changing lives. opening minds international renewable

Changing Lives. Opening Minds

INTERNATIONAL

RENEWABLE

ENERGY BEST

PRACTICE

HANDBOOK

TREND – Training for

Renewable Energy Network

PROJECT IDENTIFICATION: ERASMUS + 2014-1-HR01-KA200-007 212

Coordinator

� Faculty of Agriculture University J.J. Strossmayer

Project partners

� University of Maribor � Regional Development Agency

Baranja Slavonija � Regional Development Agency

South-Transdanubia � International Development Norway � Européer Foundation � EcoSynergy Ltd. � EU Centar � IMRO-DDK Ltd.

Pre-word, methodology 2

Content

Pre-word, methodology .......................................................................................................................... 3

Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy ................................................................ 5

BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ INDUSTRY PARK ........................................... 5

BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG........................................................... 9

ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS

PRODUCTION PLANT IN KAPOSVAR .................................................................................................. 12

EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE

UNIVER PRODUCT ZRT ....................................................................................................................... 15

NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE AND SLURRY FROM THE

SURROUNDING FARMS ..................................................................................................................... 33

STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND

SWITCHYARD ..................................................................................................................................... 35

Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy technology initiatives ................ 37

BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE CITY OF PLETERNICA ......................... 37

ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP ............................................................................... 40

SPIRAL WIND TURBINE ...................................................................................................................... 42

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM ............................................................ 46

PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION.............................................................................. 50

VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT SUPPLY ............................................. 52

Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives aiming energy efficiency .......... 54

REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN OSIJEKA ........................................... 54

HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN MYHRERENGA, NORWAY .............. 58

SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS – INCUBATOR-HOUSE AND INNOVATION

CENTRE OF NAGYKANIZSA ................................................................................................................. 68

Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building initiatives aiming energy efficiency .. 73

BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY . 73

NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK ................................................................... 75

SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK ..................................................................................... 76

RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY POTENTIAL ...................................... 77

Chapter V: Lessons learnt - a way to success, ....................................................................................... 83

Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy projects. .................................... 87


Pre-word, methodology

The TREND project is a regional initiative to support the development of the renewable energy

potential of the Drava River Croatia-Hungary-Slovenia Cross Border Region by the training of local

SMEs, NGOs, municipality opinion leaders and students.

The project aims to:

- train the local actors to be able to organize their community for launching a local renewable

energy initiative with bottom up approach

- train the local actors to be able to select the technologically, agriculturally, economically,

socially and environmentally best fitting option for their community.

To reach this aim the project will

- MAP the regional best practices and seek the competences needed for a successful

renewable energy initiative

- DEVELOP four e-learning modules (biomass to energy, renewable energy technology, energy

efficiency, project management)

- ESTABLISH an international learning management system and educate target groups in all

three countries to gain the personal competences needed for successful initiatives.

This handbook aims to present the regional best practices and analyse the skills and competences

needed to prepare successful project in the renewable energy sector. Our methodology was to seek

best practice projects and fill out a standard template for each of them, aiming the special

characteristic of the project, which makes it work. We have analyzed 20 projects in four sectors

(energy to biomass, renewable energy technology, refurbishment initiatives, sustainable building

initiative). At the end of each project we concluded the lessons learnt and analysed the professional

knowledge needed for replicability and the skills, competences required for success. Based on this

we summarized the results and clarified the definition of the required skills and competences for

success. This guideline will aims at exploring and summarizing the state-of-art practice of renewable

energy initiatives of the member regions. The survey carried outwill identify the strong-weak points

of the national good practices and will sum up the additional requirements of the training material to

be developed by the project. The guideline will have the summary of the results and findings of the

national questionnaires.

In our analysis the following data were summarized for each best practice project:

• Title of project / best practice

• Basic data of investment

• Description of the best practice

• Milestones of implementation

• What was the reason behind the technology option selection

• What should be done differently

• Lessons learnt

• Professional knowledge required for replicability

• Skills / competences required for success


The following chart summarizes the projects we have analyzed.

Field of best parctice Title of best partice

Biomass to energy

BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ INDUSTRY PARK

BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG

ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT IN KAPOSVAR

EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE UNIVER PRODUCT ZRT

NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE AND SLURRY FROM THE SURROUNDING FARMS

RITMIC – Local Wood Briquette Recycling (ESD Romania)

STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND SWITCHYARD

Renewable energy

technology initiatives

BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE CITY OF PLETERNICA

ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP

SPIRAL WIND TURBINE

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM

PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION

VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT SUPPLY

Refurbishment initiative

aiming energy efficiency

REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN OSIJEKA

HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN MYHRERENGA, NORWAY

SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS – INCUBATOR-HOUSE AND INNOVATION CENTRE OF NAGYKANIZSA

Sustainable building

initiative aiming energy

efficiency

BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY

NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK

SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK

RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY POTENTIAL

Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy 5

Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

BIOGAS AND BIO ETHANOL PLANT AT KAPOSSZEKCSŐ INDUSTRY PARK

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Agrár Béta Ltd., Kaposszekcsői Mezőgazdasági Zrt. Location of investment: Kaposszekcső Industry Park E-contacts (website, email etc.): http://www.agrar-beta.hu/, [email protected]

Video on construction of biogas plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Oc8gEJltNH0

Description of

the best

practice

• In the Kaposszekcső Industry Park on a territory of 1.7 acre a biogas plant was built in 2010 consisting of three fermentation tanks - with the volume of 2500 m3 each. The aim of this installation is to process the output of the local agricultural production. The local farms support 800 cows and 5,000 pigs and their manure is used to produce energy together with other agricultural waste materials (such as low quality grain, straw and stillage


from the bio ethanol factory). The capacity of the biogas plant is 75,000 m3 per year and able to produce 836 kW energy a year.

• Next to the biogas plant a bio ethanol factory was also built, with a capacity of 15,000 tons per year, able to produce bio ethanol form the residue of local crop production. Usually the low quality grain is processed here, which is not suitable for human consumption.

• The project was a private investment of local agricultural production SMEs, which was willing to find a suitable solution for handling their waste. The implementation was supported by EU and Hungarian state subsidy.

• The investor Agrár Béta Ltd. is responsible for the operation of the site Investment costs:

Fermentors 249 588 803 Ft

Other building 374 134 530 Ft

Machinery 304 882 783 Ft

Vehicles 60 996 885 Ft

Other supplement investment

184 249 846 Ft

Grid development 13 098 253 Ft

Total 1 186 951 100 Ft

Yearly operation costs:

Wages (HUF)

Interest (HUF)

Capital repayments (HUF)

Loading material (HUF)

Material cost HUF

Total cost (HUF)

Income from electricity (HUF)

Balance (HUF)

Jan. 3 371 989 3 911 892 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 13 842 968 15 327 871 1 484 903

Feb. 4 265 419 3 597 540 4 366 670 336 000 1 820 417 14 386 046 13 679 085 -706 961

March 7 310 026 3 948 887 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 17 818 000 15 132 852 -2 685 148

April 6 030 348 3 926 505 4 366 670 360 000 1 820 417 16 503 940 13 260 134 -3 243 806

May 4 903 999 3 073 570 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 14 536 656 13 238 713 -1 297 943

June 9 400 612 3 149 926 4 366 670 360 000 1 820 417 19 097 625 10 826 763 -8 270 862

July 12 274 427 3 321 757 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 22 155 271 13 126 089 -9 029 182

Aug 14 601 870 2 927 685 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 24 088 642 12 914 344 -11 174

298

Sept. 3 718 071 2 958 750 4 366 670 360 000 1 820 417 13 223 908 13 520 325 296 417

Oct. 5 182 450 3 136 603 4 366 670 372 000 1 820 417 14 878 140 15 000 509 122 369

Nov. 5 632 034 2 636 252 4 366 670 360 000 1 820 417 14 815 373 13 454 377 -1 360 996

Dec, 6 117 943 4 205 860 4 500 000 372 000 1 820 417 17 016 220 15 534 700 -1 481 520

Total 82 809 188 40 795 227 52 533 370 4 380 000 21 845 000 202 362

785 165 015

762 -37 347

023


Yearly energy production

electricity sold MWh

Electricity produced MWh

Own consumption MWh

Jan. 539 587 48 Feb. 478 532 53 March 529 594 65 April 468 629 61 May 453 523 70 June 372 418 46 July 448 541 92 Aug 440 494 54 Sept. 458 524 65 Oct. 518 Nov. 465 Dec, 537 Total 5706

Milestones of

implementatio

n

• Economic crisis resulted in unstable agricultural and energy prices and the sustainability of economic operation cannot be ensured due to external effects. Traditional usage of agricultural waste project became limited as the number of livestock reduced. Need for substitute solution of agricultural production was required to close material loops, and produce more marketable products such as bio ethanol and energy.

• The basically agricultural firm made a strategic decision to enlarge its operation with biogas utilization and bio ethanol production from its residue crops.

• Technology options were analyzed and compared and an application was prepared for the selected technology

• This was followed by a public tendering prepared and supervised by the future operator.

• The works were also supervised by the operator and the test operation period started

• Licensing was a huge problem for the project since authority was not prepared adequately and the acceptation lasted for several years.

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option

selection

• Technological approach was followed to determine the best value for

money option, that technology was favoured which is most flexible and

enables the largest amount of material recycling and energy recovery. The

logic was that the least output with no further use the plant has, the lower

would be overall operation cost. The other driving force was simplicity,

those alternatives were favoured which can be built locally with local

workforce.

What should

be done

differently

Licensing was very problematic, since local legal environment is not prepared for innovative approaches despite there was no public protest and employment opportunity was most welcomed by the local community. Produced energy still cannot be sold to the local grid, since the necessary development of the energy service provider were not prepared. Cooperation of energy demand (cities), energy supply (biogas plant) and their interconnecting infrastructure (grid operator) should be ensured from the beginning.

Lessons learnt Clear ownership structure and operation responsibilities enables a close supervision of investments, which is key to make them operational. Inflexibility of the legal environment is a huge obstacle for innovative approaches.

Professional

knowledge

• Deep knowledge of the material in-flow and outflow of certain agricultural production and their possible interconnections


required for

replicability

• Knowledge on the available technology option regarding both recycling or energy recovery of the different output material of the agricultural production and their operation requirements

• Knowledge on requirements of grid development practices

Skills /

competences

required for

success

COMPETENCES

• organization and leadership o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Understands how to use decision making to support mission o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external

environments

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes o Manages workflow o Formulates and analyzes budgets o Manages information and technology o Understands project management o Demonstrates skill in team building and management

• collaboration o Understands community building

• innovation o Understands creative processes o Capable of systems thinking

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics o Able to work well in teams o Self-motivated o Understands conflict management o Able negotiator o Confident in handling new tasks o Flexible in assignments

SKILLS:

• Communication skills o Able to present technical data o Understands proposal writing

• Analysis / research skills o Understands economic modeling o Able to analyze political support and opposition o Understands stakeholder analysis o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

• Planning skills o Able to do strategic planning o Understands systems analysis and design o Knowledgeable about project design and planning o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Skilled with internet/WWW


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE BIOGAS UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN ZALAEGERSZEG

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Zalavíz Zrt. Location of investment: H-8900 Zalaegerszeg, Balatoni út 8. Zala County - Hungary E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.zalaviz.hu/

• Telephone : +36 92 500 300

• E-mail: [email protected]

Description of

the best

practice

The biogas plant is located at the waste water treatment Zalaegerszeg, in the framework of Zalavíz Zrt., a large conurbation in the South West of Hungary. The treatment plant occupies an area of approximately 1 hectare and does not operate a clarification plant but uses a 3 stage Phoredox (A2/O) activated sludge treatment process. This is similar to a conventional activated sludge system with an anaerobic zone ahead of the aerobic basin but also includes an additional anoxic zone following the anaerobic zone. The anaerobic digesters were installed in order to treat surplus activated sludge and were commissioned in December 2009. The wastewater treatment plant was designed by the Hungarian UTB Envirotech Company Ltd and constructed by Ökoprotech Ltd. The plant treats approximately

50,000 – 60,000 m3 of surplus activated sludge generated on site and sewage sludge

imported from other local wastewater treatment plants from 30kms. The refuelling

technology was provided by Fornovogas, Italy. The installation of an upgrading unit

also allowed the diversification of end uses to include vehicle fuel. The upgrading

plant and refuelling station occupy an area of approximately 500m2.

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestones for implementation of this project were

1. First step of the investment was that two sludge putrefiers have been built

at the waste water treatment field.

2. Purifying equipment was needed for vehicle fuel, which makes 99 %

biomethane from biogas containing 70 % methane.


What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

Biogas upgrading and the production of biomethane nowadays is one of the best interesting renewable energy technology, which is unknowing and didn’t spread wide range in the regions. A number of different technologies to fulfil the task of producing a biomethane stream of sufficient quality to act as a vehicle fuel or to be injected into the natural gas grid are already commercially available and have proven to be technically and economically feasible. Intensive research is still in progress to optimise and further develop these technologies as well as to apply novel technologies to the field of biogas upgrading. This technology contributes to the company transportation and the city public mass bus transportation as well, and the same time by decreasing the CO2 emission in the surroundings of the town.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

Thanks to their operation – less quantity and better quality, better utilizing – sewage sludge is available and biogas is also produced as by-product. Biogas is primarily for electricity and heating but Zalavíz Zrt. produces vehicle fuel as well. Biomethane, which has almost the same quality and energy content as natural gas, was fuelled to CNG (compressed natural gas) vehicles.

What should be

done

differently

Within five years nearly 1.000 MW coal power plants, while within ten years further 2.300 MW capacities will drop out from the hydrocarbon-based domestic power plant energy supply system. In addition the government has set up a 14.65% transformations target until 2020, based on renewable energy sources, in which it will have been a decisive role of the biomass energy. So it is important to thinking in larger scale development system and further more national support and assistance.

Lessons learnt Zalavíz Wastewater Treatment Plant uses surplus or waste activated sludge as a feedstock. The digester was installed because of the requirement to treat the sludge prior to disposal and the plant was constructed with the support of the EU. The average daily biogas production is 1.000---1.200 m3, which can be used in three ways: o Electricity o Heat o Vehicle Fuel Since starting operation in 2010, Zalavíz plant operators have found monitoring practices to be vital in circumstances when immediate intervention was required. A webscada system is in place to alert if any of the online parameters show significant deviations from the norm. Downtimes have been kept low, limited to the biannual maintenance works that are being conducted.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

• Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme

• Knowledge of how to operate biogas plant system

• Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors

• Knowledge of renewable energy market

• Knowledge of municipality strategy

• Knowledge of political decision makers

Skills /

competences

required for

success

POSSIBLE REQUIRED COMPETENCES

• organization and leadership o Understands governance and administrative systems o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Understands how to use decision making to support mission


o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external environments

• management o Understands variety of approaches to decision making o Understands administrative law o Formulates and analyses budgets o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Manages information and technology o Demonstrates skill in team building and management o Understands task analysis and job design

• collaboration o Understands community building o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects

• innovation o Able to manage change o Understands creative processes o Comfortable with risk taking

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics o Understands conflict management o Able negotiator o Confident in handling new tasks o Flexible in assignments o Able to work under tight deadlines

POSSIBLE REQUIRED SKILLS:

• Communication skills o Effective in public presentations o Able to present technical data o Able to write in-depth reports o Fluent in English

• Analysis / research skills o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Able to do population projection/forecasting o Understands demographic analysis o Knowledgeable about statistical analysis o Understands economic modelling o Able to analyse political support and opposition o Understands stakeholder analysis

• Planning skills o Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic,

demographic) o Able to do strategic planning o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills o Able to use statistical packages o Understands database operations o Uses computer assisted cartography o Uses Geographic Information Systems


TITLE OF PROJECT

/ BEST PRACTICE

ZERO EXTERNAL ENERGY NEED-FERMENTATION PLANT CAPACITY EXTENSION IN THE BIOGAS PRODUCTION PLANT IN KAPOSVAR

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. Location of investment: Kaposvar-Hungary

Description of

the best practice

Main points:

• The basic idea in this particular project is replacing natural gas consumption for biogas energy utilization. Being independent from the national utility provider is essential and beneficial to every participant.

• Know-how: The current project is the 2nd chapter of the sugar factory’s development strategy. After doing several R&D related activities within the factory they have decided to built two 12.000 m3 (each) fermenting units.

• Know-how and experience: This practice worked so well that the current project is about to squeeze out leftover’s energy for further alternative energy supplement to the factory.

• The need is obvious: the more biogas can be used the less expense shall apply. Since it is not the kickoff project, the factory can easily rely on previous experiences what undoubtedly proves the feasibility of such investment.

Milestones of

implementation

The sugar factory of Kaposvár produces sugar from sugar beet. During the process, beet slices are separated as by-products. These slices have been formerly sold to farmers to feed the animals (bovine), but as the number of animals decreased in the region, alternative solutions had to be found. Therefore internal technology experts have developed a process in which sugar beets are fermented and biogas can be extracted. The gas is burnt in the boilers of the factory and used for heat production. In the European Union the environmental protection is highly encouraged and practiced. Ransoming the non-renewable energy is a success story in the 21st century to every company/factory. These facts were the major driving forces in the factory’s management decision making when it decided to make such a long run investment. Just like all the other alternative energy supplement related investments this one also feasible but it also takes nearly a decade if not longer


till the ROI is complied even with 100% energy coverage from the year of 2013. The project manager is Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. and it outsourced the project realization and lately the maintenance part to the Energia Kozpont Nonprofit Ltd. This project greatly backs the feasibility of the whole factory. It also makes sure it adds value to the society as it will greatly facilitate the energy use (from financial perspective). Since environmental protection is done in the name of society’s goodwill, shifting from non-renewable to alternative energy consumption do not need public marketing or promotion. Licensing is laid only on the municipality’s shoulders as the whole project was carried out in the factory’s territory.

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

The technology is just a bit different from the previously realized one. The fermentation section uses the leftover of the non-utilizable sugar carrot parts. Those ends are first rot in the fermentation unit then turned into biogas what covers the sugar factory’s energy need -over 50% in the beginning. On top of it the available funds has indicated further effectiveness indicator project so recycling could even go higher- in 5 years time to 100%. The best value financial ratio would be the complete recycling process within the regular units (2x12.0000m3) but as technological development still hasn’t reached that level the company must deal with this situation and turn the weakness into opportunity. The decision was based on two pillars: A- the technological benefits have already been proven due to previous projects and B- during the brainstorming the specific funds were offered to production plants like this sugar factory. The feasibility study has clearly shown that the internal investment return ratio is 4,14% what confirms the use of this development. It is certainly a long term investment and the leaders of the factory must have a clear vision that it will not be profitable overnight. Luckily all the outcomes of this project are in line with the preferences of the European Union’s vision; therefore it awards the project with 50% nonrefundable finance. Due to further studies it could be predicted that by 2013 the 100% energy demand will be supplied from the fermentation and biogas production plants. When it is the off-season the biogas section will provide the non-utilizable energy to the local Spa and two further blocks of the sugar factory.

Why is this

considered to be

a best practice

Main points:

• On a local level the benefits of this project will be experienced as smoke-free sky and smoke pollution should drop to zero after all so habitants acceptance and satisfaction must be given.

• Having said that; the factory’s energy supplier is the Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. and it commissioned the Energia Kozpont Ltd. for maintenance. this apply both to this fermentation plant and to the other two biogas production plants

What should be

done differently

No information about delays or protest or any kind of modification.

Lessons learnt There is no claim released on issues or changes. The efficiency is being developed years after years and further projects are expected for future grow.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

The management has split into different sections. The 3 major ones what require professionals are logistics, finance and production (processing). These subsidiaries are hired both by the Biogaz Fejleszto Ltd. and Energia Kozpont Ltd.

Skills /

competences

COMPETENCES:


required for

success

• organization and leadership

o understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust o Understands governance and administrative systems o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Understands organizational culture

• management

o Manages workflow o Understands project management

• collaboration

o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects

• innovation

o Able to manage change o Comfortable with risk taking

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics

o Confident in handling new tasks

SKILLS:

• Communication skills

o Understands proposal writing

• Analysis / research skills

o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Able to do population projection/forecasting o Understands economic modeling o Understands qualitative analysis

• Planning skills

o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills

o Skilled with internet/WWW


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

EXCHANGE OF GAS CONSUMPTION BY UTILIZING HARD BIOMASS – MAINLY WOODCHIPS – AT THE UNIVER PRODUCT ZRT

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Univer Product Zrt. Location of investment: Kecskemét, Szolnoki Street 35. E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.univer.hu Kardos László - [email protected]

Description of

the best

practice

Main points:

• Technology description: A 6 tons/hour steam capacitated and 9 bar working pressure steam boiler was built on a 4.500 KW heat capacitated horizontally located firebox. This machinery operates parallel with the natural gas boilers. The natural gas boilers ensure the technological steam for the factory.

• Investment financial description: A “KEOP” tender was submitted, but it is still under the evaluation process. This way the investment was handled by Univer’s own capital and bank loan.

• Description of operator: The technology is operated by the investor itself. The profit earned by the operation can be utilized from the cost difference of preparing steam from natural gas or preparing steam from woodchips.

• Externalities:


The CO2 emission of the factory decreased radically. External environmental effects can be mentioned positively because of the decreasing amount of natural gas used.

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestones from the idea till starting operation were the following: 1. Selecting the capacity of the biomass boiler was the first step. The goal

was to find the maximum capacity where the return on investment equals with the price difference of the two types of energy sources (natural gas and woodchips). The difference in the costs of operations (the biomass boiler and the natural gas boiler) were also take into consideration, just as the differences in the electricity requirements, living labour needs, and machinery needs as well.

2. The second step was the elaboration and submission of the “KEOP” tender.

3. The next step was the selection of the proper technology. 4. Following was the tendering of potential suppliers of the technology and

the woodchips suppliers. 5. The fifth step was the solution of investment costs, because the “KEOP”

evaluation was too long to wait for. 6. Selection of the suppliers and contracting phase was the next step. 7. After it, the implementation phase was started. 8. It was followed by the test operation. 9. And finally, as the ninth step, the operation and the production was

started.

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

The best value for money requirement was addressed in the case of the investment as follows:

• Different options were evaluated and compared based on previous practical experience

• Complex study was prepared, which involved investment and future operation costs, income prognosis and evaluation together with technology option assessment

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

• In your opinion why is it a success for the local community By decreasing the production costs, Univer is able to keep or strengthen its market position. According to this, Univer can keep the number of workplaces in the factory. Other workplaces are also saved indirectly, because those SMEs, that provide raw material for the production of Univer are employing lots of families. And nevertheless, this technology is beneficial for the society, because it is an environment friendly and safe operation.

• What were the key elements for success The most important key success factors were: - deep, careful and professional preparation - selecting the proper suppliers of technology and raw material - the operating mode, that enables to check back the pre-calculations - the operating mode enables the continuous control and check of the specific cost

structure. This way decisions can be made to reach optimal operation.

What should be

done

differently

• Were there any delays in the implementation, why? No, no delays appeared.

• Was the selected technology workable, or technology modification was


needed, why? No modification was needed, because no problem appeared.

• Were there any public protest / complaint during the implementation or operation, why?

No, not any.

Lessons learnt The whole process of the investment was carried based on the preliminary plans. There were no need to modify anything during the investment.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

The proposed elements of the needed professional knowledge to replicate this best practice elsewhere are:

• the professional knowledge of biomass firing

• the practical knowledge of biomass technologies

• practical knowledge of tendering

Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best practice are): Master degree in:

- energetics - mechanical engineering - electrical engineering - architectural engineering - financial management Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are): Master degree in: -energetics -mechanical engineering -electrical engineering -architectural engineering -financial management Practical knowledge and experience in biomass and wood.

COMPETENCES

• organization and leadership o Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute

resolution o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and

external environments

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes o Understands variety of approaches to decision making o Manages workflow o Formulates and analyzes budgets o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Understands program management o Understands project management o Demonstrates skill in team building and management


o Understands task analysis and job design

• collaboration o Adept in coalition building

• innovation o Able to manage change o Understands creative processes o Capable of systems thinking o Adept at framing issues o Comfortable with risk taking

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics o Able to work well in teams o Self-motivated o Understands conflict management o Able negotiator o Confident in handling new tasks o Flexible in assignments o Attentive to detail o Able to work under tight deadlines o Able to network effectively

SKILLS:

• Communication skills o Able to present technical data o Able to facilitate groups o Understands grant writing

• Analysis / research skills o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Understands decision analysis o Understands economic modeling o Able to conduct action research o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

• Planning skills o Knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Understands spreadsheet usage o Uses graphics packages o Skilled with internet/WWW

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

RITMIC – LOCAL WOOD BRIQUETTE (ESD ROMANIA)

Basic data of

investment

Investor:

Grant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic

Growth and Sustainable Development in Romania.

partners are SINTEF (lead) an

other experts to SINTEF. The project is a sub

by Norway Grants and administrated by Innovation Norway.

SC RITMIC COM Company, a partner in the ESD Project

registered in the City of Suceava, 450 km N of Bucharest.

Main stakeholders of the RITMIC Company are:

The owners

1. The local administration authorities (village halls).

2. Local institutions (schools, hospitals, local business owner

RITMIC products.

3. Local NGO.

4. Banks supporting RITMIC’s business.

Other beneficiaries:

• The Suceava County

• The County Forest Authority of the Suceava County

• Villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca, Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu

Location of inves

etc.): http://www.id

Final choice of RITMIC seen here cleaning the valley

wooden waste nearby a timber production facility.

Chapter I.: Cross-border best practices in biomass to energy

LOCAL WOOD BRIQUETTE (ESD ROMANIA)

rant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic

Growth and Sustainable Development in Romania. ESD financing scheme

partners are SINTEF (lead) and ECOIND. IDN have leased out Project Manager and

other experts to SINTEF. The project is a sub-project under ESD Romania funded

by Norway Grants and administrated by Innovation Norway.

SC RITMIC COM Company, a partner in the ESD Project Romania is a LLC Company

registered in the City of Suceava, 450 km N of Bucharest.

Main stakeholders of the RITMIC Company are:

The local administration authorities (village halls).

Local institutions (schools, hospitals, local business owner

RITMIC products.

Local NGO.

Banks supporting RITMIC’s business.

Other beneficiaries:

The Suceava County

The County Forest Authority of the Suceava County

Villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca, Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu

Location of investment: Ilisesti, near Suceava, Romania; E-contacts (website, email

http://www.id-norway.com/projects/esd-romania-ritmic/

Final choice of RITMIC seen here cleaning the valley of the River Suceava from

wooden waste nearby a timber production facility.

border best practices in biomass to energy 19

rant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic

ESD financing scheme. Project

d ECOIND. IDN have leased out Project Manager and

project under ESD Romania funded

by Norway Grants and administrated by Innovation Norway. Beneficiary/Owner:

Romania is a LLC Company

Local institutions (schools, hospitals, local business owners) that use

Villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca, Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu

contacts (website, email

ritmic/

of the River Suceava from


Description of

the best

practice

Background: Wood is the main natural resource in the Suceava County. Efforts are made by the central and local administration to keep forest exploitation under control and to implement the sustainable management of forests. According to the local representatives of the National Forest Authority and of the managers of the EGGER Company (large international Company manufacturing chip boards from saw dust and wooden chips at a rate of 600,000 m3./ year), some 45 % of the wood remains in place in the forests, and only some 55% is extracted. Thus, wooden waste (trunks with too many knots, of bad shape, rotten, branches, leaves, bushes, etc,) constitutes a major source o biomass, very little used, at this moment. Biomass is seen as a major source of energy and value-added products that could reduce the imports of the EU and development in the biomass field is particularly encouraged and recommended. SC RITMIC SRL is a SME based in Ilisesti, 18 km E from Suceava, dealing, among others, with collecting wooden waste (sawdust, chops, branches, etc.), conditioning it and selling it as bio-fuel (wooden briquettes), to organizations, institutions (schools, pensions) and individuals in the neighbouring area. RITMIC Company reinserts wooden waste in the economical circuit. The company owns a briquetting facility that turns sawdust to briquettes. RITMIC needed an equipment (forest greifer, as it is called) to collect and, if possible, to transport wooden waste from remote places. The equipment carry out a job stringently needed by the local County Forest Authority that is confronted with the environmental impact of large quantities of wood left on site by timber companies. The forest cleaning activity serves the environment and the community by reintroducing in the business circuit the wooden waste, otherwise with no economic value. RITMIC has a strategy to use as much renewable as possible in the briquetting activity. The Project was directed to solve a local problem in a very short time, though providing the business environment and the communities with a sustainable source of energy, to collect all wooden waste available locally, though optimizing the use of natural resources and minimizing waste. The project overall goal was to deliver customized state-of-the-art Norwegian and Romanian environmental R&D based technology The project aims:

• Optimize use of natural resources, offering a cleaner or less wasteful alternative to traditional products and services

• Have their origins in an innovative or novel technology or application

• Add economic value compared to traditional alternatives The approach follows all the elements of a sustainable business and is in line with the latest EU and Romanian Government initiatives to encourage use of renewables (biomass) as an energy source. Without the support of the ESD Project, all the wooden waste turned into firewood and briquettes by RITMNIC would have remained in the woods, with disastrous environmental consequences. Before this project implementation, RITMIC already owned a state-of-the-art facility for briquetting sawdust. It lacks the equipment to collect and transport biomass waste from woods (trunks, branches, wooden debris). RITMIC has been awarded the briquetting installation by the Romanian Environmental Fund. The


state-of-the-art facility include: - a metal detector - screener - a sawdust drier - 2 parallel briquetting machines. No additive, binder etc., is needed in the

manufacturing process so the briquettes are 100% environmentally clean - An air-heater providing the hot air needed to dry the sawdust from a 25-

30% level of humidity to less than 8%. The air heater uses only wooden waste with no economical value (breaches, totten trunks, etc.)

- Filtering systems that capture dust at the outlet stacks SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC to find the right equipment needed. The equipment carry out a job stringently needed by the local County Forest Authority that is confronted with the environmental impact of large quantities of wood left on site by timber companies. The forest cleaning activity serves the environment and the community by reintroducing in the business circuit the wooden waste, otherwise with no economic value. Part of the briquettes made from wooden waste is, occasionally, sold to supermarkets. SC Ritmic SRL has its own transportation logistics that collects, transport wooden waste to the processing unit and delivers briquettes to customers. The processing unit – commissioned with financing from the Romanian Environmental Fund – is a state-of-the-art installation that automatically conveys, screens, dries, separates pebbles and metallic debris, and does the briquetting of the sawdust. All operations are carried out in closed equipments with negligible emissions of dust to atmosphere. The energy required for drying is obtained by burning wooden debris that cannot go to briquetting (branches, large debris), so the installation is self-sustaining from the point of view of energy involved and all energy comes from renewables.

The Company had to buy a special mobile equipment that collects sawdust and wooden debris from public space across the Suceava County, with permission of local authority that welcome the idea to clean the environment and keep the beautiful landscape free of waste and debris. Sawdust and wooden debris collected with the equipment is transported (65 km) and directed to the wooden debris processing unit of SC RITMIC SRL in Ilisesti. The debris are turned into briquettes and sold at a price of 400 RON/ton (95 Euros/ton) at the facility gate. When delivered to customers addresses, the price increases with the cost of transportation and manipulating. It is worth noting that the same briquettes are sold in supermarkets at a price of 850 RON/ton (200 Euros/ton).

As wood is the main fuel for households in the Suceava area (together with coal of rather low quality - lignite), the main benefit of using sawdust briquettes is sparing virgin resources (forests). RITMIC Company estimates at 1600 tons per year wooden waste collected. The 1600 tons of sawdust collected and processed per year come from renewable resources and means 1600 tons less virgin wood needed for domestic uses, i.e. 9.2 ha virgin forest saved (at a rate of 218 m3 tree volume per hectare, cf. Romanian Forests, 2009). The biofuel produced (wooden briquettes) has the characteristics shown in the following table.

Characteristics Sawdust (dry

solid) Briquettes

Gross Calorific Value (kcal/kg)

4769 4443

Relative humidity, % 0% 6.1


Volatile organics, g/kg 85,9 80.3

Sulfur, % 0.02 0.02

Ash, % 0.46 0.43

Density, kg/m3 1030

Geometry Cylinders 80mm in diameter

For reference:

Gross calorific value of:

Coal (lignite, young bituminous coal) delivered for domestic fuel, 10% water)

ca. 6000 kcal/kg

Fuel oil 8000 – 10400 kcal/kg

Methane 13200 kcal/kg

Ethanol 7208 kcal/kg

Fossil fuels saved. For a year operation, at a rate of 1600 tons sawdust processed, the synergy leads to economies of:

- 536 tons methane (ca. 750000 m3 STP) - 1184 tons coal - 688 tons fuel oil,

or 984 tons ethanol (seen as a future substitute for fossil gasoline)

The advantage of the wooden briquettes is that they are, practically, carbon neutral (Illsey et al, 2007). The contained carbon is benign (it is not coming from fossil sources but from the existing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, processed by trees during their life time). So, the carbon dioxide emitted by wood combustion does not add to the overall greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere.

Following the figures in the table above, every 1 kg of wooden briquettes is equivalent to and replaces the dioxide carbon of fossil origin produced by:

- 0.3367 kg methane (0.47 m3 STP) - 0.7405 kg coal (lignite) - 0.43 kg fuel oil.

In the coming years, taxes will be added for emitted SOx, ash, CO2, raising the stress for taxpayers’ budgets. Those taxes are practically nil in the case of briquettes (only tax for CO2 could be considered but the CO2 emitted is benign).

For comparison purposes, supposing 40% thermal efficiency, in order to obtain 1 Gcal of energy, one must burn 563 kg briquettes. At a price of 400 Ron/tons, this means 225 Ron/Gcal.

The production cost of 1 Gcal delivered in cities via the central heat distribution system reaches 100-150Euros (420-630 RON, the figure is almost double the one Western EU) (Central Heating, 2009) due to inefficient co-generation installations and heavy losses in the distribution network. Though those connected at the central heating system pay currently 100-190 RON/Gcal, this price is subsidized by local administration by taking money from other taxes paid by citizens. Currently, some municipalities consider increasing this price to 300 RON. In any case, the subsidies will go off by 2015 (Gcal., 2009) and by then the synergy solution will become even more attractive for households in the country area.


Investment financial description:

The finances were provided through Grant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Romania. ESD financing scheme

How the equipment selection was made:

RITMIC needed an equipment (forest greifer, as it is called) to collect and, if possible, to transport wooden waste from remote places. A forest greifer has already been acquired by the RITMIC Company, with the help of the ESD financing scheme. The selection procedure is described in the subsequent paragraph. A portfolio with 4 options has been set up by the RITMIC general Manager, after discussions with ECOIND representatives and with other specialists and owners of equipments that could carry out the collection and transport of wooden waste from remote places. Many discussions used the INTERNET facilities. A number of 4 options have been put on a shortlist (see illustrations below). Then, after another set of discussions, a number of criteria were selected to evaluate the selected options. During these discussions, each criterion received a relevance score from 1 (lowest relevance) to 10 (most relevant). Criteria covers economic aspects (K8) as well as technical ones (K2-K7) or geographical one (K1). The result is included in the following table.

Table 1. Information matrix for selecting the equipment.

Criteria used in decision making

Loca

tio

n o

f

ve

nd

or

Ne

w o

r 2

nd

ha

nd

Ye

ars

in

serv

ice

Sta

te

Act

ion

Ra

diu

s,

m

Ste

ep

est

slo

pe

, d

eg

ree

s

Tra

nsp

ort

cap

aci

ty,

ton

s

Pri

ce,

Th

ou

.Eu

ros

(ba

sic

off

er)

Criteria

Code K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8

Relevance

of criteria 1 3 5 4 7 6 8 10

Options

Option 1 Romania-Brasov

2nd hand

4

Ne

ed

ma

jor

rep

air

s

9.5 40

no

ne

100

Option 2 Romania-M.Ciuc

New 0

Bra

nd

ne

w 6 25

20

( i

n t

he

att

ach

ed

tra

ile

r)

180

Option 3 Austria 2nd hand

5

Ne

ed

rep

air

s

10 40

no

ne

140

Option 4 Romania-Suceava

2nd hand

5

Ne

ed

rep

air

s

9.5 20

40

(t

ruck

pla

tfo

rm

+ t

raile

r)

80


The next step was to turn information in the above table in a decision matrix, by giving rates from 1 (lowest) to 10 (best) to each option, along each criterion. Table 2. Decision matrix to support the selection of the equipment

Criteria used in decision making

Loca

tio

n o

f

ve

nd

or

Ne

w o

r 2

nd

ha

nd

Ye

ars

in

se

rvic

e

Sta

te

Act

ion

Ra

diu

s,

m

Ste

ep

est

slo

pe

,

de

gre

es

Tra

nsp

ort

cap

aci

ty,

ton

s

Pri

ce,

Th

ou

.Eu

ros

(ba

sic

off

er)

Criteria

Code K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8

Relevance

of criteria 1 3 5 4 7 6 8 10

Options Score

Option 1 4 1 3 1 9 10 1 4 197

Option 2 7 10 10 10 1 6 5 1 220

Option 3 1 1 1 5 10 4 1 7 201

Option 4 10 1 1 5 9 1 10 10 287

Some other criteria (e.g., availability of spare parts, operating easiness) have been neglected since all the options comes from the Western EU producers and are very similar in operation. Spare parts will be a problem for any final selection. The final step was to devise a score for each option by adding the products of each Option score by the relevance of the criteria. The result is a kind of weighed mean that takes into account all the criteria, with their attributed relevance. This is a typical Multiple-Criteria-Decision-Making problem. From the 4 options portfolio of different offers (see below), RITMIC has chosen Option 4, the truck+cran+trailer, having the highest score and that constitutes an integrated equipment allowing collecting and transport of wooden waste from remote places in the forests. Description of the Investment

A second-hand DAF (Dutch) truck+crane+trailer was purchased, having the following main technical specifications:

1. lifting moment: 134 kNm; 2. rotating moment: 30 kNm; 3. rotating range: 425º; 4. action radius: 9,5 m; 5. working pressure: 225 bar; 6. overall mass of the truck+crane: 2.430 kg; 7. hydraulic crane: articulated; 8. maximal payload: truck: 20tons, trailer:20 tons.

Planning of the Investment in connection to other Company activities

The forest greifer was purchased by RITMIC company from SC GAMA ALCOVIN (another Company in the Suceava County), at the end of June 2010. The investment was carried out in two steps.


As the equipment was a second-hand one, RITMIC has immediately invested in its repair and maintenance:

- revising and repair of the hydraulic installations of the crane - new tyres - repairing the clutching system of the engine - other minor interventions at the equipment engine.

All these repairs were a condition for getting the system fully operational, were included in the investment and partially covered by the financing scheme of the ESD Project. The tables below detail all the element of the investment already carried out in the ESD Project, at the Ritmic Company. Currently the equipment is fully operational and has started its mission: collecting wooden debris from across the surrounding of the Ilisesti village and providing, in this manner, new quantities of raw material for the RITMIC business.

Description of operator:

Project partners are SINTEF (lead) and ECOIND, supported by a grant from Norway through the Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic Growth and Sustainable Development in Romania.

IDN have leased out Project Manager and other experts to SINTEF. ‘The project is a sub-project under ESD Romania funded by Norway Grants and administrated by Innovation Norway .SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC in following areas:

Cost and added value estimates for processing of the wooden waste.

Energy and material balance for wooden waste processing in the briquetting facility.

Implementation of selected environmental Technology, and Insight into Norwegian approach to cleaner, environmentally friendly forest exploitation and wooden waste treatment.

Investment in and upgrading the state of the art solution for collecting wooden waste from forests, river banks, country roads, etc. in the purpose of cleaning the environment and transport the wooden waste to a special processing facility.

Environmental Benefits

Enviro impact of sawdust. Essentially, wooden debris and sawdust are organic matter that, in principle, should not pollute the environment. Indeed, sawdust is used in many instances to improve soil texture, along with nitrogen containing fertilizers, manure, lime, etc.

But when left on soil, in large quantities, in the vicinity of water courses, this kind of waste is a heavy polluter. In Canada, a vast operation of assessing the environmental impact of sawmills has been found too costly for sawmills owners (5000-80000 Can$) so many small-operation sawmills have chosen to close rather than pay the Ontario Ministry of the Environment’s new fees for assessment and saw dust disposal (Canadian Geographic, 2009). Disposed of on soil, saw dust modifies drastically the soil quality and composition, by changing the Carbon-Nitrogen ration in soil. Bacteria that consume carbon from saw dust consumes also the Nitrogen (essential to plant metabolism) in soil, leaving less Nitrogen for plants.


The impact upon water is similar, bacteria that consumes carbon in celluloses from sawdust, exhaust the oxygen in the water, suffocating fishes and other organisms. Leachate from sawmills is produced by rainfalls, snowfalls or by water used by employees to reduce dust taken by the wind. Leachate gets easily in and pollutes the underground or nearby river / lake waters taking with it dissolved materials, including chemicals used to treat the wood. In addition, the process leaves the toxic lignin free in the water (lignin is a complex chemical compound, an integral part of the cell walls of plants that protect trees from predators while they are alive, but can leach into water and poison wildlife).

Virgin resources saved. As wood is the main fuel for households in the Suceava area (together with coal of rather low quality - lignite), the main benefit of using sawdust briquettes is sparing virgin resources (forests).

RITMIC Company estimates at 1600 tons per year wooden waste collected. The 1600 tons of sawdust collected and processed per year come from renewable resources and means 1600 tons less virgin wood needed for domestic uses, i.e. 9.2 ha virgin forest saved (at a rate of 218 m3 tree volume per hectare, cf. Romanian Forests, 2009).

The biofuel produced (wooden briquettes) has the characteristics shown in the following table.

Characteristics Sawdust (dry solid)

Gross Calorific Value (kcal/kg) 4769

Relative humidity, % 0%

Volatile organics, g/kg 85,9

Sulfur, % 0.02

Ash, % 0.46

Density, kg/m3

Geometry

For reference:

Gross calorific value of:

Coal (lignite, young bituminous coal) delivered for domestic fuel, 10% water)

ca. 6000 kcal/kg

Fuel oil 8000 – 10400 kcal/kg

Methane 13200 kcal/kg

Ethanol 7208 kcal/kg

Fossil fuels saved. For a year operation, at a rate of 1600 tons sawdust processed, the synergy leads to economies of:

- 536 tons methane (ca. 750000 m3 STP)

- 1184 tons coal

- 688 tons fuel oil,

or 984 tons ethanol (seen as a future substitute for fossil gasoline)

Greenhouse gases (CO2). The advantage of the wooden briquettes is that they are, practically, carbon neutral (Illsey et al, 2007). The contained carbon is benign (it is not coming from fossil sources but from the existing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, processed by trees during their life time). So, the carbon dioxide emitted by wood combustion does not add to the overall greenhouse gas


concentration in the atmosphere.

Indeed, one of the most important EU energy projects is to turn wood in ethanol, considering wood as a benign source of carbon dioxide and adding the possibility of using the existing piping network and gas stations for delivering liquid ethanol, instead of fossil gasoline or solid wood.

Following the figures in the table above, every 1 kg of wooden briquettes is equivalent to and replaces the dioxide carbon of fossil origin produced by:

- 0.3367 kg methane (0.47 m3 STP)

- 0.7405 kg coal (lignite)

- 0.43 kg fuel oil.

Other pollutants.

As mentioned, coal is, along with wood, the main fuel use in households across Suceava County. Coal contains large quantities of sulfur and traces of heavy metals (in ash).

Gases that generate acid rains (SOx):

- 1600 tons of sawdust processed and burnt produces only 64 kg SOx

- The equivalent quantity of 1184 tons of coal with approx. 1.5 % Sulfur (Clean Coal, 2009) produces 35000 kg SOx.

Even if this SOx is captured as dry gypsum – CaSO4, this means approx. 77000 kg CaSO4 that adds to the solid waste produced. The advantage of burning briquettes is obvious.

Heavy metals:

- ash from burning briquettes does not contain heavy metals.

- 1184 tons of lignite (low quality coal) with up to 45% ash, dry basis (Clean coal, 2009) leads to 500-530 tons of ash to be sent to damping areas. These ashes contain important quantities of heavy metals (Vanadium, Chromium, Nickel, Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, etc.) that pollute the environment when deposited in large quantities. Using briquettes instead of coal totally reduces these hazards.

- Chlorides, Mercury, NOx are also heavy pollutants generated by burning coal and inexistent during briquettes burning.

Milestones of

implementa-

tion

The business idea came from the observation that people in the County (situated in an under-developed region of Romania) have problems getting low-cost fuel and from the fact that Suceava County is rich in forests that are exploited intensively, though not sustainably, after 1990. Wooden waste pollutes currently the roadsides, river banks, forests outskirts, etc. and is available at no cost at many locations, across the Suceava County.

In August 2009, The County Forest Authority of the Suceava County issued a letter addressed to the RITMIC Company. The letter mentioned the huge problems confronting the Forest Authority, because of the wooden waste left on site by timber companies active in the Suceava County. Such waste not only infests the forests, cause diseases to trees and bushes but provokes soil and water pollution.


Lignin, the main constituent of the wood is a very slow decomposing chemical. Bacteria that can digest lignin or cellulose in the soil or water need also large quantities of nitrogen and oxygen. In this way the carbon-oxygen-nitrogen balance in the soil and the oxygen balance in running waters are deeply affected. Fish population and other endemic animals or plants are affected, as a consequence.

Apart of the direct environmental impact produced by decomposing wood upon the health and quality of the forest, large quantities of trunks in the stream valleys constitute dams stopping the flow of water , generating the risk of flooding and landslides for the neighbouring communities.

The local Environmental Protection Agency and the Local Environmental Guard put pressure upon the local Forest Authority to clean the forest of biomass waste (see photo below).

Trunks and branches left on site by timber companies, near Ilisesti, blocking a

stream.

The cited letter of the Forest Authority asked RITMIC for help in cleaning the forests from waste and use the biomass in the technological processes implemented at the RITMIC facilities in Ilisesti.

The problem was that RITMIC lacked the right equipment to carry on such a job.

This is the point where ESD came in, with its support.

The ESD Project offered to Ritmic the possibility to acquire a special mobile crane + truck + trailer system that could go into the forest, in far and remote places, collect the wooden waste and shuttle it to the Ilisesti briquetting facility.

RITMIC already owns a state-of-the-art facility for briquetting sawdust. It lacks the equipment to collect and transport biomass waste from woods (trunks, branches, wooden debris).

SINTEF and ECOIND offered technical support to RITMIC to find the right equipment needed.

During the first phase of the ESD Project, the services offered to the RITMIC Company included:

1. Selection of the RITMIC Company and preliminary discussions with the RITMIC management.

2. Evaluating the business potential and the environmental impact of an ESD Project having RITMIC as a partner.

3. Identification of the RITMIC business that could be inserted as a partnership in the mainframe of the ESD Project.


4. Literature survey to identify the feasibility of the Project. This included also current EU and Romanian legislation that encourages, as already mentioned, use of renewables.

5. Preparing the Specifications of the ESD Contract. The focus was to identify and develop a sustainable, environmentally friendly, up-to-date business that increases the value of waste, turns waste into resources, bring benefits to local communities in an innovative way.

6. Technical assistance in choosing the right equipment. 7. Technical support in preparing financial documentation for

reimbursement (stage 1 and stage 2, as mentioned in the 2 tables above). 8. Collecting technical data about the briquetting factory and about other

alternatives for adding value to the wooden waste using existing or future RITMIC facilities (To be used in devising the future sustainable strategy of the RITMIC Comp).

9. Communicating with the communities in order to disseminate the ESD Project and increase the impact of the ESD Project.

10. Measurements and analyses have been already started (see tables below) and will continue: -for devising specific consumptions of materials and utilities (energy in the first place) in the RITMC facilities, in order to obtain objective date for the impact of the ESD Project -for evaluating the environmental impact of the briquetting factory (ash analyses, ash being the only waste form the technology).

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

Collecting and reintroducing wooden waste in the economic circuit adds good economical value to a renewable resource

The synergy adds important quantities of renewable biomass fuel to the market, at a convenient price. The uniform geometry of the briquettes enables operation of high efficient small scale stoves / boilers (e.g., down-draught burners with practically no dust emissions). This reduces the quantity of fuel needed, saving money for the households.

The project keeps the actual jobs in the organizations and contributes to its social role.

Cleaning up the landscape with the help of the purchased equipment will contribute to the touristic attractivity of the area. Local administration saves money by using the cleaning service offered by RITMIC Comp.

KEY ELEMENTS FOR SUCCESS

Investment phase

• Evaluating the business potential and the environmental impact

• Identification of the business that could be inserted as a partnership in the mainframe of the ESD Project.

• Literature survey to identify the feasibility of the Project. This included also current EU and Romanian legislation that encourages, as already mentioned, use of renewables.

• Identify and develop a sustainable, environmentally friendly, up-to-date business that increases the value of waste, turns waste into resources, bring benefits to local communities in an innovative way.

• Technical assistance in choosing the right equipment.


• Technical support in preparing financial documentation for reimbursement

• Collecting technical data about the briquetting factory and other alternatives for adding value to the wooden waste

• Communicating with the communities in order to disseminate the ESD Project and increase the impact of the ESD Project.

• Measurements and analyses for devising specific consumptions of materials and utilities (energy in the first place), in order to obtain objective date for the impact of the ESD Project

• Evaluating the environmental impact of the briquetting factory (ash analyses, ash being the only waste form the technology).

Operation phase

In 2009, RITMIC has signed Contracts with the villages of Stroiesti, Ilisesti, Brasca, Balaceana, Ciprian Porumbescu (see map) for collecting and shuttling domestic waste to the nearby domestic waste dumping site. It is important to underline that in the area near Ilisesti there is no, currently, an ecological site for dumping domestic (municipal) waste. Several locations are under construction in the area whilst the existing older sites must be closed and ecologized along the Aquis Communautaire signed by Romania before entering the European Union in 2007. In order to reduce costs at the disposal site, domestic waste collected by RITMIC is subjected to a preliminary selection. Glass, metal, paper & cardboard, plastic selected in this way is directed to recycling companies. Currently, the Ritmic Company achieves an impressive 15-17% recycling of the domestic waste collected from the nearby villages. The current figure at the Romanian level is 1% (ANPM, 2009) and at the EU level, 28%. Table 3. A selection of business Partners of the RITMIC Company (biomass waste

providers)

No. Partner 1- OFFERS Quantity U.M Remarks

1 VECOVAS SRL 1600 tons

Estimated until End of ESD Project

2 ROTIL SRL 624 tons

3 DIVIP SRL 1408 tons

4 Iasimold SRL 334 tons

5 Romhribia SRL 281 tons

6 Marimold SRL 35 tons

7 Liamold SRL 35 tons

8 Forest Authority Suceava County

2-5000 tons

Estimated until End of Project by using the forest greifer purchased in the mainframe of the ESD Project

What should be

done

differently

The selected technology workable, the technology modification was not needed

Lessons learnt Life Cycle Considerations. Raw material for the briquettes comes from a insidious waste that currently pollutes the forests’ outskirts and water banks and courses in


the Suceava County.

The processing technology is environmentally friendly, uses biomass (wooden chips) as energy source and the only waste produced is the (benign) carbon dioxide that comes from the biomass burnt.

Once entering the market, briquettes are deposited and burnt. During their life time they do not produce any environmental hazard and their combustion produce benign carbon dioxide and small quantities of ash that can be used as fertilizer.

Waste diverted from landfill. As already shown, if the sawdust is not taken from where it is presently thrown away and processed, it will be left on soil, near water courses, and not in controlled damping areas. So the Project diverts some 1600 tons of waste from landfill every year

Overall considerations:

Biomass is one of the important energy resources of Romania. There will always be need for inexpensive fuel sawdust briquettes represent a solution to this need.

As the price of oil and gas will increase, biomass becomes the alternative at hand and the synergy presented here produces valuable biomass fuel from waste, resolving also important environmental problems, in the long term.

On the other hand, forest management in Romania does not fully comply with international and EU rules for sustainability. The obvious challenge is that in the coming years, the cost of raw wood could raise, once sustainable management policies are implemented, adding also to the costs of processing wood. Some of those costs will probably add to the cost of sawdust delivered in the framework of the synergy.

In addition, wood will probably no more be available for exploitation at a low cost as it is nowadays (when large quantities of wood are cut illegally) and many sawmills will probably have to close down.

Future environmental legislation will also make the small sawmills operation very difficult. Getting rid of sawdust produced is a priority and the identified synergy sorts out the issue.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

Replication of the Project is very straightforward to all location in Romania where biomass, wooden waste is available and constitutes a problem for the environment and could become a benefit for the community. The synergy is a good solution for improving the energy of small communities and limited geographic areas. It may be replicated in small communities across 28% area of Romania covered by forests. Knowledge needed:

• Regulations on the generation, transformation, recovery and disposal of wood waste

• Structure of wood waste generated

• Separate collection systems for wood waste

• Level of recovery and the main technologies and exploitation directions

• Identification of key companies involved in processing of wood waste

• Potential new forms of wood waste use and the possible increase of recycling level


Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best practice

are):

Knowledge on Products and Production processed Knowledge on Market and clients Stakeholder Analysis Knowledge on Environmental Challenges Experiences of using public support systems and financial instruments Strategy for development Role, place and impact of the acquired equipment in RITMIC technology profile. Investment options for possible development of the technological capabilities in order to increase wooden waste value. Knowledge on Planning of the Investment Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are): POSSIBLE REQUIRED COMPETENCES

• organization and leadership o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Understands how to use decision making to support mission o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external

environments

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes o Understands variety of approaches to decision making o Manages workflow o Formulates and analyzes budgets o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Manages information and technology o Understands project management

• collaboration o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects

• innovation o Able to manage change o Understands creative processes o Comfortable with risk taking

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics o Able to work well in teams o Self-motivated o Confident in handling new tasks o Flexible in assignments o Able to work under tight deadlines o Able to network effectively


• Communication skills o Able to present technical data o Knowledgeable about technical report writing o Understands proposal writing o Fluent in English


• Analysis / research skills o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Understands decision analysis o Understands economic modeling o Understands qualitative analysis o Able to conduct action research o Understands stakeholder analysis o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

• Planning skills o Able to do strategic planning o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning o Understands organizational design o Knowledgeable about project design and planning o Understands infrastructure planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Able to use statistical packages o Understands database operations o Skilled with internet/WWW o Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

NOVI AGRAR - BIOGAS PLANT AND UTILIZATION OF MANURE AND SLURRY FROM THE SURROUNDING FARMS

Basic data of investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Novi Agrar d.o.o., Location of investment: DCF Mala Branjevina d.o.o. , Mala Branjevina bb e-mail : [email protected]

Description of the best practice

• The works were carried out in the period from May to November 2011; excavation, construction, delivery and installation of equipment, electrical works, automation, commissioning, trial run, continuous operation.

• Constituent institution of the project - New Agrar Ltd. and DCF Mala Branjevina Ltd. (investors), UTS biogastechnik GmbH (technological equipment), Pro2 (cogeneration unit), HEP, HERA, HROTE.

• The aim of the project - an independent biogas plants and utilization of manure and slurry from the surrounding farm in property of institution

• The investment was financed through loans in the amount of € 4,000,000 / plant, OTP Bank

• Operating expenses of plant (including raw materials, maintenance, staff etc.) were of about 65% of the annual revenue of the facilities, while profits is about 35% of revenue

• External environmental gain could not be determined before the start of continuous operation mode, while the costs related to the investment were thoroughly reviewed and carefully analysed, so there was no breaking the investment budget

Milestones of implementation

• Feasibility study for an energy efficiency project • The preliminary design for the issuance of building permits • Location permit • Previous electric power permit (PEES) • Contracting technical documentation and project proposals


• The control and quality assurance (equipment, materials, assembly, testing) • Pilot testing and plant handover • Technical Overview

Why is this considered to be a best practice

• The use of organic residues from the production, manure and slurry (reducing the negative environmental impact).

• Employment • Creating added value • The development of an acceptable partnership with HEP • The development of an acceptable partnerships with equipment

manufacturers, delivering parts and general repair (UTS, Stalkamp, Strom, Pro2 • Construction work, installation of technological equipment, training of

personnel, probation, continuous operation.

Lessons learnt The organic residues and manure are converted to electric energy and does not represent a problem for the environment, digestate is good organic fertilizer Thermal energy is used for heating processes and ancillary buildings to plants, development of projects for more effective utilization of thermal energy.

Professional knowledge required for replicability

Knowledge in the field of farming, animal husbandry, microbiology, mechanical engineering, electrical and civil engineering

Skills / competences required for success

Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best practice are): - Estimated cost of construction and cost-effectiveness of investment in plant (Investment studies and analyzes). Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are): - Planning and organization of work required for the deployment of equipment to available space - Recognition of defects during assembly with the construction drawings and and timely revision of the detailed design.


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

STRIZIVOJNA HRAST - COGENERATION FACILITY BASED ON WOODEN BIOMASS COMBUSTION AND SWITCHYARD

Basic data of

investment

STRIZIVOJNA HRAST d.o.o.STRIZIVOJNA Braće Radića 82, 31410, Strizivojna k.č.br.1898,k.o.VRPOLJE [email protected]

Description of

the best

practice

Type of plant, air-cooled condenser Consists of a steam boiler, steam turbine, air-cooled condenser, heating stations and other equipment, turbo generator power of 3.3 MW el, Cogeneration significantly contributes to better energy efficiency by reducing environmental damage from conventional energy activities, uses the waste heat that always arises in obtaining electricity, not demanding but effective technology, suitable for use of multiple raw materials, (chips, pellets, briquettes) from the hardwood residues from technology, The chemical composition does not contain sulphur, - The ESCO model - financing through savings (HEP ESCO) Costs of investment – 15.000 000,00 €

Milestones of

implementation

- Feasibility study for an energy efficiency project - The preliminary design for the issuance of building permits - Location permit - Previous electric power permit (PEES) - Contracting technical documentation and project consortium TPK-EPO Zagreb and KIV Vrana Slovenia - The control and quality assurance (equipment, materials, assembly, testing) - Trial operation and takeover of the plant - Technical Overview

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

- Waste wood biomass as fuel is used for heat and electricity intended factory and village. Combustion does not contribute to SO2 and CO2 emission thus reduce glasshouse gas emission The development of an acceptable partnerships with equipment manufacturers, delivering parts and general overhauls (Siemens, TPK, KIV, Hamworthy ...). Equipment manufacturer's is also the contractor of installation of their own equipment, and personnel educator - Employment


Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

• Knowledge of raw material and its composition

• Knowledge of decision making process

• Knowledge of implementation process of an energy distribution investment

• Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to make a proper technology description for the tender

• knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures

• Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project finance

Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best practice are):

• Understands governance and administrative systems • Understands how to acquire needed resources • Demonstrated systems thinking ability • Manages workflow • Demonstrates financial analysis and management • Manages information and technology • Confident in handling new tasks • Flexible in assignments

Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are):

• Able to present technical data • Understands economic modelling • Able to analyse political support and opposition • Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis • Able to do strategic planning • Understands organizational design • Knowledgeable about project design and planning • Skilled in word processing • Understands spreadsheet usage • Skilled with internet

Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy technology initiatives 37

Chapter II.: Cross-border best practices in other renewable energy

technology initiatives

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

BUILDING OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT (220KW) IN THE CITY OF PLETERNICA

Basic data of

investment

Investor/beneficiary name: City of Pleternica Location of investment: Grad Pleternica E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.pleternica.hr/kontakt

• Telephone : + 385 34 251 046

• Fax: + 385 34 311 049



Main points:

• Small hydro power plant in Pleternica is the first power plant owned by the local self-government unit in Croatia (The city of Pleternica) and first Croatian small hydropower plant integrated in electrical grid. It is positioned on river Orljava that has a potential for installation of several more power plants of this kind. Electrical power of the plant is 220 kW, and it will produce 1.100 MWh of electrical energy per year and efficiency of 96 – 98 %. It has almost no effect on the environment. For comparison, this amount of electrical energy is sufficient to cover energy demand and cost for public lighting of entire municipality.

• The total investment in the project was around 5 million HRK, co financed by the City of Pleternica, Energy efficiency and environmental protection fund and the Ministry of Regional Development and EU Funds. Many procedural obstacles have occurred since many law regulations have changed in the process of project implementation which has started in 2006. Additional expense of the investment has occurred for environmental study, which at the end turned out to be unnecessary. The City of Pleternica had to establish the company to be able to gain the concession from the Croatian government for using the stream of river Orljava. After the testing period, the company has gained the status of eligible producer of electrical energy and has made a contract for the sale of electrical energy with the HEP (Croatian national electrical company) for the period of 14 years.


• This project will make a profit of 850.000,00 HRK per year, which is more than the annual cost for public lighting of entire municipality. Financial savings can be used for other capital project in the area, and at the same time it will help to contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions.


The key milestones for implementation of this project were 3. Obtaining the construction permits and many other approvals of different

institutions 4. Approval for concession for usage of river Orljava stream for building of

power plant 5. Making of environmental study for the project 6. Ensured sources of co-financing for the project 7. Screen best available technology and possible financing options on the

market by a preliminary market research 8. Based on the results of the market research prepare the technology

description and the financing plan of a possible tender in order to ensure a wide range of competitive bids, to be able to find the best value option for money

9. Prepare the complex tender document and organize its political acceptance

10. Implement the tendering procedure and select the most competitive bid 11. Finish the investment and assess whether the objectives and expected

results have been met.

What was the reason behind the technology option selection

• National company KONČAR was selected for production of the technical equipment since their long standing experience in construction of electrical equipment

• KONČAR has significant experience in European and world market. Since it is national company, their permanent presence and availability for technical maintenance is very important


Main points:

• This project is significant for the promotion of renewable energy projects and possibility for their implementation in small cities and municipalities

• It is a great example of cooperation between local self government units and national institutions

• Project has economically acceptable payback period of the investment and it is showing the example of good usage of natural resources and contribution to economic growth of the local area

Lessons learnt Since it was the first small hydro power plant, entire implementation of this project can be considered as a lesson. All the procedures, steps and activities have set the ground for implementation of similar projects in entire country.


• Knowledge of municipality decision making process

• Knowledge of implementation processes and procedures on national level




• Knowledge of tendering procedures

• Knowledge of public tendering Skills / Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best


competences required for success

practice are):

• Understands governance and administrative systems

• Understands how to acquire needed resources

• Demonstrated systems thinking ability

• Understands administrative law

• Manages workflow

• Demonstrates financial analysis and management

• Manages information and technology

• Understands project management

• Demonstrates skill in team building and management

• Capable of systems thinking

• Able negotiator

• Confident in handling new tasks

• Flexible in assignments Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are):

• Able to present technical data

• Understands proposal writing

• Able to write in-depth reports

• Understands economic modelling

• Able to analyze political support and opposition

• Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

• Able to do strategic planning

• Understands organizational design

• Knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Skilled in word processing

• Understands spreadsheet usage

• Skilled with internet


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

ESUS – ENERGY SELF-SUFFICIENT STREET LAMP

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Velenje Location of investment: Velenje E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://esus.si/

Description of

the best

practice

Main points:

• Public lighting is an area that recently is experiencing radical changes. New trends in the use of LED lamps are slowly but surely penetrating into our environments. ESUS – energy self-sufficient street lamp for its battery power exploits two types of renewable energy sources at the same time: it consists of a pole, on which is thin film photovoltaic (PV) module, at the top there is a smaller wind turbine. Both RES produce energy for the battery, which is located in the foundation, from where the LED lamps is powered.

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestones for implementation of this project were 1. Exploits two renewable energy sources; 2. Does not need electrical installation; 3. Operation does not have harmful impacts on the environment; 4. ESUS produce enought energy for powering 5 additional 35 W lamps; 5. Development and production is in Slovenia; 6. Increases the security of energy supply from its own resources.

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

• Public lighting requires certain autonomy of operation of each lamp, especially when it is not connected to the electric network. In the past the experiments have already begun with so-called solar lamps, which have been using PV modules for its operation. In winter time, when there was not available enough solar energy, their autonomy of operation has been significantly reduced and did not achieve sufficiently high standards. The movement of air masses that generate sufficient force to drive smaller windmills is increasing because of the high temperature fluctuations. Street lamps, which in addition of solar energy also take advantage of wind energy, represent an appropriate


development, especially in areas of limited electrical installation, in areas where it is not allowed to be fitted with electrical installation and in hard accessible areas.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

• The lamp is self-sufficient.

• Energy savings are up to 80 %.

• Use in town as in rural areas; Where is limited infrastructure of electricity; In hard accessible places, where is not allowed to build infrastructure of electrical installation.

Lessons learnt • ESUS lamp is still in the development stage. Despite to that, in Velenje are already 14 of such lamps, of which 12 are upgraded with an additional PV module that improves the autonomy of operation. At this stage the individual ESUS is capable of powering an additional 5 street lamps (power of 35 W) what additionally improves the overall economics of the lamp. A big advantage of ESUS is the use of passive infrared movement sensors, which recognize the moving persons and objects and react to changes of heat (infrared technology) up to a distance of 10 m.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

• Knowledge of selection of suitable RES technologies

• Knowledge of selection of suitable location for exploitation of RES

• Knowledge of available financing for the implementation.

Skills /

competences

required for

success

• Availability of the RES potentials (wind and sun) at the proposed locations for the implementation of the ESUS lamps.

• Understanding the technical data.

• Knowledgeable about RES exploitation and availability of the RES technology.


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

SPIRAL WIND TURBINE

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: LNG wind Kft. Location of investment8313 Balatongyörök, Zsölleháti köz 7. Zala County - Hungary E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.iwindpark.com

• Telephone : +36 30 6945 504


Description of

the best

practice

In the framework of the “Region's innovation potential development by supporting innovative start-up companies" application LNG wind Ltd. developed an innovative new domestic wind turbine blade spiral system. The nextrooeight represents a new generation of domestic wind power in the market. Resistance to wind generators and environmentalists from the perspective of the landscape matching the visual and aesthetic vision, limited to noise and interference. The blades of the lower-wiring of starting, projection in described the Fibonacci squares using the Fibonacci spiral is determined by the blade lines, such that the beam according to the Fibonacci numbers, quadrant per sheet is changing the spiral radius corresponding to the Fibonacci numbers proportions and, reaching the highest degree beam evenly in the bottom section of the upper section of the latches similar lines to the axis of rotation. The spiral lines and a compact design enables significant, due to the vertical axis of rotation and formal design of the blades utility of the structure is not affected by the prevailing wind direction, air movement in any direction less than able to exploit. The line of the further advantage that the design of the design result in low startup speed utilized such a rated power wind speed is significantly lower than the level of air movements of the apparatus. type: nextroo one Capacity up to 400 W It is a very slim device with a quadratic ground plan. Its supporting pillars are set


on the four corners outside of the rotor construction. Its appearance is neutral, it can be placed easily in any natural and built surroundings. The construction can be used as a grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar cells placed on the top of the windmill. nominal power: 400 W maximum rotor diameter: 380 mm total structural weight: 25.9 kg start speed: 2.0 m / s maximum speed: 45 m / s optimal speed range from 3.5 to 15 m / s nominal voltage: 12,24 and 48 VDC turbine micro-processor control, mechanical brake system pillar body made of stainless steel wing blade height: 2600 mm pillars layout size: 400 x 400 mm aero wing: GOE435 constructional height: 5990 mm hybrid system: yes / PV cell lifetime: appr. 20 years There are two highest system option: type: nextroo eight Capacity up to 2000 W It has an elliptic ground plan. The blades move on a spiral form with changing the radius around the supporting pillar. The mechanism is 6 ms high. The effective energy production was the main aspect during the construction. It can be used as a grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar cells placed on the top of the windmill. Speed range from 3.5 to 45 m / s type: nextroo nine Capacity up to 2000 W It has an elliptic ground plan. The blades move on a spiral form with changing the radius around the supporting pillar. The mechanism is 9 ms high. The effective energy production was the main aspect by the construction. It can be used as a grid-connected or an off-grid system. The energy is provided by the solar cells placed on the top of the windmill. Speed range from 3.5 to 45 m / s

Milestones of

implementation


1. feasibility study,

2. public tendering

3. project application

4. acceptance for financing, ,

5. starting of the works physical implementation

6. cooperation with the universities and researchers, labs, AutoCad experts

7. selecting the subcontractors, starting the operation

8. 3D printing, model creation

9. Business plan developing

What was the

reason behind

the technology

• Taking these into consideration managed to create an aesthetically pleasing, visually neutral structure that would not become a burden on the landscape, and thanks to its size and layout to be no adverse


option selection environmental effects.

• Complex feasibility study was prepared, which involved investment and future operation costs, income prognosis and evaluation together with technology option assessment

• The compact, small nextroo windmills with innovative form and design offer a new way for manufacturing the renewable energy. They are very practical, handy for households, smaller factories, schools. They can be connected to other kinds of constructions using renewable energy (like solar energy; heat pumps) and through these hybrid systems the using of alternative resources can be increased.

• The adoption of the technologies using wind and solar energy gives possibility to reduce or eliminate your dependence on grid electricity or to reduce your carbon footprint. From the renewable energy sources the wind-energy can be the cheapest to use and it goes with zero carbon-dioxide-emission. In this way it is the greenest energy.

• Probably a higher demand will appear from the household sector to complement the solar systems

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

Resistance to wind generators from the perspective of the environmental protection activities mainly focus on the landscape matching and aesthetic vision, limited to noise and interference and the birds protection. Taking these into consideration managed to create an aesthetically pleasing, visually neutral structure, and thanks to its size and layout could not become a burden on the landscape and will not occur harmful environmental effects, so it is an effective alternative to the already widespread renewable energy equipment.

In the national level in order to increase wind energy production, the development trend is not to plant only powerful, large and high wind speed required structures, but install the much smaller dwarf turbines in large numbers in the households. However, there is no doubt the potential of the vertical axis generators improvement opportunities, because of the very large advantage that they can be installed regardless of the wind direction. Because of the form and design nextroo domestic windmills offer an aesthetical solution if the nature and the sustainable development are also important. The Strategy Plan of Renewable Energy in Hungary reckons with spreading of wind farms and low-capacity-wind-generations (until3 KW). The last can produce power for electric network periodically (the plus produced by domestic micro-generators can be fed into the network and sold to the utility company, producing a retail credit for the micro-generators’ owners to offset their energy costs), but they are important first of all in the energy supplement of local communities. If the energy power is not enough, can set more equipment and make domestic wind farms.

What should be

done

differently

It is not too easy to implement the Fibonacci spiral by the 3D technology in a reasonable price, so it is needed to develop a suitable technology for a mass serial production. This topic causes some delays in the implementation and the market sales.

Lessons learnt The most effective solution - according to the model tests - if the baffles are placed in a spiral shape. Increased use of baffles in the structure when the hydrodynamic resistance, but the structure can be harmful vibrations may be


released. Caused by the blades of a wind power generation equipment hydrodynamic forces increase resistance to increase the stagnation pressure is desirable, so as to increase the level of the structure when torque is achieved only as a result of the blade form suitable sales documents. Placed in the path of the wind in the side vortex separation are created. If the vortex shedding periodically repeated the structure of the fixed-speed wind excite transverse vibration. The harmful vibrations may be released if we regulated the air flow. This is done with the surface of the structure placed baffles. Effectiveness of the use of wind power can be increased by applying the Fibonacci spiral lines with descriptive blade structures, as the training wing profiles outwardly directed the airfoil generates lift, but due to the ever-changing contours smoothly changing the structure of the forces. Interface providing the buoyancy affecting changes continuously along the wheel lines, and consequently the structure is continuously rotated by the wind from the direction of the coordinated work of mass inertia (momentum) caused by motion carry higher speed rotational movement ability, consequently, the electricity generation is more effective in of hitherto known methods.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

• Knowledge of project application

• Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme

• Knowledge of how to assemble a wind power and photovoltaic systems

• Usable god connections to the university labs

• Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors

• Knowledge of renewable energy market

Skills /

competences

required for

success



o Understands governance and administrative systems o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Able to gather and synthesize info on external environments

• management

o Able to analyse and design structures and processes o Understands administrative law o Formulates and analyses budgets o Understands project management

• collaboration


• innovation

o Understands creative processes o Capable of systems thinking o Comfortable with risk taking


o Able to work well in teams o Able to network effectively



o Knowledgeable about technical report writing o Understands grant writing




o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Understands economic modelling o Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation o Understands qualitative analysis o Able to analyse political support and opposition

• Planning skills

o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning

o Knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Computer skills

o Uses graphics packages

o Uses Geographic Information Systems

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

DEVELOPMENT OF GEOTHERMAL BASED HEATING SYSTEM

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Bóly Location of investment: Bóly, Hungary E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.Bóly.hu, varoshaza@Bóly.hu


Description of

the best

practice

Main points: 10 major technological establishments: Reinjection borehole’s extension, Prospect borehole’s extension, Pipeline’s installment, Heating center establishments, Pump – and Engine house establishments, Machinery of reinjection -and filtering engine facility, Machinery of production and control facilities, Electrical engineering establishments, Controlling facility.

EU accountable total

Ft % Ft %

Total Expense 407 750 506 100,00% 433 877 006 100,00%

Total financial subsidy 239 255 618 58,68% 239 255 618 55,14%

Withdrawn financial subsidy

239 196 941 58,66% 239 196 941 55,13%

From the EU 179 397 678 44,00% 179 397 678 41,35%

From the State 59 799 263 14,67% 59 799 263 13,78%

BM self-financed 95 702 250 23,47% 95 702 250 22,06%

Overall subsidy 334 899 191 82,13% 334 899 191 77,19%

Self-financing without BM

168 553 565 41,34%

194 680 065 44,87%

Self-financing with BM 72 851 315 17,87% 98 977 815 22,81%

Facility expenditure 390 970 506 95,88% 411 240 506 94,78%

The Operator of the whole project is the municipality of Bóly, there are no further parties are involved so consortium does not apply. There are contractors who are experts in their own fields but the overall beneficiary is the city of Bóly. Remarkable savings are provided by a shift from natural gas to geothermal energy. Within the project the reinjection well helps to have the cooled water reinjected into the ground – according to the Hungarian regulations - so recycling of the chilled water can take place in practice too. The estimated energy saving annually is 23.920GJ on natural gas.

Milestones of

implementatio

n

There are 26 milestones implemented in 6 major steps, namely: Project proposal, Planning & Permitting, Project launching, Realization, Finishing & Ratification, Fiscal pay-off .


What was the

reason behind

the technology

option

selection

• The geochemical gradient is extraordinary around the city and the quality of the thermal water is outstanding regarding its temperature. The city has free, well separated territory from public for the area of realization. Being a rural area it is crucial to find solutions for cost savings-this makes the energy consumption much less costly to the municipality as well as to the habitants.

• On institutional level all the properties are possessed by the local municipality except the children’s home which is owned by the county’s management. Barany county’s management has stated the will of using the heating system laying on renewable energy; therefore all the institutions in the city would switch to geothermal energy instead. The capacity of this project allows the city to ransom the current heating system to the new one in all the institutions mentioned previously.

• Due to 2-3x thinner lithosphere than WW average the mining is much cheaper here. There is a need for alternative solution since budgeting is getting tighter year by year. The total ROI is 8.5 years (280.700€ savings annually-given the total cost of 1.4 Million €(1.17milion€ as non reimb. subs.)) Fully automated system-can be monitored and maintained via internet. By realizing this project there will be 60% expenditure cut annually due to heat supply(appx.: 800.000m3 ). By involving all the public buildings the municipality enjoys full benefits of the development. Later the residual heat could be helped by involving the greenhouse related enterprises involved in the project too.

• Since the mayor has graduated in engineering he was capable to determine the city’s technological and financial capacity in line with the need of the city.

• The city gains great profit after the local business tax; therefore it is a giving back move from the municipality in order to compensate the high tax rate what is imposed on the companies in the industrial area. The high income allows the project to be run without any bank and its loan involved which is unique in this region.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

• The community is going to be leader in renewable energy use in Hungary, not to mention the cost savings what comes after implementation. Independence from the pricing issues of natural gas is the major advantage of such an investment.

• Having said that the mayor has the experience in this field as well as the skills to maintain a system like this (He also controls the system from the city hall)

• There is no further company involved, no partnership is needed. The entire project is carried out only by the municipality of Bóly.

What should

be done

differently

No delays have been reported according to the monitoring institution’s data Due to sophisticated planning there was no delay or need for change in planning. None of the case studies could indicate its futility or the negative impact on any level (environmental/society/etc). There was no place to any protest since at this point only the city and Baranya country owned properties are involved in the project.

Lessons learnt Based on the case studies and conclusion it can be stated that this is socially and also economically excellent project what come to reality perfectly. It would be useful to widen the service to the households, but in this case the municipality would become an energy service provider, whoch falls under specific regulations in Hungary. Therefore this service is not envisaged.


Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

The engineering skill is implemented as the mayor graduated as engineer. Also the required computer skills are present in the city hall. The city has already adopted the technology due to existing project hence the particular progress is not a stranger among the project management. Financial and logistical issues are also taken care by the management and their success is granted due to previous projects like this.

Skills /

competences

required for

success

General computer skills are gained as well as the specific engineering one too. Of course, specific jobs were outsourced to the respected organizations in order to keep the quality bar high. Luckily for the maintenance there is no need for further external involvement, all the jobs can be done by the locals.

COMPETENCES

• organization and leadership o Understands governance and administrative systems o Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute

resolution o Demonstrated systems thinking ability

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes o Understands administrative law o Formulates and analyzes budgets o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Manages information and technology

• collaboration o Adept in coalition building

• Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics o Able to work well in teams o Self-motivated o Confident in handling new tasks o Able to work under tight deadlines

SKILLS:

• Communication skills o Able to present technical data o Understands grant writing o Understands proposal writing o Able to write in-depth reports

• Analysis / research skills o Able to do population projection/forecasting o Understands demographic analysis o Knowledgeable about statistical analysis o Understands decision analysis o Understands economic modeling o Able to analyze political support and opposition o Understands stakeholder analysis o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis


demographic) o Able to do strategic planning o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas


o Knowledgeable about project design and planning o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Understands spreadsheet usage o Understands database operations o Skilled with internet/WWW o Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

PV NET – PHOTOVOLTAIC METERING SOLUTION

Basic data of

investment

• Web: http://www.pvnetmetering.eu/

• Financing: For the pilot projects the financing is from the EU fond (85%) and in the future it is considered to be obtained by the users themselves.

Description of

the best

practice

• Photovoltaic (PV) power plants no longer need support from Feed-in-Tariffs (FIT). On the other hand, smart net metering can now allow cost-effective RES incorporation into the energy mix. This project addresses the design of energy policies and strategies in the Mediterranean area for cost-optimized utilization of RES and it involves smart energy management schemes, in particular net metering, to provide economically sustainable alternative to government FIT subsidies. Technical solutions of pilot smart net-metering installations with remote data access have been developed and implemented in the residential houses in Cyprus, Portugal and Slovenia. The main focus of this paper is to present the analysis of the current situation on the field of production of electrical energy from PV power plants in the Mediterranean area, the analysis of energy prices, the development of the technical solution with pilot net metering installations and the data analysis.


Milestones of

implementation

• Development of new technologies on RES exploitation.

• Introduction to NET metering of energy (consumption and production).

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

• Feed-in-tariff has (FIT) been adopted to the majority of the EU countries as cost effective measure to increase the number of installed photovoltaic (PV ) systems at the time when PV technology was not competitive.

• Today, the FIT offers lower incentives, because PV technology has become more competitive.

• Smart net metering can be a very good solution offering the possibility of measuring and managing the electrical energy consumed in buildings by subtracting the energy produced with the installed PV system.

• The obtained real time measurements with developed measurement system:

1. confirm the good tracking of the parameters related with PV power plant production including environmental parameters,

2. allows optimization in order to increase the energy efficiency and reduce the bills.

• A series of pilot smart net-metering installations serves to provide long-term data: 1. the further analysis can be done by means of classical statistics (mean

value, standard deviation, variance, skewness) 2. even more important clustering data into different time frames

(hourly, daily, monthly) with the goal of discovering all possible optimized net metering schemes can be done.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

• The obtained real time measurements confirm the good tracking of the parameters related with PV power plant production and allows optimization of PV systems in order to increase the efficiency and reduce the bills. A series of pilot smart net-metering installations serves to provide long-term data. With these data the further analysis can be done by means of classical statistics (mean value, standard deviation, variance, skewness) and even more important clustering data into different time frames (hourly, daily, and monthly) with the goal of discovering all possible optimized metering schemes. Pilot installations show that it is possible to handle the energy generated by PV through smart management of electrical energy supply and demand and thereby encourage an adequate and efficient use of PV. Expected long-term impact of this project is improved access to information which improves the knowledge and competences concerning the technical aspects and public administration of more widespread adoption of PV and other RES.

What should be

done

differently

• Two options are considered: 1. Use of existing measurement system with expended measurement system

(intelligent houses). 2. Creating the cheaper version of the measurement system

Lessons learnt • Data on energy production of the PV plant on the building and the energy consumption of the same building in 15 minute intervals considering the environmental data (ambient temperature, PV module temperature, wind speed, etc.).

• Sustainable development and more efficient renewable energy sources (RES) exploitation in the Mediterranean area – maximize the energy efficiency in buildings – define net metering;

• To propose net metering solutions to the utilities and the energy


regulatory authorities;

• To support existing initiatives and EU policy on RES in the most cost-efficient way;

• To analyze the PV potential and structure of energy bills in Mediterranean area.

• Distributed, energy efficient, smart-grid electricity generation environment;

• Research of different domestic energy consumption and production profiles in Mediterranean countries;

• Development of the technology for monitoring a wide variety of environmental parameters, energy parameters at the same time instants (every 15 min or less).

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability



• Optimization of production and consumption of energy.

• Signal processing.

• Measurement system design

• Data analysis

Skills /

competences

required for

success



• Prices of the energy.

• Analysis of solar potential and other weather parameters.

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

VELENJE - DISTRICT COOLING SYSTEM FROM DISTRICT HEAT SUPPLY

Basic data of

investment

• Investor /beneficiary name: Municipality of Velenje, Communal company Velenje

Location of investment: Velenje E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Communal company Velenje

• Web: http://www.kp-velenje.si/

Description of

the best

practice

Main points:

• District absorption cooling enables the use of hot water from the district heat supply to produce coolness in summer months. Absorption cooling technology is environmentally friendly procedure, which for production of coolness in the facilities consumes five times less electricity compared to locally installed electric compressor aggregates.

• One of the first such systems is placed in Municipality of Velenje where it is possible to supply the coolness to almost all public facilities in the direct centre of the city.

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestones for implementation of this project were 1. Sound R&D results (not yet mature enough for application 2. Working prototypes (the technology works in labs as a prototype, further

efforts are needed for practical applications in real life conditions); 3. First industrial application (applied by leading actors); 4. Widely used technologies (the technology is used by many actors on


global/EU level, but hasn’t been applied in the respective region/city). 5. Operation does not have harmful impacts on the environment.

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

• The production of coolness from the absorption system increases the exploitation of district heating in the Municipality of Velenje and enables the exploitation of heat energy also in summer months. With that the system of district heat supply in the Šaleška valley was upgraded to trigeneration procedure as with primary production of electricity are also produced heat energy and coolness. The district system enables the increase of exploitation of the system, reduced energy use compared to individual cooling units and increases the living and working environment.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

• District cooling in Municipality of Velenje has been operating since 2010. In facility of Municipality of Velenje was in summer 2010 sold 25 MWh of cooling energy and 41 MWh to consumer New Bus station – total area for the cooling in both buildings amounts about 6.000 m2 The average selling price of cooling energy in 2010 amounted 0,1979 EUR/kWh. For all consumers of cooling energy is ensured 15 % more competitive price of

supply with cooling energy from system ADH than they otherwise would

have with the construction and operation of their own local electro

compressor cooling systems.

Lessons learnt • The implementation of the project and connection of two costumers of cooling energy Facility Municipality of Velenje and New Bus station influenced on the efficient energy use.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability



• Project management.

• Public tendering.

Skills /

competences

required for

success

• Availability/knowledge of the data of the selected buildings.

• Availability/knowledge of the data on energy consumption of selected buildings.



• Prices of the energy.

• Calculation of the future energy consumption and energy savings.

Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives aiming energy efficiency 54

Chapter III.: Cross-border best practices in refurbishment initiatives

aiming energy efficiency

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

REFURBISHMENT OF LJUDEVIT GAJ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN OSIJEKA

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: City of Osijek with partners, IPA CBC HUHR funds Location of investment: Osijek-Baranja County County E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.osijek.hr/ and http://www.chee-ipa.org

• Telephone : 031 229 222

• Fax: 031 229 180


Description of

the best

practice

Main points:

• City of Osijek has above 30 primary schools under its governance. Most of them were built 50 to 70 years ago. These kinds of buildings are, according to conducted energy audits, great consumers of energy.

• Through the cooperation with other partners on the project and applying for IPA CBC funds, the City of Osijek ensured refurbishment of one of the elementary schools in Osijek making it more energy efficient through improving its insulation. The energy class of building that was selected for refurbishment was G. The walls of the building were insulated with 16 cm of insulation material, the roof with 20 cm of insulation material and new doors and windows with excellent coefficient of heat transfer were installed (Uf=1.0 W/m2K, Uf=1.1 W/m2K). All of this was conducted to ensure energy savings of the building up to 70%.


• The total amount of investment into this activity of the project was 951.082,97 HRK, from which 618.375,00 HRK were funded by EU and the rest of 332.707,97 HRK were invested from the City budget.

• Significant energy savings are accomplished by implementation of this project.

Results before the refurbishment: Wall: U = 1,89 W/m2K

Doors: U = 2,8 W/m2K

Windows: U = 4 do 5,5 W/m2K

Floor: U = 2,2 W/m2K

Cieling: U = 3,55 W/m2K

Results after refurbishment: Walls: U = 0,19 W/m2K

Doors: U = 2,8 W/m2K

Windows: U = 1,1 W/m2K

Floor: U = 2,2 W/m2K

Cieling: U = 0,35 W/m2K

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestones for implementation of this project were 1. Assess the possibilities how to address energy efficiency principles in the

refurbishment of local existing school buildings, make the political decision and delegate task to municipality professionals to start preparing a solution for the problem, define the objectives and expected results of this measure.

2. Screen best available technology and possible financing options on the market by a preliminary market research

3. Based on the results of the market research prepare the technology description of a possible tender in order to ensure a wide range of competitive bits, to be able to find the best value option for money

4. Ensure funding of the project - prepare a project of good quality which could be applied for EU funding

5. Prepare the complex tender document and organize its political acceptance

6. Implement the tendering procedure and select the most competitive bid 7. Prepare the refurbishments of school and ensure the professional

monitoring of the process during the implementation 8. Finish the investment and assess whether the objectives and expected


What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

• The building and reconstruction had to be made according to low energy standards to achieve the energy efficiency of the building. Because of the lack of funds for the refurbishment, only the main building of the school was refurbished and only the outer shelling of the building was improved.

• Preliminary energy audit was conducted to set the control values of energy efficiency improvements which set the points of action to the investor.

• According to tender procedures, all the applicants were obliged to specify insulation materials, energy efficiency coefficient of the windows and the procedures of their installation (RAL was required).


Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

Main points:

• Since the building of new schools is much more expensive than refurbishing old ones, if and where possible, it is better to improve old school buildings and make them energy efficient. This example shows by which way this is achievable. It could also be an example for comparison whether it is more cost effective to build the new energy efficient school or refurbish an old one.

• Schools are huge energy consumers so every improvement that will lower energy consumption and related costs with less invested funds is a practice to follow.

What should be

done

differently

If there existed a possibility to include the refurbishment of heating and cooling system, it would have been important to include it in this project, but because of the lack of funds it was not possible to do so at the moment of application of the project. The heating system was changed (from oil to wooden biomass-pellets) through the other project (IPA CBC HR-SR).

Lessons learnt This was one of the first energy efficient refurbishments conducted in the City of Osijek and also the first which was funded through EU projects. The most valuable lesson was to learn the extent of the whole operation, the level of preparedness and the need for professional expert in every field of refurbishment – from preparing the project of refurbishment and the bill of quantities to conducting tender procedure and finally to professional monitoring of the works. Good preparation of all stages of the project is the key to success.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability


• Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment investment





• Knowledge of public tendering

Skills /

competences

required for

success


o Understands governance and administrative systems o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Understands administrative law o Manages workflow o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Manages information and technology o Understands project management o Demonstrates skill in team building and management o Capable of systems thinking o Able negotiator o Confident in handling new tasks o Flexible in assignments

Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice


are): o Able to present technical data o Understands proposal writing o Able to write in-depth reports o Understands economic modeling o Able to analyze political support and opposition o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis o Able to do strategic planning o Understands organizational design o Knowledgeable about project design and planning o Skilled in word processing o Understands spreadsheet usage o Skilled with internet


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

HOUSE RENOVATION WITH PASSIVE HOUSE COMPONENTS IN MYHRERENGA, NORWAY

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Norwegian State Housing Bank in cooperation with SINTEF, Building and Infrastructure Norway Beneficiary/Owner: Myhrerenga housing cooperative Location of investment: Myhrerenga housing cooperative situated 15 km north-east of Oslo in Skedsmokorset E-contacts (website, email etc.): Tor Helge Dokka, Sintef Byggforsk; and Michael Klinski; Myhrerenga Borettslag (Housing Cooperative) 2008 (in English). http://www.husbanken.no/Venstremeny/Miljo%20og%20energi/Lavenergiboliger/ ~/media/58B0C523C34B4845A535FBD9FAB9000E.ashx

Description of

the best

practice

Technology description:

Myhrerenga is a demonstration project within the IEA Task 37 Advanced Housing Renovation with Solar and Conservation, the connected Norwegian project EKSBO and a research project on upgrading of post war apartment blocks. After a two year long process, where both a conventional façade renovation and a renovation with Passive House components was considered, the cooperative decided to go for the ambitious renovation in February 2009. After a detailed design phase and a long contracting process, the construction work has started in February 2010. The renovation concept The renovation concept is based on the Passive House principles:

• Super insulated building construction (where possible)

• A building envelope with minimized thermal bridges and air leakage

• Triple glazed Passive House windows

• A high efficiency balanced ventilation system with heat recovery

• A simplified heating system


In addition the boiler house will be renovated, and the boilers will be replaced by a combined heat pump and solar system. Renovated construction The measures to reduce the transmission loss are:

• Blown in insulation in the existing roof construction (350 – 500 mm)

• Adding a 200 mm continuous insulation layer to the existing wooden construction and to the gable elements

• Adding a 100 mm insulation layer to the cellar ceiling, to “thermally decouple” the unheated cellar from the first floor

• All windows and doors are replaced with Passive House windows and doors U-values before and after renovation

Construction U-value before renovation W/m2K (calculated) U-values after renovation W/m2K (calculated) External walls main façade 0.40 0.12 External walls gable ~ 0.45 0.15 Roof 0.35 0.11 Floor construction* 0.58 0.23 Windows and balcony doors 2.8 0.80 Entry doors 2.7 1.20

* U-value included the thermal resistance of the unheated cellar. The façade surfacing will be stripped, and damaged insulation in the existing post-andbeam structure will be replaced. Bolted on the existing studs, a new vapour permeable façade construction will be added, consisting of oriented strand boards (OSB) with sealed joints, 20 cm unbroken mineral wool insulation and a new façade lining. Passive House windows will be placed in the insulation layer, fixed in the boards and studs and air tightened to the OSB by expanding foam caulking. The new balcony studs will be placed respectively on the outside of the façade and between insulation and façade lining. Due to the continuous layer of insulation on the outside of the existing construction, the thermal bridges will be reduced significantly. Both the vapour permeable façade and the non-ventilated roof solution are not common in Norway. Therefore, these constructions were discussed carefully in workshops. In addition, a test wall was built to quality assure mounting and sealing of windows in this construction. To avoid future moisture problems, the humidity in the wooden roof construction will be measured at some typical places after the renovation. Investment financial description:

The overall construction cost is 70 millions NOK, plus 4.5 millions for design and construction supervision. This includes new drainage and larger balconies. In total,these 74.5 million NOK are equal to 6 840 NOK per square meter, or about 850 Euros/m², including vat. The overall investment cost for the Passive House renovation is 20.7 millionshigher than for a conventional façade renovation. This is equivalent to 1 900 NOK or 235 Euros per square meter. Taking into account allowances of 6.4 millions, granted by the Norwegian energy agency Enova, the additional cost is reduced to 1 310 NOK or 160 Euros per square meter. The extra cost of the energy measures is calculated to be covered by the reduction in energy costs, even without subsidies. In fact, included the grants, the total monthly cost


for both the capital costs and the energy costs will be ten percent lower than with a conventional façade renovation. The overall monthly cost is calculated to 3 190 NOK for a one-bedroom apartment and 3 990 NOK for a two-bedroom apartment. This is 300 – 400 NOK lower than with a conventional renovation, equivalent to 40 – 50 Euros per apartment. In addition the indoor climate in the apartments will be substantially improved with regard to both air quality and thermal comfort. The value of the apartments is expected to increase. Description of operator:

The project : IEA –SHC Task 37 Factor five renovation project using passive house components OWNER Myhrerengahousing cooperative PLANNING AND DESIGN Ingvild Røsholt& SINTEF Building and Infrastructure PROJECT SUMMARY Renovation comprising: Building envelope Ventilation system New energy central and heating system SPECIAL FEATURES New facade insulation system “Passive House renovation”, assumed to reduce the overall demand of delivered energy from about 275 – 300 to 80 kWh/m² per year, and to cut the net space heating demand by 80 – 90 percent to about 25 kWh/m² per year. The overall investment cost for the Passive House renovation is 20.7 millions higher than for a conventional façade renovation. This is equivalent to 1 900 NOK or 235 Euros per square meter. Taking into account allowances of 6.4 millions, granted by the Norwegian energy agency Enova, the additional cost is reduced to 1 310 NOK or 160 Euros per square meter. The extra cost of the energy measures is calculated to be covered by the reduction in energy costs, even without subsidies. In fact, included the grants, the total monthly cost for both the capital costs and the energy costs will be ten percent lower than with a conventional façade renovation. The overall monthly cost is calculated to 3 190 NOK for a one-bedroom apartment and 3 990 NOK for a two-bedroom apartment. This is 300 – 400 NOK lower than with a conventional renovation, equivalent to 40 – 50 Euros per apartment. In addition the indoor climate in the apartments will be substantially improved with regard to both air quality and thermal comfort. The value of the apartments is expected to increase.

Externalities:

New ventilation system The existing ventilation system is a centralised exhaust fan system, where each exhaust fan serves 6 apartments. After renovation a centralised balanced ventilation system will be used, where the air handling unit (AHU) will be placed on the roof above each stair case. Each AHU will serve 6 apartments. Existing shafts and the old rubbish chute will be used as far as possible. The heat recovery efficiency of the AHU will be 82 – 83 %, and the specific fan power (SFP) will be 1.5 kW/(m³/s), fulfilling the Passive House requirements.

Milestones of

implementatio

n

A typical building renovation in Norway, as in most other countries, only deals with very modest energy measures. This can result in lost opportunities for decades. Myhrerenga is the first apartment house renovation in Norway which


uses Passive House components to reduce energy consumption and environmental impact dramatically. Myhrerenga housing cooperative is situated 15 km north-east of Oslo in Skedsmokorset and consists of 7 similar blocks, erected in 1968-1970, three storeys high with 24 apartments in each block. There are only two types of apartments, six one-bedroom flats with 54 m² living space and 18 two-bedroom flats with 68 m² floor area per block, in total 168 dwelling units. A façade in need for renovation, together with complaints about draft,cold floors and poor air quality initiated the renovation process in 2006. Since the buildings were in need of a major renovation anyway, the Norwegian State Housing Bank in cooperation with SINTEF suggested an ambitious “Passive House renovation”, which is assumed to reduce the overall demand of delivered energy from about 275 – 300 to 80 kWh/m² per year, and to cut the net space heating demand by 80 – 90 percent to about 25 kWh/m² per year. Myhrerenga is a demonstration project within the IEA Task 37 Advanced Housing Renovation with Solar and Conservation, the connected Norwegian project EKSBO and a new research project on upgrading of post war apartment blocks. After a two year long process, where both a conventional façade renovation and a renovation with Passive House components was considered, the cooperative decided to go for the ambitious renovation in February 2009. After a detailed design phase and a long contracting process, the construction work has started in February 2010. The housing cooperative has an administration and service agreement with USBL which is a housing cooperative company in Oslo. USBL is managing approx 26.500 homes owned by 566 housing co-operatives. It requires a 2/3 majority at the General Assembly of the respective housing cooperative to decide upon a renovation project. USBL was invited to participate in the EKSBO Project, which is a sub project to the Norwegian participation in IEA SHC Task 37. The technical director in USBL launched the idea of an advanced renovation project to the board of Myhrerenga Housing Cooperative. In USBL there was an internal scepticism regarding the feasibility of convincing a big housing cooperative to go for a high ambition renovation project. The main steps in the process were: • The housing cooperative had been talking about the façades for long time. • 2007: offer for renovating the façades • Fall 2007: 3 options were presented for the occupants • Waited 1 year for specified suggestions and calculations. • Several work meetings • Distribution of the final proposal to occupants • 29th of January 2009: General Assembly • Conclusion: Mandate to board 63,4 mill NOK (approx. EUR 8 mill) +/-15% The decision implies an ambition close to the Passive House standard.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

•Reduce the overall demand of delivered energy, cut the net space heating demand, increase energy efficiency and reduce costs. • Significant energy saving potential result in reduced energy costs. • Significant improvement in quality of indoor climate, comfort and temperature.


It also eliminates existing draught and moisture problems. It upgrades the quality of the buildings above the new building code. • Increased living space and balconies. • Increased aesthetics • Increase attractiveness and value of flats • Increased interest in media for sustainable solutions, such as “house of future • As this was the first pilot of advanced renovation of multi storey dwellings in Norway, extensive financial incentives from authorities was approved. • Also special financial terms from important building systems and components suppliers was approved. key elements for success

• Investment phase

1. Information gathering The obvious need for renovation of the façades of the buildings initiated an internal process in the housing cooperative to find good renovation solutions. In this work they were assisted by the technical department at USBL. The Norwegian Housing Bank contacted USBL in order to find potential high ambition demonstration projects. This idea was presented to the board of Myhrerenga Housing Cooperative. 2. Analysis Important factors which indirectly influence this market (PEST-Analysis): Political factors • Norwegian authorities are encouraging sustainable solutions– also incentives • Media focuses more on how to increase supply of more energy rather than on saving Economical factors • General strong purchase power • Relatively low energy prices • From overheated Norwegian economy to international financial crisis, which could change from “sellers” market to “buyers market” Social factors • The residents were a mixture of young and mature persons: o Starters; 20-30 years o Divorced, older singles;50-70 years Technological factors • Still little knowledge about sustainable solutions • Sintef Byggforsk is the main actor with competence in this field • New building code to be implemented only for new houses • Few existing examples of advanced renovation. The key actors 1. The board of Myhrerenga The board was well respected among the inhabitants in the cooperative. During the last years it was decided and implemented several cost savings measures. To be mentioned: • Trading on utility services • Closed down fridge room in the basement • Closed down washing room • Measurement system


The chairman and a second person in the board possessed both technical and organising skills. 2. The residents The people living in the housing cooperative may be seen as the customers of the board. The people living in Myhrerenga are either “starters” with no kids or “mature” single people. The majority has not lived there for a long time. Their basic need is a warm cosy home for a reasonable price, and the board’s job is to handle all types of issues in a housing cooperative.As each resident owns their share in the cooperative they also have an interest in increasing the value of the buildings, and in this particular case to reduce energy costs. Some also pay attention to non energy benefits, such as better indoor climate and comfort.

• Operation phase

USBL is the main supplier of services to the Myhrerenga Housing Cooperative. It is long term relationship, and includes mainly management services and planning of maintenance. In this project the technical department was involved in the analysis of the buildings (part of the maintenance planning) and project management. Sintef Byggforsk was hired to the project as the specialist regarding good renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency performance. Sintef Byggforsk had experience from a decision making process in a housing cooperative in Lillehammer, which concluded not to go for an advanced renovation solution. This gave important knowledge about possible pitfalls in how to communicate the message. The Norwegian Housing Bank and Enova (Norwegian Energy Efficiency Body) contributed with a beneficial financing package. The Norwegian Housing Bank also played a role as an informer at the start of the decision making process in the housing cooperative. Arkitektskap AS was chosen as designers of the buildings and the outdoor area.

What should be

done differently

The selected technology was workable The actors involved as well as the comprehensive research and analysis performed before selectig the technology gave a good result

Lessons learnt Strengths • The rent had been increased more than necessary according to existing payment obligations. As a consequence the cooperative had built some equity for new investments. • A high proportion of occupants had lived there for a shorter time, and had therefore other references for quality of dwellings. • An active and impatient board, with sufficient knowledge to understand the benefits of advanced renovation. • The board had a good standing among the residents, due to earlier implemented cost savings measures. Weaknesses • Buildings in a very poor condition (in respect to the renovation project this could also be seen as a ”Strength”). • The two board members who were the key actors had moved out before the decision of renovation was to be made.


Opportunities • As this was the first pilot of advanced renovation of multi storey dwellings in Norway, extensive financial incentives from authorities was approved. • Also special financial terms from important building systems and components suppliers was approved. • Significant energy saving potential could result in reduced energy costs. • Significant improvement in quality of indoor climate, comfort and temperature. It would also eliminate existing draught and moisture problems. It would upgrade the quality of the buildings above the new building code. • Increased living space and balconies. • Increased aesthetics • Increase attractiveness and value of flats • Increased interest in media for sustainable solutions, such as “house of future” Threats • Renovation costs could be too high • Based on experiences from planned similar project in Lillehammer, the decision making process with the requirement of 2/3 majority could stop the project. • Relatively low energy prices 3. Goal For the pilot project at Myhrerenga the goals were: • To realise a renovation project towards the Passive House standard. • Through reduced energy costs, grants and sound financing the rent not to be higher than by a traditional renovation. 4. Strategies These strategic choices were made for the launching of the idea to go for advanced renovation project at Myhrerenga:

- The two board members, who initially played a very important role, remained as board members until the decision was made although they had moved out from their apartments in the cooperative.

- An integrated decision making process with strong involvement of the residents.

- Building credibility by using the best technical expertise in Norway. - Design of a very good financing of the project. - Communicate the message that the net cost per month should not

be higher than by traditional renovation. It was presented only two options; advanced renovation and ordinary façade renovation. 5. Results and lessons learned Results In January 29th 2010, the General Assembly decided to give a mandate to the board to realise the project within a frame of 63,4 mill NOK (approx. EUR 8 mill) +/- 15 %. The total construction cost including supervision, enlargement of balconies and drainage work is now estimated to NOK 74,5 million. In February 2010 the construction started. The calculated net rent compared with a traditional façade renovation is as follows (source: Sintef Byggforsk): (NOK) 1-bedrooms 2-bedrooms Trad. Ren. 3.510 4.390


Adv. Ren. 3.190 3.990 The reason why the rent is estimated to be lower for the advanced alternative than a traditional façade renovation is due to: • Grant from Enova: NOK 6,4 mill • Lower rent from Norwegian Housing Bank (4,7%) compared with ordinary bank (5,7). • Reduced energy costs (based on energy price 0,1 Euro/kWh) Both types of renovation will also lead to tax deductions, which are not included in the figures above. Before renovation the rent was: 2-bedrooms NOK 3200,-(EUR 400,- /m) 1-bedrooms NOK 2700,-(EUR 340,- /m) The board estimated that the renovation would increase the value of a 2 bedrooms flat from NOK 1,4 mill to NOK 2 mill. Lessons learned • As the majority of the residents had not lived in the apartments for a very long time, they “knew” what to expect from a good apartment. In other words they were not used to and would not accept to live in such poor buildings. • Due to the rent policy the cooperative had saved some own funding for the project, and had established a rent level which made the additional increase less dramatic (approx. 20%). • The board as a team • Smart moves: o Chairman of the board is not directly involved o Always presentation for the board and challenging questions o Always positive atmosphere at the resident meetings o Make alliances with the critical persons o Presented only two options to choose between. In summary the main reason for the positive decision, was that it did not imply higher rent than they would have had to pay for an urgent needing façade renovation.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

Competence in good renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency performance. Ability to give the idea credibility. In depth knowledge about the technical challenges, while at same time communicate and act in a manner enabling ordinary people to easily understanding the message.

Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required in investment phase:

• organization and leadership o understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust o Understands governance and administrative systems o Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute

resolution o Understands how to acquire needed resources o Understands how to use decision making to support mission o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Understands organizational culture o Is sensitive to diversity and multiculturalism o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and

external environments

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes


o Understands variety of approaches to decision making o Understands administrative law o Manages workflow o Formulates and analyzes budgets o Demonstrates financial analysis and management o Versed in human resources management (hiring, retention,

development, career management) o Manages information and technology o Understands program management o Understands project management o Demonstrates skill in team building and management o Understands task analysis and job design

• collaboration o Adept in coalition building o Understands community building o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects


Key human competences required in operation phase:


REQUIRED SKILLS:

• Communication skills o Effective in public presentations o Able to present technical data o Able to facilitate groups o Knowledgeable about technical report writing o Understands grant writing o Understands proposal writing o Able to write memos under deadline o Able to write in-depth reports o Fluent in English

• Analysis / research skills o Understands cost-benefit analysis o Able to do population projection/forecasting o Understands demographic analysis


o Knowledgeable about statistical analysis o Understands decision analysis o Understands economic modeling o Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation o Understands qualitative analysis o Able to conduct action research o Able to analyze political support and opposition o Understands stakeholder analysis o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis


demographic) o Able to do strategic planning o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning o Understands organizational design o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas o Understands systems analysis and design o Knowledgeable about project design and planning o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Understands spreadsheet usage o Able to use statistical packages o Understands database operations o Uses graphics packages o Skilled with internet/WWW o Uses computer assisted cartography o Uses Geographic Information Systems o Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

SUSTAINABLE REFURBISHMENT OF MILITARY BUILDINGS – INCUBATOR-HOUSE AND INNOVATION CENTRE OF NAGYKANIZSA

Basic data of investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Location of investment: Buda Ernő utca, 19., Nagykanizsa, 8800, Zala County - Hungary E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.inkubatornk.hu

• Telephone : +36 93 510 137

• Fax: +36 93 510 138



The Municipality of Nagykanizsa Town of County Rank established the Industrial Park in the year 2000 which has been operating under the management of the Property Allocation and Service Provider Ltd. since 2009. The competitiveness of the Industrial Park lies in its unique geographical position since it lies alongside the European traffic corridors and the M7 motorway on more than 100 hectares. The Municipality of Nagykanizsa has established an Incubator and Innovation Centre inside the area of the Industrial Park. The aim of the project was to develop the Western Transdanubian Region since the data regarding its research and development in the light of the number of workers and expenditures are under the European average. The building with an area of 2496 m2 is able to host minimum 30 enterprises. The Business Incubator offers offices and workshops for rent on very reasonable prices. The Incubator and Innovation Centre officially opened on 25th November 2010. The former military barrack was reconstructed by the financial support of an EU co-financed regional operative program (NYDOP), and with the own contribution of the Municipality of Nagykanizsa. In the four-storey building on nearly 2500 square meters, rentals of 13-105 square meters are available. There are 30 to 46 offices / workshops to choose from in the building.


The aim of designing was to set up a building „with low energy demand” which is not that much widespread in Hungary. In line with this the designed building tries to meet the requirements below:

• -good heat insulation

• -high air solidness

• -mechanical or automatically airing

• -utilization of waste heat

• -meeting the remaining heat demand with renewable energy The constructions of the planned buildings were set up with insulation, which overdrives the Hungarian general requirements. The vertical walls are provided with 15 cm heat insulation (10 cm insulation outside, 38 small size brick wall, 5 cm insulation and 12 mm gypsum board inside), the floor with 25 cm while the flat roofs with 30 cm heat insulation. But the designed heat insulation is not sufficient to reach the goal of low energy level, the electricity and the mechanical engineering has also great importance. Gas-supply is supplied at the beginning period by the contracting service-provider, but on the long term according to the designer-program switch for biogas supply planned. The heat-centre of the building as well as the HMV water heater are located in the warm-up kitchen. Refrigerating and heating means first of all air heating-refrigerating, surface-adjustment plays because of its sizes only a complementary role. Heating of the rooms is low temperature surface-heating, located first of all on the ceiling. Heating temperature setup and control of the rooms are also solved by these surfaces. Ventilation designed in the building with modern ventilation equipment, which ensure fresh air fitted to the number of people who staying indoor and according to the users’ demand. In the reception there are on the electric- and mechanical engineering network access points, on which R&D activities rand heating electronic control can be found taken into the building energetic-system. The gas consumption is only 15.000 m3/ year, costs 5.000 EUR/year. Relation to the 2.500 m2 basic area, that the annual heating demand is only 6 m3 gas consumption per m2 per year, it means 180 MJ/m2/year or 50 KWh/m2/year. The “Passive House standard” requires that the building must be designed to have an annual heating and cooling demand as calculated of not more than 15 kWh/m² per year. So this building requires only 3,3 times higher, than the passive house, but it is 1,4 times less than the 70 kWh/m2/year “Low energy standard”. The larger rooms can be divided, so that the workplaces could be fitted to all needs. The building itself is equipped with modern energy supply system, offers a meeting room, and a conference room for up to 60 people (including translation equipment) for local and international event organizers. For enterprises, the Incubator and Innovation Centre offers offices for 3,0 EUR/m2 per month, with low overhead costs, free parking, free Internet.



1. public tendering to the regional innovation found “Baross Gábor”

2. feasibility study and architecture design and financial plans


3. public tendering to the regional found common with the municipality

4. acceptance for financing,

5. starting of the works the physical implementation

6. selecting the subcontractors, starting the operation

7. Marketing plan developing

8. cooperation with the regional incubators and innovation centres

9. cooperation with enterprise economic development organizations

What was the reason behind the technology option selection

• The building and reconstruction was made according to low energy

standards and legislation in field of construction

• Low rental and overhead cost building

• Disabled accessible building

• Advanced services for the entrepreneur promotion activities

• Good connections to renewable energy research and innovation

• Good transport possibilities, accessibility and parking places


The building was reconstructed as a low energy standard, but in addition the settled companies have chance to take advisory on business management, taxes, project development and tendering. Through partner network, financial and other services are also available. The basic and advanced services:

• renting of offices, workshops and conference rooms

• appliance renting

• office services

• business/tender/legal advisory

• advisory of innovation / research and development

• event organization

• translation and interpretation The three targeted strategic areas are: support of new businesses, innovation and economic development. Main focus is on activities related to renewable energy sources, information technologies and logistics.

What should be done differently

To involve into the house different researches in field of renewable energies:

• Industrial research, experimental development, creation of product innovation, half-works production

• Education, organising of professional forums, conferences and innovation of tourism

• Innovations in field of machine industry-technology

• Innovations in field of geothermal energy and water management

• Innovations in field of primer biomass production and automatic processing industry

• Research of third generation power supply system, and power supply in insel mode (with power of 3-5-10-15-30 kw)

To involve and implement the solar, geothermic and passive house technologies in the building reconstruction.

Lessons learnt It was helped by the Industrial Park but was the first incubator house and innovation centre implementation in Nagykanizsa as well and the project can be considered as a lesson. The project would not been implemented without the


regional innovation and the regional infrastructural improvement founds. The low energy building is a good possibility to shape and form the attitude of the entrepreneurs in connection the energy efficiency and saving furthermore the utilization of the renewable energy sources.



• Knowledge of heat insulation systems

• Knowledge of renewable energy technology possibilities

• Knowledge of best available technologies on the market for the tenders

• Knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures

• Knowledge of innovation and regional tendering possibilities

• Knowledge of financing options

• Knowledge of tendering procedures and public procurement

Skills / competences required for success



o Understands governance and administrative systems

o Understands how to acquire needed resources

o Understands how to use decision making to support mission

o Demonstrated systems thinking ability

o Understands organizational culture

• management

o Understands variety of approaches to decision making

o Understands administrative law

o Manages workflow

o Formulates and analyses budgets

o Manages information and technology

o Understands project management

• collaboration

o Adept in coalition building

o Understands community building


• innovation

o Able to manage change

o Understands creative processes

o Capable of systems thinking


o Able to work well in teams

o Flexible in assignments

o Attentive to detail

o Able to work under tight deadlines



o Effective in public presentations

o Able to present technical data

o Knowledgeable about technical report writing



o Understands economic modelling

o Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation


o Understands qualitative analysis

o Able to conduct action research

o Able to analyse political support and opposition

o Understands stakeholder analysis

• Planning skills

o Able to do strategic planning

o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning

o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas


o Understands transportation and infrastructure planning

• Computer skills

o Skilled in word processing

o Understands spreadsheet usage

o Uses graphics packages

o Skilled with internet/WWW

Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building initiatives aiming energy efficiency 73

Chapter IV: Cross-border best practices in sustainable building

initiatives aiming energy efficiency

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

BUILDING OF 6 ENERGY EFFICIENT ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN VIROVITICA-PODRAVINA COUNTY

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Virovitica-podravina County Location of investment: Virovitica-Podravina County E-contacts (website, email etc.):

• Web: http://www.vpz.com.hr/

• Telephone : 033 638-120

• Fax: 033 638-125

• E-mail:[email protected]

Description of

the best

practice

Main points:

• Virovitica-podravina County has ensured building and reconstruction of 6

“low energy ”elementary schools. The main characteristic of such buildings

is low energy consumption (less than 40 kWh/m2 per one year). It is

accomplished by using energy efficient components (insulated walls,

windows and doors with excellent coefficient of heat transfer) in

combination with heat recovery ventilation.

• The total amount of investment was 6,7 million kn, from which 1,2 million

kn was considered to be the investment in energy efficiency

o Environmental protection and energy efficiency Fund has financed

the project with 536.653,00 kn (around 45 %)

• Significant energy savings are accomplished by implementation of this

project. By comparison with construction according current regulations,

144.800 kWh of energy for heating and 29 tonnes of CO2 is saved.

Milestones of

implementation


1. Assess the possibilities how to address energy efficiency principles in the

operation of local schools, make the political decision and delegate task to

municipality professionals to start preparing a solution for the problem,

define the objectives and expected results of this measure.

2. Screen best available technology and possible financing options on the

market by a preliminary market research

3. Based on the results of the market research prepare the technology


description and the financing plan of a possible tender in order to ensure a

wide range of competitive bids, to be able to find the best value option for

money

4. Prepare the complex tender document and organize its political

acceptance

5. Implement the tendering procedure and select the most competitive bid

6. prepare the refurbishments of schools and ensure the professional

monitoring of the process during the implementation

7. Finish the investment and assess whether the objectives and expected


What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

• The building and reconstruction was made according to low energy

standards and legislation in field of construction

• According to tender procedures, the applicant had to estimate the

potential of energy and CO2 savings in comparison to energy consumption

of old schools in each municipality that the school was built in

• County has to monitor energy consumption and to send the reports to the

Fund and besides that, it is mandated by regulations in Law on energy

efficiency. By permanent monitoring of energy consumption it is possible

to determine the payback period of the investment.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

Main points:

• Since the education is the ground of prosperity and development, building

of new energy efficient schools is great example of good practice

• County has to ensure significant amount of financial assets to cover

energy expenses for public buildings, therefore the investment in energy

efficiency is the key of successful management

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability


• Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment

investment

• Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to

make a proper technology description for the tender


• Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project

finance


• Knowledge of public tendering

Skills /

competences

required for

success


o Understands governance and administrative systems

o Understands how to acquire needed resources

o Demonstrated systems thinking ability

o Understands administrative law

o Manages workflow

o Demonstrates financial analysis and management

o Manages information and technology

o Understands project management

o Demonstrates skill in team building and management

o Capable of systems thinking

o Able negotiator

o Confident in handling new tasks

o Flexible in assignments


Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice are):

o Able to present technical data


o Able to write in-depth reports

o Understands economic modelling

o Able to analyze political support and opposition

o Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

o Able to do strategic planning

o Understands organizational design


o Skilled in word processing

o Understands spreadsheet usage

o Skilled with internet

TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

NEW BUILDING OF AGRICULTURAL FACULTY IN OSIJEK

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Agricultural Faculty in Osijek Location of investment: Osijek E-contacts (website, email etc.):www.pfos.hr

Description of

the best

practice

Main points: The faculty building was built as a passive house in A energy class. The technology used and building material ensures that consumption of energy is almost same as in the old building that was three times bigger. The main savings comes from using heat pumps for heating and cooling as well as sensors that control lightning in the building. The most efficient and modern building material was used. This dramatically reduces the cost of consumption as well as CO2 emissions

Milestones of

implementation

the milestones were the choice of competent engineering design team and

willingness to use the most modern and the best quality building material

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

The reason for choice of these technology elements was to minimize the energy

cost of the operation of the building

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

This project is best practice because it can be used as prime example of passive building and energy savings in the public sector

Lessons learnt In order to build energy efficient public building, it is necessary to choose design

team that has experience in designing passive zero-energy buildings

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

Competent engineering team for passive house design

Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required

• management

o Able to analyze and design structures and processes


o Technical knowledge in designing passive buildings


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

SPORT ARENA/HALL “GRADSKI VRT” OSIJEK

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Republic of Croatia, Sportski objekti Osijek Location of investment: Osijek E-contacts (website, email etc.): http://www.sportski-objekti.hr/

Description of

the best

practice

Sport hall was design as energy efficient building from the start. Energy efficiency was ensured by proper design of building physics and optimization. The best construction material was used in the building as well as heating and cooling system is fully automatic. There is also energy monitoring system in the building

Milestones of

implementation

The key milestone was proper engineering design solution

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

To minimize energy operating costs

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

One of example of energy efficient building in public sector

Lessons learnt One of example of energy efficient building in public sector

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

Proper technical knowledge in designing energy efficient buildings

Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required: o Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and

external environments o Proper technical knowledge for design of energy efficient

buildings


TITLE OF

PROJECT / BEST

PRACTICE

RATI – OFFICE AND PRODUCTION PLANT WITH PLUS ENERGY POTENTIAL

Basic data of

investment

Investor /beneficiary name: Mr Attila Rajnai – RATI Ltd Location of investment: Komló, Nagyrét Str, 7300 E-contacts (website, email etc.): www.rati.hu 00/36/72/582-420

more pictures available: http://epiteszforum.hu/rati-a-gyarak-energiadesign-rolls-royce-a2

Description of

the best

practice

The first building in Hungary designed with the ENERGIA DESIGN® planning method is an industry and office building in Komló that was erected in September 2012. A research team, led by István Kistelegdi was responsible for the development of the special design methodology at the University of Pécs, Pollack Mihály Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, Department of Energydesign. The systhematic structured planning process was documented as an algorhytmic roadmap that conduct the planner through 21 steps to the end-station, resulting in a building with energy-plus balance. Such bildings are also called „active houses”. By application of this method, supported by dynamic energy, climate and aerodynamic building simulations, energy-plus building design become possible. The 2500 m2 net floor space building comprises a 10 m high storage hall and a production hall with offices and required sanitary rooms, which are organized through a central atrium to an overall complex. The facility also serves as an innovation center, complemented with a department of development and a multi functional cafe, conference and event room. The prefabricated reinforced concrete skeleton structure was constructed within 12 months with prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs and floating floor screeds, furthermore with brick wall structures. The opaq building envelope areas are isulated with 20 cm thick external PUR thermal insulation; the windows and curtain walls have standard 2-pane insulation glazings and other parts of the envelope consist of polycarbonate walls and opening structures. The complex consists of a unconditioned storage hall and a conditioned main building part -


this distribution is easy to observe from the east and west side of the building. The glass and polycarbonate skyligt towers equipped with three white pretensioned membrane disc structures are also responsible for the ventilation of the production hall. The operation of the building is basically determined by the climate, technical and energy concept. The spacial arragement was carried out by using the so-called climate zoning technique that organize spaces not only from the point of view of spatial functionality but also under the aspects of climate factors: rooms with similar climate requirements will be placed in climate zones, and as an end result an unconditioned storage block and a conditioned main building part were developed. On the south side of the building, the storage block protects the main building part from summer overheating, and also provides with its building envelope installation surface area for PV modules. Fundamental criterion was to ensure a low A/V ratio, as well as natural lighting and ventilation, which priniples were consequently achieved throught the complete building’s room organisation procedure and structure. Three natural ventilation and skylight towers supply the production hall, above which the central 2-torey atrium is arranged as a gallery with corridors. Here are also skylight illumination and passive ventilation provided. The upper, so-called „Venturi”-disc structures of the towers are aerodynamically optimized due to wind current accelerating Venturi-, respectively Bernoulli effects. In this way exhaust air is extracted with high efficiency form the production hall by simultaneously ensuring fresh air supply through the facade oprenings. The system is complemented with a night ventilation cooling in hot summer periods, when termal masses of the building can be thermally downloaded in an efficient way. The natural light technique is supported by 7 light pipes, which deflect solar radiation as vertical light „periscopes” into central, darker zones of the production hall. The building services system concept works with low temperature surface radiative, high energy efficiency floor and ceiling heating-cooling systems. On the one hand heating and active respectively passive cooling energy is provided by heat pumps, ont the other hand air handling units (AHU-s) of the mechanical ventilation are able to heat recuperation due to its crossplate-heat exchangers. The energy supply is achieved by a 100 kW geothermal earth probe system, by a more than 1 km long earth-air heat exchanger (according to our informations it is the longest hungarian near surface earth-air collector), as well as by thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic PV Modules. The climate concept’s dominating elements are seasonal ventilation operation modes in the production hall and the towers. In heating period the AHU-s are active, up to 60% heat recovery is provided, whereupon the towers serve as huges air ducts in the mechanical ventilation system. In cooling season the mechanical ventilation system delivers air supply and the towers ensure exhaust ventilation, whereas in transition periods solely passive ventilation is provided with the exhaust towers and supply facade openings. The buildings specialty is to guarantee high indoor comfort environment by minimized energy consumption: while the theoretical model delivered energy-plus balance, for financial reasons the implemented building could be only equipped with 51 PV panels, resulting a low energy building with energy-plus potential. Because of the PV limitation, instead of 420 PV modules, only 51 were installed, hence the building delivers the desired energy balance only in case of completion the originally designed PV system. Based on the measurements of the existing PV system specific calculations predict with the complete, planned PV


system sufficient values of an energy-plus balance, thus we can say that the building possesses an energy-plus potential, based on measured data. Still in plan form, the project became a Holcim Awards for Sustainable Construction in 2011, shortly before beginning with the construction on site. The development of the prototypical building was carried out by applying the special design technique: climate zoning based space arragement, climate strategies, different calculations, complex energy and climate building simulation modeling, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations and aerodynamic wind tunnel experiments. The building was nominated by the „World Green Building Council, 2013 Leadership in Building Design and Performance” and won the Artifex Publisher’s regional „Quality in Building Halls - Hall Grand Prix”, awarded by the professional jury, as well as a second Prize was also awarded from the audience. With integration of the building’s appearance characteristically determining, unique passive ventilation towers with cooling effects, and the „Venturi” disch structures, which work as boundary layer accelerator deflector elements, furthermore the low temperature surface radiative heating-cooling passive hybrid wood-lightweight concrete prototype balustrade structures, the building is not only novelty in the design process, in the overall system and in the sesonal operation modes, but also in its structural solutions. The building can also be observed as a working, implemented prototype of sustainable architecture that represents a new kind of architectural quality: similar to the car, machine, technical industries and IT sectors, where the fact is basically accepted that forms and appearance of particular products are intensively related to their performance; the particular geometries, forms and structures of the RATI building are also related to their high efficiency performan-ce, so in this way the appearence of the building is the logical consequence of the maximal energy efficient structures, subsystems and overall system constellation used and developed in the project. The building serves also as an experimental demo building, where a high resolution MMS (mobile monitoring system) technology is installted. Advanced energy, climate, aerodynamic measurements will be carried out in order to get detailed feedback about the buildings working processes, operation efficiencies and to fine tune and develope the demo building as well as to elaborate operation strategies for energy-plus buildings.

Milestones of

implementation

• 2010 summer: start planning process and conception planning • 2010 autumn: planning phase with dynamic energetic and climate simulations • 2010 winter: permission of construction plans • 2011 spring – summer: finalization of implementation plans • 2011 autumn: start the implementation • 2012 autumn: after 1 year of implementation phase, operation started • 2012 autumn: the research program of monitoring and simulations started

What was the

reason behind

the technology

option selection

Different technology options were evaluated and compared based on previous practical experience: Design method: Applying the Energydesign planning philosophy, we developed a completely new, special design method for buildings of the future. With help of DECA (dynamic energy, climate and aerodynamic) building simulations supported planning technique, it is possible to develop and implement energy efficient net zero and energy-plus buildings, as well as related high-efficient intelligent building technologies.


This design method significantly differs from traditional architectural design. In addition to space design, its basic tasks include the design of energy flows and indoor space climate. Instead of using standard functional, geometry and building structure related, building services and building electricity solutions and combining standard components, this method aims to attain extended sustainability objectives by taking advantage of the laws of physics. Primarily advantage of the laws of thermodynamics, heat transmission, fluid mechanics and light technology, as well as local climatic and geographical conditions, vernacular and bionic operational principles, new building services system and building envelope technologies are taken in order to achieve energy- and climate-related objectives in buildings and structures. The combination of the principles of architecture and physics leads to new, innovative building concepts, which can be validated and optimised by so-called smart tools, dynamic simulations and tests. The concepts ensure the enhanced energy performance of buildings, which actually means a multifunctional operation: the smart buildings and structures created are capable of simultaneously playing spatial, functional, climatic, energy and aesthetic roles. This is the area of transition between architectural design and scientific based design, in other words research, as the concepts are to be supported by numerical data of building physics. The modelling path developed is recorded from the stage of task setting to the end result as if in a log-book. The decisions made by the Energydesigner expert are recorded step by step as developmental stages or ‘stations’ following each other. The description of the logged design steps is meant to be an instructional process-guide: it is called the Energydesign Roadmap. According to the research results, such buildings produce more energy than their amount of consumption: the energy balance of these buildings is positive.

Why is this

considered to

be a best

practice

The innovative performance of this building can be considered positively from several aspects:

- by building this type of buildings, the average energy consumption of the country can be decreased by 50%

- these type of buildings can reduce the CO2 emission by 50% - the innovative production plant of RATI and the management of the

company enables the University of Pécs to make researches and studies, this way reducing the costs of research at the university.

- this RATI production plant is the biggest zero energy building in Europe, and it has a very unique monitoring system, that enables further research

What should be

done

differently

2-3 months of delay appeared, because of unseen reasons of fire service

instructions.

The technology was simulated previously, this way during the implementation,

the technology worked properly.

Lessons learnt Because of financial reasons, during the implementation phase some of the

planned structure had to be changed. Only 95% of the planned engineering could

be built in, because of the financial reasons.

Professional

knowledge

required for

replicability

The plant is operating as a physical laboratory, real data generating and

processing is done. By the analysis of these data, real simulations can be made,

and any size of this type of building can be duplicated partly or totally.


Skills /

competences

required for

success

Key human competences required in investment phase (based on this best

practice are): Energy Design planning competence

Key human competences required in operation phase (based on this best practice

are): Building management system and mobile management system


• organization and leadership o Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute

resolution o Understands how to use decision making to support mission o Demonstrated systems thinking ability o Understands organizational culture

• management o Able to analyze and design structures and processes

• collaboration o Adept in coalition building o Understands community building o Establishes collaborative relationships and projects




• Communication skills o Effective in public presentations o Able to present technical data o Able to facilitate groups o Knowledgeable about technical report writing o Understands grant writing o Understands proposal writing o Able to write memos under deadline o Able to write in-depth reports o Fluent in English

• Planning skills


o Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic, demographic)

o Able to do strategic planning o Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning o Understands organizational design o Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas o Understands systems analysis and design o Knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Computer skills o Skilled in word processing o Understands spreadsheet usage o Able to use statistical packages o Understands database operations o Uses graphics packages o Skilled with internet/WWW

Chapter V: Lessons learnt - a way to success, 83

Chapter V: Lessons learnt - a way to success,

The main lesson learnt is that energy efficiency and renewable energy projects consist of complex

system of technological, social and financial dimensions. So to be successful you need a team having

competence in both fields, but the successful coordinator of such a project has to have professional

knowledge in all these fields. Within the analysis of the best practices we maped the professional

knowledge needed for success and concluded that this professional knowledge can be classified into

four main topics as follows:

• in 5 cases the importance of the state-of-art were highlighted,

• in 25 cases the importance of knowing the technology options were mentioned,

• in 6 cases attention was drawn to the importance of financing,

• in 10 cases legal, management and administrative procedures were mentioned as an

important factor.

The required professional knowledge mentioned in the best practices can be classified as follows:

State-of-art analysis:

1. Deep knowledge of the material in-flow and outflow of certain agricultural production and

their possible interconnections

2. Structure of wood waste generated

3. Using the processed the real data generated by the building, as far as plant is operating as a

physical laboratory

4. Knowledge on logistics

5. Availability of the RES potentials (wind and sun) at the proposed locations

Technology:

1. Knowledge on the available technology option regarding both recycling or energy recovery of

the different output material of the agricultural production and their operation requirements

2. Knowledge on requirements of grid development practices

3. Knowledge of best available technologies on the market to be able to make a proper

technology description for the tender

4. Regulations on the generation, transformation, recovery and disposal of wood waste

5. Separate collection systems for wood waste

6. Level of recovery and the main technologies and exploitation directions

7. Identification of key companies involved in processing of wood waste

8. Potential new forms of wood waste use and the possible increase of recycling level

9. Competence in good renovation measures to achieve a high energy efficiency performance.

10. In depth knowledge about the technical challenges, while at same time communicate and act

in a manner enabling ordinary people to easily understanding the message.

11. Professional knowledge of biomass incineration

12. Knowledge on the production process

13. Knowledge of selection of suitable RES technologies

14. Knowledge of selection of suitable location for exploitation of RES

15. Knowledgeable about RES exploitation and availability of the RES technology.


16. Availability/knowledge of the data of the selected buildings.

17. Availability/knowledge of the data on energy consumption of selected buildings.

18. Signal processing.

19. Measurement system design

20. Optimization of production and consumption of energy

21. Competent engineering team for passive house design

22. Technical knowledge in designing passive buildings

23. Proper technical knowledge in designing energy efficient buildings

24. Knowledge of how to operate biogas plant system

25. Knowledge of renewable energy market

Financing:

1. Knowledge of implementation process of an energy refurbishment investment

2. Knowledge of available financing options to prepare a plan for project finance

3. Attention is given to financing and logistical issues

4. Knowledge on finance

5. Knowledge of available financing for the implementation.

6. Knowledge of how to finance a project scheme

Legal, management and administrative procecures:

1. Knowledge of municipality decision making process

2. knowledge about law regulations and legislative procedures

3. Knowledge of tendering procedures

4. Knowledge of public tendering

5. Knowledge of implementation processes and procedures on national level

6. Ability to give the idea credibility.

7. Engineering and computer skilles at the municipality

8. Knowledge to work with cooperation with experts and subcontractors

9. Knowledge of municipality strategy

10. Knowledge of political decision makers

Based on this we have realized that in order to be successful with these projects you have to be able

to answer the following questions:

• What is the present situation in the project area, which are the available resources?

• What are the possible technology options, and which complies with the best value for money

criteria?

• How can I finance my idea, and which are the available financing options?

• How can I embed my idea in the given legal and organization structure?


To answer these questions, the PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:

• Analyze the state-of-art situation

• Develop the technology option based on the best available technology

• Evaluate the costs and benefits of different technologies and select the best value for

money option

• Develop and manage the necessary legal, organizational and administrative procedures to

carry out the project

Since the last topic is actually projectmanagement – covered by our fourth e-learning module - it is

further analysed in the next chapter of our guide.

This results that the planned first three e-learning modules should have the following structure:

Biomass to energy e-learning module Oritinal text of proposal: Development of the e-learning material on the biomass to energy

topic based on the identified competency gap of the training groups. The training material

will involve: energy crop production issues (what to produce, where to produce), land use

questions of biomass production, bio-waste to energy option as a substitution possibility,

HR organization of biomass production, biomass to energy technology, options analysis of

advantages, disadvantages regarding local agricultural and human circumstances. Structuring the e-learing material based on the findings of the best practice guide:

THE PROJECT INITIATOR MUST: THE BIOMASS TO ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:

• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the energy crop production issues (what to produce, where to produce), land use questions of biomass production, bio-waste to energy option as a substitution possibility, with special regard to HR organization of biomass production.


DEVELOP the biomass to energy technology options

• Evaluate the costs and benefits of different technologies and select the best value for money option

EVALUATE the options analysis of advantages, disadvantages regarding local agricultural and human circumstances.


Renewable energy technology e-learning module Oritinal text of proposal: The e-learning module will focus on the technological skills

needed to analyze the different renewable energy technology options. This includes the

presentation of the possible alternatives of renewable energy production (solar, wind,

geothermal, water, heat pump etc.), and the distribution issues (e.g.: smart grid solutions).

The focus will be given to competences to be able to evaluate the different technological

solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to the needs and

possibility of the local community.

Structuring the e-learing material based on the findings of the best practice guide:

THE PROJECT INITIATOR MUST: THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:

• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the needs and possibility of the local community.


DEVELOP different renewable energy technology options. This includes the presentation of the possible alternatives of renewable energy production (solar, wind, geothermal, water, heat pump etc.), and the distribution issues (e.g.: smart grid solutions).


EVALUATE the different technological solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to the needs and possibility of the local community.

Energy efficiency e-learning module Oritinal text of proposal: The e-learning module will focus on the technological skills

needed to analyze the different energy efficiency technology options. This includes the

presentation of the possible alternatives of refurbishment of existing building (insulation,

refurbishment of heating/cooling system, smart energy solutions etc.), and the sustainable

construction possibilities of new housing (passive house technology, locally produced

energy options etc.). The focus will be given to competences to be able to evaluate the

different technological solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards

to the needs and possibility of the local community.

Structuring the e-learing material based on the findings of the best practice guide:

THE PROJECT INITIATOR MUST: THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:

• Analyze the state-of-art situation ANALYZE the needs and possibility of the local community.


DEVELOP different energy efficiency technology options. This includes the presentation of the possible alternatives of refurbishment of existing building (insulation, refurbishment of heating/cooling system, smart energy solutions etc.), and the sustainable construction possibilities of new housing (passive house technology, locally produced energy options etc.).


EVALUATE the different technological solutions based on their advantages or disadvantages with regards to the needs and possibility of the local community.

Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy projects. 87

Chapter VI. Competencies needed to implement successful energy

projects.

In our original proposal, the project management e-learning module was defined as follows:

Project management e-learning module Oritinal text of proposal: Beside the selecting the best option for money, in a successful renewable energy initiative implementation and operations issues should also be on the top of the agenda. This includes that the project is managed properly (action planning, SMART objectives etc.), the financing for both investment and operation phase insured (fund raising possibilities, cost-benefit and business analysis), the public acceptance is ensured (public relations, dissemination issues), and there is a proper quality control mechanism (indicators, monitoring, risk assessment and intervention plan). The e-learning material is prepared to develop these skills based on the state-

of-art competences of the target groups.

To be able to prepare this e-learning module, prior to the evaluation of the best practices we have

divided the possible competences needed for energy projects into nine main categories, and project

partners were asked to evaluate, which competence is needed most, for succesfully carrying out the

best practice analyzed. The nine main categories were:

1. Organization and leadership

2. Management

3. Collaboration

4. Innovation

5. Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics

6. Communication skills

7. Analysis / research skills

8. Planning skills

9. Computer skills

Each nine main categories had several subcategories and the result of the evaluation is as followed:

How many best pracitce mentioned this competence as required for success

Ma

in

ca

teg

ory

Subcategory of competences No of

mentioning

Org

an

iza

tio

n a

nd

le

ad

ers

hip

understands ethics & public good; concerned with public trust 2

Understands governance and administrative systems 9

Demonstrates ability in conflict management and dispute resolution 4

Understands how to acquire needed resources 10

Understands how to use decision making to support mission 6

Demonstrated systems thinking ability 12

Understands organizational culture 4

Is sensitive to diversity and multiculturalism 1

Able to gather and synthesize information on internal and external environments 5


Co

lla

bo

ra

tio

n Adept in coalition building 5

Understands community building 4

Establishes collaborative relationships and projects 7

Inn

ova

tio

n Able to manage change 7

Understands creative processes 7

Capable of systems thinking 9

Adept at framing issues 3

Comfortable with risk taking 6

Inte

rpe

rso

na

l a

bilit

ies,

pe

rso

na

l ch

ara

cte

rist

ics

Able to work well in teams 8

Self-motivated 6

Understands conflict management 4

Able negotiator 8

Confident in handling new tasks 10

Flexible in assignments 10

Attentive to detail 4

Able to work under tight deadlines 6

Able to network effectively 5

Co

mm

un

ica

tio

n s

kills

Effective in public presentations 3

Able to present technical data 14

Able to facilitate groups 3

Knowledgeable about technical report writing 5

Understands grant writing 5

Understands proposal writing 11

Able to write memos under deadline 2

Able to write in-depth reports 6

Fluent in English 3

How many best pracitce mentioned this competence as required for success M

ain

ca

teg

ory

Subcategory of competences

No of

mentioning

Ma

na

ge

me

nt

Able to analyze and design structures and processes 9

Understands variety of approaches to decision making 4

Understands administrative law 4

Manages workflow 10

Formulates and analyzes budgets 7

Demonstrates financial analysis and management 8

Versed in human resources management (hiring, retention, development, career management) 1

Manages information and technology 9

Understands program management 2

Understands project management 10

Demonstrates skill in team building and management 6

Understands task analysis and job design 2


Pla

nn

ing

skills

Understands spatial analysis (physical, social, economic, demographic) 4

Able to do strategic planning 10

Demonstrates knowledge of program design and planning 4

Understands organizational design 7

Able to conduct policy planning for geographic areas 5

Understands systems analysis and design 3

Knowledgeable about project design and planning 12

Understands transportation and infrastructure planning 5

Co

mp

ute

r sk

ills

Skilled in word processing 11

Understands spreadsheet usage 9

Able to use statistical packages 3

Understands database operations 4

Uses graphics packages 5

Skilled with internet/WWW 12

Uses computer assisted cartography 1

Uses Geographic Information Systems 2

Knowledgeable about Management Information Systems 3

The second step was that for each main category we have selected the three competences having

the highest scores as follows:

1. Organization and leadership

• Demonstrated systems thinking ability

• Understands how to acquire needed resources

• Understands governance and administrative systems

2. Management

• Understands project management

How many best pracitce mentioned this competence as required for success M

ain

ca

teg

ory

Subcategory of competences

No of

mentioning

An

aly

sis

/ re

sea

rch

skills

Understands cost-benefit analysis 7

Able to do population projection/forecasting 3

Understands demographic analysis 2

Knowledgeable about statistical analysis 3

Understands decision analysis 4

Understands economic modeling 12

Demonstrates knowledge of program evaluation 2

Understands qualitative analysis 4

Able to conduct action research 4

Able to analyze political support and opposition 9

Understands stakeholder analysis 4

Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis 9


• Manages workflow

• Able to analyze and design structures and processes

• Manages information and technology

3. Collaboration

• Establishes collaborative relationships and projects

• Adept in coalition building

4. Innovation

• Capable of systems thinking

• Able to manage change

• Understands creative processes

5. Interpersonal abilities, personal characteristics

• Flexible in assignments

• Confident in handling new tasks

• Able negotiator

• Able to work well in teams

6. Communication skills

• Able to present technical data

• Understands proposal writing

• Able to write in-depth reports

7. Analysis / research skills

• Understands economic modeling

• Able to analyze political support and opposition

• Able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis

8. Planning skills

• Knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Able to do strategic planning

• Understands organizational design

9. Computer skills

• Skilled with internet/WWW



Since there is a huge variety of competences needed for project management the fourth e-learning

module should be focused on the missing competences of the Cross-Border region. In order to select,

which are these competences, we will prepare a competency questionniere tool and test it on the

target gropus of our projects. To clarify, which is the exact meaning of the comptences analyzed, we

prepared a competency dictionary template for each competence as follows.


1. ORGANIZATION AND LEADERSHIP COMPETENCES

Definition of the competency: The successful command and control of his/her team from the position of the Leader, inspiring subordinates to perform and

engage in achieving a goal.

Why it is important:

The organization and leadership competences are important because they involve establishing a clear vision, sharing that vision with others so that they will

follow willingly, providing the information, knowledge and methods to realize that vision, and coordinating and balancing the conflicting interests of all

members and stakeholders. A leader steps up in times of crisis, and is able to think and act creatively in difficult situations. Unlike management, leadership

cannot be taught, although it may be learned and enhanced through coaching or mentoring. The act of inspiring subordinates to perform and engage in

achieving a goal.

THE ENERGY PROJECT INITIATOR MUST:

• Demonstrate systems thinking ability

• Understand how to acquire needed resources

• Understand governance and administrative systems

Level 1 (Average) Level 2 (Good) Level 3 (Excellent)

Your organizational and leadership

abilities and skills are not satisfactory.

This results many problems, because of

poor governance, bad decisions,

conflicts in the team, lack of resources,

bad performance of the team internally

(bad internal relationships on different

levels) and externally (bad results). You

need to develop, otherwise you fail

your leadership efforts.

You are performing in the middle when it comes

to organization and leadership. You can be

constructive, but it takes more efforts. You

should develop your skills to reach good

organizational and leadership skills enhanced

through coaching or mentoring on governance

and administrative systems, acquiring resources,

decision making, organizational culture ability in

conflict management and dispute resolution

systems thinking, synthesizing information on

internal and external environments

Congratulations! Your organizational and leadership skills are

perfect, this way you are perfectly able to be a good leader.

You are constructive, understand governance and

administrative systems, decision maker, understand

organizational culture, have ability to manage conflicts and

resolve disputes, you demonstrate systems thinking,

synthesize information on internal and external

environments

Warning signs Positive indicators

• You have made some bad decisions that led to conflicts in the team, lack of resources,

bad performance of the team internally (bad internal relationships on different levels)

and externally (bad results)

• You are not able to think and act creatively in difficult situations

• You are not open to proposals and criticism

• You are open to proposals and criticism You are able to

think and act creatively in difficult situations

• You manage conflicts and resolve disputes

• You synthesize information on internal and external

environments and make decisions

• You can delegate tasks and work well in teams


2. MANAGEMENT COMPETENCES

Definition of the competency: The successful application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to to meet the project

requirements and achieve the project goals.


Project management provides a framework and control for the entire cycle of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and closing the project. It covers all

planning and controlling activities, which ensure that goals and objectives are achieved on time, to the desired quality and within the planned budget. It

requires a disciplined approach to ensure that the project is established effectively, appropriate project team is selected, tasks are planned and scheduled,

the project plan is implemented and problems are resolved, results are reviewed. Every project is different, but the management activities follow the same

logic, therefore it can be learnt. If management is fulfilled adequately, it ensures that the project idea is guided into reality.


• Understand project management

• Manage workflow

• Able to analyze and design structures and processes

• Demonstrate financial analysis and management

• Use information and technology tools in management


• Average manager understands the the project

structure and objectives. He is in aware of his

duties, financial requirements, and timeplan.

Therefore he is able to manage the project

implementation according to the

requirements. However, his activities are not

proactive, he doesn’t take special efforts to

implement the project at highest qulity, which

results in an average implementation without

exceeding the planned results or level of

cooperation.

• Good manager goes beyond simply

implementing the project according to

the plans. He discovers the obstacles of

the sound implementation and analyses

the possibilities – financial,

administrative and professional – to

ensure the best achievement of the

project goals. He is also able to make

recommendations if project deviations

are discovered/expected by the lead.

• Excellent manager has remarkable experiences in

project management, which makes him able to

discover the potential obstacles or deviations from

the plans in advance. He is also able to fully

understand the roles and interests of other

partners and this way he can harmonize his

activities with them, which makes potential savings

possible. During the implementation – above

fulfilling all output and result indicators – he is able

to realise if there are any possibilities for the

widening or continuing the project.



• You are in delay with the implementation of the project without any external reasons

• You exceed your budget

• You have problems with understanding the steps of the activities

• You fail to accomplish some planned activities and deliver outputs

• You deliver the planned activities in time and

within the planned budget

• You can manage vis majors to keep the timeplan

and activity plan

• You have recommendations for more efficient

implementation by exploiting synergies or finding

faster/less expensive/more professional

possibilities which ensure or exceed the required

quality


3. COLLABORATION COMPETENCES

Definition of the competency: Collaboration is working with others on the task in order to achieve shared goals. Collaboration is repetitive process where

two or more people or organizations work together to achieve shared result

Why it is important: Collaboration is important because in today’s economy and world one organization or individual very seldom can achieve its goals by

itself especially if sustainable development and circular economy is involved. In order to achieve goals of sustainable development, it is necessary

collaboration of industry, academia, government, nongovernmental organizations and public to achieve this goal


• Establishe collaborative relationships and projects

• Adept in coalition building


• You are an average

collaborator, who understands

needs for building coalitions in

order to solve the problem or

work on common tasks but

fails to adapt and build

coalitions with various groups

and stakeholders while

working on common goal.

• You are a good collaborator, who

understands need for coalition building and is

able to adapt to the needs of various

stakeholders. You are able to work with

various stakeholders on achieving common

goal but often fails to build coalition if you try

to initiate coalition building.

• You are and excellent collaborator, who is able to

recognize the issue that has needed to build coalition in

order to achieve common goal. You also able to

recognize the stakeholders needed to be involved in

order to achieve common goal. You are also successful

negotiator and leader in bringing various groups and

stakeholders on board to work on common goal.


Person might understand need for working together but might not have

understanding for needs of other stakeholders. Good collaborator might understand

needs of various stakeholders but fails to understand how to join often conflicting

goals of various stakeholders and groups. Good or average collaborator might not

have technical knowledge to fully understand the issue.

Person understands the position of various stakeholders and

is able to build coalitions among common goals. He

understands technical data about the issue and is able to

communicate common themes to various stakeholder

groups as well as to outside groups


4. INNOVATION COMPETENCES

Definition of the competency: Innovation is a new idea, device, or method; the act or process of introducing new ideas, devices, or methods. To be called

an innovation, an idea must be replicable at an economical cost and must satisfy a specific need. Innovation involves deliberate application of information,

imagination and initiative in deriving greater or different values from resources, and includes all processes by which new ideas are generated and converted

into useful products. In business, innovation often results when ideas are applied by the company in order to further satisfy the needs and expectations of

the customers. In a social context, innovation helps create new methods for alliance creation, joint venturing, flexible work hours, and creation of buyers'

purchasing power. Innovations are divided into two broad categories:

• Evolutionary innovations (continuous or dynamic evolutionary innovation) that are brought about by many incremental advances in technology or

processes and revolutionary innovations (also called discontinuous innovations) which are often disruptive and new.

• Innovation is synonymous with risk-taking and organizations that create revolutionary products or technologies take on the greatest risk because

they create new markets.

Why it is important: In a broader sense, innovation is important to the advancement of society around the world. New and innovative products can

increase the standard of living and provide people with opportunities to improve their lives. Innovation is important as it is one of the primary ways to

differentiate your product from the competition. Organisations need more than good products to survive; they require innovative processes and

management that can drive down costs and improve productivity. If they can't compete on price, they'll need innovative products and ideas to make their

business stand out from the crowd. Innovation has also lead to significant improvements in the way businesses operate and has closed the gaps between

different markets.


• Be capable of systems thinking

• Able to manage change

• Understand creative processes


• Your innovation skills are

average. Try looking at

problems, complaints and

bottlenecks as opportunities

rather than as issues. Look for

things in your environment that

inspire you and as soon as you

get an idea go forward with it.

• Your innovative skills are good. You've

probably had some successes but

remember that you can always be more

innovative. Try to rethink your current

understanding of issues to develop a

deeper insight into it.

• Your innovation skills are excellent. Problems and

issues are not distracting you, but make you focus on

your real work. You can truly fulfill your innovative

potential.



Person is not informed enough and is highly selective to data. He/she doesn’t leave

his/her comfort zone that would enable him/her to see problems from different

perspective. Maybe he/she is too focused on building innovation from scratch.

Person engaged in the innovation process makes interesting

discoveries as he/she goes along. Even though innovation is

not working out as planned, he/she is able to step back and re-

evaluate the problems realising that some of the great ideas

that worked started out as something entirely different.


5. INTERPERSONAL ABILITIES, PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS

Definition of the competency: The skills used by a person to properly interact with others. In the business domain, the term generally refers to an

employee's ability to get along with others while getting the job done. Interpersonal skills include everything from communication and listening skills to

attitude and deportment. Good interpersonal skills are a prerequisite for many positions in an organization.


Within an organization, employees with good interpersonal skills are likely to be more productive than those with poor interpersonal skills, because of their

propensity to project a positive attitude and look for solutions to problems. Interpersonal skills are not just important in the workplace, our personal and

social lives can also benefit from better interpersonal skills. People with good interpersonal skills are usually perceived as optimistic, calm, confident

and charismatic, qualities that are often endearing or appealing to others. So all together, interpersonal skills are the set of abilities enabling a person to

interact positively and work effectively with others. Development of the interpersonal skills of employees is a key goal of training and development

initiatives for many companies, and is considered a constructive manner in which to handle office disputes and other personnel issues. These skills include

the areas of communication, listening, delegation of tasks and leadership.


• Be flexible in assignments

• Be confident in handling new tasks

• Be an able negotiator

• Be able to work well in teams


• Your interpersonal abilities and

skills are not satisfactory. This

results many problems, because

of poor communication,

negative attitude and

leadership. You need to

develop, otherwise you fail your

leadership efforts.

• You are performing in the middle

when it comes to interpersonal skills.

You can be constructive, but it takes

more efforts to you and/or your staff.

You should develop your skills to

reach good leadership skills like

communication, listening, delegation,

positive attitude and charisma.

• Congratulations! Your interpersonal skills are perfect,

this way you are perfectly able to be a good leader. You

can be positive, charismatic enough, you can delegate

tasks and communicate what is needed. You can listen

to employees when needed, and interact positively. You

can work efficiently and you can motivate people to do

so.


• Not good in delegating tasks, working in team

• not motivated enough by yourself to fulfil tasks

• You cannot communicate with your colleagues, you cannot understand

them

• You always need help to solve the problems/tasks you receive

• You are not open to accept new tasks

• You are open to get new tasks

• You are able to work on previously unknown tasks without

help

• You can delegate tasks and work well in teams

• You listen to your colleagues and try to understand them

• You can lead a discussion


6. COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Definition of the competency: Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another whether this be vocally (using voice),

written (using printed or digital media such as books, magazines, websites or emails), visually (using logos, maps, charts or graphs) or non-verbally (using

body language, gestures and the tone and pitch of voice). Good communicator is able to communicates clearly and precisely both orally and in writing.

There are various categories of communication and more than one may occur at any time.

The different categories of communication are:

• Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

• Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent.

• Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media.

• Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate messages.


In today’s highly technological environment where energy efficiency and use of renewable energy sources are becoming the business main topic it has

become increasingly important to have good communication skills which implies ability to exchange and convey knowledge and ideas in energy efficiency

context, also ability to develop and manage ongoing communication of energy use data. It is extremely important to have person with great communication

skills who understand how to accomplish energy efficiency with energy use in production processes. Accordingly, it is very important to communicate

technical information to people without technical knowledge.


• Be able to present technical data

• Understand proposal writing

• Be able to write in-depth reports


Your knowledge about technical data is

low, so your communication skills in this

area aren’t so good. You are not so

good in transmising the technical data

in best way to the others. You must

work on yourself and get engaged with

this topic. Except that, you must learn

to understand the proposals and in that

case how to write them well. You

should research more about this how

you could get some more information

Your communication skills are good, but not

so great. You understand this topic, but some

information or meaning could be lost in

communication, because your knowledge

about technical data is average. In order to

that, we are recommending some more

reading about this topic and getting more in

touch with that. Also, you need to take some

more time in researching the proposal

writing, so that you can even better

understand it. Take your time to research

You have everything that is necessary for good communication.

Your communication skills are great, because you have excellent

knowledge about all technical data that are important in this

area. You are able to use your advantages of good

communicator to transmit all technical data to the others in best

way, and demonstrate information both in smaller groups and in

the public presentations. You understand the proposal writing

perfectly, and because of that you are capable of transmiting

your knowledge to the others. Also, you are able to write in-

depth reports, but you always can improve your writing with

some additional researching. So, our recommendation for you is


on this. At this moment you are not

able to write in-depth reports, you must

research what are the qualities of in-

depth reports, and what are the main

characteristics, so that you can better

understand them. Once when you

understand them, you will be able to

write them.

more about components of the proposals’, it

is very important to have even better sense

about how the project fits with your

company’s mission. Your knowledge about

writing in-depth reports is also average, so try

to learn more about characteristics of this

kind of reports so that you can raise your

knowledge about it on a higher level.

that you should continue to work on yourself to maintain this

level of knowledge, or maybe even to improve it.


Person doesn’t have good communication skills, or have good, but not great

communication skills. Person doesn’t have knowledge or experience about technical

data, or have some knowledge about technical data but not enough of it. He/she doesn’t

understand the main characteristics about proposals, so he/she does not understand the

proposal writing. Person doesn’t understand the components of in-depth reports and

because of that person is not able to write in-depth reports well.

Person understands the importance of knowing the technical

data and because of that he/she is able to transmit that in best

way to the others who aren’t necessarily technically. This person

understands the proposal writing perfectly. He/she is able to

write in-depth reports.


7. ANALYSIS / RESEARCH SKILLS

Definition of the competency: Any systematic investigation, to establish new facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new

theories, usually using a Scientific or a Systematic approach. The Primary objective of the research is discovering, interpreting and the development of

methods and systems for knowledge on a variety of scientific subjects.

Why it is important: Research involves the mastery of skills needed to design and conduct a systematic, empirical, objective, public, and critical investigation

of an identified problem or an issue. It can descriptive, designed to develop a theory, or intended to test a hypothesis. The ability to conduct independent

research and to make appropriate use of quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods of analytical techniques.


• Understand economic modeling

• Be able to analyze political support and opposition

• Be able to conduct budget/fiscal analysis


Your knowledge about subject is basic. You should

research this topic more. You should read about

subject and maybe volunteer in some research

institution in order to gain more info on the research,

and analysis.

You have enough knowledge to be able to conduct

research analysis in group of experts on subject. Your

abilities to find good solutions and approach the

subject are enough skilled. In order to be better we

recommend more advanced readings on subject in

question.

You have excellent knowledge about how to

analyses, research certain project and subject. Your

skills could be used in conducting experiments on

field basis as well as in controlled conditions. You

have enough knowledge to be able to prepare

research on your own, using all variables necessary

to prove hypothesis. Also you are valuable asset in

project proposals....


Person doesn’t have sufficient experience with research and data analysis. He / She should

have more understanding of subject. And have to have some basic knowledge on research and

data analysis. Should look for literature for further study

Person have what is needed to be involved in

research and show a dedicated interest to do the

best research possible what is essential for a good

researcher to succeed.


8. PLANNING SKILLS

Definition of the competency: Planning is the ability to correctly define the millstones and deliverables of a renewable energy initiative, and prepare an

implementable schedule and organizational structure for a project, which is also in line with the state-of-art analysis and the local context.


Renewable energy initiatives are implemented in a volatile environment, so the decision to launch a project has to be based on proper and flexible plans for

the future; otherwise the finances or the operability of the initiative can became questionable. Planning should fully address the question: who will do what,

when and from how much money. Action planning should operate with SMART targets, which are Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time

bound, clearly define responsibility issues, assess the inputs and outputs of different measures and prepare the schedule taking into account the links

between these inputs and outputs.


• Be knowledgeable about project design and planning

• Be able to do strategic planning

• Understand organizational design


• You need to develop your planning

competences to be able to equally address

the issues of setting the tasks, selecting the

responsible persons, adjust all this to project

budget and reach the desirable impacts of

your project.

• You are on the right path. You either know

the basics of task management or budget

management, but you fail to link them

together and clearly address the responsibility

issues. This may result in not achieving the

desirable impacts with your projects.

• Congratulation, if you plan a project you clearly know the answer to the question: who will do what, when and from how much money. It is also clear to you that the aims and the actions of the project should be in line with each other and all pointing to one direction to reach the desirable impacts.


• No clear responsibilities within the project

• Budget is not linked to actions or consist of poorly justified budget lines

• Project targets are not in line with desirable impacts

• Some or all of the project actions are not in line with desirable impacts

• Set project milestones and deliverables are improper, not achievable or not implementable

• Detailed and reasoned budget

• Clear responsibilities and project implementation structure

• Targets and actions are in line with impacts

• Project reflects the state-of-art and local context

• Project schedule is implementable


9. COMPUTER SKILLS

Definition of the competency:

The successful computer skills competences are knowledge and ability to use computers and related technology efficiently, with a range of skills covering

levels from elementary use to programming and advanced problem solving. The good computer skills are important and basic requirement for many

positions in the entrepreneur and non-profit organizations and also in the project management.


Computer and internet access are the common requirements in the daily practice, so everyone must have equal and ready access to this technology and to

skills in how to effectively use it. Because of the continually increasing use of computers in our daily communications and work, the knowledge of computer

systems and the ability to work with word processing, data management, and spreadsheet and data analysis programs have become essential requirements.

To develop the computer skills of employees is an important goal of training and continuously needed because of the computer program possibilities and

changes. These skills include many of project development, management and controlling tools and help the tasks of leadership and teamwork as well. The

members of project team are usually work more effective way in the possession of ability of computer usage.


• Be skilled with internet/WWW

• Be skilled in word processing





• Able to use statistical packages

• Understands database operations

• Uses graphics packages

• Skilled with internet

• Uses computer assisted cartography

• Uses Geographic Information Systems

• Knowledgeable about Management

Information Systems

• Create and format complex tables, and

manage table data.

• Customize Toolbars.

• Insert graphic elements.

• Create a Web Page based on a template

and add hyperlinks

• Create, modify, and format charts.

• Use graphic objects to enhance

worksheets and charts.

• Use mathematical, logical, statistical, and

financial functions.

• Create Slides in Outline view.

• Edit a Column Chart.

• Process presentation.

• Use graphic effects and clip art and draw

in a document.

• Work with very large documents that

require a table of contents

• Insert multimedia elements in a webpage.

• Manage Macro commands, create

dialogue boxes and understand the

notions of Visual Basic

• Use spreadsheet web components.

• Manage macro commands

• Customize PowerPoint toolbars and

automate the slide production.

• Build interactive presentations using

hyperlinks,

• Explore online meetings and broadcast

presentations



Persons don’t have sufficient experience in computer utilization and web experiences. They

should have more understanding of word processing and subject spreadsheet usage. Have to

have some basic knowledge on computer skills. Need to help to solve tasks and problems by

computer they receive.

Persons engaged in the computer usage and have

good opportunities to solve the problems, develop

the idea and project implementations by

computer tools.

changing lives. opening minds international renewable

Documents