cells cells are the smallest functional unit of living things. the basic unit of life living things...
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Cells
• Cells are the smallest functional unit of living things.
• The basic unit of life
• Living things are made of one or more cells.
• Cell structure and function is central to whole organism structure and function.
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Types of Cells
• Prokayrotic Bacteria
• Eukaryotic Everything else– Plants– Animals– Fungi– Algae– protists
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3
A Prototypical/Generic Cell
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3 Major Eukaryotic Cell PartsThe major parts of the cell include• Plasma membrane — the outer boundary of the cell,
controls/regulates what enters or exits cell• Cytoplasm — within PM, performs most cell activities• Nucleus— contains & protects DNA; “control center” of cell
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
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You will observe and compare the VISIBLE structure among:
• Human Cheek Cell (animal cell)
• Elodea Cell (plant cell)
• Onion Cell (plant cell)
• Have one person at each table set up different slide and then look at eachothers microscopes.
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Plant Cell Parts
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Euks v. Proks
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic
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Typical eukaryotic cell
Prokaryotic cell virus
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Animal Elodea Onion prokaryote
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Cell Wall
Nucleus
Vacoule
chloroplast
BIG or small
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Animal Elodea Onion prokaryote
Plasma Membrane
X X X X
Cytoplasm X X X
Cell wall X X X
Nucleus X X X
Vacoule X X
chloroplast X
BIG or small BIG BIG BIG small
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Mitosis and the Cell Theory:
• Cells only come from pre-existing cells (part of cell theory)
• Existing cells must divide to create new cells– Growth or replacement of damaged/dead cells
• New cells need all the DNA/genetic information the original cell had
• DNA must be copied, then divided equally, then cell can divide.
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Mitotic Cell Division • Cell gets signal it will/must divide in the future
– Duplicates its DNA/chromosomes• This process is called replication
– Separates/divys the chromosomes into two complete groups
• This process is called mitosis
– Cytoplasm splits apart and two cells are formed• This process is called cytokinesis
– The result is two daughter cells, each with a complete set of DNA that is identical to one another and identical to the original cell (genetically identical)
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1 copy of each chromosome
2 copy of each chromosome
Replication of DNA during S-phase of interphase
1 copy of each chromosome
1 copy of each chromosome
• Mitosis divides/separate the two copies of identical chromosomes
• Cytokinesis divides up the cytoplasm contentsParent/mother cell
daughter cells: each with one copy of each chromosome, genetically identical to the mother cell
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The Cell Cycle
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Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
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Anaphase
telophase
Daughter cells in interphase
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Vacuole
• Isolating materials that might be harmful or a threat to the cell
• Containing waste products
• Containing water in plant cells
• Maintaining internal hydrostatic pressure or turgor within the cell--support
• Maintaining an acidic internal pH
• Containing small molecules
• Exporting unwanted substances from the cell
• Allows plants to support structures such as leaves and flowers due to the pressure of the central vacuole
• In seeds, stored proteins needed for germination are kept in 'protein bodies', which are modified vacuoles.[4]
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Mitosis identification game
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/cell_bio/activities/cell_cycle/
01.html