byzantium and russia
DESCRIPTION
world history Byzantine Empire Rise of RussiaTRANSCRIPT
Try to finish up by the time we start… Grab a book. Look at pages 30 and 31 Define the words listed for 1 and 2 Add caesaropapism to your list to define
The Byzantine Empire and Russia
Byzantium and Russia
330-1613
Constantinople Originally Byzantion/Byzantium, market
town on Bosporous Strait Constantine named it Constantinople and
made it the capital of the E. Roman Empire City kept its name from 340 CE – 1453 CE
Crossroads – access to Anatolia, SW Asia, SE Europe, etc.
The Byzantine Court Caesaropapism – emperor rules not only as
a secular lord, but also plays prominent role in ecclesiastical (church) affairs
Heavily jeweled crowns, silk robes of dark, rich purple (the color reserved for imperial use)
Justinian (527-565 CE) “the sleepless emperor” Theodora Construction project remade the city
Hagia Sophia – one of world’s greatest examples of Christian architecture
Gold, silver, gems, precious stones, and healing pwrs
Justinian Code Systematic review and improvement of Roman
law Body of the Civil Law
Autocrat
Hagia Sophia
So cool… When Muslims tried to invade Byzantium, the Byzantines
use “Greek fire” – (basically ancient napalm) – against the fleets and ground forces
Greek fire even burns as it floats on water – very hazardous to wooden ships
Mix of quicklime, petroleum, and sulfur
Byzantine empire loses some landholdings, but still maintains Anatolia, Greece, and Balkans
“Theme” system – imperial province (theme) under jurisdiction of a general Military defense and civil
administration Quick mobilization Byzantine empire expands
as each theme’s military can gradually spread outward
Basil the Bulgar Slayer – blinded 14,000
The blind leading the blind….ha ha….
Iconoclasm
Icons – particularly popular in Byzantine churches People prayed to images of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints Pope Leo believed veneration of religious images was sinful Also disagree over
Sacrament of communion Whether priests should be allowed to marry Use of local languages in church
1054 – Great Schism
The Great Schism - 1054 Violent battles within the
empire West – pope
excommunicated emperor Pope wants emperor to
recognize the Roman Catholic Church as the head and mother or the churches
Great Schism – 1054 Eastern Orthodox –
Byzantine Greek and later
Russian Roman Catholic Church
Rome, Europe, etc.
Trade Crossroads for Eurasia Commercial links between manufacturers and merchants between
central Asia, Russia, Scandinavia, northern Europe, and lands of the Black Sea and Mediterranean basin
Bezant – Byzantine gold coin Very wealthy from control of trade and levying of custom duties
China India Persia Western Europe Russia and Scandinavia – timber, furs, honey, amber, and slaves
Banks, business partnerships, loans for business ventures Pool resources and limit risks
Effects of the Crusades During 4th Crusade
Constantinople is attacked Plundered and burned Ruled for 50 years Empire never quite
recovers, Venetian merchants gain upperhand
Istanbul v. Constantinople 1453 – Ottoman forces
take over Ancient Christian city is
overturned Istanbul becomes capital
of Ottoman Empire Hagia Sophia is turned
into a mosque and turets are added
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mv-KcF3Rkv8&feature=related
Arts Mosaics Icons Greek, Roman, Persian, and other Middle
Eastern styles blend together
10.2 The Rise of Russia HUGE Borders both Europe and China, touches the
Baltic Sea and the Pacific Ocean Is Russia part of Europe or Asia? Northern forests – poor soil, cold, snowy climate South – band of fertile land, attracted farmers
(modern day Ukraine) Southern steppe – open, treeless grassland,
nomadic people, herds and horses Dnieper and Volga River – major trade routes
Kiev Slavs expand into southern Russia Varangians (Russian word for Vikings) – trade
with Slavs, Kiev becomes a midpoint between Scandinavia and Constantinople
Cyril and Methodius Missionaries from Constantinople, adapt Greek alphabet
to Slavic language – develops Cyrillic (still used in Ukraine and Russia)
Byzantine Christianity Onion domes from Byzantium
Yaroslav the Wise 1019 – 1054 Improved code of
law Arranged marriages
between his kids and the royal families of Western Europe
Mongol Conquest A young leader
united the nomadic Mongols of central Asia
Overrun lands from China to Eastern Europe – dubs himself “Genghis Khan” – “world emperor”
The Golden Horde 1236-1241 – Batu, Genghiz’s grandson leads
Mongol armies into Russia “Golden Horde” because of the color of their tents Loot and burn Kiev and many other Russian
towns “no eye remained to weep for the dead” Rule from a capital on the Volga for the next 240
years ***This is Russia’s dormant/stagnant period***
240 Years of Mongol Rule Women become especially subservient to their
husbands. (Husbands can even sell their wives into slavery to pay family debts)
Absolute power Mongols have will serve as an inspiration for Russian rulers later on
Mongols severed Russian ties to Western Europe at a time when Europeans were making rapid advances in the arts and sciences
Moscow Steadily becomes a
political and spiritual center Princes in Moscow
slowly gain pwr against Mongols
Became the capital of the Russian Orthodox Church
Ivan the Great Ivan III – 1462-1505 Brought much of N. Russia under his rule Built the framework for absolute rule Worked to limit the boyars powers
Boyars – Russian, land-owning nobles Adopted the rituals of the fallen empire’s traditions to
emphasize Russia’s role as the heir to Byzantine power Double-headed eagle symbol
Titles himself Czar (Russian for caesar) “the czar is in nature like all men, but in authority he
is like the highest God”
Ivan the IV Grandson of Ivan III Further centralized royal
power (more for him) Limited the privileges of the
old boyar families Granted land to nobles in
exchange for military or other service
Introduced more laws to tie serfs to the land
How Ivan the IV earns his title Ivan the Terrible
Becomes unstable Trusts no one – became subject to violent fits of
rage Killed his own son Organized the ophrichniki – agents of terror who
enforced the czar’s rule Slaughter rebellious nobles Sacked towns where disloyalty was
suspected Dog’s head and a broom
Leaves a land of seething with rebellion – but! He introduces Russia to a tradition of extreme absolute power and oppression