By: Haneen serhan Gr:5

My project is about:Qom

I wish you learn from my project.

Map of Qom

QomQom, also known as Qum or Ghom, is a city in Iran. It

lies 156 kilometers (97 mi) by road southwest of Tehran and is the capital of Qom province. At the

2006 census, its population was 957,496 in 241,827 families, now its population is 1,233,000.Area:11,526 km2

Qom is considered holy by Shi’a Islam, as it is the site of the shrine of Fatema Ma’sume, sister of Imam Ali

ibn Musa-Rida(Persian Imam Reza)This city is the largest center for Shi’a scholarship in the world. Its main languages

are: Persian, Shahsevens , and Qomi.

SeminariesQom is currently the largest center for Shi’a

scholarship in the world. There are an estimated 50,000 seminarians in the city

coming from 70 countries, including 6,000 from Pakistan alone. Qom has seminaries for women and some non-Shi’a students. Most of the seminaries teach their students modern social sciences and Western thought as well

as traditional religious studies.

About QomEvery Tuesday night, many people

visited the Jamkaran Mosque. The most famous sweet was Souhan.

Hazrat -E- Maasoume liked it a lot, many people came to buy Souhan to take it to their countries . Long ago

the water was very salty , later it got at least better to brush our teeth with

it!

Location and climate of Qom.

The climate of Qom province varies between a desert and semi-desert climate, and comprises mountainous areas, foothills and plains. Due to being located near

an arid region and far inland, it experiences a dry climate, with low humidity and scanty rainfall. Thus,

agriculture is not possible in most of its areas, especially near the salt lake regions . Qom province

has two large salt lakes, namely : Howz e Soltan Lake, which lies 36 km due north of Qom, and Namak

Lake, which lies 80 km due east of Qom. Nearly a fifth of Namak River lies within Qom province .

History of Qom

History of Qom dates back to the 5th millennium B.C when many people resided in the city. There are many ancient buildings, relics and texts which

indicate the town was a regional one and named Kum. When the Arabs invaded Iran in the 7th

century, they renamed this region as Qom. Umar ibn al-Khattab was the caliph during the invasion by the Arabs. Abou Mousa al-Ash’ari also sent his soldiers to help Arabs fight this town in 645 A.D.

This resulted in a fierce war between the two sides .

History of QomThe place came into prominence when the Seljuk dynasty ruled here too. When the Mongols entered this region, there was

destruction everywhere. When Oljeitu ruled over Iran, the ruling Mongol dynasty called the

Ilkhanate converted to Islam. The city then became very popular and underwent a revival .

History of QomHistory of Qom Shows that Tamerlane again plundered the city in the 14th century and

many people were killed. But when the town again came under the rule of Qara Koyunlu

and Aq Koyunlu tribes, followed by the Safavid Kings, it again regained its previous glory. The religious shrine in the place became the major

cause of the popularity of Qom. Shi’a Islam received great impetus with the town being a

dominant center of theology in 1503 .

History of Qom Many people came on pilgrimage to this place.

But when the Afghans again attacked the city, the people went through great difficulties. This was followed by the invasion and consequent battle between Nadir Shah and Afghans who had gone rebellious against central Iranian government ruling from Isfahan. The town also bore the brunt of the conflict between

Zandieh and Qajarieh households to rule over Iran .

History of QomWhen Agha Mohammad Khan, the founder of Qajar

dynasty, came to the throne in 1793,Qom was again re-established. Sultan Fateh Ali Shah repaired many monuments including the sepulcher and Holy Shrine of Hazrat Ma’soumeh. The city went through

prosperous times under the Qajars. Russians entered the country in 1915 and many people

shifted from Tehran to this town. A National Defense Committee was established in Tehran with Qom being the political and military center against

the British and Russian invaders. The city was a center of religious learning .

Schools and Scholarships .Some scholarships in Qom are: Marja, Hawza, Ayatollah, Allamah, Hojatoleslam, Mujtahid ,List of marjas, and List of Ayatollahs.

Qom is counted as one of the focal centers of the Shi’a both in Iran and around the globe.

Since the revolution the clerical population has risen from around 25,000 to more than 45,000 and the nonnclerical population has more than tripled to

about 700,000. The number of seminary schools in Qom is now over 50, and the number of research

institutes and libraries somewhere near 250 .

The most visited sites

Kahak caveVashnuh cave

Howz e Soltan Salt LakeNamak Great Salt LakeMar’ashi Najafi Library

with over 500,000 handwritten texts and

copies Astaneh Moqqadaseh

MuseumQom Bazaar

Feizeh seminary Jamkaran Mosque

Qom Jame’ MosqueQom Atiq Mosque

A’zam MosqueShrine of Hazrat

Ma’sumeh

Colleges and universitiesUniversity of

QomIslamic Azad

university of Qom

The Research Institute of Hawzeh va Danesgah

Computer Research Center

of Islamic Sciences

Imam Khomeini Education and

Research Institute

Qom University of Medical Sciences

Qom’s Feyzieh SeminaryPayam Noor

University of Qom

Qom PhotosHaghani CircleQom Students OrganisationUniversity of

Religions and DenominationsFatemieh School

of Medical Sciences

Qom

The town of Qom is best known for its

religious university Howzeh-ye Elmieh. It attracts a lot of students from all over Iran and the rest of the world who want to become a mullah. Imam Khomeini is probably the most famous among those who studied the Quran here.

But there are more things in Qom that are significant to Islam. The Holy Shrine of Hazrat-é Ma'sumeh is the burial place of Fatima, the daughter of the 7th Imam and sister of the Reza, the 8th Imam. It is the most important one in Qom. Only the Shrine of Imam Reza himself, in Mashhad, is even more important to the Shi'ites.

The Shrine is located in the center of Qom.When you walk around it, you can admire the wonderful mosaics, the minarets and the beautiful golden dome.

If you look the other way, you'll probably see a lot of aspirant mullahs. If you're lucky, you might find one who speaks English and wants to tell you something about what it's like to study here

It is said in most travel books that it is forbidden for non-Muslims to enter the Shrine. And it is!! Don't try to enter by yourself. However, according to the Iranian travelbook "A travel guide to Iran" by MT Faramarzi (buy it !!!), visits to the Holy Shrine can be arranged by the Islamic Culture and Guidance Office, located at Dowr-é Shahr Avenue,

Cemetery of the Iranian warriors

A few hundred meters from the Holy Shrine is the cemetery for the Iranian warriors in the

Iran Iraq war. The cemetery is decorated with beautiful wall paintings. Walking around in this

place demands for some time to remember those who got killed in this nasty war .

Questions1.List 3 visited sites.

2.List 3 colleges or universities .3 .When do many people visit the Jamkaran

Mosque?4.How many hours does it take you to go to

Qom from Tehran with a car?5.What is the most famous sweet in Qom?

Well Done!I wish you enjoyed and learned something from

this project