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Potential from an alternating current source, which can either be 2 phase or 3 phase, flows through the coiled

Nichrome wire, heating up the wire, which in turn, heats the cartridge heater sheath.

Insulation

Insulation is used to prevent the Nichrome coil to contact the sheath. If such event happened, it would ground

the resistance and potentially produce a catastrophic short-circuit, resulting in a melted sheath and a major

equipment failure. Damage can be mitigated by installing a ground fault interuping circuit. To prevent the coilfrom touching the sheath, the coil is inserted into the sheath, and immediately filled with Magnesium Oxide

(MgO). To ensure the MgO fills the empty space between the sheath and the coil, the cartridge heater is

vibratory filled.

Sheath

The sheath is the part of the cartridge heater which makes contact with the material or substance to be heated.

Several metal alloys are used, depending on the type of application, such as highly acidic or corrosive

environments. The most common types of sheaths are 304 Stainless Steel, 316 Stainless Steel, and Incoloy 800.

Incoloy has the highest temperature rating, it is considered a Superalloy.

Sealing

After the cartridge heater has been filled with MgO, a seal is applied to the open end of the cartridge heater

(where the Nicrome coil was introduced), this prevents the coil and the MgO from coming out. Also, it prevents

contamination, such as plastic debris, air, or moisture, to go inside the heater.

Termination

Since cartridge heaters are installed in a wide variety of machines, manufacturers must design the heaters to meet

certain clearances.[4] [dead link] The cartridge heaters might be terminated with the leads coming out straight, or

in a right angle. Also, manufacturer must be careful that the leads are not exposed to temperatures higher than

the maximum rating for the lead wire. In order to prevent lead wire damage from temperature, movement or

contamination, the lead wire can be protected with metal conduit, braided metal or silicone sleeves.[5]

Lead wire type

Depending on the clearance and the design of the machine where the cartridge heater will be inserted, the type

of wire used will vary. Fiberglass is the commonly used for cartridge heaters and other high temperature

applications, such as automotive wiring harnesses and industrial equipment. Other variants used are silicone

impregnated fiber glass and silicone rubber.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicone_rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiberglasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_heater#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartridge_heater#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superalloyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stainless_Steelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_Oxide


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Cold Cartridge Heater

Hot Cartridge Heater

References

1. ^ http://www.omega.com/prodinfo/cartridgeheaters.html

2. ^ http://www.process-heating.com/Articles/Feature_Article/154bd7dd2f268010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____

3. ^ http://www.freek-heaters.com/products/cartridge_heaters/cartridge_heaters.php

4. ^ http://www.bigchiefheaters.com/insert1h.htm

5. ^ http://freek-heaters.com/products/cartridge_heaters/options_for_cartridge_heaters.php

External links

Watt Density Chart (http://www.omega.com/prodinfo/cartheat_fig1.html)

Sheath Materials (http://www.marathonheater.com/english/cartridge-heaters/cartridge-options/sheath-

materials)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cartridge_heater&oldid=538206833"Categories: Heating

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