ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION MARKERSCREATININE KINASE (CK) ASPARTATE

AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST)LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE

(LD)RISE 4 – 8 HOURS 6 – 8 HOURS 1 – 2 DAYSPEAK 12 – 24 HOURS 24 HOURS 2 – 3 DAYSNORMALIZE 48 –72 HOURS 120 HOURS 10 – 14 DAYS

PARAMETERS OF INTERESTpH pCO2 HCO3

- pO2

Normal: 7.35 – 7.45Acidosis: <7.35Alkalosis: >7.45

Normal: 35 – 45 mmHgRespiratory Alkalosis: <35 mmHgRespiratory Acidosis: >45 mmHg

Normal: 21 – 28 mEq/LMetabolic Acidosis: <21 mEq/LMetabolic Alkalosis: >28 mEq/L

Normal: 81 – 100 mmHgMild hypoxemia: 61 – 80 mmHgModerate hypoxemia: 41 – 60 mmHgSevere hypoxemia: 40 or less mmHg

ACID BASE BALANCE DISTURBANCESORGAN DAMAGE ORGAN COMPENSATE PRIMARY CAUSE PRIMARY

COMPENSATIONRESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS LUNGS KIDNEYS HYPOVENTILATION REABSORB

BICARBONATERESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS

LUNGS KIDNEYS HYPERVENTILATION BICARBONATE EXCRETION

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS KIDNEY LUNGS BICARBONATE EXCRETION

HYPERVENTILATION

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS KIDNEYS LUNGS BICARBONATE EXCESS HYPOVENTILATION

HENDERSON – HASSELBACH EQUATION

pH=pKa+log conjugatebaseweak acid

pH=pKa+log BicarbonateCarbonic acid

Camato, Denielle Genesis B.