Case Study on Human

PapillomavirusTeresa DominguezLaTasha HardyFrancisca Mata

25-five-year-old carpenter

Several hyperkeratotic papules (warts) onPalm inside of index finger

Do not change size

Cause only minimal discomfort

Spontaneously disappear after a year

Case Study Overview

What are Warts?

Non-cancerous skin growths in the epidermis

Caused mostly by HPV-1, 2 and 4

Usually skin-colored and feel rough to the touch

Several types:

Common warts

Foot (planar) warts

Flat warts

Fig. 1 HPV infecting theepidermis

Fig. 2 More extreme case of common warts.

Question I

Will this virus infection spread toother body parts?

Transmission via contact

Infection of basal cells of epidermis

Breach in the skin predisposing factor

There is a possibility of spreading warts to other parts of your body through breaks in the skin.

Question IIAfter its disappearance, is the infection

likely to be completely resolvedor persist in the host?

Immunocompetent persons:

Once infected with a specific HPV type, it is unlikely

Immunosuppressed persons:

Can present with numerous treatment resistant wartsRecurrent infections with same HPV type

Question IIIWhat viral, cellular, and host conditions regulate

the replication of this virus and other HPV’s?

Question IIIWhat viral, cellular, and host conditions regulate

the replication of this virus and other HPV’s?

• The Virus– icosahedral particle, 72 capsomers– Closed, circular dsDNA

• The Virus– icosahedral particle, 72 capsomers– Closed, circular dsDNA

computer colorized EM image of Papillomavirus

capsid

Genomic organization of HPV-16

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication– Replicates and assembles in the nucleus– Dependent on:

• transcription is tightly regulated by the differentiation state of the infected epithelial cell

– Replicates and assembles in the nucleus– Dependent on:

• transcription is tightly regulated by the differentiation state of the infected epithelial cell

DNA ReplicationDNA Replication

QIV:How would the papilloma type causing this

infection be identified?

QIV:How would the papilloma type causing this

infection be identified?

What is knownWhat is known

Disease HPV type

Common warts 2, 7

Plantar warts 1, 2, 4

Flat cutaneous warts 3, 10

Anogenital warts6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 55 and

others

Genital malignancies16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39,

45, 51

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis more than 15 types

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (oral) 13, 32

Oral papillomas 6, 7, 11, 16, 32

Detection MethodsDetection Methods

• Clinical Recognition• PCR and RT-PCR• PCR Cloning and Sequencing• Standard enzyme linked

immunosorbent assay (ELISA)• Histological Analysis

• Clinical Recognition• PCR and RT-PCR• PCR Cloning and Sequencing• Standard enzyme linked

immunosorbent assay (ELISA)• Histological Analysis

QV: Is it likely that this type of HPV is associated with human cancer?

QV: Is it likely that this type of HPV is associated with human cancer?• This type of HPV is not associated

with human cancer• HPV-2 (hand warts)• Common skin wart• Does not cause genital warts• Not associated with development

of cancer

• This type of HPV is not associated with human cancer

• HPV-2 (hand warts)• Common skin wart• Does not cause genital warts• Not associated with development

of cancer

Which types of HPV are associated with cancer?Which types of HPV are associated with cancer?

15 classified as “high-risk”HPV Strains:

o 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,73, &82

o 16 & 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers

o 2 types of cervical cancer (squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma)

15 classified as “high-risk”HPV Strains:

o 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,73, &82

o 16 & 18 cause 70% of cervical cancers

o 2 types of cervical cancer (squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma)

oAnal cancer, vulvar cancer, penile cancer, and throat cancer

o3 classified as probable high-risk (HPV-26,53, &66)

o12 classified as “low-risk” (HPV-6,11,40,42,43,44,54,61,70,72,81, &CP6108)

HPV and Cancer

HPV- Induced CancersHPV- Induced Cancers

http://HPV_tree_1.png

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References

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