By

Pakeerat Chuprayoon

Wannaporn Dechpinya

Electronic Numerical Integrator Electronic Numerical Integrator

and Computerand Computer

The world’s The world’s firstfirst eletronic digital eletronic digital

computer computer

It It was conceived and designed by was conceived and designed by John William Mauchly John William Mauchly andand J. Presper EckertJ. Presper Eckert of the University of the University of Pennsylaniaof Pennsylania

John William Mauchly

J. Presper Eckert

weighed thirty tons, and consumed two weighed thirty tons, and consumed two hundred kilowatts of power hundred kilowatts of power

Vacuum tube, over 19,000 of themVacuum tube, over 19,000 of them fifteen hundred relays fifteen hundred relays

and hundreds of thousands and hundreds of thousands of resistors, capacitors, of resistors, capacitors, and inductor and inductor

They were arranged in a "U" shape, with They were arranged in a "U" shape, with three panels on wheelsthree panels on wheels

An IBM card An IBM card and card punchand card punch

The function of the machine was split into eight basic circuit components :- the accumulator - buffer- initiator - gate- master programmer- multiplier, divider/square-root- function tables

The ENIAC was programmed by wiring cable connections and setting three thousand switch on the table

Another drawback on the machine was a side effect of its reliance on vacuum tubes, which tended to burn out very often

Construction of the ENIAC was completed in the fall of 1945

Its very first application as to solve atomic enery problems for the

Manhattan Project

Result of works in the first yearResult of works in the first year compute ballistic trajectories compute ballistic trajectories weather predictionweather prediction cosmic ray studies in astronomycosmic ray studies in astronomy random number studiesrandom number studies Designing wind tunnelDesigning wind tunnel

“ABC”

Atanasoff-Berry Computer

•In 1973 a U.S. District Court invalidated the

ENIAC patent and concluded that ABC was the first “COMPUTER”

• The first electronic digital computing device

Atanasoff-Berry Computer replica at 1st floor or Durham Center, Iowa State University

The machine was conceived in 1937 by Dr.Atanasoff and Clifford E.Berry.

Dr.Atanasoff Clifford E.Berry

The ABC innovation included electronic The ABC innovation included electronic computation, binary arithmetic, parallel computation, binary arithmetic, parallel processing, regenerative memory, and processing, regenerative memory, and separation of memory and computing separation of memory and computing functions.functions.

The system weighed more than 700 poundsThe system weighed more than 700 pounds

It contained approximately 1 mile of wire, 280 It contained approximately 1 mile of wire, 280 dual-triode vacuum tubes, 31 thyratrons.dual-triode vacuum tubes, 31 thyratrons.

1. Using binary digits

2. Performing all calculations using electronics

3. Computation and memory are separated.

* The memory was a pair of drums, each containing 1600 capacitors.

* The logic functions were fully electronic, implemented with vacuum tubes.

* It was not able to run entirely automatically through an entire problem.

Input and Output

Primary user I/O Intermediate results I/O

The ABC was designed for a specific purpose, The ABC was designed for a specific purpose, the solution of systems of simultaneous linear the solution of systems of simultaneous linear equations.equations.

The original ABC was eventually dismantled, The original ABC was eventually dismantled, when the University converted the basement to when the University converted the basement to classrooms, and all of its pieces except for one classrooms, and all of its pieces except for one memory drum were discarded.memory drum were discarded.

Name Year Digital Binary Elec-

tronic

program-mable

Turing complete

ABC 1937 -

1942

Yes Yes Yes No No

ENIAC 1946 Yes No Yes Partially, by

rewiring

Yes