Introduction to Microprocessors

and Digital Logic (ME262)

Spring 2011

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Course Note

Introduction to Microprocessors and Digital Logic Course Note

Campus Copy, EIT2022

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Optional Text Book

Author: M. M. Mano

Prentice Hall, 4th edition,

ISBN: 013198924-3

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Outline 1. Number Systems

2. Basic Gates

3. Boolean Algebra and Logic Equations

4. Combinational Logic

5. PLC and PLC Programming

6. Sequential Logic

7. Sensor and Sensor Technology

8. Computer and Computer Interfacing

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Midterm (15 June 2011)

Course Website

http://mme.uwaterloo.ca/~me262

Announcements

Slides

Assignments and solutions

Tutorial problems and solutions

Supplementary documents

Copyright permission only for educational purposes at UW 5

Grading Policy

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1. 20% Labs (attendance, finishing the lab

assignments, and writing reports)

2. 30% Midterm (15 June 2011)

3. 50% Final (TBA)

Laboratory

PLC Programming I

• No Report

PLC Programming II

• Report

Assembly Language I

• No Report

Assembly Language II

• Report

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Looks Simple but a Confusing

Course

Labs:

Hands-on experience

with PLC

Programming and

Assembly Language

94 Brilliant

Students

Terms and Conditions

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Academic Integrity: Plagiarism will not be tolerated. UW has recently started a university-wide initiative to increase students’ awareness about the academic

integrity. Please visit the following link for further information : http://uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/ .

Grievance: A student who believes that a decision affecting some aspect of his/her university life has been unfair or unreasonable may have grounds for

initiating a grievance. Read Policy 70, Student Petitions and Grievances, Section 4, www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy70.htm. When in doubt please

be certain to contact the department’s administrative assistant who will provide further assistance.

Discipline: A student is expected to know what constitutes academic integrity [check www.uwaterloo.ca/academicintegrity/] to avoid committing an academic

offence, and to take responsibility for his/her actions. A student who is unsure whether an action constitutes an offence, or who needs help in learning how to

avoid offences (e.g., plagiarism, cheating) or about “rules” for group work/collaboration should seek guidance from the course instructor, academic advisor, or

the undergraduate Associate Dean. For information on categories of offences and types of penalties, students should refer to Policy 71, Student Discipline,

www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy71.htm. For typical penalties check Guidelines for the Assessment of Penalties,

www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/guidelines/penaltyguidelines.htm.

Appeals: A decision made or penalty imposed under Policy 70 (Student Petitions and Grievances) (other than a petition) or Policy 71 (Student Discipline) may

be appealed if there is a ground. A student who believes he/she has a ground for an appeal should refer to Policy 72 (Student Appeals)

www.adm.uwaterloo.ca/infosec/Policies/policy72.htm .

Note for Students with Disabilities: The Office for Persons with Disabilities (OPD), located in Needles Hall, Room 1132, collaborates with all academic

departments to arrange appropriate accommodations for students with disabilities without compromising the academic integrity of the curriculum. If you

require academic accommodations to lessen the impact of your disability, please register with the OPD at the beginning of each academic term.

Accept Not Accept

Frankness and academic integrity

Teaching Philosophy

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Example isn’t another way to

teach, it is the only way to teach. You cannot teach people anything.

You can only help them to

discover it within themselves.

Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember.

Involve me and I learn.

History Invention of Abacus

Abacus invented by the Babylonians sometime

between 1,000 BC and 500 BC, although some

experts claim that it was actually invented in China.

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History Invention of Abacus

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Abacus application in iPhone!

History

Invention of Slide Rule

In the early 1600s, John Napier (1550-1617) , a

Scottish mathematician, invented a tool called

Napier's Bones, which were multiplication tables

inscribed on strips of wood or bone.

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History

Invention of Calculating Machine (Pascaline)

In 1642, the first mechanical calculators

integrated from gears, was invented by Blaise Pascal

(1623-1662), the famous French philosopher and

mathematician, when he was 19 years old!

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History

Invention of Difference Machine

Charles Babbage (1791-1871) invented the first

computer pioneer and the great ancestral figure in

the history of computing by introducing Difference

Machine in 1834. This device used the principles of

modern computer.

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History Invention of ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And

Computer)

It was built in the U.S. in 1945 by J. Presper Eckert and John W.

Mauchly. The massive ENIAC, which weighed 30 tons and filled

an entire room, used about 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000

resistors, and 10,000 capacitors. In December 1945, it solved

its first problem, calculations for the hydrogen bomb! After

its official unveiling in 1946, it was used to prepare artillery-

shell trajectory tables and perform other military and scientific

calculations.

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J. Prespers Eckert

(1919-1995)

John W. Mauchly

(1907-1980)

History

Invention of Stored Program Concept

John Louis von Neumann (1903-1957), a brilliant

mathematician, invented the stored program

concept, whose logical design of the IAS machine

became the prototype of most of its successors :

the von Neumann Architecture.

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Memory

Control

Unit

Arithmetic

Logic Unit

Input Output

History

Invention of Transistor

John Bardeen (1908-1991), B. Shockley (1910-1989) and

Walter H. Brattain (1902- 1987), American physicists, co-

winners of the Nobel Prize for Physics in both 1956 and 1972,

for their joint invention of the transistor and development of

the theory of superconductivity.

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J. Bardeen (left),

W. Brattain (right),

W. Shockley (sitting)

A close-up of the first

transistor

Different type of

transistor

Generations in Computing

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1: Vacuum tube computers ( 1940s - 1 950s)

2: Transistors (1950s)

3: Integrated circuits (1960s)

4: LSI and VLSI (late 1970s to present)

Next Generation: Quantum Computing?

Applications

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Industrial computers, PLC,

Microprocessor,…

automation-drive.com

Applications

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Manufacturing Industry

usinenouvelle.com

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yf_1wfb04sI&feature=related

Applications

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Robotics

Why Digital System?

Digital systems have the following advantages over analogue

systems:

1. Storage concept can be easily implemented in digital

fashion

2. Miniaturization is doable by digital system

3. More flexible

4. More robust to noise

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“The wavy band inscribed with zeros and ones represents a flow of

information, digital communication and modern media.”

(www.gg.ca)