card sorting for information architecture: usage areas, methods and samples iatagung frankfurt ::...
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Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Card Sorting for Information Architecture
Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
Steffen Schilb ([email protected])
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Outline
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
1.Introduction2.Card Sorting: The Standard Method3.Cluster Analysis4.Computer-Based Card Sorting5.Card Sorting Variants6.Conclusion7.References8.Questions and Discussion
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Introduction
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
1Introduction
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Introduction: Why do People browse the Internet?
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
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Introduction: Why do People browse the Internet?
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Typical User Behaviour (Wodtke, 2003)
• Search for specific Information
• Complete a Task
• Browsing around
ProblemInformation cannot be found
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Introduction:Why does this happen?
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Hierarchy, Navigation Scheme
No intuitive Navigation Scheme, Hierarchy
People expect Content somewhere else
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Introduction:Why does this happen?
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Misunderstood Wording
Inconsistent Terms
English Vs. German
Ambiguous Terms
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Introduction
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
How can this be improved?
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Introduction: How can this be improved?
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
With Card Sorting
• Users group the Contents and develop a Hierarchy themselves
• Helps to understand how Users group Information
• Can provide insight into mental Model
• Serves as helpful Input to specify IA
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Introduction
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Benfits of Card Sorting
• Simple, Cheap, Quick
• Established
• Involves Users
• Flexible
• Provides good Results
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Introduction
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Usage Areas
• Designing a new Site
• Designing a new Area of a Site
• Redesigning a Site
• Early Stages of Prototyping
• Large Websites
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Card Sorting: The Standard Method
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
2Card Sorting:The Standard Method
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Card Sorting: The Standard Method
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Preparation
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Card Sorting: The Standard Method
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Preparation
• Write down the Topics
• Write each Content on a Card
• Size of Cards should be manageable
• Number of Cards should be manageable (30-100)
• Label is extremely important
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Card Sorting: Preparation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Same Level of Detail Politics
Album Charts
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Card Sorting: Preparation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Cover one distinguished Content
Tennis
Icehockey
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Card Sorting: Preparation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Describe the Content in a unambiguous Way
Inspiration
Opening Hours
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Card Sorting: Preparation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Before the Exercise starts...
• Define Test Conditions (Single, Group,...)
• Select Participants
• Invite Participants
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Card Sorting: Conducting the Exercise
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Conducting the Exercise
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Card Sorting: Conducting the Exercise
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Procedure
• Welcome Participants
• Introduce Card Sorting Method
• Give Instructions• Sorting out Cards• Sorting into multiple Categories
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Card Sorting: Conducting the Exercise
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Step 1: Sorting the Cards
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Card Sorting: Conducting the Exercise
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Step 2: Finalizing the Sorting
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Card Sorting: Conducting the Exercise
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Step 3: Labeling the Clusters
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Card Sorting: Closed Card Sorting
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Variant: Closed Card Sorting
• Categories are predefined
• Top-down Approach
• Redesign/Relaunch of Websites
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Card Sorting: Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
(Manual) Analysis
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Card Sorting: Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Analysis Methods
• Documention
• „Data-Eyeballing“
• Spreadsheet Analysis
• (Clusteranalysis)
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Card Sorting: Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Data-Eyeballing
• Look for dominant Organization Schemes (Patterns)
• Adjust Scheme to make kinds of Categories consistent
• Set asside the odd Categories that don‘t match
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Card Sorting: Data-Eyeballing
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Result: Simple TaxonomySport
Fussball1. Bundesliga2. Bundesliga...
TennisWeltranglisteATP-Turniere...
BasketballNBA...
PolitikAktuelles
Aus aller WeltDeutschland...
InnenpolitikNews...
AußenpolitikEuropa...
WirtschaftDeutschland
News...
WeltweitNews...
BörseNewsDAXDow-Jones...
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Card Sorting: Data-Eyeballing
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Attributes of Data-Eyeballing
• Efficient
• Easy and fast
But:
• Highly subjective
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Card Sorting: Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Spreadsheet Analysis
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Card Sorting: Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Spreadsheet Analysis
• More information can be found atBoxes and Arrows: Analyzing Card Sort Results with a Spreadsheet Template
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Cluster Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
3Cluster Analysis
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Cluster Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Cluster Analysis
• Statistical Analysis Method for identifying Groups
• Most common Analysis Method
• Mostly done with Computer
• Procedure:• Step 1: Distance Matrix• Step 2: Tree Diagram
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Cluster Analysis
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
ExampleParticipant 1
ProjekteAG‘sAktuelle Projekte
StudentischesFachbereicheInsitute
CampusLageplanAnreise
Participant 2Aktivitäten
AG‘sAktuelle Projekte
StudiumFachbereicheInstitute
Allgemeine InfosLageplanAnreise
Participant 3Aktivitäten
AG‘s
StudiumFachbereicheAktuelle ProjekteInstitute
InformationenLageplanAnreise
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix P1AG‘s
Aktuelle Projekte
Fach-bereiche
Institute Lageplan Anreise
AG‘s 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Aktuelle Projekte 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fach-bereiche 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Insitute 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Lageplan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Anreise 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix P1AG‘s
Aktuelle Projekte
Fach-bereiche
Institute Lageplan Anreise
AG‘s 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Aktuelle Projekte 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fach-bereiche 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Insitute 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Lageplan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Anreise 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix P1 + P2AG‘s
Aktuelle Projekte
Fach-bereiche
Institute Lageplan Anreise
AG‘s 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Aktuelle Projekte 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Fach-bereiche 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Insitute 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Lageplan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Anreise 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
ExampleParticipant 1
ProjekteAG‘sAktuelle Projekte
StudentischesFachbereicheInsitute
CampusLageplanAnreise
Participant 2Aktivitäten
AG‘sAktuelle Projekte
StudiumFachbereicheInstitute
Allgemeine InfosLageplanAnreise
Participant 3Aktivitäten
AG‘s
StudiumFachbereicheAktuelle ProjekteInstitute
InformationenLageplanAnreise
![Page 40: Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb Card Sorting for Information](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051613/5513c35c5503463a298b4a9c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix (P1+P2)+P3AG‘s
Aktuelle Projekte
Fach-bereiche
Institute Lageplan Anreise
AG‘s 1.00 0.33 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Aktuelle Projekte 0.33 1.00 0.67 0.67 1.00 1.00
Fach-bereiche 1.00 0.67 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
Insitute 1.00 0.67 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Lageplan 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00
Anreise 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
How to calculate
∑KF(AF/BF) =
Kt(At/Bt)
Tt=1
T
K: Relative CoordinateA: Relative X-CoordinateB: Relative Y-CoordinateF: Final MatrixT: Number of Participants
t: Participant
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Cluster Analysis: Distance Matrix
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
From Distance Matrix to Tree Diagrams
• Single Linkage Algorithm
• Complete Linkage Algorithm
• Average Linkage Algorithm
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Distance Matrix
AG‘s ASTAAktuelle Projekte
Alumni
AG‘s 1.00 0.69 0.42 0.83
ASTA 0.69 1.00 0.92 0.81
Aktuelle Projekte 0.42 0.92 1.00 0.86
Alumni 0.83 0.81 0.86 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
How it works
• Pair (Aktuelle Projekte/AG‘s) is most frequently grouped together (58%)
• Combine Pair to one Cluster and calculate new Distances
• d(E; CE1 + CE2) = min{d(E;CE1), d(E;CE2)}
• d(ASTA; AG‘s + Aktuelle Projekte) = min{d(ASTA;AG‘s), d(ASTA; Aktuelle Projekte)} = min{0.69, 0.92}= 0.69
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
New Distance MatrixAG‘s+
Aktuelle Projekte
ASTA Alumni
AG‘s+Aktuelle Projekte
1.00 0.69 0.83
ASTA 0.69 1.00 0.81
Aktuelle Projekte 0.83 0.81 1.00
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Steps
1. AG‘s+Aktuelle Projekte 0.42
2. (AG‘s+Aktuelle Projekte)+ASTA 0.69
3. ((AG‘s+Aktuelle Projekte)+ASTA)+Alumni 0.81
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Final DendogramAG‘s
AktuelleProjekte
ASTA
Alumni
0.00 0.50 1.00
0.42 0.69 0.81
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Cluster Analysis: Single Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Attributes
• min{0.69;0.92}=0.69
• Nearest-Neighboor-Method
• Minimum-Distance Rule
• Chaining Phenomenon
• Isolates Outliners (Most important Attribute)
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Cluster Analysis: Complete Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Attributes
• max{0.69;0.92}=0.92
• Furthest-Neighboor-Method
• A lot of small Groups are formed
• Large groups are mostly formed at the End
• Does not identify Outliners well
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Cluster Analysis: Average Linkage Algorithm
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Attributes
• 0,5x(0.69) + 0,5x(0.92) = 0.80
• Takes mean Distance
• No Chaining Phenonemon
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Computer-Based Card Sorting
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
4Computer-BasedCard Sorting
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Computer-Based Card Sorting
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Some Tools
• EZSort
• CardSort
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Computer-Based Card Sorting: EZSort
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
EZSort
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Computer-Based Card Sorting: EZSort
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Features
• Most common Card Sorting Tool
• Developed by IBM in 1998
• USort for Sorting the Cards (Open Card Sort)
• EZCalc for Clusteranalysis
• Windows-only
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Computer-Based Card Sorting: CardSort
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
CardSort
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Computer-Based Card Sorting: CardSort
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Features
• Developed in 2003
• www.cardsort.net
• Allows only Card Sorting (open and closed)
• Analysis with EZCalc
• Cross-plattform
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Computer-Based Card Sorting
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Other Tools
• CardZorthttp://condor.depaul.edu/~jtoro/cardzort/
• CardSwordhttp://cardsword.sourceforge.net/
• WebSorthttp://www.websort.net/
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Card Sorting Variants
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
5Card SortingVariants
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Card Sorting Variants
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Card Sorting Variants
• Card Sorting with Subgroups
• Labeling the Contents
• Rating the Contents
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Card Sorting Variants: Card Sorting with Subgroups
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Card Sorting with Subgroups
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Card Sorting Variants: Card Sorting with Subgroups
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Attributes
• Adding an additional Sorting Step
• First: Forming Clusters (Subgroups)
• Second: Forming Major Clusters
• Third: Labeling the (Major) Clusters
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Card Sorting Variants: Labeling the Contents
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Labeling the Contents
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Card Sorting Variants: Labeling the Contents
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Labeling the Contents
• Cards represent Content Descriptions
• Users label the Contents
On this page, students register online for their courses.
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Card Sorting Variants: Rating the Contents
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Rating the ContentsGerry McGovern (2002)
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Card Sorting Variants: Rating the Contents
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Begriff 20
Step 1
Step 2
Begriff 14
Begriff 7
Begriff 4
Begriff 23
Begriff 6
Begriff 24
Begriff 16
Begriff 1
Begriff 2
Begriff 1Begriff 3
Begriff 5
Begriff 8
Begriff 9
Begriff 10
Begriff 11
Begriff 13
Begriff 15
Begriff 17
Begriff 1Begriff 18
Begriff 21
Begriff 22
Begriff 25
Begriff 26
Begriff 4
Begriff 6
Begriff 7
Begriff 14
Begriff 16
Begriff 19
Begriff 20
Begriff 23
Begriff 24
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Conclusion
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
6Conclusion
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Conclusion
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Summary
• Card Sorting is an easy and cheap Method to get an Insight into the users‘ mental Model
• Many different Variants
• Not a silver Bullet
• Generates Suggestions for Navigation, Hierarchy, Wording
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Conclusion
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Summary
• Can be done paper-based or computer-based
• Computer-based Method is better for Analysis-> Clusteranalysis
• Manual Method is easier for Users to handle
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Conclusion
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Keep in Mind
• Only for large Websites
• Users‘ Tasks are not integrated
• May capture “Surface” Characteristics only
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References
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
7References
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References
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Links, Books, Articles
• IAWiki Card Sortinghttp://www.iawiki.net/CardSorting
• Boxes and Arrowshttp://www.boxesandarrows.com
• James Robertsonhttp://www.steptwo.au
• Donna Maurerhttp://www.maadmob.net/donna/
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Card Sorting Variants: Card-Based Classification Evaluation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Thank you!
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Computer-Based Card Sorting
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
8Questions and Discussion
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Card Sorting Variants: Card-Based Classification Evaluation
Card Sorting for Information Architecture: Usage Areas, Methods and Samples
IATagung Frankfurt :: 28./29.05.2005 :: Steffen Schilb
Further Questions?Contact me!