cattle - opportunities to improve margins · qms industry news - thmonday 16 may 2016 “the store...
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Cattle - Opportunities to Improve Margins
Donald Brown
Barony Campus
17th May 2016
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Logan, R. (April 2016). Agribusiness News. SAC
Consulting.
“For some cattle’s genetics, a prolonged store
period risks producing large frames that do not
help finishers hit weight limits and specification.
This is broadly being reflected in the store ring.
The differential between 6-12 month and 18-24
month old store steers was only £135/head by the
middle of March and has seldom been so narrow.
Finishers can have more management control of
the younger animal.”
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QMS Industry News - Monday 16th May 2016
“The store trade began to stabilise in April and the 3-
week rolling average prices for both 6-12 and 12-18
month old steers edged up at the beginning of May to
£857.50/head and £917.75/head, respectively.”
As buyers look for smaller cattle to go the grass the
difference is down to £60.25, not much to show for a
lot of extra keep.
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Euro Grid
2 3 4L 4H 5
E
U+
U-
R
O+
O -
P
C
O
N
F
O
R
M
A
T
I
O
N
FAT CLASS
Maximise
Minimise
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Animal Growth Tissue Deposition
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
50 150 250 350 450 550 650 750
Perc
en
tag
e o
f livew
eig
ht
Liveweight (kg)
Muscle
Bone
Fat
Source : Alberta Feedlot Management Guide 2000
Rearing Phase
Growing Phase
Finishing Phase
I’m not making enough money
and it’s everybody's fault but mine phase
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3 Distinct Phases
• Rearing
– From birth to after weaning and covers the period
of milk feeding and rumen development
• Growing
– From a fully developed ruminant through
developing height and length of body frame,
depending on breeds and systems this can take
up to 15 months
• Finishing
– A short sharp period of maximum weight gain to
allow well grown animals to maximise meat yield
and optimise fat cover
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Growing
• From about 200 kg to ready for finish
• Continuous growth without fat deposition
– 0.7 to 1.2 kg/DLWG depending on breed
– Most Charolais types can grow at 1.2 without
laying down fat
– Most Angus or Hereford types will lay down some
fat at 1 kg DLWG
– Most other cattle fit somewhere in between
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Daily Growth Rates
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Feeding for Growth
• Ideally forage based diets which replicate
good grazing
• Low starch, moderate protein and high fibre
• Plus minerals to build skeleton
– Grazing, Grass Silage, Pea Silage, Lupicalage®,
Urea Treated Wholecrop, Straw
– Rapeseed Meal, Maize Gluten, Distillery Co-
Products
– Ca, P, Mg, Se, Co and whatever else is short
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Growing Ration Specification
– Target gain 0.8 - 1.2 Kg/day
– 40-80 % Dry Matter
– 15% Crude Protein
– 10.7-11 MJ/Kg DM ME
– >35% NDF
– <3% Fat
– <30% Starch and Sugar
– 0.8% Calcium
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Compensatory Gain
• Effective short term measure in keeping cattle
– Reduce feed rate of expensive concentrates a month
or so before turnout
– Cattle make up lost performance on cheap grass
after turnout
• Not suitable for cattle being prepared for sale
– Weight pays
• Not suitable as a long term measure
– Grazing seasons are too unpredictable to make up a
lot of lost performance
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Animal Growth Curves Weight
H
e
i
g
h
t
Age Turnout 60 days to go 60 days on grass
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Animal Growth Curves Weight
H
e
i
g
h
t
Age Turnout 60 days to go 60 days on grass
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Finishing
• Target daily gains of over 1.4 kg in all
classes of stock
• Length of time spent on ration determines level of fat cover
• High nutrient dense rations, high in energy particularly from starch
– Grazing, grass silage, maize silage, cereal wholecrop
– Cereals, bread, biscuit meal, breakfast cereal blends
– Potatoes, fodderbeet other root crops
– Molasses, beet pulp, distillers grains, maize gluten
– Field beans, soya bean meal
– Vitamins and micro minerals
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Rumen Health
• Avoid acidosis
– Feeding management
• Don’t let them get hungry
• Keep fresh feed in front of them
• Maintain particle size on barley, wheat and oats
• Crimped not shattered
• Maintain some fibre in ration
– 10 to 15% long fibre in dry matter
– 20 to 25% neutral digestible fibre (NDF) in dry matter
• Maximise intakes
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Finishing Ration Specification
– Target Daily Gain >1.4 Kg/day
– 50-80% Dry Matter
– 13-15% Crude Protein – (high daily gains respond to DUP, 0.25 kg soya/day can
be paid for by an extra 0.05kg DLWG )
– 12.5 MJ/Kg DM ME
– 25% NDF
– <4% Fat
– >35% Starch and Sugar
– 0.6% Calcium
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Factors affecting FCE
• Animal Health
– Worm Burden
– Laminitis
– Disease
• Stress
– Pen Density
– Mixed Sizes
– Dry Bed
– Access to feed and water
– Air Quality
• Nutrition
– Structural Fibre
– Energy – Starch &
Digestible Fibre
– Protein
– Minerals
– Presentation
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When to Change Ration
Weight
H
e
i
g
h
t
Age
Rearing
Growing
Finishing
Target
Weight
Target Age
Energy
Density
To suit
Fat
Class
130 cm at hip
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System Performance Targets
REARING
Maximise 200 day weights in all cattle
GROWING
Focus on controlled, continuous frame
growth from 200 days until moving to finishing ration
FINISHING
Short, sharp period of maximum weight gain
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