chapter 01 in arabic translation

8/7/2019 Chapter 01 in Arabic Translation

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McGraw-Hill/Irwin 2008,The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved

Foundations ofInformation Systemsin Business

Chapter One


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Learning Objectives

Understand the concept of a system and how itrelates to information systems.

.

Explain why knowledge of information systemsis important for business professionals andidentify five areas of information systemsknowledge they need.

.


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Learning Objectives

Give examples to illustrate how the businessapplications of information systems can supporta firms business processes, managerial

decision making, and strategies for competitiveadvantage.

.


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Learning Objectives

Provide examples of several major types ofinformation systems from your experiences withbusiness organizations in the real world.

. Identify several challenges that a business

manager might face in managing the successfuland ethical development and use of informationtechnology in a business.

.


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Learning Objectives

Provide examples of the components of real worldinformation systems. Illustrate that in aninformation system, people use hardware,

software, data and networks as resources toperform input, processing, output, storage, andcontrol activities that transform data resourcesinto information products.

.

.


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Learning Objectives

Demonstrate familiarity with the myriad ofcareer opportunities in information systems.


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Case 1: Sew What? Inc.: The Role of IT inSmall Business Success

Sew What? provides custom theatrical draperies and

fabrics for stages, concerts, fashion shows, and specialevents worldwide.

.

After launching the company web site, they acquiredclients from all over the world and their revenue has beengrowing more than 45% per year.

45 .


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Case 1: Sew What? Inc.: The Roleof IT in Small Business Success

. Sew What? runs most of its business with Intuits Quick-Books Enterprise Solutions & Dell PowerEdge servers

Recently, the National Federation of IndependentBusinesses (NFIB) and Dell Inc. presented Sew What?Small Business Excellence Award in recognition of itsinnovative use of technology to improve its customersexperience.

) NFIB) Dell

" " .


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Case Study Questions

How do information technologies contribute to thebusiness success of Sew What? Give several examplesfrom the case regarding the business value ofinformation technology that demonstrate this conclusion.

.


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If you were a management consultant to Sew What?Inc., what would you advise Megan Duckett to do at thispoint to be even more successful in her business? Whatrole would information technology play in yourproposals? Provide several specific recommendations.

.


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1. How could the use of information technology help asmall business you know be more successful? Provide

several examples to support your answer.2. .


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Real World Internet Activity

Search the Internet to help you evaluate the businessperformance of Sew What? Inc. and its competitors atthe present time.

. What conclusions can you draw from your research about

Sew What?s prospects for the future?

" s

Report your findings and recommendations for Sew

What?s continued business success to the class.

"

s .


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Small businesses have been slower to integrateinformation technology into their operations than largercompanies.

. Discuss the reasons for this state of affairs, identifying

several possible IT solutions and their business benefitsthat could help small businesses be more successful.

.


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Why study Information Systems andInformation Technology?

Vital component of successful businesses

Helps businesses expand and compete

Businesses use IS and IT To improve efficiency and effectiveness of business

processes

For managerial decision making

For workgroup collaboration


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What is a system?

A system Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a common set ofobjectives


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What is an Information System?

An organized combination of People

Hardware

Software Communications networks

Data resources

Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, anddisseminates information in an organization


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Information System (IS) versus Information

Technology (IT)

IS is all the components and resources

necessary to deliver information and functions tothe organization


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Information System (IS) versus InformationTechnology (IT)

IT is hardware, software, networking and datamanagement

In theory, IS could be paper based

But we will focus on Computer-Based

Information Systems (CBIS)


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IS Knowledge Framework for Business

Professionals


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What should a Business Professional knowabout IS? " "

Foundation Concepts: fundamental behavioral,technical, business and managerial concepts

:

Information Technology: Hardware, software,networks, data management and Internet-based

technology :


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What should a Business Professionalknow about IS?

Business Applications: Major uses of the IS in the organization

Development Processes: How to plan, developand implement IS to meet business opportunities

Management Challenges: The challenges of effectively and ethically

managing IT


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Fundamental Roles of IS in Business

Support of business processes and operations

Support of decision making by employees andmanagers. .

Support of strategies for competitive advantage.


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What does IS do for a business?


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Trends in Information Systems


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What is E-business?

The use of Internet technologies

to work and empower business processes, electronic

commerce, and enterprise collaboration

within a company and with its customers, suppliers, andother business stakeholders.

.An online exchange of value. .


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How e-business is being used


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E-business use

Reengineer internal business processes

Enterprise collaboration systems:

support communications, coordination andcollaboration among teams and work groups,e.g., virtual teams


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E-business use

Electronic commerce:

buying, selling, marketing and servicing ofproducts and services over computer networks


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Types of IS


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Operations support systems

What are they? Efficiently process business transactions

Control industrial processes

Support communications and collaboration

Update corporate databases


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Types of Operations Support Systems

Transaction Processing Systems

Record and process data from business transactions Examples: sales processing, inventory systems,

accounting systems

:


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Types of Operations Support Systems

Process Control Systems Monitor and control physical processes

Example: in a petroleum refinery use sensors tomonitor chemical processes :

Enterprise Collaboration Systems Enhance team and work group communications

Examples: e-mail, videoconferencing :


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Twoways to process transactions

Batch Processing:Accumulate transactions over time and process

periodically

Example: a bank processes all checks received in a

batch at night

:


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Two ways to process transactions

Online Processing:

Process transactions immediately

Example: a bank processes an ATM withdrawal

immediately

:


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Management Support Systems

What are they?

Provide information and support for effective decision

making by managers


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Types of Management SupportSystems

Management Information Systems (MIS)

Provide reports and displays to managers

Example: daily sales analysis reports:

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Provide interactive ad hoc support for decision making

Example: A what-if-analysis to determine where to spendadvertising dollars

:--


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Types of Management SupportSystems

Executive Information Systems (EIS)

Provide critical information for executives and

managers Example: easy access to actions of competitors :


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Operational or Management Systems

Expert Systems Provide expert advice

Example: credit application advisor

: Knowledge Management Systems

Support creation, organization and dissemination of

business knowledge throughout company

Example: Intranet access to best business practices

:


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Classifications of IS by scope

is Functional business systems Focus on operational and managerial applications of basic

business functions

Examples: support accounting, finance or marketing

:

Strategic information systems Help get a strategic advantage over its customers

Examples: shipment tracking, e-commerce web systems

:


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Classifications of IS by scope

Cross-functional information systems

Systems that are combinations of several types of informationsystems

Provide support for many functions


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Challenges and Opportunities of IT


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Measuring success of an IS

Efficiency Minimize cost, time and use of information resources

Effectiveness

Support business strategies Enable business processes

Enhance organizational structure and culture

Increase the customer and business value

Whats the difference between Efficiency andEffectiveness?


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Developing IS Solutions


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Ethical responsibilities

What uses of IT might be considered improper orharmful to other individuals or society?

What is the proper business use of the Internet or acompanys IT resources?

How can you protect yourself from computer crime?


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Challenges of IT Careers

Outsourcing of basic programming to India, the Middle-East and Asia-Pacific countries

Strong employment opportunities in other areas in IS

Shortage of qualified IS personnel

Long-term job outlook positive and exciting


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Job growth

Among the fastest growing occupations through2012 Systems Analyst,

Database administrators, Other managerial-level positions

Network specialists

Information security


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IS Function represents

Major functional area of business

Important contributor to operational efficiency,

employee productivity, morale, customer serviceand satisfaction

Major source of information and support foreffective decision making


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IS Function represents

Vital ingredient in developing competitiveproducts and services in the global marketplace

Dynamic and challenging career opportunity

Key component of todays networked business


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Case 2: Autosystems: The Business Value of aSuccessful IT System for a small Manufacturer

" "

Autosystems is an automotive lighting designer and

manufacturer located in Belleville, Ontario. .

A few years ago it installed the ActivEntry shop floorreporting system to move shop floor information into the

manufacturing planning and control system.

.


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Case 2: Autosystems: The Business Value of aSuccessful IT System for a small Manufacturer

They now have the ability to capture labor, efficiency,production, scrap, etc., on time and by work center, forevery cell, and are able to talk about that every day in theirteam meetings.

.

Production managers can review information from all three

plants. .


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Why did Autosystems decide to install theActivEntry system? Why did the company feelit was necessary to integrate it with itsTRANS4M system?

TRANS4M Which three business benefits, of the many

that resulted from the use of ActivEntry, gavethe company the most business value? Defendyour choices.

.


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What changes are already being planned toimprove the use of ActivEntry? What otherimprovements should the company consider?Why?


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Real world activities

Go to the Infor Global Solutions Web site,www.infor.com, to find other stories thatdescribe the business value of manufacturingplanning and control systems.

" " www.infor.com . Discover any common reasons for the success

of these companies with their systems?

Present your findings to the class.


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Real world activities

Search the Internet for examples of problemsthat companies have had with manufacturingsystems.

. Discuss your findings and what solutions youcan propose to help companies avoid theproblems you discovered.

.


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Real World Group Activity

Search the Internet for examples of problemsthat companies have had with manufacturingsystems.

.

Discuss your findings and what solutions you canpropose to help companies avoid the problems youdiscovered.

.


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What is a system?

A system Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary Working together to achieve a common set of

objectives

By accepting inputs and producing outputs in anorganized transformation process


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Systems have three basic functions:

Input involves capturing and assembling elementsthat enter the system to be processed

Processing involves transformation process thatconvert input into output

Output involves transferring elements that have been

produced by the transformation process to theirultimate destination


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Cybernetic system

All systems have input, processing and outputA cybernetic system, a self-monitoring, self-

regulating system, adds feedback and control:

Feedback is data about the performance of a system

Control involves monitoring and evaluating feedback todetermine whether a system is moving towards the

achievement of its goal


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A Cybernetic system


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Information systems model


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Components of an IS

People Resources End users: the people who use the IS or the

information from the IS IS specialists: the people who develop and operate IS

Hardware ResourcesAll physical devices used in information processing Machines, data media, peripherals

Software ResourcesAll information processing instructions including

programs and procedures System software, application software and procedures


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Components of an IS (cont.)

Data Resources Facts about the business transactions

Processed and organized information

Databases of organized data

Network Resources Communications media

Network infrastructure: hardware and software :

The Internet, intranets and extranets


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Data versus Information Data are raw facts about physical phenomena or

business transactions

Information is data that has been converted intomeaningful and useful context for end users

Example: Sales data is names, quantities and dollar amounts

Sales information is amount of sales by product type,

sales territory or salesperson


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IS Activities

Input of data resources Data entry activities

Processing of data into information

E.g., calculate, compare, sort, classify, summarize Output of information products

Messages, reports, forms and graphic images

Storage of data resources Data elements and databases

Control of system performance Monitoring and evaluating feedback


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Recognizing IS

As a business professional, you should be ableto look at an IS and identify

The people, hardware, software, data and networkresources they use

The type of information products they produce

The way they perform input, processing, output, storageand control activities


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Case 3: Heidelberg, Honeywell and Eaton: Using IT toBuild Smart Products and Services

Today it will not be enough for a companies to offervaluable services for their products but they will have toprovide smart services.

" ." To provide smart services, companies must use

information technology to build smart products, productswith awareness and connectivity into the products

themselves. "" .


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Case 3: Heidelberg, Honeywell and Eaton: Using ITto Build Smart Products and Services

Typically, smart products can detect that a part isapproaching failure and alert users, thus giving thecompany opportunity to provide maintenance services andenjoy the resulting benefits.

.


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Why should manufacturing companies build smart products andprovide smart services? What business benefits can they gain?Provide several examples beyond those discussed in this case.

. What information technologies are used by the companies in

this case to build smart products and provide smart services?What other IT components might be used? Give examples ofthe capabilities they would provide.

.


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What are some limitations of a smart products andsmart services strategy? Give several examples ofchallenges that a business might encounter, and explainhow it might overcome them.

.


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Use the Internet to investigate how Heidelberg,Honeywell, and Eaton are proceeding in their use ofsmart products and services.

. Discover if they are expanding this approach and what

benefits they are claiming for this strategy.

.


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Now expand your Internet investigation to othermanufacturing companies to find several that arebuilding smart products and offering smart services.

What business value are they claiming for themselves and

their customers?

If this search is fruitless, select several companies fromyour Internet research and explain how and why they mightemploy a smart products and services strategy.

.


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Real World Group Activity

What security and privacy concerns mightconsumers have about Eatons HomeHeartbeat service?

" "

Discuss the rationale for these concerns, andconsider what could be done to reduce any threats tosecurity and privacy posed by such services while

also improving the value of this new use ofinformation technology.

chapter 01 in arabic translation

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