CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Carbohydrates Contain the Elements:Carbohydrates Contain the Elements:

CarbonCarbonHydrogenHydrogenOxygenOxygen

They Are Split Into Three Groups Known As:They Are Split Into Three Groups Known As:

MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides(Monomers) (Monomers) DisaccharidesDisaccharides(Dimers)(Dimers)PolsaccharidesPolsaccharides(Polymers)(Polymers)

Carbohydrates

•Many carbohydrates are soluble in water.

•The usual chemical test for the simpler carbohydrates is heating with Benedicts solution.

•The formula for a carbohydrate is (CH2O)n

•The n represents the number of times the CH2O unite is repeated.

Monosaccharides(monos)

The Most Important Monosaccharide IsThe Most Important Monosaccharide Is

Glucose.Glucose.

A Monosaccharide is made up of 1 sugar unit.A Monosaccharide is made up of 1 sugar unit. Monos are reducing sugars. Monos are reducing sugars. Fructose and Galactose are all so Fructose and Galactose are all so

Monosaccharides, Monosaccharides, They all have the same They all have the same chemical formula but different structures.chemical formula but different structures.

Glucose

The chemical formula The chemical formula for glucose is for glucose is CC66HH1212OO6.6.

It is a six sided ring.It is a six sided ring.

The structure on the The structure on the left is a simplified left is a simplified structure of glucosestructure of glucose

Glycosidic Bond This is when two monosaccharides join to form This is when two monosaccharides join to form

a Disaccharide.a Disaccharide.

The reaction is similar to condensation.The reaction is similar to condensation.

The reaction involves the water been given off.The reaction involves the water been given off.

There are three types of Disaccharides:There are three types of Disaccharides:

1.1. SucroseSucrose

2.2. LactoseLactose

3.3. MaltoseMaltose

Glycosidic Bond

Above is the structures of aAbove is the structures of a Glycosidic bond.Glycosidic bond.

It forms aIt forms a Disaccharide Disaccharide

Structural formula The structural The structural formula for formula for Maltose.Maltose.

The structural The structural formula for formula for Lactose. Lactose.

Hydrolysis

This is the breaking down of a glycosidic bond.This is the breaking down of a glycosidic bond.

Instead of water been taken away water is Instead of water been taken away water is added.added.

LysisLysis means splitting. means splitting.

By Sarah KennedyBy Sarah Kennedy

Tutor Mr RotheryTutor Mr Rothery

Data 14.11.02Data 14.11.02