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THEME: Melody of Prayer- The Meaning of the 8 Tones by Fr. Richard Andrews March 17 Plagal 4th Tone and Conclusion Items Needed- Green Hymnal, Lawrence Hymnal, Apolyikia & Kontakia Book by Fr. Evagoras C., Keyboard, photocopies of scale and Byzantine notes, Cycles of Worship handout, Eastern Fathers Concerning Psalmody handout & summary of Byzantine Sacred Music & Hymnology. Categorize Hymns by Tone, Holy Week Book; Chant “Theos Kyrios…God is the Lord…” It is one of the few hymns that is sung in all eight tones (like Kyrie Ekekraxa, Tin timoteran, Pasa pnoe), it will be very helpful to us in comparing the different characteristics in each tone. Review: Tone One, which is called Dorian by the ancient Greeks, is distinguished by a magnificent, happy, and earthy character. Tone Two is called Lydian by the ancient Greeks, is distinguished by a languid, moving, and graceful character. It can inspire majesty, gentleness and hope, or repentance and sadness. Third Tone is called Phrygian by the ancient Greeks, has an almost arrogant, brave, and mature air. Fourth Tone- Called Mixolydian by the ancient Greeks, possesses a festive, dancing flavor, is joyous and capable of expressing deep piety. Plagal First Tone- called Hyperdorian by the ancient Greeks, is derived from Tone I. Plagal means to change or alter. This tone is stimulating, dancing, and rhythmical. Plagal Second Tone –Called Hypolydian by the ancient Greeks, it is distinguished by its rich texture, funeral character, and generally sorrowful tone. Varis or Grave Tone- Called Vareis, meaning grave in Greek, was known as Hypophrygian by the ancient Greeks and is distinguished by a manly character and strong melody. Plagal 4th Tone- Aka incorrectly as Tone 8, it is called Hypomixolydian by the ancient Greeks. This also favorite tone of the Church This tone creates an air of humility, tranquility, and repose, expressing in many cases suffering and pleading. At the end of each of the eight Tones in the Paraklitiki there is a short set of doggerel lines describing the characteristics of the Tone in question.

Seal of the tones, O Plagal of the Fourth, As bearing in yourself all fairest sounds. You broaden out the ranges of the songs, The final flourish of the Tones, and end. As limit in both notes and voices’ pitch, Limit of sound I call you

twice, and end. Hymns- Resurrectional Apolytikion- “Ex Ypsous Katelthes…From on high…” GH89; Kontakion of Lent- “Tn Ypermacho…To you as champion…” GH98; Compline- “Kyrie twv Dynameon…Lord of the powers…” GH112; Canon of the Cross “Stavron charaxas Moises…”, the Troparion for the Holy Fathers “Yperdedoxomenos Xriste…Unending glory…” KL170-71; and the Troparion of Pentecost “Eulogetos n Xriste o Theos…Most Blessed Art Thou…” GH115; St. Gregory Palamas “Orthodoxias o Fostir…Light of Orthodoxy…” KL132-35; St. John Climacus “Tais ton dakryon sou…Like warm and gentle rain…” KL136-39; St. Mary of Egypt “En soi meter…In you holy mother…” KL140-42; Kontakion Pascha “Ei kai en tafo…Into the grave…” KL274-77; Kontakion of Pentecost “Ote katabas…When He came down…” KL280-81 Lower Tetrachord (Ne) Slower Melodies: Funeral- “Meta ton Agion…Among Your Saints…” GH123 & “Aionia n Mneme…Eternal Memory…” GH124 ??? Koinonika or Communion Hymns “Tou Deipnon Sou…Of Your mystical supper…” GH97; “Soma Christou…Body of Christ…” GH104; “Lytrosin Apesteile…The Lord has sent…” GH106; St. Basil Liturgy “Epi soi xairei…In you o woman” KL298-301 First Tone: Baptism-“Osoi Eis Xriston…Those who have been baptized…” GH109; Vespers- “Kyrie Exkeraxa…Lord I call…” GH119; Megalynarion Pascha “O aggelos eboa…The Angel Cried…” KL304-07 Varis Tone: Artoklasia- “Plousioi Eptocheusan…Wealthy can become poor…” GH116

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Conclusion Web Resources: http://www.goarch.org/multimedia/isos/isosfall1999 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octoechos http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_music http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Intro.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatonic http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enharmonic_genus http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_genus http://holycrossonline.org/our_ministries/parish_ministries/chant/byzantine_chant/ http://www.anastasis.org.uk http://www.theologian.org/chant/ www.liturigica.com http://stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Index.html http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/NotationB.htm http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Epilogue.htm http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Inton-new.pdf http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Links.htm http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/Armonion.pdf http://www.stanthonysmonastery.org/music/encyclical.pdf www.analogion.com http://www.anastasis.org.uk/liturgic.htm http://byzantine.orthodoxwomensnetwork.org/ http://www.christopherklitou.com/downloads_services.htm http://www.churchmusic.goarch.org http://www.newbyz.org/ http://analogion.net/glt/ http://www.musicale.gr/byzantina/ymnoi/index1_en.html