1 1 | The bigsell

11.A Let's promote it!

Grammar - will, may, cou/cf

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences us ing t h e w o r d s ¡n b racke ts a n d o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : will, will not, may, may not o r could. M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib le .

a If the company p romotes its p roduc ís wel l , (se l l /more) r± coold gejl more.

b If w e improve our ads, ( c u s t o m e r s / b u y / m o r e p roduc ís )

c If w e go on d iscuss ing íh is p rob lem any longer, (fall as leep)

d If w e don ' í agree on a markeí ing síraíegy, (never /dec ide o n / p r o m o l i o n campa ign)

e If you don ' í f in ish íhose leí íers soon, (m iss / íhe posí)

f If w e don ' í s ía r í l o sell more soon , (go ou í o f / business)

g If w e sell more of our Orange range, (sell l ess / Green range)

h If w e push our more sophis í ica íed p roduc ís , (a í í rac í /new cus íomers )

i If w e don ' í send the g o o d s now, (arr ive/ late)

j If w e dec ide now, (s ta r í /marke í ing c a m p a i g n / l o m o r r o w )

Vocabulary - toiletries

2 C h o o s i n g f r o m t h e b o x be low , a n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s .

shaving gel exfo l iat ing face sc rub

af íershave balm mois íur iz ing c ream

refreshing w ipes an l i -age ing c ream

suncream deodoran í hand croam

a Whaí do you use l o keep your hands so f l?

hand cre-am

b Whaí do you use l o p reven l body odou r?

c What do you use t o prevent skin f r om losing its youthfu l look?

d What do you put on l o p ro lec t yourse l f f r om ultravioleí rays?

e Whaí helps you ío shave more easi ly?

f Whaí soo lhes your skin af íer shav ing?

Business Update

g What keeps your skin so f t?

h What do you use to remove dead sk in?

i What do you use to c leanse your face and hands and make them feel g o o d ?

Wr i t e t h e ñ a m e s o f f i ve t o i l e t r y p r o d u c t s t h a t y o u use. Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y ¡f necessary .

a ¿»oa.p

b

The d i a l o g u e b e l o w has b e e n m ixed up . N u m b e r t h e sen tences in t h e co r rec t o rder .

th ink the men's range is the prior i ty. • l'm not sure. I th ink that w e al ready have our m á x i m u m share of the female market.

c Yes, that cou ld be the best use of our resources.

d l'm sure w e can do s o m e at t ract ive ads for some of the men's p roduc ts .

e Well, w e aren ' t very wel l p laced in t he men's market.

• • •

f OK. What abou t the men's range t hen?

g Only if w e make sure the ads are exci t ing.

h OK. We'll put our resources into p romot ing the men's range and mak ing sure the ads are at t ract ive!

¡ I th ink our women ' s range is our s t rong

point in the market.

j What do w e need to p romote th is year? | l [

k So do you th ink w e shou ld push tha t?

Q Pronunciation - intonation in agreeing and disagreeing

A ® CD1 T R 5 7 L is ten t o t h e d i a l o g u e s a n d s h o w w i t h an a r r o w if t h e i n t o n a t i o n g o e s up ^ — • * o r d o w n in t h e r e s p o n s e s .

a I th ink w e should push our w o m e n ' s range.

l'm not sure I agree.

b The mois tur iz ing c reams are do ing very wel l at the moment .

Yes, that 's t rue.

c We aren' t very wel l p laced w i t h men's p roduc ts .

Good point.

d We shou ld p romote the men's range.

Hang on a minute ...

e Sun p roduc ts wou ld be a terr i f ic campa ign .

OK. That 's agreed.

f The adver t is ing campa ign is go ing very wel l .

That 's wonder fu l .

B (D C D 1 T R 5 8 L is ten aga in t o t h e d i a l o g u e s . # N o w p rac t i se t h e m us ing t h e i n t o n a t i o n pa t t e rns .

11 The big sell

l l . B What did they say?

Grammar - reported speech

1 Rewr i t e t h e sen tences b e l o w in r e p o r t e d s p e e c h , us ing t h e p r o m p t a n d o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g v e r b s : say, agree o r decide.

a 'The p roduc ts are excel lent. '

The Manag ing Di rector 5-a.id -t-ha-t- une, prodoo-rs

u)e.re- e.xGe.lle.rvt.

b 'The sun p roduc ts have a very g o o d level of protect ion. '

She

c 'We l l put mos t of our resources into the women ' s range.'

They

¡ T h e prof i ts are fal l ing at the moment . '

She

j 'Sales are increasing in South East Asia.'

They

k 'I am leaving the company at the end of the month. '

She

'We have lost an excel lent employee. '

He

d T h e kids' sun spray is an innovative product . '

They

e 'We are losing our posi t ion in the market. '

They

f 'Good ! We'll p romote the mois tur izers this year.'

They

g Tha t ' s not a g o o d idea.'

She

'We haven't go t our market share w i th the men's range.'

Vocabulary - adjectives

2 Read t h e l ist o f ad jec t i ves b e l o w a n d say if t h e y ca r r y a pos i t i ve (P) o r nega t i ve (N) m e a n i n g . For t h o s e t h a t have b o t h pos i t i ve a n d nega t i ve m e a n i n g s , p u t a B f o r both.

He

a at t ract ive

b t radi t ional • c n e w • d o ld - fash ioned • e innovative • f useful • g convenient • h exci t ing • i c lassic • j estab l ished • k bor ing •

1 Business Update

Wri te d o w n t e n m o r e ad jec t i ves , f i ve t h a t have pos i t i ve m e a n i n g s a n d f i ve t h a t have nega t i ve m e a n i n g s . Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

P o s i t i v e

1 Ghe.ap

2

3

4

5

N e g a t i v e

1 aio^ioard

2

3

4

5

Use f ive o f t h e w o r d s f r o m A c t i v i t y 2 t o w r i t e a sen tence d e s c r i b i n g a p r o d u c t .

a Lolo \& an ai-traG-tive, pe-f-fome,. I-t ha-s a ve,fij u>e.ll-de.¿>igne.d bo-ti ie.. .

j loyal

k grateful

I pol i te

Q Pronunciation - responding to information

A ® C D 1 T R 5 9 L is ten t o t h e i n t o n a t i o n in t h e r emarks . Put an up a r r o w o r d o w n ^ a r r o w a f te r each remark , d e p e n d i n g o n t h e i n t o n a t i o n .

a That 's g o o d news.

b And then?

c What happened next?

d That doesn ' t make sense.

e So?

Wr i t e t h e o p p o s i t e o f t h e w o r d be low , us ing o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g p re f i xes : un~, im~, in- or dis~. Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

f That 's t rue.

a in terest ing

b conven ient

c exci t ing

d similar

e ef f ic ient

f pat ient

g emp loyed

h probable

i obed ien t

unin-te-re-s-ting

g That 's not t rue.

h Any th ing e lse?

B C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences be low.

a Intonat ion goes w h e n your

response indicates that you wan t the o ther

person t o cont inué speak ing .

b Intonation goes w h e n your

response expresses a point of v iew or an

emot ion .

11 The big sell

11.C Packaging magic

Glass b o t t l e s f o r recyc l i ng

Grammar - adjective + infinitive pattern

1 Rewr i te t h e sen tences b e l o w us ing t h e p r o m p t , t h e w o r d in b racke ts a n d o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g ad jec t i ves : easy, difficult, cheap, expensive, convenient, inconvenient o r important. M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r is poss ib l e .

a Glass is cheap. (make)

¿Ma-s-s. \s. e.a.¿>(̂ -to ma.k.e, ¿o r t i¿> che,a.p.

b It's at t ract ive. (sell)

c That packaging is very bulky! ( t ranspor t )

h The sun spray is very pract ical . (use)

¡ The men's range is our s t rong point. (p romote)

j The men's p roduc ts are bor ing. (advert ise)

2 M a k e ad jec t i ves f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g nouns , a d d i n g o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g su f f i xes : -ful, ~less, ~ive, ~y o r -en. M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib l e .

d It's go t a safety cap ! (open)

e We can use recyc led glass. (produce)

f Our packag ing is very at t ract ive. (market)

g Blister packs are very convenient. (carry around)

a expense

b help

c t ru th

d w o o d

e produc t

f excess

g hope

h use

i go ld

Business Update

Vocabulary - prepositions

3 M a t c h o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g p r e p o s i t i o n s , to, in,

on, o f o r for, t o an ad jec t i ve be low . Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

a t i red

b near

c grateful

d keen

e aware

f capab le

g f i t

h equal

i afraid

j born

k k ind

1 helpful

m f ond

n thankfu l

o g o o d

P f r iendly

4 N o w w r i t e sen tences us i ng s o m e o f t h e w o r d s f r o m A c t i v i t y 3 a n d t h e p r o m p t s be low . Wr i te b o t h a f f i rma t i ve a n d n e g a t i v e sen tences .

a your boss

l 'm no-t - k-e-e-n on mi j bo^¿». l 'm a f fa id o f he-f!

b your wo rk

c Japan

d your parents

g the c i ty cent re

h your health

¡ your f r iends

• Pronunciation - stress patterns in giving information

A <D C D 1 T R 6 0 L is ten a n d unde r l i ne t h e w o r d t h a t g i ves t h e key i n f o r m a t i o n .

a Capsules are easier to take.

b Bot t les w i th safety caps are be t te r fo r ch i ld ren.

c They are di f f icul t to open .

d Bot t les are cheaper to make.

e Plástic is imposs ib le to market in Afr ica.

® C D 1 T R 6 1 L is ten aga in a n d p rac t i se say ing t h e sen tences .

B ® C D 1 T R 6 2 L is ten a n d unde r l i ne t h e s t ressed

w o r d s in t h e q u e s t i o n s .

a Would you like capsu les or tab le ts?

b Have you go t bo t t les or cans?

c D o you wan t the green file or the red one?

d Are you go ing ou t ton igh t or t o m o r r o w n ight?

e Is it Wednesday or Thursday?

f Do you prefer footbal l or rugby?

g Do you like sof t ice c ream or hard?

h Wou ld you like still water or spark l ing?

Pract ise t h e q u e s t i o n s . Be care fu l t o s t ress t h e m cor rec t l y .

e animáis

f co l leagues

The big sell

Quiz - What do I know?

Start here •> W h a t w o u l d y o u s a y ?

What w o u l d y o u say in t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t ua t i ons? If y o u can , r e c o r d y o u r a n s w e r s a n d l i s ten t o yourse l f .

a Repor t a remark that you heard at P o i n t s work recently. Use soy, decide or ogree. / .2

b Ag ree w i th the fo l low ing sentence in th ree d i f ferent ways.

I th ink w e shou ld feature t he k ids ' sun spray in the adver t is ing campa ign . _ / 3

c D isagree w i th the fo l low ing sentence in th ree d i f ferent ways.

Let's put olí of our resources into the baby-care range. _ / 3

d Wri te t w o sentences abou t your company or your j o b using the adject ive + infinit ive pat tern. _ / 4

T o t a l / 12

N o w check y o u r a n s w e r s o n • p 1 5 8

If you have scored six or less, go to the B l u e run. If you have scored seven or more , go to the B l a c k run.

Blue run

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e c o r r e c t t e n s e o f t h e v e r b in b r a c k e t s a n d will, may, could, can o r must, w h e r e necessary .

a 1 Can I bo r row the car th is even ing?

2 If you -ra-k-e. (take) t he car, you

ma.tj r e e d (need) to put some petrol in it.

b 1 Can you tell Rob I won ' t be here t o m o r r o w ?

2 OK. I (tell) h im if I

(see) him.

c 1 Kari's not here at the moment . She's due

back in half an hour.

2 If she (come) back in half an

hour, I wa i t .

d 1 Our prof i ts are d o w n th is year.

2 If w e [sell) more of our sun

(make) bet ter p roduc ts , w e

prof i ts.

1 I need s o m e more money!

2 If you (work) harder, you

(get) a p romot ion and a pay

f 1

rise. It's not cer ta in t h o u g h !

I cannot c o m e , as I have to stay and f in ish

th is j o b .

2 If you (be) the last to leave t he

of f ice, you ( lock) up.

1 Can w e sell any more of ou r w o m e n ' s

range?

2 If w e (advert ise) wide ly , w e

(sell) more .

h 1 Come on ! If w e don ' t hurry, w e wi l l be late.

2 If _ (not f inish) my cof fee,

(wil l) never wake up !

2 Wr i t e a c o n t r a d i c t o r y s e n t e n c e t o each o f t h e c o m m e n t s b e l o w , us i ng t h e w o r d in b racke ts .

a The Manag ing Di rector said our sales were increasing. (fal l ing)

No, ¿.he. didrV-t-. She. ¿>a.id -fhe,(-j toe-fe. -falling.

b The Sales Di rector said w e needed to p romote the k ids ' p roduc ts . (women 's range)

c Human Resources said w e have recru i ted fewer staff th is year. (more staff)

d The Finance Di rector said our salaries were t o o h igh. ( too low)

e The Sales Di rector said our t ranspor te rs w e r e eff ic ient. ( ineff ic ient)

f The survey said cus tomers t hough t our p roduc ts were at t ract ive. (unatt ract ive)

g The Manag ing Di rector said w e spen t t oo much on adver t is ing. (not enough )

h The boss said w e needed new pr inters. (moni tors)

1 Us ing t h e p r o m p t s , w r i t e sen tences t o exp ress w a y s o f a g r e e i n g o r d i s a g r e e i n g . Use a d i f f e r e n t e x p r e s s i o n each t i m e .

a Our p roduc ts are t he best.

That 's -true..

b We can do bet ter w i t h our sun p roduc ts .

l'm not sure

c We have our máx imum market share already.

I don ' t

d We must p romote all our p roduc ts !

Hang on

e Our men's p roduc ts are di f f icul t to sell.

Good

f Our w o m e n ' s p roduc ts are our s t ronges t sel l ing point.

But don ' t

g We'll go for p romot ing the body spray. OK, everyone?

That 's

h Our sales have increased by 2 5 per cent.

Yes, that 's

2 Wr i te sen tences w i t h if + 'II, will, won't, may a n d could f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t ua t i ons .

a You are probab ly go ing to be late for work .

I f l 'm la-te. f o r loofk-, m i j b o ^ ' l l be. ango^.

b You've app l ied for a new j o b .

c Your boss wan ts to send you on a t ra in ing course for three weeks .

d You have asked your boss for a pay rise.

e You have asked your boss for a day off.

f You don ' t like your of f ice and have asked to change.

g You th ink your mobi le phone may not w o r k proper ly anymore .

h Your landlady is ta lk ing about increasing the rent for your room.

3 Transíate t h e s e sen tences in to y o u r o w n l a n g u a g e in y o u r n o t e b o o k . Then c i óse t h i s b o o k a n d t rans ía te y o u r sen tences back i n to Eng l i sh .

a If w e lower our pr ices, w e cou ld sell a lot more .

b We agreed that t he new adver t is ing campa ign w a s excel lent.

c This safety cap is imposs ib le to open .

11 i The big sell

11.D Affordable drugs

Reading an article

1 B e f o r e y o u read t h e tex t , t i c k ( • ) y o u r a n s w e r s

t o t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s .

a Does your company give money to

char i t ies?

1 yes

2 no

3 don ' t know

b Do compan ies in your coun t ry general ly

s u p p o r t char i t ies?

1 yes

2 no

3 don ' t know

c Wou ld you like to wo rk for a company

w h i c h does char i ty w o r k ?

1 yes

2 no

3 don ' t mind

d If you knew a company w a s involved

in char i ty work , w o u l d you be more

likely to shop the re?

1 yes

2 no

3 don ' t know

The volunteer cul ture H o w m u c h does y o u r c o m p a n y care? N o t a b o u t

y o u , a b o u t t h e w i d e r w o r l d ? M o r e e m p l o y e e s a re

p u t t i n g v a l u é o n w o r k i n g f o r a boss w h o g i v e s t h e m

t i m e t o s p r e a d a l i t t l e h a p p i n e s s . W e a re s e e i n g t h e

r i s e o f t h e e t h i c a l e m p l o y e e . P e o p l e a re m o r e a w a r e

o f t h e i r c o m p a n y ' s r e p u t a t i o n . T h e w o r k p l a c e i s

i n c r e a s i n g l y w h e r e p e o p l e w a n t t o e x e r c i s e t h e i r

s o c i a l c o n s c i e n c e .

T w o s t u d i e s , o n e i n t h e US a n d o n e i n E u r o p e , b o t h

r e p o r t e d a l o y a l t y r a t e o f 87 p e r c e n t f r o m s t a f f a t

c o m p a n i e s c o m m i t t e d t o s o l v i n g s o c i a l p r o b l e m s .

C o m p a n i e s a r e s h o u t i n g a b o u t t h e i r f u n d r a i s i n g a n d

v o l u n t e e r schemes , f r o m s u p e r m a r k e t s s u c h as Tesco

a n d S a i n s b u r y ' s t o c o u r i e r s s u c h as D H L . A t D H L ,

s t a f f w e r e i n v i t e d t o c h o o s e a c h a r i t y t h e y w a n t e d t o

h e l p . T h e M a n a g i n g D i r e c t o r v i s i t e d e a c h o f t h e 50

o f f i c e s n a t i o n w i d e , g a t h e r i n g p l e d g e s . F u n d r a i s i n g

e v e n t s h a v e b e e n o r g a n i z e d f o r d i f f e r e n t w o r k e r s .

F o r e x a m p l e , c o u r i e r s a re s p o n s o r e d t o h a v e t h e i r

h e a d s s h a v e d o r c o n t r i b u t e b y s e l l i n g r a f f l e t i c k e t s .

D H L a l l o w e d s t a f f t o p a r t i c í p a t e d u r i n g t h e i r

w o r k i n g h o u r s a n d p l e d g e d t o m a t c h p o u n d - f o r -

p o u n d t h e f u n d s r a i s e d b y e m p l o y e e s .

I c e l a n d , t h e s u p e r m a r k e t c h a i n , h a s j u s t c o m p l e t e d

a s c h e m e t o i n v o l v e i t s c u s t o m e r s . T h e y h a v e b e e n

i n v i t e d t o u s e i t s w e b s i t e t o c h o o s e t h e c h a r i t i e s

t h e c o m p a n y w i l l s u p p o r t n e x t yea r . T h e r e i s , o f

c o u r s e , a c lea r b e n e f i t . P o t e n t i a l n e w c u s t o m e r s a r e

i n t r o d u c e d t o t h e c o m p a n y ' s w e b s e l l i n g p o i n t . B u t

i t m a r k s a d e f i n i t e a t t e m p t t o i n v o l v e c u s t o m e r s

as w e l l . T h e c u s t o m e r fee ls h a p p i e r , s t a f f fee l

a p p r e c i a t e d a n d t h e c o m p a n y b e n e f i t s f r o m t h e

g e n e r a l g l o w .

Source: Adapted from Ryle, S (2001, July 8 ) . Voting with your vocation. The Guardian. Retrieved from www.guardian.co.uk/business/2001/jul/08/ theobserver.observerbusiness22

Business Update i

Read t h e t e x t a n d t i ck ( • / ) t h e c o r r e c t r e s p o n s e t o t h e f o l l o w i n g . If m o r e t h a n o n e r e s p o n s e is co r rec t , t i ck b o t h .

Workers today have:

1 more of a social consc ience

2 less of a social consc ience

3 no social consc ience at all

When compan ies do char i ty work , the ef fect on emp loyees is that :

1 they stay longer

2 they leave to wo rk for compan ies more conce rned w i th prof i ts

3 it makes no d i f ference to t h e m

The at t i tude of compan ies to fundra is ing is to :

1 keep the i r c o m m i t m e n t a secret

2 publ ic ize it

3 recrui t staf f more easily because of it

The D H L char i ty pro ject ¡nvolved:

1 the staff and manag ing d i rec tor be ing involved in fundra is ing events

2 staff organiz ing fundra is ing events

3 the cus tomers cont r ibu t ing money

D H L cour iers had their heads shaved because:

1 they cou ld do their j o b more easi ly

2 it w a s funny

3 peop le agreed t o g ive money if

they d id

Af ter the fundra is ing event, D H L gave to the chosen char i ty :

1 more money than the emp loyees raised

2 the same amoun t of money

3 less money

D H L emp loyees raised funds :

1 after wo rk ing hours

2 dur ing wo rk ing hours

3 before wo rk ing hours

0

• • •

•

• • • • • •

h Iceland's char i ty p ro jec t involved:

1 vot ing on the w e b

2 g iv ing donat ions

3 g iv ing a large percen tage of its prof i ts

Vocabulary

3 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences , c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e b o x be low .

a social consc ience a w e b sales point

fundra is ing a genera l g l o w a sponsor

a p ledge a vo lunteer a raff le t icket

the loyalty rate an ethical emp loyee

a A volun-re-e-r is someone w h o w o r k s for no

money.

b is a worke r w h o cares abou t

social p rob lems.

descr ibes h o w commi t t ed

staff or cus tomers are to a company.

tells you to help people

less wel l -o f f than you .

fo r chari t ies.

to a chari ty.

is h o w you make money

is a promise t o g ive money

is the person w h o says they' l l

g ive money to a char i ty if you do someth ing

like shaving your head, running, sw imming , etc.

is a g o o d a tmosphere .

is someth ing you buy wh ich

may enable you to w in a prize.

is a page on the Internet

whe re you can buy someth ing .

Writing

4 Th ink o f an ¡dea f o r a f u n d r a i s i n g e v e n t f o r y o u r c o m p a n y a n d w r i t e t o t h e M a n a g i n g D i rec to r , d e s c r i b i n g y o u r idea a n d a s k i n g h im t o s p o n s o r it. (Wr i te a b o u t 1 2 0 w o r d s . )

^ 1

12.A About the company

Grammar - question tags

1 A d d a q u e s t i o n t a g t o t h e sen tences b e l o w us ing t h e v e r b s be, have o r do.

a He doesn ' t work here, doe.¿. he.?

b You only make soft dr inks,

c We are visit ing the factory tomorrow,

?

d He is coming w i th us,

e We haven't got t ime, _

f She has done the report ,

g They sell most of their p roducts in Europe,

7

h Our sales meet ing is tomor row,

?

¡ We have got the sales f igures right,

?

j I go to Berlín on Friday,

k You don ' t like Coca-Cola,

You make 51 per cent of the world's soft drinks,

?

Vocabulary - do or make?

2 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e c o r r e c t t e n s e o f t h e v e r b s do o r make.

a We do business wi th many

countr ies round the wor ld .

b We have three exercises to

homework .

for

The company

frui t ju ices.

l'm sorry, I

sof t dr inks

a mistake.

We haven' t go t enough in format ion. It's di f f icul t

a dec is ión. to

f The new tra inee very wel l . Her

w o r k is excel lent.

g OK! my best, but there are a

lot of t h e m !

h I d idn ' t wan t to go to Adam's party, so

an excuse.

¡ Can you

j She

me a favour?

carne top, I th ink.

k The company

ve ry wel l in the exams -

a lot of money

in the compu te r so f tware business.

I By using t oo much energy, w e

a lot of harm to the env i ronment .

3 M a t c h t h e phrasa l v e r b s ( a - e ) t o t h e i r m e a n i n g s ( 1 - 5 ) .

a make way 1 move to one side

b make someth ing up 2 escape

c make up for 3 invent someth ing

d make someth ing ou t

e make of f

4 unders tand

5 compénsa te for

108 Business Update

12.A

4 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences us i ng o n e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : ouf, up o r off.

He made a mad s tory to

explain w h y he w a s so late.

b Can I have the a f te rnoon o f f? I'll make

the t ime next week .

c I don ' t know! She made in a

hurry as soon as she saw you com ing . What

d id you say to her?

d The boss is making that

didn ' t do the work , but I f in ished every th ing

th is morn ing .

e The of f ice budge t is very comp l i ca ted . I can ' t

make it

Pronunciation - voiced and unvoiced consonants

Read t h e w o r d s b e l o w a n d p fae t i se say ing v o i c e d a n d unvo i ced c o n s o n a n t s .

a - pan ban

b to do

c cot got

d p ick P¡9

e fe r ry very

f Sue zoo

g chin gin

h leaf leave

i hat had

i hear t hard

Writing a product profile

5 Wr i t e a p a r a g r a p h a b o u t o n e o f y o u r coun t r y ' s p r o d u c t s . Th ink o f t h e p r o d u c t , w h e r e i t is m a d e a n d w h e r e it sel ls . (Wr i te a b o u t 1 0 0 wo rds . )

Sushi f r o m Japan

Pasta f r o m I ta ly

• C D 1 T R 6 3 N o w l i s ten a n d unde r l i ne t h e w o r d s y o u hear.

109

12 It's in the making

12.B Just addthe fizz!

Grammar - expressing purpose with to + infinitive

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences b e l o w w i t h an e x p r e s s i o n o f p u r p o s e us i ng to + in f in i t i ve . Use t h e v e r b s buy, book, send, get, make o r put, o r o t h e r v e r b s o f y o u r cho ice .

a I needed to take the t ra in to Milán so I wen t to

t he stat ion -to bui j a. -tic.ice.-t-.

b She needs to go to Tokyo. She accessed the

Internet

c We s topped at a petro l s tat ion

d She bough t s o m e A 4 paper

e He bough t a b i r thday card

f They wen t to t he supermarket

g I g round s o m e cof fee beans

h She mixed butter, sugar, flour, eggs and

choco la te

i We're tak ing Meg to the a i rpor t

j She s topped at the baker 's

k We put C 0 2 in t he dr inks

I We check our p roduc ts at several inspect ion

po in ts

Vocabulary - product containers

2 M a t c h t h e p r o d u c t s in t h e box b e l o w t o t h e c o n t a i n e r s t h e y are s o l d in. M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib le .

cr isps Coca-Cola to i let paper s h a m p o o

j a m beer too thpas te baby f ood pota toes

choco la tes mi lk f r u i t j u i ce tuna

co f fee sugar t issues deodoran t

a a can of Coca-Cola., beer

b a t in of

c a car tón of

d a bot t le of

e a roll of

110 Business Update

12.B

f a box

g a bag of

h a t ube of

¡ a jar of

j a spray can of

3 Wr i te t h r e e m o r e p r o d u c t s t h a t c o m e in t h e p a c k a g i n g be low. Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

a t in o f ¿>oop, o f -toma-toe.^., o f pa.irrr

b t ube

c bot t le

d box

e sachet

f spray can

4 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences , c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e b o x be low .

mix a t taches suppl ier plant ensure

qual i ty f i l led b lend ing unloading

a Our basic ingredients arr ive here in our

onloa.ding bays.

b Let me show you ou r water t rea tment

whe re w e pur i fy the water.

c The of water varíes f r om place

to place.

d Next ¡s the sy rup process.

e We the sweetener, concént ra te

and the pur i f íed water to créate a s imple syrup.

f Meanwhi le , our has del ivered

e m p t y cans and bot t les.

g To the qual i ty of the product ,

the bot t les are r insed a second t ime.

h This is the filler. It's whe re the cans are actual ly

i A seamer is a machine wh ich

the metal lid t o the can.

13 P r o n u n c i a t i o n - do and does

A ® CD1 T R 6 4 L is ten t o t h e f o l l o w i n g sen tences .

a Why do t hey buy your p roduc t s? da

b Do you know her?

c Do all your staff have business

d ip lomas?

d We do any kind of so f tware product .

e I don ' t like the new mode l , but mos t of t he cus tomers do.

f Not many peop le buy the oíd mode l , but s o m e peop le do.

W h a t d o y o u hear, do / d a / o r do /du: /?

® CD1 T R 6 5 N o w l i s ten t o t h e f o l l o w i n g sen tences .

g When does the new t ra inee arr ive?

h Does he know about the appo in tmen t?

¡ She does know h o w to use t he new computer .

j I th ink he does.

What d o y o u hear /daz / o r lá\z¡?

B <D CD1 T R 6 6 L is ten t o t h e sen tences aga in a n d match t h e p ronunc ia t i on above t o t h e rules be low.

a before consonants / d a / \zL

b before vowe ls / d u : /

c in f inal posi t ion / d u : /

d before vowe ls and consonants / d a z /

e in f inal posi t ion /á\z/

f when s t ressed in a sentence / d u : / and / d A z /

N o w p rac t i se say ing t h e sen tences w i t h t h e co r rec t p r o n u n c i a t i o n .

! n i

12 ¡ It's in the making!

12.C Quality every time

Grammar - nouns

1 Co r rec t t h e m is takes w h e r e necessa ry ¡n t h e f o l l o w i n g sen tences .

a We have six inspect ions points.

loe. Viave. ^ ix jn^pec t jon poin-te.

b There is a fac tory of cars near me.

c A Paris bus inessman spoke at the conference.

d The bot t le 's t op won ' t c o m e off.

e The invoice of the suppl ier was full of mistakes.

f We sell sof t dr inks in bo t t les of glass.

g The newspaper 's repor t w a s w r o n g .

Vocabulary - noun groups

2 C h o o s e o n e n o u n f r o m G r o u p A a n d o n e n o u n f r o m G r o u p B t o m a k e a n o u n g r o u p . S o m e t i m e s t h e n o u n g r o u p is w r i t t e n as o n e w o r d a n d s o m e t i m e s as t w o w o r d s . Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

G r o u p A G r o u p B

w o r k conversat ion

qual i ty mail

impor t place

sales so f tware

brand sell ing

compu te r depa r tmen t

paper course

del ivery note

Internet ñame

voice wo rk

te lephone cont ro l

t ra in ing agent

lunch break

h Can you tell me the t ra in t imes for Ams te rdam to Brussels, p lease?

i I can' t go to the of f ice 's party.

j The Budapes t fac to ry is c los ing next month .

a loor^pla-ce.

b

c

d

e

f

k New Balance trainers are my favour i te running shoes.

I My Adidas 's footbal l sho r t s are in t he wash .

m

2 Business Update

3 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e n o u n g r o u p s y o u m a d e in A c t i v i t y 2 .

a Qoa-li-t-cj con t ro l ensures that all our

p roduc ts reach the same high s tandard .

b Before you ge t a p romot ion , you need to go to

an ¡n-house

c Heal th and safety in the

is very impor tan t in th is company.

d You need to comp le te the

before you send those

g o o d s off.

e Our only lasted f ive

minutes. The cl ient had mos t of the in format ion

already.

f If l'm not in the of f ice, leave me a message on

my

E l Pronunciation - stress in noun groups

• CD1 T R 6 7 L i s ten t o t h e n o u n g r o u p s a n d unde r l i ne t h e w o r d w i t h t h e s t r o n g e s t s t ress .

a ca rdboard packaging

b f ive-seater

c cof fee mug

d Chanel pe r f ume

e t w o - s t e p process

f desk lamp

g South West

h noun g roups

¡ car fe r ry

j metal can

k furn i ture business

I Oxford Stat ion

• CD1 T R 6 8 L is ten aga in a n d check . • N o w p rac t i se say ing t h e m cor rec t l y .

g There is s o m e much bet te r

on the market wh i ch

wil l do your accounts in half the t ime .

h wi l l b e c o m e more

popular w h e n payment faci l i t ies b e c o m e safer.

i If you are interested in buy ing s o m e of

our p roduc ts , l'll put you t h rough to the

A r e m o s t n o u n g r o u p s n o r m a l l y s t r essed o n t h e f i r s t o r t h e s e c o n d w o r d ?

j I like p roduc ts w i th a

At least you know wha t you are buy ing.

k We wan t to s tar t sel l ing in Japan, but for

the m o m e n t w e haven' t g o t an

there .

I There is so much

on my desk that I can ' t sit d o w n and wo rk

anymore !

m I am due to go on my

now.

i | 113

12 I It's in the making!

Quiz - What do I know?

Start here W h a t w o u l d y o u s a y ?

W h a t w o u l d y o u say in t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t u a t i o n s ? If y o u can , r e c o r d y o u r a n s w e r s a n d l is ten t o yourse l f .

Say t w o sentences using a phrasal verb.

Say four noun g roups related to your work .

Wri te t w o sentences that express a recent act ivi ty, and the reason for that act ivi ty.

P o i n t s

¡4

/ 4

T o t a l / 12

N o w check y o u r a n s w e r s o n • p 1 5 8

If you have scored six or less, go to the B l u e run. If you have scored seven or more , go to the B l a c k run.

Blue run

1 C o m p l e t e t h e tex t , c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e b o x be low . M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss i b l e .

six mil l ion three 41 ten 1 9 6 5

a small amoun t several t housand 16

36-year -o ld one 2 , 4 7 0

only one or t w o hal fway

A a Sfc-i-yg-ar-old Amer ican w o m a n , Carrie Thomas,

has made her for tune f rom Mahogany Chocolates.

When Carrie was a little girl of b

years oíd, she wen t to uve wi th her únele, w h o

made wonder fu l chocolates for her f rom a recipe

he created in c Whilst away at

col lege, her únele sent her chocolates regularly.

But there were usually d chocolates

left for Carrie, as her fr iends all absolutely loved

t h e m and gobb led t hem up. e

t h rough her course, Carr ie sw i t ched f r om fash ion

des ign to a business degree. When she left

co l lege, she persuaded her f r iends to invest in her

choco la te business. She w o r k e d f

hours a day and set up jus t one smal l córner shop

in San Francisco, g months later

she still wasn ' t mak ing a prof i t . An adver t is ing

d i rec tor w a s a regular customer, and so was a

f i lm star, h day, they met in her

shop , and they began to talk abou t h o w she cou ld

increase her business. The adver t is ing d i rector

o f fe red her a f ree advert , and the star o f fered to be

in it! With such g o o d adver t is ing, the bus iness t ook

off, and Mahogany Choco la tes n o w sells

i tons a round the wo r l d , has

j fae tones and employs

k staff. H o w does Carr ie make the

choco la tes? She's not te l l ing. The rec ipe is t op

secret !

2 T ick ( • ) if t h e f o l l o w i n g n o u n g r o u p s are cor rec t .

a A lot of cheese is made f rom goat's milk.

b The government's decisión is surpr is ing.

c The factory's production unit is c los ing.

d Today's news is not g o o d .

e The production's team is do ing wel l .

f My sister's apartment is in New York,

g The university's president is res igning.

h Paris's nightlife is the best in the wo r l d .

i Over the past t w o years, the company's performance has been spectacular.

j The plane's arrival is de layed.

k I can' t f ind yesterday's paper.

I The page's number is 6 4 .

• • • •

•

114 | Business Update

• 1 * Black run

1 M a t c h t h e sen tence heads ( a - j ) t o t h e c o r r e c t sen tence ta i l s ( 1 - 1 0 ) .

a We are des ign ing a new market ing st rategy . . .

b The company has spen t mi l l ions of dol lars on qual i ty assurance .. .

c The governmen t wants us to cut ou r energy consumpt ion . . .

d We are d ivers i fy ing our p roduc ts . . .

e The Public Relations Depa r tmen t is making an eno rmous e f fo r t . . .

f We are becoming more ef f ic ient . . .

g The company has invested in the latest survei l lance techno logy .. .

h The company is increasing product ion .. .

i Human Resources is recrui t ing staff . . .

j We have invested in the latest equ ipment . . .

t o improve our manufac tur ing process.

t o ensure that our p roduc ts are of the h ighest s tandard wo r l dw ide .

to make sure there is máx imum secur i ty in all ou r p lants.

to meet sales ta rgets .

to fill t he vacant posts in our p roduc t ion units.

to pro tec t t he env i ronment .

to créate g o o d relat ions w i th our cus tomers .

to respond to popular demand .

to achieve m á x i m u m sales,

to save costs.

2 Put t h e p r o d u c t i o n s t ages ( a - i ) o f t h e d r i nk Peach Su rp r i se in to t h e c o r r e c t o rder . T h e n r e w r i t e t h e sen tences t o m a k e a s h o r t p a r a g r a p h . Use l i nk ing w o r d s a n d leave o u t r e p e t i t i o n s o r u n n e c e s s a r y w o r d s a n d ph rases .

a Ext ractors sepárate the peach ju i ce and pulp f r om the pressed peaches.

b The ju ice is t reated and l iquid ized.

c The final mix ture is despa tched to p roduc t ion and canning units wo r l dw ide .

d The peaches are p icked and taken to t he local factory.

T n e pe.a.che.5. a.re. pictced ...

The final p roduc t is canned and despa tched .

Employees in the fac tory check t he acidity, sugar contení and flavour.

A f inal qual i ty contro l check takes place.

The peaches are washed .

The mixture is made up into Peach Surpr ise.

• • • • • • •

Transíate t h e s e sen tences in to y o u r o w n l a n g u a g e in y o u r n o t e b o o k . Then c ióse th i s b o o k a n d t rans ía te y o u r sen tences back in to Eng l ish .

a The company makes many d i f ferent brands, bu t w e don ' t do t h e m all in this factory.

b We check the p roduc t ion at 55 d i f ferent po ints to ensure the qual i ty of the product .

c We p roduce our dr inks in glass bot t les, plást ic bot t les and metal cans.

12 ¡ It's in the making!

12.D They are our sponsors!

Reading a webpage

1 Read t h e t e x t qu i ck l y a n d say ¡f i t is:

a a newspaper art ic le

b a repor t

c an adver t isement .

H o w d o y o u k n o w ?

SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES Sponsorsh ip o p p o r t u n i t i e s are avai lable f o r T h e A n n u a l N o r t h East S w i m m i n g Re lay M a r a t h ó n . Over 15,000 local res idents and v is i to rs f r o m all over t h e c o u n t r y are e x p e c t e d t o t ake t h e p lunge a t t h e i r local s w i m m i n g poo ls . The m a r a t h ó n is des igned t o p r o m o t e s w i m m i n g , n o t j u s t as a s p o r t f o r champ ions b u t as an en joyab le , hea l thy f o r m o f rec rea t ion f o r al l . It wi l l also raise a cons iderab le s u m o f m o n e y fo r char i t ies t h a t fac i l í ta te s w i m m i n g and o t h e r spo r t s f o r d isab led or unde rp r i v i l eged peop le .

O u r goals are:

• t o p r o m o t e s w i m m i n g as a hea l thy f o r m o f rec rea t ion

• t o p r o m o t e s w i m m i n g in unde rp r i v i l eged sect ions o f t h e c o m m u n i t y

• t o raise m o n e y f o r char i t ies w h i c h p r o m o t e s w i m m i n g and o t h e r s p o r t i n g ac t iv i t ies f o r t h e d isab led

T h e A n n u a l N o r t h Eas t S w i m m i n g Re lay M a r a t h ó n is c o o r d i n a t e d by m a n y publ ic and pr ívate sponsors . Regional ly , ou r even t ¡s p r o m o t e d t h r o u g h large and smal l e m p l o y e r s w h o encourage emp loyees t o t ake up s w i m m i n g in a b id t o keep t h e m in t i p - t o p hea l th .

In a d d i t i o n , t h e even t is adve r t i sed in spo r t s shops, on t h e rad io and te lev i s ión , in newspapers and in a d i rec t -ma i l c a m p a i g n t h a t reaches 10,000 res idents in t h e N o r t h East.

A v a r i e t y o f exc i t i ng o p p o r t u n i t i e s ex is t f o r sponsors , such as h igh-v is ib i l i t y c o r p o r a t e logos:

• on s tands ou ts ide pa r t i c i pa t i ng s w i m m i n g pools w h e r e t he re are r e f r e s h m e n t s

• on pr izes as wel l as on i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t s w i m m i n g , w a t e r safe ty , l i fe -sav ing , etc .

• on o f f i c ia l even t T-shi r ts

• on paid p r in t adver t i s ing

• on p r o m o t i o n a l mate r ia l s , inc lud ing reg is t ra t ion f o r m s , pos te rs , e m p l o y e r i n f o r m a t i o n packets sent t o businesses t h r o u g h o u t t h e N o r t h East

• on T h e A n n u a l N o r t h East S w i m m i n g Re lay M a r a t h ó n webs i t e

• on con f i r m a t i o n not ices sen t t o all reg is te red pa r t i c i pan ts

2 Read t h e a r t i c le aga in a n d t i ck ( • ) t h e co r rec t s t a t e m e n t s . M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib le .

1 5 , 0 0 0 peop le are go ing t o sw im in t he Annual Nor th East Sw imming Relay Marathón event t o :

1 t r y to w in a champ ionsh ip

2 raise money for char i t ies

3 keep f i t

The Annual Nor th East Sw imming Relay Marathón is looking for:

• par t ic ipants

sponsors

adver t isers

• •

Business Update

The aim of the Annual Nor th East Sw imming Relay Marathón is to encourage peop le to :

1 sw im as a heal thy f o rm of recreat ion

2 take more leisure

3 learn to be a l i fe-saver

The event is organ ized by:

1 prívate compan ies

2 publ ic admin is t ra t ions

3 prívate and publ ic bod ies

• •

At a sponsorsh ip s tand, a par t ic ipant ge ts :

1 f ree sw imming gear

2 informat ion

3 someth ing to eat or dr ink

Sponsorsh ip a l lows compan ies to have:

1 the ñame of thei r company in the t i t le of t he event

2 the company logo on var ious i tems

3 te levis ión sponsorsh ip

• • •

Vocabulary

3 M a t c h t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s (a-

a corpora te logo .

-j) t o t h e i r de f i n i t i ons ( 1 - 1 0 ) .

1

b d i rect-mai l campa ign

c recreat ion

d re f reshments

e sponsorsh ip s tand

f relay

g regist rat ion f o rm

h p romot iona l material

¡ poste r

j conf i rmat ion not ice

6

7

8

9

in format ion in clear graph ic fo rm pu t on display in a publ ic place

a d o c u m e n t wh ich you fill in w h e n you wan t to take par t in someth ing

a place whe re sponsors are highly visible

posters , in format ion packs, etc.

a des ign w h i c h a company uses so it can be instant ly recogn ized

let ters abou t an event sent to local inhabi tants

a d o c u m e n t wh ich tel ls you that you have been registered as a par t ic ipant

someth ing to eat or dr ink

an act iv i ty that several g roups or individuáis pe r fo rm one after the other, w i t hou t interrupt ion

1 0 a leisure act iv i ty

Writing - sponsorship

4 Wr i te o n e l is t o f g o o d t h i n g s a b o u t s p o n s o r s h i p , a n d o n e l ist o f b a d t h i n g s a b o u t s p o n s o r s h i p .

G o o d t h i n g s B a d t h i n g s

5 N o w use y o u r l is ts t o w r i t e a b o u t w h e t h e r y o u t h i n k s p o r t s s p o n s o r s h i p is a g o o d t h i n g . (Wr i te a b o u t 1 0 0 w o r d s . )

I -fhinlc ¿.poete ¿.pon^otehip \¿> ...

117

1 3 | Bank it!

13.A What can we do for you?

Grammar - ~ing forms and inf initives

1 C ross o u t t h e ¡ncor rec t f o r m in t h e sen tences be low . Pay a t t e n t i o n , as s o m e t i m e s b o t h f o r m s a re poss ib l e a n d s h o u l d n o t be c r o s s e d ou t .

a We en joyed to vicit I visiting Paris dur ing our holiday.

b I s tar ted to save I saving w h e n I w a s 16.

c She wan ted to go I going home because it w a s late.

d He t r ied to poss I passing the exam, but it w a s t o o di f f icul t .

e D id you remember posting / to post t he appl icat ion?

f We d idn ' t manage finishing I to finish all the orders today.

g I love to trove! I travelling.

h They began discussing I to discuss the p rob lem.

i We f in ished checking / to check the f igures before w e wen t home.

j I gave up smoking / to smoke last year.

k We dec ided going I to go to Greece for ou r holiday.

Vocabulary - banking services

2 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences , c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e b o x be low .

cur rent accoun t interest c red i t card

s tudent loan w i t hd raw rate personal loan

mor tgage dcb i t card pens ión

a When you buy anyth ing w i th a de-bi-r card

the money is d e d u c t e d f r om your account

immediately.

b I never use a l'm far t oo

wor r i ed about running up deb ts .

c The bank has given me a £ 5 0 0 overdraf t on

my

d What 's the rate of on your

savings account?

e I wan t to buy a new motorb ike . I need to get a

f l'm go ing to s tudy at universi ty for four years.

The bank has o f fe red me a

g The of interest varies

accord ing to the economic si tuat ion.

h

i

They say it's never t oo early to s tar t saving for

your

When they wan t t o buy a house, mos t people

save up for a depos i t , and then get a

j Wait for me. I haven' t go t any money. I need to

s o m e cash.

118 Business Update

PLEASE SELECT SERVICE REQUIRED ORDER A STATEMENT a D BALANCE ON SCREEN PROCESSATRANSFER a

D BALANCE ON SCREEN WITH WITHDRAWAL MINI STATEMENT < ~ l

D CASH ONLY CHOOSE LANGUAGES a LZ> CASH WITH RECEIPT OTHER OPTIONS u

HERE

T ick ( • ) t h e f u n c t i o n s b e l o w t h a t y o u can d o a t t h e cash m a c h i n e a b o v e .

a Find ou t h o w much money you have in your account .

b Get some money ou t w i th a deb i t card .

c Pay a bilí,

d Obta in a loan.

e Transfer money to someone else's account .

f W i thd raw s o m e money w i th a receipt .

g Buy shares.

h Know h o w much money is in your account af ter tak ing money out .

¡ Have a s ta tement of your account sent to you .

j Obtain a c red i t card .

k Read inst ruct ions in another language.

I Pay s o m e money into your account .

• • • • •

• • •

Writing - application form

4 C o m p l e t e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n f o r a b a n k accoun t .

W h i c h t y p e o f a c c o u n t a re y o u i n t e r e s t e d in?

C u r r e n t a c c o u n t Sav ings a c c o u n t

Persona l de ta i l s

T i t l e

First ñ a m e

S u r n a m e

Da te o f b i r t h / /

O c c u p a t i o n

D a y t i m e t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r

Pronunciation - difficult words

• CD1 T R 6 9 L is ten a n d unde r l i ne t h e w o r d in each g r o u p t h a t has t h e o d d v o w e l s o u n d .

a t ough enough th rouqh

b earn beard w o r d

c debt great said

d brother bo ther moth

e here beer there

f four house loud

g loan home board

h weak keep break

i bear fear wear

® CD1 T R 7 0 L is ten aga in a n d check . • • N o w prac t i se say ing t h e w o r d s .

119

13.B Where's my money?

Grammar - verb patterns

1 Wr i t e c o m p l e t e sen tences f r o m t h e p r o m p t s b e l o w w i t h e i t he r a v e r b + o b j e c t + in f in i t i ve s t r u c t u r e o r v e r b + that c lause + ob j ec t .

a He sa id /sav ings accoun ts /have a g o o d rate of interest.

He. ¿aád -tha-t ¿aving^. aGGoun-t¿» h a d a good

rate. o f in-te.fe.¿.-t. (verb + that c lause + ob ject )

b He w a n t e d / c u s t o m e r / o p e n a savings account .

He. toan-t-e-d Une. £ü¿>-tome.f -to ope.n a ¿>aving¿>

acopon-t. (verb + ob jec t + infinit ive)

c He t o l d / t he g i r l / s ta r t saving soon.

d He sa id / the o f fe r /be only temporary .

e The bank / requ i res / i t s cus tomers / s i gn a documen t .

f We need / t he bank / l end us the money now.

g He sa id / the de lay /abou t a week.

h They asked / the cus tomer /wa i t .

¡ Do you w a n t / t h e manager /g ive a re fund?

j I d e m a n d / y o u / g i v e me an explanat ion.

k He sa id / the loan /be possib le.

I She n e e d e d / a co l l eague /he lp her.

2 Us ing t h e p r o m p t s a n d a t ask f r o m t h e box b e l o w , w r i t e w h a t it is y o u need t o d o . Invent t w o m o r e p r o m p t s a n d s i t ua t i ons .

stay late

help ou t w i t h some urgent w o r k

meet h i s /he r fami ly

take h im /he r ou t to d inner

go to a t ra in ing sess ion

c o m e home to take the d o g for a wa lk

buy a takeaway on the way home

repair his compu te r

do h is /her h o m e w o r k

go c lubb ing w i t h h im /he r

lend h im /he r you r bike

w o r k late ton igh t

a Your boss

MLJ bo£>¿> u)arrte me. -to u)ofk- l a te -tonigh-t.

b A co l league

c Ano ther s tudent

d A cus tomer

e Your g i r l f r i end /boy f r iend

f A f r iend you play foo tba l l / tenn is w i th

g Your mother

h Your father

i Your brother /s is ter

j Your personnel manager

120 | Business Update

13.B

Vocabulary - word combinations

3 M a t c h t h e v e r b s ( a - j ) t o t h e n o u n s ( 1 - 1 0 ) t o m a k e as m a n y c o m b i n a t i o n s as y o u can . A d d any a d d i t i o n a l v o c a b u l a r y w h e r e n e e d e d .

a use 1 interest

b receive 2 amoun t

c bo r row 3 account

d buy 4 PIN

e earn 5 cur rency

f lend 6 state ment

g credi t 7 t ransfer

h check 8 sum of money

i t ransfer 9 cash

i wi thd raw 1 0 balance

Use. an accoorvt

Listening - telephone numbers

4 (D CD1 TR71 L is ten t o t h e r e c o r d i n g a n d c o m p l e t e t h e t e l e p h o n e n u m b e r s be low .

a 0 0 3 1

b 8 7 9 1

c 0 0 _

d 6 5 _

7 6 9 0 1

9 1 6

6 9 3 5

5 Wr i t e d o w n t h e f o l l o w i n g n u m b e r s a n d p rac t i se say ing t h e m .

a Your te lephone number

b Your date of b i r th

c The number on the back of th is book

d Another number you use o f ten

Pronunciation - polite intonation patterns

• CD1 T R 7 2 L is ten t o t h e r e c o r d i n g a n d t i ck (•*) t h e r e m a r k s w i t h p o l i t e i n t o n a t i o n .

a l'm terr ib ly sorry, madam.

b Hur ry up ! I haven' t go t all day.

c Could I possib ly have your cl ient ident i f icat ion number, p lease?

d l'm awfu l ly sorry.

e Could I jus t ask you t o wa i t wh i le I check the detai ls on t he compu te r?

f So there 's been a mis take? In a cred i t on your savings account?

g A mis take? You cali that a mistake? It's a disaster.

h Can I ask you w h e n you made that payment?

¡ Don ' t you ever l isten?

j Could I jus t check h o w you made this payment?

W h a t is t h e d i f f e rence in t h e i n t o n a t i o n p a t t e r n ? Pract ise say ing t h e r emarks .

B • CD1 T R 7 3 N o w l isten aga in a n d pract ise say ing t he remarks .

• • • • • • •

13.C What's the interest?

Grammar - need to, have to, don't need to and don't have to

1 C o m p l e t e t h e s e sen tences a b o u t t h e ru les a n d laws ¡n y o u r c o u n t r y w i t h need to/have to o r don't need to/don't have to.

a

b

c

be a national of the count ry .

d To leave fu l l - t ime educat ion , you

be

e To take your dr iv ing test , you

have a medica l check-up.

f To ride a motorb ike, you be

g To ge t a j o b , you have a

universi ty degree .

h To obta in a passpor t , you

be an adult .

¡ To exchange currency, you

get special author izat ion.

2 Wr i te sen tences us ing t h e p r o m p t s a b o u t w h a t y o u need t o k n o w o r d o at w o r k .

a compu te r skil ls (need t o / d o n ' t need to)

I n e e d -to nave, good Gompo-fer ¿k.ill¿> -to do

mcj \pb properlt^.

b use the c o m p u t e r mos t of the day (need t o / don ' t need to)

c ta lk on the te lephone (have t o / d o n ' t have to)

d deal w i th cl ients (have t o / d o n ' t have to)

e know abou t sales (need t o / d o n ' t need to)

deal w i th money (have t o / d o n ' t have to)

know abou t bank ing (need t o / d o n ' t need to)

understand interest rates (need to /don ' t need to)

¡ be g o o d w i t h f igures (need t o / d o n ' t need to)

j get on wi th my col leagues (have to /don ' t have to)

k be creat ive (have t o / d o n ' t have to)

I choose your o w n top ic (need t o / d o n ' t need to)

Vocabulary - banking

3 M a t c h t h e w o r d s ( a - j ) t o t h e w o r d s t h a t have a s imi la r m e a n i n g ( 1 - 1 0 ) .

a require *^ 1 amoun t

b choose \ 2 be in deb t

c mistake ) 3 pay back

d depos i t V 4 error

e sum V 5 sum of money

f re pay ^ 6 need

g di f fer 7 take ou t

h owe money 8 cl ient

i cus tomer 9 select

j wi thd raw 10 vary

To open a bank account you have -to

be eign-teen . You don'-t have -to

have a lot of money.

To buy alcohol ic dr inks in bars, you

be

To vote, you be

You

Business Update

U n s c r a m b l e t h e w o r d s b e l o w t o f i n d t h e d i f f e r e n t b a n k i n g t e r m s .

a t w a r h i d w ioi-fhdfa.io

b pt idseo

c ynrcucre

d c tunaco

e na lceba

f s i t terne

g tv iens

h rbworo

¡ festrarn

j nepyamt

k ga toemgr

Q Pronunciation - stress on key words

• CD1 T R 7 4 L is ten a n d u n d e r l i n e t h e w o r d t h e speake r s t resses t h e m o s t .

a You won ' t need to deal d i rect ly w i th our cus tomers .

b You need to know someth ing abou t the kind of business w e do.

c Mos t of our cus tomers have savings accounts as wel l .

d On your cur rent accoun t you don ' t usually earn interest.

e This is for peop le w h o may need immedia te access to the i r money.

f It's an accoun t for cus tomers w h o don ' t need instant access to the i r money.

g The account does earn more.

h It depends on the bank rate.

i That 's not a very big d i f ference.

j The amoun t you have in the account is cal led the balance.

® CD1 T R 7 5 L is ten aga in a n d check y o u r answers .

13 Bank it!

Q u i z - What do I know?

f He can' t a f ford

Start here - • W h a t w o u l d y o u s a y ?

What w o u l d y o u say in t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t u a t i o n s ? If y o u can , r e c o r d y o u r a n s w e r s a n d l i s ten t o yourse l f .

a Say h o w you use one of your P o i n t s bank's serv ices. / 2

b Make an apo logy in t w o ways . _ / 2

c Say someth ing you need to do in t he next week , and someth ing you don ' t need t o do. / 4

d Write t w o sentences abou t your act iv i t ies using the ~¡ng f o rm. _ / 4

(go) on

T o t a l / 12

N o w check y o u r a n s w e r s o n • p 1 5 9

If you have scored six or less, go to the B l u e run. If you have scored seven or more, go to the B l a c k run.

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e to + in f in i t i ve f o r m o r t h e ~ing f o r m o f t h e v e r b in b racke ts .

a She dec ided -to opcn

savings account.

b He s topped

way to the stat ion.

They wen t on

the p rob lem for another hour.

(open) a

(ask) the

(d iscuss)

d She hated (explain) the

hol iday th is year.

g Can you he lp me

fmove) these boxes?

h They sugges ted

the c inema.

(go) to

¡ He f in ished

late last night.

j The bank agreed

me a loan.

k All the s tudents expec t

(pass) the i r exam.

I I a lways avoid

(work) very

(give)

(drive)

t h rough the cent re of t o w n .

Read the sentences and say w h i c h are made by s o m e o n e w h o is dea l ing w i t h a comp la in t (DC) and wh ich are made by s o m e o n e w h o is compla in ing (C).

detai ls to c l ients.

a l'm terr ib ly sorry. 0 b I do apo log ize . There's been a mistake. • c I d e m a n d to see the manager. • d What are you go ing to do abou t it? • e I'd like to speak to t he manager. • f What 's the p rob lem? • g PII see wha t I can do . • h Could I jus t check the detai ls? • i Hur ry up. I haven' t go t all day. • j Don ' t you ever l isten? • k But apo log ies aren' t enough . I wan t it • put r ight immediately. • I I can sor t t he p rob lem ou t immediately. •

H o w much money do you wan t

(save) every mon th?

124 I Business Update

Wri te w h a t p e o p l e need o r don't needI don't have to do in each o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t ua t i ons .

a A f r iend wants to buy a car but hasn' t got enough money.

You need -to g e t a. loan, b i r t y o don'-t n e e d

-to boffoto all - the mon&i j f r om a bank..

b A f r iend wants to open a bank accoun t but doesn ' t know wha t to do.

c S o m e o n e you know wants to take t he Amer i can TOEFL tes t but doesn ' t know how.

d Your sister wan ts to take her dr iv ing test . She asks you wha t to do .

e A f r iend's m o p e d has not been work ing very wel l for a coup le of weeks . He doesn ' t know wha t to do .

f A f r iend has t r ied t o get into a footba l l team but has been re fused because she smokes too much .

g A f r iend wan ts to go to s tudy in an Engl ish-speak ing coun t ry but doesn ' t know h o w to go about it.

h A f r iend wants t o app ly for a passpor t and asks you wha t documen ts she needs.

i A co l league asks you h o w to deal w i th di f f icul t cus tomers .

j A f r iend asks you wha t qual i t ies you need to be a g o o d bank clerk.

2 Wr i te sen tences a b o u t t h e f o l l o w i n g w i t h t h e p r o m p t s . Use t h e a p p r o p r i a t e t ense .

a someth ing your boss to ld you to do

MLJ bo¿.¿. t o l d me -to f in ish - the invoice¿»

b e f o r e I toent home.

b someth ing you expec ted someone to do

c someth ing your parents a l lowed you to do

d someth ing a f r iend has invited you to do

e someth ing a m e m b e r of your fami ly he lped you to do

f someth ing your co l lege educat ion wi l l enable you to do

g someth ing you' re encouraged to do

h someth ing a co l league has asked you to do

¡ someth ing a part icular teacher has taught you to do

j someth ing your parents wan ted you to do

3 Transíate t h e s e sen tences in to y o u r o w n l a n g u a g e in y o u r n o t e b o o k . Then c ióse th i s b o o k a n d t rans ía te y o u r sen tences back i n to Eng l i sh .

a I need to wo rk hard, bu t I don ' t need to spend all my weekends work ing .

b The co l lege wants us to get g o o d results.

c I feel like go ing out th is evening.

Á 13 | Bank it!

13.D Dealing with debt

Reading an article

1 Be fo re y o u read t h e tex t , a n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s .

a What are the mos t c o m m o n ¡Ilegal money-mak ing act iv i t ies in your coun t ry?

Basic Facts and Figures about Money Laundering What is money laundering?

I l legal a r m s sa les , s m u g g l i n g a n d t h e ac t i v i t i es of o r g a n i z e d c r i m e , f o r e x a m p l e , d r u g t r a f f i c k i n g , p r o s t i t u t i o n a n d c o m p u t e r f r a u d , c a n g e n é r a t e huge s u m s of m o n e y . The c r i m i n á i s invo lved in t h e s e u n l a w f u l s c h e m e s need t o ' l e g i t i m i z e ' t h e i r p r o f i t s , a n d t h e y do t h i s t h r o u g h a p r o c e s s ca l l ed m o n e y l a u n d e r i n g .

How is money laundered?

In t h e f i r s t or p l a c e m e n t s t a g e , t he c r i m i n a l , or l aunde re r , i n t r o d u c e s h is i l lega l p r o f i t s in to t h e f i n a n c i a l s y s t e m in v a r i o u s ways . He m a y b reak up la rge s u m s of c a s h in to s m a l l e r less c o n s p i c u o u s a m o u n t s a n d d e p o s i t t h e m d i r e c t l y in to a bank a c c o u n t . Or he m a y use o t h e r ways , s u c h as p u r c h a s i n g a se r ies of c h e q u e s or m o n e y o r d e r s .

A f te r t h e f u n d s have e n t e r e d t h e f i nanc ia l s y s t e m , a s e c o n d phase t a k e s p lace . T h e l a u n d e r e r d o e s a se r i es of c o n v e r s i o n s or m o v e m e n t s of f u n d s , w h i c h d i s t a n c e s t h e m o n e y f r o m i ts s o u r c e . He m a y channe l t h e f u n d s t h r o u g h the p u r c h a s e a n d t h e sa le of i n v e s t m e n t s , o r he m i g h t s i m p l y t r a n s f e r t h e m o n e y t h r o u g h a se r ies of a c c o u n t s at v a r i o u s b a n k s a c r o s s t h e g l o b e . In s o m e cases , t h e l a u n d e r e r m i g h t d i sgu i se t h e t r a n s f e r s as p a y m e n t s fo r g o o d s a n d se rv i ces , t h u s g i v i n g t h e m a l e g i t í m a t e a p p e a r a n c e .

Hav ing s u c c e s s f u l l y p r o c e s s e d his c r i m i n a l p r o f i t s t h r o u g h t h e f i r s t t w o phases of t h e m o n e y -l a u n d e r i n g p r o c e s s , t he l a u n d e r e r t h e n moves t o t h e t h i r d s t a g e - i n t e g r a t i o n . T h e f u n d s n o w reen te r t h e l e g i t í m a t e e c o n o m y .

The l a u n d e r e r m i g h t c h o o s e t o invest in real es tá te , l u x u r y asse ts or b u s i n e s s v e n t u r e s .

Source: Adapted from FATF (Financial Action Task Force)/OECD. Retrieved

b What do cr imináis do w i th their money?

c In your count ry , do you know if there are any bank regulat ions about ¡Ilegal prof i ts? What are t hey?

m www.fatf-gafi.org/pages/faq/moneylaundering/

Business Update

mawi ' i» .

13.D

Read t h e t ex t a n d say ¡f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t s a re t r u e (T) o r fa l se (F). If t h e r e is n o t e n o u g h i n f o r m a t i o n , w r i t e d o n ' t k n o w (DK) .

a Governments are help less in the face ^ ~ of money launder ing. —

b It is d i f f icul t to use money f r om cr ime i—i in the f inancial sys tem. I I

c A money launderer is a v io lent cr iminal .

d It is not possible for a d rug traff icker to i — i depos i t money directly into a bank account. I I

• • • • • • • •

Which of the fo l lowing w o r d s does not descr ibe an amoun t of money?

It is safer for a launderer to depos i t one huge s u m of money than lots of smal ler amoun ts .

The launderer can t r y to conver t i l legal prof i ts into legal funds by t ransferr ing t hem th rough var ious accounts .

Purchasing investments is a g o o d way of launder ing money.

Illegal prof i ts cannot be used d i rect ly to purchase goods .

Money launderers have amaz ing l i festyles.

The th i rd s tage of money launder ing is cal led integrat ion.

Money launderers are o f ten caught by t he pól ice.

Af ter the money- launder ing process, f unds reenter the legit ímate economy.

Vocabulary

3 Put a c ross (X) bes ide t h e o d d o n e ou t .

a Which of the fo l lowing is not a lways i l legal?

1 a rms sales

2 smugg l ing

3 d rug t raf f ick ing

4 f raud

b Which of the fo l lowing is not a s tage in the money- launder ing p rocess?

1 convers ión

2 scheming

3 p lacement

4 integrat ion

• • • • • • •

1 cash

2 prof i t

3 purchase

4 funds

Which of the fo l lowing is not a bank ing p rocedure?

• • •

1 credi t • 2 t ransfer • 3 disguise • 4 deb i t •

Writing

4 Wr i te t o y o u r bank c o m p l a i n i n g a b o u t a m i s take o n y o u r accoun t . M e n t i o n t h e d a t e o f t h e m i s take , t h e t y p e o f m i s take a n d w h a t y o u w a n t t h e b a n k t o d o . Refer t o t h e C o r r e s p o n d e n c e s e c t i o n in t h e back o f t h e b o o k . (Wr i te a b o u t 1 0 0 w o r d s . )

1 4 Food for thought

14.A Eating in style

An o f f i ce in 1 9 0 5

Grammar - used to

1 Wr i te a s e n t e n c e a b o u t t h e d i f f e rences b e t w e e n o íd a n d m o d e r n o f f i ces . Use t h e f o l l o w i n g t o p i c s a n d used t o .

a compu te rs

£rr\ploije.e-g> iteed -to u>ork. torthoo-t pompo-fecs

a.nd do e-ve-fi^-fning b i j hand.

b t e lephones

f a tmosphere

g the Internet

h wo rk ing hours

i bosses c pho tocop ie rs

j staff d furn i ture

k spo r t s faci l i t ies e cater ing faci l i t ies

Business Update

2 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h used to (pos i t i ve , nega t i ve o r q u e s t i o n f o r m s ) o r t h e s i m p l e pas t o f t h e v e r b in b racke ts . Use b o t h f o r m s w h e r e poss ib l e .

I never o^>ed -to e a t

must go on a diet.

(eat) so m u c h !

b We (eat) beef at home,

bu t w e don ' t anymore .

c I of ten

w e

(not see) Sam a l though

(play) basketbal l in

the same team.

Vocabulary - food

3 Class i fy t h e f o l l o w i n g f o o d s in to t h e c a t e g o r i e s g i v e n be low .

French f r ies sandw iches sea bass

cr isps choco la te boof beans peas

app les peaches tuna hamburgers

mangoes s t rawberr ies lamb pork

sa lmón ch icken oranges cod anchov ies

a Meat: beef , lamb

b Vegetab les : .

d We (eat) lunch at work ,

but the f ood has go t much bet ter recently.

Fruit:

Did you (want) to be an

ast ronaut w h e n you were y o u n g ?

d Snacks:

f We

hol iday very o f ten.

(not go) away on e Fish:

g Neil

he was travel l ing.

h My company

(wr i te) t o me whi le

(be) in the

cent re of t o w n , but n o w it's in the suburbs .

Keith

last year.

Which team

matches?

(play) in a band

(win) all the

(eat) in the cafetería

fo r the f i rs t t ime on Thursday

A d d t h e ñ a m e s o f t h r e e m o r e f o o d s t h a t y o u ea t regu la r l y t o each ca tego ry . Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

Pronunciation - used to and didn't use to

® CD1 T R 7 6 L is ten t o t h e pa i rs o f sen tences a n d unde r l i ne t h e s t r essed w o r d s in each sen tence .

a 1 Th ings used to be very d i f ferent !

2 Th ings used to be ve ry d i f ferent !

b 1 Canteens d idn ' t use to serve fore ign f o o d .

2 Canteens d idn ' t use to serve fore ign f o o d .

c 1 H o w long d id the average lunch break use to be?

2 H o w long d id the average lunch break use to be?

W h a t d i f f e rence d o e s t h e c h a n g e in s t ress m a k e t o t h e m e a n i n g o f t h e s e n t e n c e ?

14 Food for thought

14.B It's on the company!

Grammar - future forms

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h going to f o r i n ten t ions o r t h e p resen t p rog ress i ve f o r a r rangemen ts . Use bo th f o r m s w h e n t h e sen tence m i g h t be an in ten t ion o r an a r r angemen t .

l'm s ta rv ing ! l 'm going -to have.

an eno rmous lunch.

(have)

b We (not have) lunch

in the staff cafetería. The f ood is d isgus t ing !

(get) a Coke f r om

the machine. D o you wan t one?

d It's a lmost 5 p.m. I

(take) the mail to the post of f ice be fore it

c loses.

e It's the company 's 6 0 t h anniversary next year.

There (be) an

eno rmous ce lebra t ion !

f It's the end of the mon th next Thursday.

I (get) my f i rst

salary payment .

g We (eat) at the

Italian restaurant this evening. _

you

( join) us?

h We've agreed that Pippa and

and you

(f inish) the invoices,

(do) the

del ivery notes.

¡ There's a bus str ike, so l'm not

(use) the bus.

_ (take) my umbre l la

w i th me. It looks like rain.

I'll never leam h o w to use th is so f tware .

I (waste) my t ime

any more.

Vocabulary - food

2 Place t h e w o r d s f r o m t h e b o x in to t h e c o r r e c t ca tego ry , d e p e n d i n g o n w h e n t hey a re usua l l y ea ten . S o m e f o o d s may f i t in m o r e t h a n o n e ca tego ry . Use y o u r d i c t i o n a r y if necessary .

ome le t te melón choco la te cake frui t

steak pie apple c rumb le lamb c h o p s

f ish and ch ips prawn cockta i l

Caesar salad caramel custard salami

sa lmón and new po ta toes tuna steak

soup lasagne apple pie T-bone steak

solé ¡ce cream tomato and mozzarel la salad

green salad sausage and mashed pota toes

vegetar ían r isot to

S t a r t e r s M a i n c o u r s e s D e s s e r t s

130 Business Update

14.B

3 C h o o s e s o m e o f t h e f o o d d i shes l i s ted in A c t i v i t y 2 t o w r i t e y o u r o w n m e n ú .

Starters

Main courses

^Vegetarían dishes

Vesserts

4 Wr i t e t h r e e t yp i ca l d i shes f r o m y o u r o w n c o u n t r y in each o f t h e c a t e g o r i e s be low.

Star ters:

Main courses :

Desser ts :

Pronunciation - intonation in positive and negative responses

<D CD1 T R 7 7 L is ten t o t h e r e c o r d i n g . Wh ich r e s p o n s e s s o u n d pos i t i ve (P) a n d w h i c h s o u n d nega t i ve (N )?

a It's w o n d e r f u l !

b That 's te r r ib le ! • c It sounds aw fu l ! • d It's great! • e Oh dear! • f That 's terr i f ic ! • g It's aw fu l ! • h It's fantast ic ! • Pract ise say ing t h e responses .

13

14.C What the customer wants

Grammar - second conditional sentences

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences us ing t h e w o r d in b racke ts w i t h would o r could w h e r e necessary .

More peop le tooold e-at

cafeter ia if the f ood ¡oag

better.

If the company

cl ients, w e

(eat) in the

(be)

( reach) more

(do) really wel l .

We

if w e

If w e

w e

(satisfy) more cus tomers

_ ( improve) our quali ty.

If the open ing t imes _

more convenient , w e

more cus tomers .

_ ( lower) our menú pr ices,

(attract) younger peop le .

(be)

(at t ract)

f We

image if w e _

organic f o o d .

' improve) ou r cus tomer

(sell) more

If w e

people

We

w e

If I

(advert ise) better, more

_ (know) abou t us.

(make) b igger prof i ts if

(sell) more.

so w h y bo ther?

If the of f ices

(work) harder, I

(not earn) any more money,

(not be) so far

away, t he j ou rney to w o r k (not

take) so long.

If our compu te rs

mode rn , w e

eff iciently.

If the company _

(be) more

(work) more

'move) to a

b igger bu i ld ing, everyone

(have) his or her o w n of f ice.

Vocabulary - word combinations

2 M a t c h t h e w o r d s ( a - k ) t o t h e w o r d s (1 -11 ) t o m a k e as m a n y c o m b i n a t i o n s as y o u can .

a good 1 seo re

b bad 2 meáis

c overal l 3 pr ice

d h igh 4 qual i ty

e suf f ic ient 5 var iety

f excel lent 6 improvement

g poor 7 resul ts

h average 8 f igures

i low 9 level

j cheap 1 0 opin ión

k expensive 11 cus tomers

good escoce,,

Business Update

3 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences , c h o o s i n g ph rases f r o m A c t i v i t y 2 . M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be p o s s i b l e a n d y o u may use t h e i nd i v i dua l w o r d s m o r e t h a n o n c e .

a We need more good co^-tome-fó - peop le w h o

c o m e in to eat every day.

b Cus tomer sat is fact ion is at a very

- 9 8 per cent say they like

our serv ices.

Our cus tomers tell us that w e have a

on our menus and like the

fac t that w e change t h e m every day.

d Our food is of an as w e

buy it f r om the best suppl iers.

The f igures show an

are much bet ter than last year.

f You have very

They

in this test

- less than 2 0 per cent. It's not nearly as g o o d

as usual. What happened to y o u ?

Tve been look ing at your marks for the past

th ree months . You have very

If you cont inué work ing wel l , you wi l l pass the

exam easily.

h The wants g o o d qual i ty fo r

a reasonable pr ice.

th ink w e sell our p roduc ts at an

- they are not cheap, but

they are not expensive either.

j These are a - tw ice

the pr ice our cus tomers usually pay in their

cafeterías.

k Last year, if you look at the company repor t ,

you wi l l see that t he were

excel lent.

I This year w e see very

The company is not do ing wel l at all.

4 Wr i t e f i ve o f y o u r o w n sen tences us i ng w o r d c o m b i n a t i o n s f r o m A c t i v i t y 2 .

a I go-f good r e ^ o f e in mi j exa-m.

Pronunciation - stress on new information

Read the speech be low and under l ine t h e w o r d s wh ich need ext ra stress in o rde r t o make the mean ing clear.

Let 's move on to o ther fac tors , like the

restaurants themse lves and t he hours of open ing .

We f ind sl ight ly d i f ferent resul ts : 2 0 per cent f ind

t he hours of open ing very convenient , 2 3 per

cent convenient , and that leaves us w i th 5 7 per

cent w h o are not sat isf ied. The p rob lem appears

to be longer wo rk ing hours . A n d t he fac t that

peop le don ' t have regular meáis any more. They

snack all day. If w e had longer open ing t imes, w e

w o u l d sat isfy more cus tomers . So w e mus t open

longer hours - maybe even 2 4 hours a day in

s o m e of our restaurants.

• CD1 T R 7 8 L is ten t o t h e r e c o r d i n g a n d check . # N o w p rac t i se say ing t h e m cor rec t l y .

14 ¡ Food for thought

Quiz - What do I know?

Start here •> W h a t w o u l d y o u s a y ?

W h a t w o u l d y o u say in t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t u a t i o n s ? If y o u can , r e c o r d y o u r a n s w e r s a n d l i s ten t o yourse l f .

a Say t w o th ings that you used to do P o i n t s but don ' t do any more. / 4

b Talk abou t an intent ion for next w e e k using going to. / 2

c Descr ibe the best meal you have had in the last mon th . / 2

Write t w o sentences abou t wha t you w o u l d , cou ld or might do if you had more free t ime. / 4

T o t a l / 12

N o w check y o u r a n s w e r s o n • p 1 5 9

If you have scored six or less, go to the B l u e run. If you have scored seven or more , go to the B l a c k run.

e If GM foods

i l legal, w e _

_ (become)

(be) much safer.

f

she

g If I -

(speak) to Ms Spagni if

(cali) again.

(earn) more money,

h If

(buy) a car.

(work) shor te r hours,

(have) more f ree t ime.

2 Rewr i t e t h e s e sen tences us ing used to.

a The company I wo rk for s tar ted do ing business ten years ago.

b It is a small company, but has g rown enormous ly .

I ue run

1 C o m p l e t e t h e s e sen tences w i t h t h e v e r b in b racke ts a n d will o r would w h e r e necessary . M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib le .

If you ea.-f

u)ül p i r r

(eat) t oo much , you

(put) on we igh t .

If Brad

he

(eat) more healthily,

(have) more energy.

But he refuses to change his habi ts.

We (eat) more organic

(be) foods if they

available, but they aren' t in mos t supermarkets .

There were 13 employees, n o w there are 140 .

d The company made fast food for o ther compan ies , but n o w it has d ivers i f ied and has s tar ted its o w n fast f ood chain.

e We were j us t sel l ing in England, bu t now w e sell all over the wo r l d .

If w e

foods , our budge t

They are a lot more expensive.

(buy) more organic

(go u p ) .

Business Update

Black run 3 K

Supermarkets s tock more organic f ood . (likely)

1 Respond t o t h e p r o m p t s be low, us i ng going to in a pos i t i ve o r n e g a t i v e r esponse .

a l'm hungry !

l 'm going t o g e t ¿.omething -to ea t .

b He hates his j o b .

c l'm fed up w i th be ing a s tudent .

d What are you do ing th is evening?

e l'm broke!

f Tve got a terr ib le s tomachache.

g We're in love.

live t oo far f r om my work .

d GM foods are made il legal. (unl ikely)

e The company does a market survey. (likely)

f The company lowered t he pr ice of its p roduc ts . (unlikely)

g Your salary increases. (likely)

h You spend less of your income on food . (unlikely)

Wr i te if sen tences f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t ua t i ons . Wr i t e f i r s t c o n d i t i o n a l sen tences f o r s i t ua t i ons w h i c h are l ike ly a n d s e c o n d c o n d i t i o n a l sen tences f o r s i t ua t i ons w h i c h a re unl ike ly .

a The economic s i tuat ion gets wo rse . (likely)

I f - the economic ^ r toa t ion get¿. loofóe, more

people iQill be onemplot^ed.

b The economic si tuat ion ge ts better. (unlikely)

You w in the nat ional lottery. (unl ikely)

Transía te t h e s e sen tences in to y o u r o w n l a n g u a g e in y o u r n o t e b o o k . Then c ióse t h i s b o o k a n d t rans ía te y o u r sen tences back in to Eng l ish .

a I used to spend a lot of t ime playing compu te r games, but I don ' t have t ime anymore .

b l'm go ing to s tar t look ing for a n e w j o b next week.

c If the wo r l d p roduced more food , fewer peop le w o u l d die of hunger.

135

14 Food for thought

14.D Organic food

Reading an article

1 B e f o r e y o u read t h e t ex t o n t h e r igh t , w r i t e d o w n f i ve sen tences a b o u t y o u r e a t i n g hab i t s . T h e n read t h e t ex t a n d check if y o u r hab i t s are hea l thy .

a I o¿.oa.llLj ha.ve. ce-re.a.1 f o r brea-k-fa-s-t.

How to eat healthily at work 1 Have breakfast. A b o w l o f cereal and milk is a

part icular ly good star t . Missing breakfast affects you r concent ra t ion. It means you eat all you r meáis in nine hours and creates a d is to r ted eating pa t te rn wh ich ¡s bad fo r you r stomach.

2 Dr ink . Dehydra t ion is a major p r o b l e m for off ice worke rs . Mos t o f t h e body's react ions, which reléase energy, rely o n water. But you can be dehydrated w i t h o u t feeling thirsty. T w o litres a day wil l help y o u r concent ra t ion and circulat ion.

3 Resist large lunches ¡f you wan t t o concéntrate laten Baked pota to , pasta-based salad and a sandwich are all good luncht ime food . But a w o r d o f warn ing - having m o r e pasta and less sauce o r t h i c k e r bread and less fill ing is be t t e r f o r you.

4 Plan if you wan t t o avoid being dependen t o n your company's canteen o r t he sandwich bar. Food prov ided by employers varíes enormously, b u t mos t seem t o prov ide crisps and chocolate in large quanti t ies. Eating these is n o t a good habit t o get into.

5 Vary wha t you eat. If you have t h e same sandwich every day, y o u r d iet wi l l n o t be balanced. W a r m food is n o t necessarily preferable t o cold - except that y o u r d iet is likely t o be m o r e var ied if you somet imes have ho t meáis.

6 Eat f ive por t ions o f f ru i t and vegetables daily. You wi l l be building defences against cáncer: ant ioxidants in f ru i t and vegetables attack t h e ' f ree radicáis' wh i ch can c o r r u p t healthy ce II g r o w t h .

Read t h e t ex t a n d t i ck ( • ) t h e s t a t e m e n t s w h i c h a re co r rec t .

a The best breakfast for concent ra t ion for a w h o l e morn ing is:

1 a bowl of cereal 11/1

2 cake

3 cheese and sausage

Source: MacErlean, N (2001, July 8). How to eat healthily at work. The Guardian. Retrieved from www.guardian.co.uk/business/2001/jul/08/ theobserver.observerbusiness23

Drink ing t w o litres of water wil l he lp:

1 the speed at w h i c h you w o r k

2 your abi l i ty to th ink abou t your wo rk and your health

the ease w i th w h i c h you w o r k

• • •

136 Business Update

•

c If you are dehydra ted :

1 you feel th i rs ty

2 you don ' t feel th i rs ty

3 you don ' t necessar i ly feel th i rs ty

d The best luncht ime sandw ich is:

1 one w i t h th ick bread and smal l f i l l ing

2 one w i t h lots of f i l l ing

3 t una f ish in a cream sauce

e Food prov ided by employers :

1 is nutr i t ious

2 can give you bad habi ts

3 is bad for you

f Every day you shou ld eat:

1 d i f ferent th ings

2 ho t meáis

3 the same th ings

g Eating f ive por t ions of f ru i t and vegetab les can pro tec t you f r om :

1 cáncer

2 eat ing d isorders

3 s tomach p rob lems

Vocabulary - word combinations

3 M a t c h t h e v e r b s ( a - i ) t o t h e w o r d s ( 1 - 1 0 ) in t h e space p r o v i d e d t o m a k e as many c o m b i n a t i o n s as y o u can .

Eat a he-ai-thij die-t, drink. u?ater,

a eat 1 lunch

b bui ld 2 energy

c vary 3 defences

d dr ink 4 large lunches

e miss 5 concent ra t ion

f a f fect 6 musc les

g at tack 7 f ree radicáis

h reléase 8 a heal thy d iet

i resist 9 an unheal thy d iet

10 water

Listening - at the restaurant

4 Rod a n d Sarah are o r d e r i n g a mea l in a res tau ran t .

• CD1 T R 7 9 L is ten t o t h e d i a l o g u e a n d t i ck ( • ) t h e f o o d t h a t t h e y o rder .

Starters Sarah Rod

Avocado • • P r a w n c o c k t a i l • • T o m a t o sa lad • • Main courses

G r i l l e d s a l m ó n • • L a m b chop • • S i r l o i n s teak • • Vegetables

Green beans • • Potatoes • • M i x e d vegetables • • Salad • •

Writing

5 Wr i te t o y o u r b o s s m a k i n g s u g g e s t i o n s f o r ¡ m p r o v e m e n t s in y o u r s ta f f ca fe ter ía . Th ink o f t h e m e n ú , t h e o p e n i n g h o u r s a n d t h e decor . If y o u d o n o t have a s ta f f ca fe ter ía , m a k e s u g g e s t i o n s as t o w h y y o u t h i n k o n e is necessary . (Wr i te a b o u t 2 0 0 wo rds . )

1 5 It's an e-world! IT

15.A Living in cyberspace

Grammar - present progressive

1 Cross o u t t h e i nco r rec t v e r b f o r m s in t h e sen tences be low .

Repor t ing on t he economic si tuat ion varíes I is varying enormous ly . Somet imes , depend ing on your sources it gets / is getting better, and somet imes it gets / is getting worse . When you read I are reading the newspapers , you learn I are learning that at the moment , it improves / is improving rapidly. More peop le find I are finding j obs , salaries increase I are increasing and the overal l p ic ture is I is being qui te healthy. Both serv ice sec tors and manufac tur ing sec tors develop I are developing thei r markets. The mos t recent f igures I have I am having here are f r om the Internet and they give I are giving us g o o d reasons to be very opt imist ic .

2 Wr i te sen tences a b o u t t r e n d s w i t h t he i n fo rma t i on o n t h e g r i d a n d t he p r o m p t s on t h e r igh t .

Last January This January

a Compu te rs sold 2 mi l l ion 3 mi l l ion

b Shopp ing on l ine £10 mi l l ion £14 mi l l ion

c Consumer spend ing on t he high s t ree t

£ 5 0 0 mi l l ion

£450 mi l l ion

d Hol idays ab road 2 ,000,000 1,800,000

e W o r k i n g week in of f ices

38 hours 42 hours

f V i s i t s t o res taurants

560 ,000 545 ,000

g In te rne t users 2 ,670,000 3,459,000

h A m o u n t o f t i m e spent on t he In te rne t per person

1 h o u r a day

3 hours a day

i Bankaccoun ts 540 ,000 568 ,000

j Consumpt ion of a lcohol du r ing t h e week

56% 6 8 %

a p e o p l e / b u y

Pe-ople. a-re. bouyng more- compu-fe-r^

b p e o p l e / d o

c p e o p l e / s p e n d

d peop le /have

e of f ice s ta f f /work

f peop le /ea t

g peop le /use

h p e o p l e / s p e n d t ime

i p e o p l e / o p e n bank accounts

j peop le /a l coho l

138 Business Update

Vocabulary - phrasal verbs

3 Rewr i te t h e sen tences , r ep lac i ng t h e w o r d g i ven in i ta l ics w i t h a t w o - w o r d v e r b f r o m t h e b o x be low . M a k e any c h a n g e s in t h e w o r d o r d e r w h i c h a re necessa ry a n d pay a t t e n t i o n t o t e n s e c h a n g e s .

g o into go d o w n look at log on

otart up take ou t f ind ou t leave ou t

look for car ry ou t go up

a He began his o w n bus iness in 1 9 9 9 .

He. 5>-ta.rte.d op hús oion bo¿.ine¿.^ in 1999.

b l'm doing s o m e research into ways of sell ing music on the Internet.

c The retail company sold so f tware f i rst, and then compu te rs as wel l .

d We'll consider last year 's f igures, and then make a dec is ión.

e Our Internet sales have decreased th is year.

f H o w many t imes a day do you connect to the Internet?

g She withdrew her cred i t card f r om her pocket and keyed in the PIN number.

k l've searched for the in format ion, but I can ' t f ind it.

Q Pronunciation - differences between British and American accents

® CD1 T R 8 0 L is ten a n d p rac t i se t h e d i f f e r e n t p r o n u n c i a t i o n s . H o w d o t h e w o r d s c h a n g e ?

a tune

b vase

c clerk

d new

e fast

f tu rn

g wr i te r

h cont rac t

¡ host i le

j number

h I must discover w h o that man is.

i I th ink l've to ld you every th ing . Or have omitted some th ing?

j The f igures have increased in the past year.

15 i K's an e-world!

15.B www.entertainment

Grammar - the future

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e v e r b in b racke ts in t h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e o r w i t h going to o r will. A d d any a d d i t i o n a l v o c a b u l a r y w h e r e n e e d e d . M o r e t h a n o n e a n s w e r may be poss ib l e .

D e a r Lo re t ta ,

I have some exc i t ing news. I a m a going -to g t a r t

(start) m y o w n business. T h e bank b

( lend) me the money. I t c

(be) i n m y account before the end o f

the m o n t h , and then I can start do ing business. I

d (sell) music on the In ternet .

Crazy, isn't it? Everybody says I e

(lose) a l l m y money. B u t I f .

(make) a success o f i t , you can be sure!

D u r i n g the next m o n t h , g

(contact) a lo t o f advertisers. Some o f t h e m have

already promised me ads, bu t l 'm sure most o f

t h e m h (be) interested. M y

website i (be wo rk ) i n a couple

o f weeks, so you j (be able) to

see more about wha t I k (do).

N o t a l l In ternet businesses fa i l , and I k n o w m ine

1 (succeed)! W i s h me luck.

L o v e ,

N e d

2 Wr i te sen tences us ing t h e p r o m p t s a b o u t y o u r life in t h e f u tu re us ing t he p resen t p rog ress ive , going to o r will. You may be ab le t o use m o r e t h a n o n e f o r m .

a your age next year

Next cje-ac Til be. 11.

b your d inner plans

c your success in your next exams

d stay/ leave school at the end of the year

e your next hol iday - w h e r e ?

f your plans for after you leave co l lege

g your act iv i t ies next weekend

h the weather t o m o r r o w

i your next purchase of a CD

j the next b i r thday of a c ióse f r iend or m e m b e r of your fami ly

k your plans for ce lebrat ing the b i r thday in j

140 Business Update

15.B

Vocabulary

3 M a t c h t h e w o r d s ( a - l ) t o t h e i r d e f i n i t i o n s ( 1 - 1 2 ) .

a down load

g home page

h message board

¡ cha t room

j l ink

k search eng ine

I cook ie

8

10

11

12

a vir tual space in w h i c h peop le wr i te and read messages in real t ime

someth ing you f ind on the screen w h e n you go to a webs i te

a list of webs i t e addresses you have s tored fo r easy access

the indust ry in wh ich peop le w i t h compu te r skills f ind j obs

a dev ice w h i c h moves in format ion or p rog rams f r o m one part of a compu te r sys tem to another

a compu te r p rogram w h i c h searches the Internet fo r in format ion

a w o r d , phrase or image, o f ten under l ined, that you cl ick on and wh ich connec ts you to a speci f ic webs i te

a si te whe re you can pos t in format ion/ leave messages

a p rogram that a l lows you to look at and interact w i th in format ion on the w e b

to jo in a mai l ing list

someth ing w h i c h is saved on your compu te r w h e n you b rowse a webs i te . It t racks wha t you v iew and registers your compu te r to that site

someth ing wh ich stores in format ion, f i les and programs that you connec t to and retr ieve

Pronunciation - contraction of will

• CD1 TR81 L is ten t o t h e f o l l o w i n g sen tences w h i c h use t h e c o n t r a c t e d f o r m o f will.

a There' l l be less compe t i t i on !

b l'll on ly need a small investment.

c l'll need t o invest mi l l ions of dol lars.

d My Internet company' l l make huge savings.

e That' l l be dif f icult .

f There' l l be thousands of new j o b s in IT.

g You'll be sorry !

h How' l l your Internet company f ind its cus tomers?

Prac t i se say ing t h e m a l o u d .

15 I It's an e-world!

15.C Getting started

Grammar - ~inganú -et f forms

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences , a d d i n g ~ing o r ~ed t o t h e v e r b s g i ven ¡n b racke ts .

Tfijing (try) to bo r row money

is qui te a long and di f f icul t task.

b I look f o rwa rd to (do)

business w i t h you .

2 Wr i te sen tences a b o u t you rse l f f r o m t h e p r o m p t s b e l o w us ing t h e ~¡ng f o r m .

a be keen on

l ' m V~e,er\n plax-yng -tennis.

b be fond of

c l'm (bore) w i t h th is

j o b . Can't you f ind me someth ing more

( interest) to do?

d That sounds (exci te) !

c look fo rward to

d be interested in

e l'm s tar t ing my o w n Internet business w i th

(bo r row) money.

e enjoy

f l'm

your a rguments

enough for my bosses?

(conv ince) . But are

(convince)

is very ef fect ive.

h $ 5 - t h a t ' s t he

(advert ise) on the Internet

(advert ise)

pr ice. I saw it in a magaz ine.

¡ There's a lot of ¡Ilegal

(down load) f r om the Internet, isn't t he re?

j Before

consul t my boss.

k I cons idered

(dec ide) , I need to

(work)

for a big company, but I really en joy

(work) in small teams.

f keep on

g not give up

h can imagine

¡ not mind

j like

k f in ish

I avoid

\2 Business Update

15.C

Vocabulary - opposites

3 M a t c h t h e w o r d s ( a - j ) t o t h e i r o p p o s i t e s ( 1 - 1 0 ) .

a make money

b w in

c dec l ine

d cus tomer

e deb i t

f losses

g p rob lems

h bo r row

i sel l ing

i fail

1 lose c a

2 succeed a

3 so lu t ions

4 lend b

5 sa lesperson c

^ 6 lose money d

7 prof i ts e

8 g r o w t h f

9 purchas ing g

1 0 credi t h

Q Pronunciation - expressing reservations

A ® CD1 T R 8 2 L is ten t o t h e r emarks a n d w r i t e

Uhhm. Certainly sounds interest ing. | £ |

A re you sure that t he idea is prof i tab le?

D e m a n d wi l l g row.

Yes, that 's qui te conv inc ing.

But wi l l you reach these new users?

That 's easy on the Internet.

l'll sell a lot.

OK, maybe. Go on .

All my cards are on the table.

B Ma tch a and b t o the i r i n tona t i on pa t te rns 1 and 2.

1 Expressing reservat ion

Being af f i rmat ive

Intonation rises at the beg inn ing and has a big fall at the end .

Intonat ion is level, w i t h a small rise at the end .

15 i It's an e-world!

Quiz - What do I know?

Start here •> W h a t w o u l d y o u s a y ?

W h a t w o u l d y o u say ¡n t h e f o l l o w i n g s i t u a t i o n s ? If y o u can , r e c o r d y o u r a n s w e r s a n d l i s ten t o yourse l f .

Express your d o u b t or reservat ion in four d i f ferent ways.

Write d o w n t w o pred ic t ions about the Internet.

Wri te t w o sen tences to descr ibe a current economic or social t rend in your country .

P o i n t s

/ 4

/ 4

T o t a l / 12

N o w check y o u r a n s w e r s o n • p 1 5 9

If you have scored six or less, go to the B l u e run. If you have scored seven or more , go t o the B l a c k run.

2 Cross o u t t h e i nco r rec t f u t u r e f o r m a n d c o r r e c t t h e m is takes y o u f i n d . N o t al l o f t h e sen tences a re incor rec t .

a Sabr ina: Are you do ing anyth ing th is even ing?

l 'm goiog

Olga: Yes, Ü H J o t o a restaurant.

b Harry: I can' t f ind the invoice fi le.

Charles: l'm go ing t o help you look for it.

c A lexander: That o rder wi l l never arrive on t ime!

Chr ist ina: I know. The cus tomer is expec t ing it t omor row.

d El izabeth: Will you go to t he of f ice par ty on Friday?

Phill ip: Yes. Is Ben go ing?

e Beatr ice: Are you really go ing to apply fo r another j o b ?

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h t h e p resen t s imp le o r t h e p resen t p rog ress i ve of t he f o l l o w i n g ve rbs .

Lucy:

f Erica:

Yes, bu t l'm not go ing to tell the boss yet.

s low face cont inué a f te rnoon?

rise be (x2) fall Jocelyn: No, l'll go t o the doc tor ' s .

This month 's main economic indicators a are g Derek: Where are you go ing?

as fo l lows. The ou t look for the g lobal e c o n o m y

h not g n o d and prof i ts ¡n many Pat: l'll see the boss.

b ig compan ies c Employment and

s tock markets are decl in ing everywhere . On the

o ther hand, inf lat ion d d o w n . It has

stabi l ized at a new low th is week of 2.7 per cent.

In s o m e countr ies , retail sales e

t o f , but industr ial sec tors

g a down tu rn .

144 Business Update

Black run ^s^.

1 C o m p l e t e t h e sen tences w i t h a n o u n o r an ad jec t i ve o f t h e f o l l o w i n g v e r b s .

wo rk - s t a r t • send lend rise

learn (x2) s tudy deve lop

a S-tart ing

be very exc i t ing.

a lways easy.

your o w n bus iness must

a fore ign language is not

c A large par t of many young employees ' j o b s

involves e-mai ls.

d Onl ine is very f lexible and

much more conven ient than a fu l l - t ime course

at co l lege.

money is the bank's main

business,

f I really don ' t like

g Part- t ime

popular.

is becoming very

h house pnces mean that

young peop le cannot af ford to buy their o w n

homes.

¡ The economic s i tuat ion in

count r ies is complex .

2 Wr i te sen tences t h a t m a k e p r e d i c t i o n s us ing will

a b o u t t h e f o l l o w i n g t o p i c s .

a j obs

eVood \ck>¿> iQill be. harder -fo -find.

c your career

d your age on your next b i r thday

e the ra inforests

f g lobal wa rm ing

g hol idays in space

in f inance. h your f i rs t language

3 Transía te t h e s e sen tences in to y o u r o w n l a n g u a g e in y o u r n o t e b o o k . Then c ióse th i s b o o k a n d t rans ía te y o u r s e n t e n c e s back i n to Eng l i sh .

a Deve lop ing count r ies are show ing s igns of economic g r o w t h .

b We'll have a much bet ter l i festyle in ten years ' t ime.

c Your a rguments are conv inc ing .

b cars

15 ! It's an e-world!

15.D Mobile Communications

Reading an article

1 Be fo re y o u read t h e tex t , answer t h e s e ques t i ons .

a D o you know anyone w h o has 'p i ra ted ' music f r o m the Internet?

If so, w h a t ? And h o w d id they do it?

b Do you prefer to buy w h o l e a lbums or individual songs?

Digital music a n d consumers M u s i c i s i n c r e a s i n g l y b e i n g d o w n l o a d e d o r s t r e a m e d

t o PCs, M P 3 p l a y e r s o r m o b i l e p h o n e s , r a t h e r t h a n

p u r c h a s e d i n a p h y s i c a l f o r m a t . I n a n e ra w h e r e

e v e r y t h i n g is c o n s u m e d o n a c a s u a l a n d t e m p o r a r y

bas i s , t h i s m a y s p e l l t h e e n d f o r CDs a n d is a l s o

t h e h u b o f a g l o b a l d e b a t e o n p i r a c y . So w h a t d o

c o n s u m e r s r e a l l y p r e f e r ? A n d m o r e i m p o r t a n t l y , a r e

t h e y o b t a i n i n g m u s i c l e g a l l y ?

M u s i c i t s e l f is m o r e access i b l e n o w t h a n k s t o s e r v i c e s

l i k e t h e i T u n e s s t o r e . D o w n l o a d i n g m a k e s i t eas ie r

t h a n e v e r t o l i s t e n t o m u s i c , a n d i T u n e s a l l o w s

p e o p l e t o h e a r m u s i c t h e y m a y n o t h a v e o t h e r w i s e

h e a r d t h a n k s t o i t s ' G e n i u s ' f u n c t i o n w h i c h m a t c h e s

s o n g s t o s i m i l a r m u s i c i n a q u e s t t o e x p a n d l i s t e n i n g

r e p e r t o i r e s .

H o w e v e r , m u s i c p i r a c y is a h u g e p a r t o f t h e I n t e r n e t

a n d m o s t c o u n t r i e s a r e l o o k i n g t o c r a c k d o w n o n i t . A

p l e t h o r a o f w e b s i t e s n o w a l l o w c o n s u m e r s t o s t r e a m

m u s i c w i t h o u t a c t u a l l y d o w n l o a d i n g a n d k e e p i n g

i t . S t r e a m i n g s i tes p r o v i d e a w a y f o r c o n s u m e r s t o

s a m p l e m u s i c w h e n e v e r t h e y w a n t t o , b e f o r e b e i n g

g i v e n t h e o p t i o n t o p u r c h a s e l e g a l d o w n l o a d s o r

p h y s i c a l a l b u m s . M a n y c o n s u m e r s a r e w i l l i n g t o p u t

u p w i t h o c c a s i o n a l a d v e r t i s e m e n t s i f i t m e a n s t h e y

a r e n o l o n g e r b r e a k i n g t h e l a w a n d a re a l s o o b t a i n i n g

f r e e m u s i c . T h e c o n c e p t o f s t r e a m i n g t i e s i n w i t h

t h e m a j o r c o n s u m e r t r e n d t o w a r d s ' t r a n s u m e r i s m ' ,

w h e r e b y e v e r y t h i n g i s c o n s u m e d o n a c a s u a l a n d

t e m p o r a r y bas is . T h e i d e a o f p h y s i c a l l y o w n i n g

s o m e t h i n g m a y n o l o n g e r b e t h e u l t í m a t e g o a l f o r

c o n s u m e r s .

R e s e a r c h c o n d u c t e d b y m u s i c r e s e a r c h c o m p a n i e s

M u s i c A l l y a n d T h e L e a d i n g Q u e s t i o n l a s t s u m m e r

f o u n d t h a t i l l e g a l m u s i c s h a r i n g i s d e c l i n i n g a n d t h a t

t e e n s a r e n o w i n c r e a s i n g l y s t r e a m i n g m u s i c o n l i n e

i n s t e a d . T h e y o u n g e r g e n e r a t i o n j u s t w a n t s t o c l i c k -

n o t o n t h e d o w n l o a d b u t t o n , b u t o n t h e p l a y b u t t o n .

O f t h e 1 ,000 14 t o 18 y e a r o l d s p o l l e d , o n l y 2 6 p e r

c e n t a d m i t t e d t o i l l e g a l l y s h a r i n g m u s i c f i l e s , d o w n

f r o m 4 2 p e r c e n t i n D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 7 . I n s t e a d , 65 p e r

c e n t o f r e s p o n d e n t s s a i d t h e y s t r e a m m u s i c o n l i n e a t

leas t o n c e a m o n t h .

T h e m a i n b a r r i e r t o t h e g r o w t h o f d i g i t a l

d o w n l o a d i n g w i l l s t i l l b e m u s i c p i r a c y , b u t t h e

s o l u t i o n t o t h i s m a y l i e i n f r e e , l e g a l m u s i c s t r e a m i n g

s i t es . W i t h t h e h u g e l y s u c c e s s f u l S p o t i f y j o i n i n g t h e

r a n k s o f l e g a l m u s i c s i t es , i l l e g a l d o w n l o a d i n g seems

set t o b e c o m e m u c h less p o p u l a r . S t r e a m i n g m u s i c

w h i l e o n t h e m o v e c o u l d s p e l l t h e e n d f o r i l l e g a l

d o w n l o a d i n g a n d c o u l d e v e n s e n d t h e C D t h e w a y o f

t h e m i n i - d i s c a n d casse t te t a p e .

Source : Kasriel, D (2010, January 25). The wor ld of d ig i ta l music and consumers. Euromonitor International, blog.euromonitor.com/2010/01/ the-world-of-digital-music-and-consumers-an-update.html

146 Business Update

2 Read t h e tex t a n d t i ck ( • ) t he cor rec t s t a temen ts . d Research shows that:

• a Onl ine music s tores:

1 encourage music p i racy

2 in t roduce peop le to new music

3 have s t opped music piracy

b Physically own ing music is:

1 no longer as ¡mpor tant to consumers

2 a th ing of the past

3 encou raged by record labels

c St reamed music :

1 is not a physical purchase

2 can be s tored on a compu te r

3 can be played on MP3 players

Vocabulary building

3 M a t c h t h e t e r m s ( a - j ) t o t h e w o r d s ( 1 - 1 0 ) t h a t have a s im i la r m e a n i n g .

illegal down loads are increasing

young peop le wan t to o w n music

music s t reaming is becoming more popular

Spot i fy :

1 matches songs to simi lar music 2 a l lows users to down load music

to MP3 players and mobi le phones

3 is a legal music site

•

a debate — — 1 t ry

b accessib le \ 2 permi t ted by law

c music piracy \ 3 t r y harder to prevent

d c rack d o w n on \ 4 prob lem

e st ream music \ 5 easily ob ta ined

f sample \ 6 way of solv ing a p rob lem

g legal \ 7 ¡Ilegal down load ing

h generat ion • 8 argument or d iscuss ion

i so lu t ion 9 peop le b o m at the same t ime

j barr ier 1 0 to l isten to music on the Internet w i t hou t down load ing it

Listening to a report

4 ® CD1 T R 8 3 L is ten t o t h e m o n o l o g u e a n d c o m p l e t e t h e passage .

• • • • •

Over of all sof tware is pirated,

according to the Business Sof tware All iance.

The group est imates that piracy cost so f tware

makers almost in 2 0 0 9 .

The g lobal piracy rate rose f r om

in , to in

, largely because of fast g r o w t h

in compu te r users in count r ies w i th h igh piracy

rates, such as China. Here, the pi racy rate is

nearly

The wo rs t f igure however is Georgia, Eastern

Europe, whe re piracy is At the

o ther end of the scale, t he USA, Japan and

New Zealand have quite low piracy rates - jus t

a l itt le more than

Writing

5 Wri te t o y o u r bank m a n a g e r ask ing h i m / h e r f o r a l oan f o r a sma l l bus iness t h a t y o u w o u l d l ike t o s ta r t . Th ink a b o u t t h e na tu re o f t h e bus iness , t h e c u s t o m e r s , t h e re ta i l i ng a n d d i s t r i b u t i o n , a n d t h e a m o u n t of m o n e y y o u w a n t t o b o r r o w . (Wr i te a b o u t 2 0 0 w o r d s . )

Transcripts

1 First contact

l .A Meeting people CD1 TR1 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on in ques t i ons Part A Listen t o t h e in tona t i on in the ques t ions . Put an up a r row or a down a r row af ter each ques t ion , depend ing on the in tona t i on .

a What's your ñame? b How do you do? c Where does she work? d How do you get to work? e Which department does she work ¡n? f What's her boss like?

g Where is your desk? h Which one is Jorge? i When do you start work?

CD1 TR2 Pronunc ia t i on -i n tona t i on in ques t i ons

Part A Now l isten aga in and repeat . Try t o copy the i n tona t i on pa t te rn . [Repeat of Track 1]

CD1 TR3 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on in ques t i ons

Part B In the fo l l ow ing types of speech t he re are typ ica l pa t te rns of i n tona t i on . L isten and wr i te in if t he in tona t ion goes up or down .

a What are you doing? b Do you want a drink? C My ñame is Simón.

l .B More about people CD1 TR4 Ac t i v i t y 2 - L is ten ing -l ikes and d is l ikes Listen t o the d ia logues. Which i tems in t h e d iscussion does each speaker l ike or d is l ike? Wri te l ikes or dis l ikes aga ins t t h e act iv i t ies below. If t he re is not enough in fo rmat ion , wr i te don ' t know. Speaker A: I don't like getting up early. In fact I hate it. I love staying ¡n bed at the weekend. I usually only get up at about 1 p.m. I hate public transport. That's why I cycle to work and to college - and for fun as well. I love all kinds of sport on TV, except basketball because that's really boring. I especially like football - I watch it all the time. I go to matches on Saturdays if I can. I hate classical music, and I don't like jazz. But hip hop is good. I like that a lot. I hate bars and cafes. But I love clubbing. We go every Saturday night. It's brilliant. Speaker B: I like getting up early, especially at the weekends. I go off and walk in the

country - I love that. I like reading, I read a lot on the train on my way to work. I quite like public transport, because I get more time to read. I hate all forms of sport, especially on TV and especially football. As for music, I listen to classical and world music quite a lot. I love that. But I hate pop and hip hop!

CD1 TR5 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w i t h do

Part A Listen t o the record ing and wr i te in l ink ing marks for words wh ich , when spoken , run toge ther . Then pract ise say ing the ques t ions .

a How do you do? b Do you like your job?

c Where does he live? d Where do they work? e What do you know about transport? f What does Bob think?

g Do they play football often? h Does the company sell bicycles? i What do you do at the weekend?

J Do we start at nlne?

CD1 TR6 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w i t h do

Part B Listen and pract ise saying the fo l l ow ing . a Do you ...? b Does he ...? c Do they ...? d Do we ...?

l .C A suitable job CD1 TR7 Ac t i v i t y 4 - L is ten ing fo r i n fo rma t i on Listen t o the mono logues and wr i te down the in fo rmat ion abou t each person . Cari : My name's Cari and I work in Customer Services. I really like working with people. When l'm not at work, I like going out with my friends, listening to music and reading science fiction. But I dislike sports, any kind of sport. I also hate shopping! Lei la: l'm Lella, and I work in IT, which stands for Information Technology. I love computers, I spend my whole life with them and even when l'm not at work l'm often in front of a computer screen! Of course, at home I play computer games. I play online and it's very interactive. Once I played a game online for 48 hours! I don't really like anything else, well, except going out for a meal with friends. I really love Chínese food. The one thing I dislike, though, is cooking. Nick: l'm Nick. I work in Accounts, but I don't like it very much. I want to change - I want to get a job in Sales. I think l'd like that. In my spare time, I play a lot of sport, mostly football ¡n the wlnter and tennis in the summer. There's

not much time after that - except of course I do enjoy going out for a drink with my mates after a match. That's cool. But I don't like to read much, and l'm not too keen on the cinema. Really, it's just sport and my mates that I like. Jenna: My name's Jenna. l'm a receptionist. I enjoy meeting people, so I love my job. And I love clothes; I spend all my money on clothes. Which means I also love shopping. I could spend my whole life shopping. I like travelling too. I haven't travelled that much, just a bit in Italy and France, but I hope to do more when I earn more money. I like going out with my friends, but I don't like sitting in pubs all evening, just chatting or going to restaurants. I prefer to go clubbing - that's great!

2 Starting work

2.A Contact by phone CD1 TR8 Pronunc ia t i on -t e l e p h o n e language Par t A Listen and under l ine the w o r d t ha t is s t ressed.

a How can I help you? b Sam Tobin speaking. c Is that Tom? d Who's calling, please? e Hold the Une, please. f l'm putting you through.

g l'm afraid Mr Smith isn't in his office at the moment.

h Is there anyone else you'd like to speak to?

i l'll cali back later.

j Try again some time this aftemoon.

CD1 TR9 Pronunc ia t i on -t e l e p h o n e language Part B Listen aga in and put an up ar row or a down a r row af ter each sentence in Act iv i ty A above, depend ing on the in tona t i on . Pract ise say ing each sentence w i t h the r igh t i n tona t i on . [Repeat of Track 8]

CD1 TR10 Act iv i t y 5 - Wr i t ing a message Listen t o the d ia logue. Write t o your boss abou t the a r rangements tha t you have jus t heard . Fernando: Helio. Can I speak to Mr Klein, please? PA: l'm afraid he's not in the office today. Can I take a message? Fernando: Yes, please. This ¡s Fernando Biosca. I have an appointment with him on Friday. PA: Yes, I have his diary here. At 10 a.m.

148 Business Update

Fernando: Yes, well I can't make it. Can you tell him? PA: Yes, of course. Fernando: And can you ask him if Monday the 7 t h at 11 a.m. is OK? PA: Yes certainly. Would you like him to cali you back? Fernando: Yes, please. Get him to cali back and confirm.

2.B The f i rst day CD1 TR11 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress Listen t o t h e record ing and under l ine the st ressed words . a 1 Can you come at five?

2 I can come at five. b 1 I must go now.

2 Must you go now? c 1 Will she come?

2 She'll come, d 1 We can meet on Tnursday.

2 We can meet on Thursday. e 1 He'll do it.

2 He will do it. f 1 I must cali Phil.

2 I must cali Phil. g 1 She may get the job.

2 She may get the job. h 1 Can I help you?

2 I can help you, I know l can.

2.C About the company CD1 TR12 Act iv i t y 4 - L i s ten ing -chang ing an a p p o i n t m e n t Listen t o the fo l l ow ing te lephone calis and wr i te down t h e changes to the appo in tmen ts .

Cali 1 Richard Shannan: Helio. Can I speak to Mr Smith, please? PA: l'm afraid he's not in the office today. Can I take a message? Richard Shannan: Yes, please. This is Richard Shannan. I have a breakfast appointment with him on Monday the 15*. PA: Yes, I have his diary here. At 7 a.m. in Brown's. Richard Shannan: Yes, well I can't make it. Can you tell him? PA: Yes, of course. Richard Shannan: And can you ask him if Monday the 22™, at 7 a.m., ¡n Brown's is OK? PA: Yes, certainly. Would you like him to cali you back? Richard Shannan: Yes, please. Get him to cali back and confirm.

Cali 2 Naomi Barr: Helio. Can I speak to Mr Smith, please? PA: l'm afraid he's not in the office today. Can I take a message? Naomi Barr: Yes, please. This is Naomi Barr. I have an appointment with him on Wednesday the 13 t h , in his office.

PA: Yes, that's right. I have his diary here. Wednesday the 13 t h , at 3:30 p.m. Naomi Barr: Yes, well, I can't make it at 3:30. Can you tell him l'll be a bit late? PA: Yes, of course. What time do you expect to get here?

Naomi Barr: Not before 5 p.m., OK? PA: Yes fine, l'll let Mr Smith know.

Cali 3 Helena Durkov ic : Helio. Can I speak to Mr Smith, please? PA: l'm afraid he's away from his desk at the moment. Can I take a message? Helena Durkov ic : Yes, please. This is Helena Durkovic. That is D-U-R-K-O-V-l-C. Helena Durkovic. I have an appointment with him on Tuesday the 1 s ' . PA: Yes, Ms Durkovic, I have his diary here. At 6 p.m. in the Conference Centre? Helena Durkov ic : Yes, well, I can't make it. Can you tell him?

PA: Yes, of course. Would you like to arrange another time? Helena Durkov ic : No, not now, thanks. l'm in a hurry. Anyway, It's not urgent. Can you get him to cali me back? We'll fix a time and a place then. PA: Yes, certainly. l'll make sure he calis you back. Helena Durkov ic : Many thanks.

3 Consumer power

3.A The right product CD1 TR13 Pronunc ia t i on -compara t i ve f o r m s

Part A Listen and check. Practise saying the wo rds .

a lighter d longer

b cheaper e heavier

c bigger

CD1 TR14 Pronunc ia t i on -compara t i ve f o r m s

Part B Listen and check. Practise saying the sentences. a This computer isn't as fast as that one. b This battery lasts longer than that

battery. c My mobile phone is more attractive than

yours. d My phone doesn't store as many phone

numbers as yours. e The price of phone calis Isn't as

expensive. f I live further from work than you. g The laptop is heavier than the netbook. h Your mobile isn't as useful as mine.

3.B Anyone for e-commerce? CD1 TR15 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress Part A Listen and check. Practise the d i f fe ren t sentence stress. a If you pay by credit card, l'll repay you

later. b If you pay by credit card, they add two

per cent to the bilí, c If you pay by credit card, they bilí you at

the end of the month.

CD1 TR16 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress

Par t B Listen t o the fo l l ow ing min i -d ia logues. In each case, t w o responses are g iven which have d i f fe ren t s t ress. Tick the response you hear. a Sue: When did you get here?

Bi l l : I arrived on Frlday. b Tina: Where did you get that CD?

Jane: I got ¡t from Amazon. c Susan: What languages can you speak?

Mat t : I can speak Spanish and Japanese.

d Helena: How do you get to work? Pol: I take a bus.

e Klara: Who did you give the file to? Yuri : I gave it to the boss.

3.C Testing issues CD1 TR17 Ac t i v i t y 1 - L is ten ing t o a r e p o r t Listen t o t h e shor t r epo r t on labour cond i t ions in San Salvador and answer the ques t ions below. Narrator: When you buy a Yale University T-shirt on campus, you pay $14.89. The young Salvadoran woman who made the shlrt got paid three cents. Their wages amount to just two-tenths of one per cent of the retail price of the shirt - yes, only two-tenths of one per cent! The total material cost of such a T-shirt amounts to approximately $1.44. Where is all the money going? If the Salvadoran women were paid a living wage, there would stlll be only eleven cents of labour in the Yale shirt, which means the labour cost would now amount to just seven-tenths of one per cent of the retail price. Is that too much to ask?

4 At work

4.A Getting to work CD1 TR18 Ac t i v i t y 5 - L is ten ing -d i rec t i ons Listen and wr i te down the d i rec t ions in note f o rm . Narra tor : OK, come out of the cafe and turn left onto the main street. Go down the main street. You will walk past a shopping centre on your right. Then you need to take the next turning on the left, and then the second turning on the right. You come to a car park. You walk through the car park, and you will come to a tall building. l'll meet you in the entrance there at 6 p.m.

Transcripts 4-7

CD1 TR19 Pronunc ia t i on -p repos i t i ons

Part A Listen and check. a across Paris b towards noon c along the road d in front of the desk e into London f onto budgets

CD1 TR20 Pronunc ia t i on -p repos i t i ons

Part B Listen and check. a It's on the table. No, I said on the table,

not under it. b Walk down the road. No, I said down the

road, not up the road. c Go up the escalator. No, I said up the

escalator, not down the escalator. d l'll meet you at the station. No, I said at

the station, not opposite the station. e See you in the coffee shop. No, I said in

the coffee shop, not outside it.

4.B Arriving at work CD1 TR21 Pronunc ia t i on - f o rma l o r i n fo rma l?

Par t A Listen and mark w i th an a r row if t he in tona t ion goes up or down in the express ions below.

a How do you do? b My name's Claire White. c Good morning. How can I help you? d l've come to see Madame Dupont. e Would you like to sign the visitors'

book? f Would you like to take a seat?

CD1 TR22 Pronunc ia t i on - f o rma l o r i n fo rma l?

Part A Listen again and repeat . [Repeat of Track 21 ]

CD1 TR23 Pronunc ia t i on - f o rma l o r i n fo rma l?

Part B Listen and say how the expressions be low are d i f ferent f rom those in Act iv i ty A. a Hi! b Great to see you again! C How are you doing? d Terrific! e Take care! f See you later! g Have fun! h Good luck! i Hope it goes well! j Bye!

CD1 TR24 Pronunc ia t i on - fo rma l or i n fo rma l?

Part B Listen again and repeat . [Repeat of Track 23]

4.C In the office CD1 TR25 Pronunc ia t i on - weak f o r m s and s i lent le t te rs

Part A Listen and check. a computer b paper C photocopier d scanner e printer f consumer g radiator h operator i colour

CD1 TR26 Pronunc ia t i on - weak f o r m s and s i lent le t te rs

Part B

Listen and check.

a cupboard d furniture

b bright e listen

C dark

5 Telephone talle

5.A How does it work? CD1 TR27 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on

Par t A Listen t o th is c o n v e r s a r o n , t hen pract ise read ing it w i th a par tner . Eric: What's this for? Malco lm: It's for diverting calis to another phone. Eric: What happens if I press this key? Malco lm: The display screen shows the number of the person calling. Eric: Is there a conference cali function? How does it work? Malco lm: You need to press this so you can talk to two people at the same time.

5.B The line's engaged CD1 TR28 Pronunc ia t i on - sounds of t h e le t te r u Now l isten and check.

bus use tu rn buy product volume spurn guy just music urgent lucky fume burn fun

hundreds function up

5.C You're in charge! CD1 TR29 Pronunc ia t i on -consonan ts Listen t o the record ing and check.

Ca tegory 1 China catch chip cheap

Category 2 message June edge general geography badge manage job genius college

5. D A mobile solution CD1 TR30 Act iv i t y 2 - L is ten ing -dea l i ng w i t h messages Listen t o the ins t ruc t ions and wr i te down the number t ha t you must press on the te lephone keypad t o actívate each func t i on . Press the phone select button to connect to your answer machine. Press 0 to return to the beginning of a message. Press 1 to listen to your message. Press 2 to pause during a message, press 2 again to resume the message. Press 3 to fast forward a few seconds. Press 3 then 3 again to skip to the end of the message. Press 4 to repeat the message. Press 7 to delete the message. Press 9 to save the message. Press the hash key to go back a step. Press the star button to put a cali on hold. Press the end key to end a cali.

6 Learning the job

6. A The feel-good factor CD1 TR31 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress in moda l ve rbs Listen and under l ine the st ressed w o r d in each pair of sentences. a 1 You should check your position.

2 You should check your position. b 1 I need a break every two hours.

2 I need a break every two hours. C 1 The office shouldn't be too warm.

2 The office shouldn't be too warm. d 1 You shouldn't work more than two

hours without a break. 2 You shouldn't work more than two

hours without a break.

150 Business Update

e 1 You should keep your feet on the floor. 2 You should keep your feet on the floor.

f 1 There shouldn't be too much noise. 2 There shouldn't be too much noise.

6.B Just checking! CD1 TR32 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on Listen t o the d ia logues. Mark which ques t ions have r is ing in tona t ion and which have fa l l ing i n tona t i on . Lisa: Have you checked the invoice? Grant: Yes I have. Lisa: When did you check it? Grant: This morning.

Vanessa: Did you send the catalogue? Malco lm: No, I didn't. Vanessa: Why not? Malco lm: I didn't have time.

Safran: Are you sure you can come? Jens: Yes, of course. Safran: Really? Jens: Yes, really.

Manf red : Is it urgent? Phi l l ipe: Yes, very urgent. Manf red : Will tomorrow be OK? Phi l l ipe: I suppose so.

Nata l ie : Are we up to date with our orders? Bernard : Not quite. Natal ie: How many more are there? Bernard : About ten.

Hugo: Have we dealt with all the enquiries? Tara: Yes, most of them. Hugo: How many are left? Tara: Three or four.

6.C All in a day's work CD1 TR33 Pronunc ia t ion - s t ress

Part A Listen and check.

a despatch b office c software d arrive e basic f helpful

9 design

h easy i problem

J address k apply

I process

6.D How are you getting on? CD1 TR34 Ac t i v i t y 5 - L is ten ing -wo rk i ng week Listen t o t h e in fo rmat ion and comp le te the char t below. Nar ra tor : The weekly hours worked by employees ¡n Europe varíes greatly. There is more than five hours, difference between

the country with the longest working hours, compared to countries with much shorter working hours. The Netherlands is the hardest working nation, working an average of 46 hours a week. The second longest working hours after that is in Austria, where employees work 44.1 hours. In the Czech Republic and Germany, 42.9 hours are worked, and employees in Belgium work for 42.7 hours. Next is Poland with 42.2, and not far behind that is the United Kingdom, where the hours worked are 42.1. Those working in France work an average of 41 hours a week. After that, employees in Italy and Spain work 40.8 hours. The average for the 27 European countries is 42.1 hours. The country with the highest máximum legal number of hours for the working week is Austria, with 50 hours, and the country with the lowest legal máximum is France, with 39.68, lower than the average number of hours worked in that country.

7 What's in a brand?

7.A A success story CD1 TR35 Pronunc ia t i on - past s imp le end ings

Par t A Listen t o the verbs and place t h e m in t h e cor rec t co lumn, A, B or C, accord ing t o the i r sound . a He started the company ten years ago. b We looked at the catalogue. C I showed them the new design. d They liked the BK model a lot. e They wanted a cheaper product. f We opened another store. g She asked a lot of questions. h They provided an excellent service. i The price ¡ncluded packaging and

transport. j We finished at 6 p.m. k They discussed a new idea. I We developed a new product.

7.B That's our product! CD1 TR36 Pronunc ia t i on - vowe l sounds

Par t A Listen and check.

1 here/clear 2 how/now 3 buy/eye 4 blue/do 5 hot/what 6 know/so

7.C Sales trends CD1 TR37 Ac t i v i t y 4 - L is ten ing -b rand power Read the tex t . Then l isten t o the record ing and comp le te t h e gaps.

Narra tor : In the past, the annual table of the top ten brands changed very little from year to year. Ñames such as Kellogg's, Kodak, Marlboro and Nescafé appeared again and again. Now none of these ñames are in the top ten. Kellogg's, second more than a decade ago, is now 34" in the latest league table by Interbrand, a brand consultancy. Of the 93 brands that appeared in the top 100 rankings this year and last year, 59 declined ¡n valué. The combined valué of these brands fell by almost ten per cent. Customers are less loyal to brands these days, particularly in light of the recent recession. According to Catalina Marketing Corp's Poirter Media Network, only four out of ten US brands managed to keep their hlghly loyal customers from 2007 to 2008 .

CD1 TR38 Pronunc ia t i on -n u m b e r s Listen t o the numbers . Circle the ones you hear.

a 13 g 3,821

b 60 h 8,483,597

c 90 i 8 - 2

d 46 j 15

e 7-9 k 121

f 97 I 4 0

7.D Branding matters CD1 TR39 Act iv i t y 4 - L is ten ing fo r facts Listen t o the repor t and answer the quest ions. Nar ra tor : Europe's teenagers are drinking more than they did before, according to the 2007 European School Survey Project. The project polled students that turned 16, during the calendar year of the data collection, in 18 European countries. About 4 0 % of the adolescents surveyed had drunk alcohol. In the Czech Republic, 4 8 % had been drunk in the past 12 months. About 3 6 % of teenagers in France report being drunk in the last year. Teenagers in Britain and Ireland have some of the highest statistics, with 5 7 % in the UK and 4 7 % in Ireland saying they had been drunk in the past year. The figures for Cyprus are the lowest, with only 18% who had been drunk in the past 12 months. Overall, the boys surveyed drink more alcohol than the girls.

CD1 TR40 Ac t i v i t y 5 - L is ten ing f o r facts Listen again and f i l l in the missing bars on the bar char t . [Repeat of Track 39]

Transcripts 8-12

8 Can I help you?

8.A Booking a hotel CD1 TR41 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w o r d s Part A Listen and check. a l'd like to book a room, please. b A single or a double? C What's the difference? d Do you have a suite available? e The dally rate is $ 6 0 a night.

CD1 TR42 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w o r d s Part B Listen t o the fo l lowing sentences and mark wi th a P where the natural pauses are. a A single, please. b I need one single, on June 11 t h . C The room has a jacuzzi, shower and

WC. d Is that a single, or a double? e Yes, we do have a suite available.

CD1 TR43 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w o r d s Part B Listen and check. [Repeat of Track 42]

CD1 TR44 Pronunc ia t i on - l i nk ing w o r d s Part C Pract ise say ing the fo l l ow ing pai rs as t w o words and then l isten t o see how the midd le consonants change. a twin beds b in price c superior suite d just for e what facilities

8.B Getting together CD1 TR45 Pronunc ia t i on -i n tona t i on pa t te rns

Part A Listen t o t h e phrases spoken tw ice . Tick the app rop r i a te box each t ime . a 1 Can I help you?

2 Can I help you? b 1 l'd like to know something about your

conference facilities. 2 l'd like to know something about your

conference facilities. C 1 How many people are you expectlng?

2 How many people are you expectlng? d 1 I see.

2 I see. e 1 Right.

2 Right. f 1 That should be fine.

2 That should be fine.

8.C A good idea CD1 TR46 Pronunc ia t i on - m u l t i -sy l lab le w o r d s

Part B Listen and check. luxury European typical company conventional important economic impolite porcelain remember Japanese biology photography technology

8. D Attract ing visitors CD1 TR47 Ac t i v i t y 5 - L i s ten ing -da tes and events Listen t o the answer ing service at t h e Zur ich Vis i tors Bureau and comp le te the calendar of events below. Our spring and summer highlights are as follows: The Zurich Swiss Art Antique Fair is being held from May the 16 l h to May the 2 1 s t . From May the 4 t h to June the 1 s l , the Kin Circus is performing in Zurich. In June and July, the Corso Theatre holds its Annual Summer Festival. From July the 14 , h to August the 13"1

watch the big screen at the open-air cinema at the lake. In August, Zurich holds the World Cycling Cup Championship. Switzerland's largest funfair will be open from September the 9 t n to September the 11*. In October, Zurich holds the Swisscom Challenge, with 28 of the world's best tennis players.

9 It's an order!

9. A On our records CD1 TR48 Pronunc ia t i on -consonan ts and consonan t c lus ters Listen and check. a We want to order a vat of valuable wine

for next Wednesday. b If you check your tongue and change

your manner, you can charm the customer, Charlie.

C A quick quotation would keep the customer quite quiet.

9.B Customer enquiries CD1 TR49 Pronunc ia t i on - w o r d end ings Par t A Listen and check. a useful b employer c flexible d hopeless e arrival f productive

9.C Orders and invoices CD1 TR50 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on in ques t i on tags

Part A Listen t o the in tona t ion in the ques t ions . Put an up a r row o r a down a r row af ter each ques t ion , depend ing on the i n tona t i on . a 1 You're a regular customer, aren't you?

2 You're a regular customer, aren't you? b 1 He has an account, doesn't he?

2 He has an account, doesn't he? c 1 She'll pay by debit card, won't she?

2 She'll pay by debit card, won't she?

CD1 TR51 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on in ques t i on tags

Par t B Now l isten again t o t h e ques t ions . Put a (Y) next t o t h e ques t ions where the speaker expects the answer yes and a ques t ion mark where t h e speaker is not sure. Pract ise saying the ques t ions bo th ways.

[Repeat of Track 50]

9. D Fair trade CD1 TR52 Act iv i t y 4 - L is ten ing t o a r e p o r t Listen t o deta i ls of t he f inancia l aid g iven by rich count r ies t o poor count r ies . Comple te t h e missing bars on the char t . Narrator: The US's aid programme to developlng countries is about 0.2% of its GNI. But how does the US compare to other countries? Well, ¡t is near the bottom of the league table. Canadá does not score much better, with about 0.3% of the GNI going to poor countries. Britain is conslderably better, with about 0.5% of GNI going to help the world's poor. The Netherlands and Denmark are more generous than Britain, with a figure above 0.8% of GNI. Luxembourg, Norway and Sweden are twice as generous as Britain, giving away 1.01%, 1.06% and 1.12% respectively. Below the United States are four countries: Greece. Japan, Italy and South Korea. The first three are not far below the United States, with figures of 0.19%, 0.18% and 0.16% GNI. South Korea is at the bottom, giving away only 0 . 1 % of ¡ts GNI.

10 Global reach

10. A International transport CD1 TR53 Pronunc ia t i on - d i f f icu l t w o r d s Listen and check. a clear, bread, fear, rear b type, tight, tint, tiny c check, said, spread, break d fair, fail, main, weigh e sure, tour, poor, loop

Business Update

10.B Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) CD1 TR54 Pronunc ia t i on -coun t r ies

Part A Listen and check. China, Egypt, Eire, Japan, Brazil, Ukraine, Kuwait, Canadá, México, Italy, Switzerland, India, Korea, Zimbabwe, Australia

10.C Another form to f i l l in! CD1 TR55 Pronunc ia t i on -abb rev ia t i ons and ac ronyms

Par t A Listen and check if you have the correct p ronunc ia t i on .

a EU h FBI

b US i LCD

c UN j UNESCO

d wc k JFK

e FAQs I MBA

f WHO m AGM

g NATO n HIV

10.D Customer relations CD1 TR56 Act iv i t y 4 - L is ten ing -t h e cost o f l i v ing Listen and number the ci t ies f r o m 1 t o 10, accord ing t o how expensive they are to l ive in (1 be ing the most expensive and 10 be ing t h e least expens ive) . Narra tor : The world's most expensive city is París, and that might be a surprise to many people. Tokyo is also expensive, and rates as number two. The next seven will probably not be a surprise: Oslo, Frankfurt, Milán, Sydney, London, Dublin and Chicago respectively. These are all European cities apart from Sydney and Chicago. Perhaps surprisingly, ¡t ¡s a Chínese city which comes tenth, Shanghai.

11 The big sell

11.A Let's promote it! CD1 TR57 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t o n a t i o n in ag ree ing and d i sag ree ing

Part A Listen t o the d ia logues and show wi th an a r row if t h e in tona t i on goes up or down in t h e responses. a I think we should push our women's

range. l'm not sure I agree.

b The moisturizing creams are doing very well at the moment. Yes, that's true.

c We aren't very well placed with men's products. Good point.

d We should promote the men's range. Hang on a minute ...

e Sun products would be a terrific campaign. OK. That's agreed.

f The advertising campaign ¡s going very well. That's wonderful.

CD1 TR58 Pronunc ia t i on -i n t ona t i on in ag ree ing and d i sag ree ing

Par t B Listen again t o the d ia logues. [Repeat of Track 57]

11.B What did they say? CD1 TR59 Pronunc ia t i on -r e s p o n d i n g t o i n fo rma t i on

Part A Listen t o the in tonat ion in the remarks. Put an up a r row or down ar row af ter each remark, depend ing on the in tonat ion .

a That's good news. b And then? c What happened next? d That doesn't make sense. e So? f That's true.

g That's not true. h Anything else?

11.C Packaging magic CD1 TR60 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress pa t t e rns in g i v ing i n f o rma t i on

Part A Listen and under l ine the w o r d t ha t gives t h e key i n fo rma t i on . a Capsules are easier to take. b Bottles with safety caps are better for

children. C They are difficult to open. d Bottles are cheaper to make. e Plástic is impossible to market in Africa.

CD1 TR61 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress pa t te rns in g i v ing i n f o rma t i on Listen again and pract ise saying the sentences. [Repeat of Track 60]

CD1 TR62 Pronunciat ion - stress pat terns in g iv ing in format ion

Part B Listen and under l ine the s t ressed w o r d s ¡n t h e ques t ions . a Would you like capsules or tablets? b Have you got bottles or cans? C Do you want the green file or the red

one? d Are you going out tonight or tomorrow

night? e Is it Wednesday or Thursday? f Do you prefer football or rugby? g Do you like soft ice cream or hard?

h Would you like still water or sparkllng?

12 It's in the making!

12.A About the company CD1 TR63 Pronunc ia t i on - vo iced and unvo iced consonan ts Now l isten and under l ine the words you hear.

a ban f Sue

b to g gln

c cot h leaf

d pig ¡ hat

e very j hard

12.B Just addthe fizz! CD1 TR64 Pronunc ia t i on - do and does

Part A Listen t o the fo l l ow ing sentences. 1 Why do they buy your products? 2 Do you know her? 3 Do all your staff have business diplomas? 4 We do any kind of software product. 5 I don't like the new model, but most of

the customers do. 6 Not many people buy the oíd model, but

some people do.

CD1 TR65 Pronunc ia t i on - do and does Now l isten t o the fo l l ow ing sentences. 7 When does the new trainee arrive? 8 Does he know about the appointment? 9 She does know how to use the new

computer. 10 I think he does.

CD1 TR66 Pronunc ia t i on - do and does

Part B Listen t o t h e sentences again and match the p ronunc ia t ion above t o the rules below. [Repeat of Tracks 64 and 65]

12.C Quality every time CD1 TR67 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress in noun g r o u p s Listen t o the noun g roups and under l i ne the w o r d w i t h the s t ronges t stress. a cardboard packaging b five-seater C coffee mug d Chanel perfume e two-step process f desk lamp g South West h noun groups i car ferry j metal can k fumlture business I Oxford Station

Transcripts 12-15

CD1 TR68 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress in noun g r o u p s Listen again and check. [Repeat of Track 67]

13 Bank it!

13.A What can we do for you? CD1 TR69 Pronunc ia t i on - d i f f i cu l t wo rds Listen and under l ine the word in each g r o u p tha t has the o d d vowel sound .

a tough enough through

b earn beard word c debt great said

d brother bother moth

e here beer there f four house loud

g loan home board h weak keep break

i bear fear wear

CD1 TR70 Pronunc ia t i on - d i f f i cu l t wo rds Listen again and check. [Repeat of Track 69]

13.B Where's my money? CD1 TR71 Ac t i v i t y 4 - L is ten ing -t e l e p h o n e numbers Listen t o the record ing and comple te the te lephone numbers below. a 0031 678 980 b 8791 33487 76901 C 0 0 718 0 0 6 916 d 6 5 0 4 8772 e 7638 2911 6935

CD1 TR72 Pronunc ia t i on - po l i t e i n tona t i on pa t t e rns

Part A Listen t o the record ing and t ick the remarks w i t h po l i te in tona t ion . a l'm terribly sorry, madam. b Hurry up! I haven't got all day. C Could I possibly have your client

identification number, please? d l'm awfully sorry. e Could I just ask you to walt while I check

the details on the computer? f So there's been a mistake? In a credit

on your savings account? g A mistake? You cali that a mistake? It's

a disaster! h Can I ask you when you made that

payment? i Don't you ever listen? j Could I just check how you made this

payment?

CD1 TR73 Pronunc ia t i on - po l i te i n t ona t i on pa t t e rns

Part B Now l isten again and pract ise say ing the remarks. [Repeat of Track 72]

13. C What's the interest? CD1 TR74 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress on key w o r d s Listen and under l ine the w o r d the speaker stresses the most . a You won't need to deal directly with our

customers. b You need to know something about the

kind of business we do. C Most of our customers have savings

accounts as well. d On your current account you don't

usually earn interest. e This ¡s for people who may need

immediate access to their money. f It's an account for customers who don't

need instant access to their money. g The account does earn more, h It depends on the bank rate. ¡ That's not a very big difference. j The amount you have in the account is

called the balance.

CD1 TR75 Pronunc ia t ion - stress on key words Listen again and check your answers. [Repeat of Track 74]

14 Food for thought

14. A Eating in style CD1 TR76 Pronunc ia t i on - used to and didn't use to Listen t o the pairs of sentences and under l ine the s t ressed words in each sentence. a 1 Things used to be very different!

2 Things used to be very different! b 1 Canteens didn't use to serve foreign

food. 2 Canteens didn't use to serve foreign

food. c 1 How long did the average lunch break

use to be? 2 How long did the average lunch break

use to be?

14.B It 's on the company! CD1 TR77 Pronunc ia t i on -i n tona t i on in pos i t i ve and nega t i ve responses Listen t o the record ing . Which responses sound pos i t ive and which sound negat ive? a It's wonderful! b That's terrible! C It sounds awful! d It's great!

e Oh dear! f That's terrific! g It's awful! h It's fantastic!

14.C What the customer wants CD1 TR78 Pronunc ia t i on - s t ress on new i n f o rma t i on Listen t o the record ing and check. Let's move on to other factors, like the restaurants themselves and the hours of opening. We find slightly different results; 20 per cent find the hours of opening very convenient, 23 per cent convenient, and that leaves us with 57 per cent who are not satisfied. The problem appears to be longer working hours. And the fact that people don't have regular meáis any more. They snack all day. If we had longer opening times, we would satisfy more customers. So we must open longer hours - maybe even 24 hours a day in some of our restaurants.

14. D Organic food CD1 TR79 Act iv i t y 4 - L i s ten ing -at t h e res tauran t Listen t o the d ia logue and t ick the f o o d tha t they order . Waitress: Are you ready to order, sir? Madam? Rod: Yes, well, I think so. Sarah? Sarah: Oh, l'd like the grilled salmón, please. Waitress: With vegetables, or with a salad? Sarah: What are the vegetables? Waitress: Bolled potatoes or green beans. Sarah: Oh, no, l'll have a salad, please. Waitress: And you, sir? Rod: l'll have the lamb chop, please. And the mixed vegetables. Wait ress: Lamb chop and mixed vegetables. Any starters for you? Sarah: Not for me, thanks. Rod: Yes, eh, l'll have the avocado, please. No, no I won't, l'll have the prawn cocktail. Wait ress: Anything else? Rod: No, that'll be all, thanks.

15 It's an e-world!

15. A Living in cyberspace CD1 TR80 Pronunc ia t i on -d i f fe rences be tween Br i t i sh and Amer ican accents Listen and pract ise the d i f fe rent p ronunc ia t ions . How do the words change? a Speaker one : tune

Speaker t w o : tune b Speaker one : vase

Speaker t w o : vase C Speaker one : clerk

Speaker t w o : clerk d Speaker o n e : n e w

Speaker t w o : new

e Speaker one: fast Speaker t w o : fast

f Speaker one: turn Speaker t w o : turn

g Speaker one: writer Speaker t w o : writer

h Speaker one : contract Speaker t w o : contract

l Speaker one: hostile Speaker t w o : hostile

j Speaker one : number Speaker t w o : number

15.B www.entertainment CD1 TR81 Pronunc ia t i on -con t rac t i on of will Listen t o the fo l l ow ing sentences which use the cont rac ted f o r m of will. a There'll be less competition! b l'll only need a small ¡nvestment. C l'll need to invest millions of dollars. d My Internet company'll make huge

savings. e That'll be difficult. f There'll be thousands of new jobs ¡n IT g You'll be sorry! h How'll your Internet company find its

customers?

15.C Getting started CD1 TR82 Pronunc ia t i on -express ing reserva t ions

Part A Listen t o the remarks and wr i te down if t hey express reserva t ion or a f f i rma t ion . a Uhhm. Certainly sounds interesting. b Are you sure that the idea is profitable? C Demand will grow. d Yes, that's quite convincing. e But will you reach these new users? f That's easy on the Internet. g l'll sell a lot. h OK, maybe. Go on. i All my cards are on the table.

15.D Mobile Communications CD1 TR83 Ac t i v i t y 4 - L is ten ing t o a r e p o r t Listen t o the mono logue and comp le te the passage. Narrator : Over 4 3 % of all software is plrated, according to the Business Software Alliance. The group estimates that piracy cost software makers almost $51.4 billlon in 2009. The global piracy rate rose from 37% in 2000 , to 4 3 % in 2009, largely because of fast growth in computer users in countries with hlgh piracy rates, such as China. Here, the piracy rate is nearly 8 0 % . The worst figure however ¡s Georgia, ¡n Eastern Europe, where piracy is 95%. At the other end of the scale, the USA, Japan and New Zealand have quite low piracy rates - just a little more than 20%.

Quiz answer key

Marking Scheme When mark ing, give yourse l f a full mark, or marks, only if your answers are comple te ly correct . If you make a mistake or mistakes, deduc t marks accord ingly .

1 First contact - Quiz Page 8

a A n s w e r s as f o l l o w s :

1 Hi o r He / /o

2 Helio o r He / /o Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss (ñame).

3 Pleased to meet you.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 3 points.

b A n s w e r s as f o l l o w s :

1 What's your ñame?

2 What's your address? o r Where do you Uve?

3 What's your telephone number?

4 What do you do? o r What's your job?

1 point fo r each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e t e n s e . Fo r e x a m p l e :

/ am reading my English book.

Máximum 2 points.

d You n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e p r e s e n t s i m p l e t e n s e . Fo r e x a m p l e :

/ love reading romance novéis in my spare time

and ...

Máximum 3 points.

2 Starting work - Quiz Page 16

a F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g , w h i c h a r e c o v e r e d in t h i s u n i t .

Good morning. Who's calling, please?

Hold the Une, please. l'll cali back later.

Can I speak to Mr/Mrs/Ms/M¡ss ( ñ a m e ) ?

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

b F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u r a n s w e r s h o u l d b e s i m i l a r t o t h e f o l l o w i n g e x a m p l e :

He/ /o , l'd like to m a k e / a r r a n g e an appointment

to see ( ñ a m e ) , o n ( d a t e ) at ( t i m e ) , please.

Máximum 4 points.

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e m o d a l v e r b can

t o e x p r e s s a b i l i t y . F o r e x a m p l e :

I c a n swim.

Máximum 2 points.

d W h e n a n s w e r i n g t h i s q u e s t i o n , y o u n e e d t o

u s e t h e m o d a l v e r b must. F o r e x a m p l e :

I m u s t do some food shopping on Thursday and 1 m u s t make sure I phone Ann on Wednesday.

Máximum 4 points.

3 Consumer power - Quiz Page 24

a F r e e a c t i v i t y . P o s s i b l e a n s w e r s :

Can you give me some information about your computers, please?

l'd like to ask you about the new ZT computer.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

b A f r e e c o m p a r i s o n a c t i v i t y u s i n g than a n d as.

F o r e x a m p l e :

Any car is faster t h a n Piet's. Any mobile phone isn't as attractive as my sister's.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

c F r e e w r i t i n g a c t i v i t y u s i n g a d j e c t i v e s . F o r e x a m p l e :

The diary that I bought was really cheap.

This diary is very useful.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

4 At work - Quiz Page 34

a A n s w e r s as f o l l o w s :

1 / 2 / 3 C a n y o u tell me how to get/give me some directions t o t h e local shop/railway station /cinema, please?

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 3 points.

b F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :

You go straight on/towards/across ... It's in front of behind/opposite ... Turn right/left a t t h e ...

/ work/live near. ... It's the house/office ...

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

156 Business Update

c You n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e t e n s e f o r f u t u r e p l ans . Fo r e x a m p l e :

l'm meeting with a new distributor tomorrow,

and on Thursday I am seeing Nina for lunch.

Máximum 4 points.

d F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g v e r b s o f l i ke a n d d i s l i k e . F o r e x a m p l e :

I l i k e / d i s l i k e / h a t e / c a n ' t s t a n d ...

I d o n ' t l i ke ... very much. It's too ...

Máximum 3 points.

5 Telephone talk - Quiz Page 44

a F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g t e l e p h o n e e x p r e s s i o n s :

1 Hold the Une. l'm putting you through. Yes, l'll just get him for you. l'm afraid he isn't in the office today. No, can I take a message?

2 That's no problem. OK! You're welcome.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

b F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g o b j e c t s f o u n d o n y o u r d e s k . F o r e x a m p l e :

A stapler is for keeping my documents together. My diary is for keeping all my appointments in.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

c F r e e a c t i v i t y e x p r e s s i n g l i ke . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g , o r y o u r o w n c h o i c e :

I l i ke playing football. I l i ke chocolate.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

d Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g o n e o f t h e g i v e n s t r u c t u r e s l'd rather, I prefer o r l'd prefer a n d y o u r t w o í t e m s f r o m c. F o r e x a m p l e :

1 p r e f e r ... because I don't like ... l 'd r a t h e r go ... than ...

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

6 Learning the job - Quiz Page 54

a Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r in t h e p a s t s i m p l e . F o r e x a m p l e :

1 / opened our new branch yesterday.

2 / visited our head office last week.

3 / walked on the beach at the weekend.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 6 points.

b You n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g should, shouldn't o r need to.

F o r e x a m p l e : Y o u s h o u l d ask if you don't understand. Y o u n e e d t o take regular breaks.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

c F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s t r u c t u r e s :

My office is ... and ... It has ...

I think that we should put some ...

My computery'desk/chair/lights/is/are ...

The ... in my office is ...

/ would like ...

We should have ... I need ...

Máximum 4 points.

7 What's in a brand? - Quiz Page 64

a Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e m o d a l v e r b s must a n d have to. F o r e x a m p l e :

1 I m u s t finish the marketing plan.

2 I h a v e t o ring the accountant this week.

3 I m u s t n ' t waste time e-mailing this week.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 6 points.

b F i g u r e s r e a d a l o u d :

1 Fifty-one.

2 Nine hundred and thirty-six.

3 One hundred and twenty-three thousand, nine hundred and eighty-four.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 3 points.

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e ~ing f o r m .

/ eny'oy skiing /swimming / reading.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 3 points.

8 Can I help you? - Quiz Page 74

a A n s w e r s as f o l l o w s :

1 What/How much is y o u r d a i l y r a t e , p l e a s e ?

2 Can you tell me what en suite facilities there are/are available/you have?

3 D o e s the room have a view?

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 3 points.

b F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u c o u l d m e n t i o n t h e f o l l o w i n g t h i n g s : c a t e r i n g f a c i l i t i e s , I n t e r n e t f a c i l i t i e s , ba r , r e s t a u r a n t , c o n f e r e n c e r o o m s , s e m i n a r r o o m s , s e a t i n g c a p a c i t y . F o r e x a m p l e :

Well, we have ... which can seatand we

Quiz answer key 8-15

have ... which ... We also have a ... and ...

Máximum 5 points.

c F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g : F o r e x a m p l e : b

/ would suggest...

... are a lis a g o o d i d e a . . . is a/are a s a f e b e t .

Máximum 2 points.

d F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g t h e m o d a l a u x i l i a r y would. F o r e x a m p l e :

I w o u l d l i ke t o travel/improve in my job.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

u n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s . F o r e x a m p l e : health/ advice

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r w i t h a n y f o u r p h r a s a l v e r b s . Fo r e x a m p l e :

depend on, rely on, look for, look up, go out, carry out.

1 point for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

You n e e d t o m a k e s u r e t h a t y o u u s e a/an/ the/one/my, e t c . , b e f o r e a s i n g u l a r c o u n t a b l e n o u n . F o r e x a m p l e :

Can you pass me t h e file? Peter is a sales agent.

U n c o u n t a b l e n o u n s r e f e r t o t h i n g s y o u c a n n o t c o u n t , s o t h e y d o n o t h a v e a p l u r a l f o r m a n d y o u c a n n o t u s e a/an. F o r e x a m p l e :

/ am in good health. I would like some advice.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

9 It's an order! - Quiz Page 84

a S u g g e s t e d a n s w e r s :

1 An invoice tells the customer the amount they must pay. It's also a document which gives details of the transaction, how many items have been ordered and so on.

2 A quotation tells the customer exactly how much they will pay for their order and what their order consists of.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

b Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e v e r b be o r get a n d t h e p a s t p a r t i c i p l e o f t h e m a i n v e r b t o f o r m t h e p a s s i v e . F o r e x a m p l e :

It w a s s e n t out yesterday.

The delivery w a s d a m a g e d after it left the warehouse.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 4 points.

c F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y use a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :

Can you tell me if they are available, please?

Are they available now? What is the best way

to pay? How can I pay?

Máximum 2 points.

d Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e i m p e r a t i v e let.

F o r e x a m p l e :

L e t me help you with those boxes.

L e t ' s get a coffee.

2 points for each correct answer. Máximum 2 points.

10 Global reach - Quiz Page 94

a 1 Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r w i t h a n y t w o c o u n t a b l e n o u n s . F o r e x a m p l e : file/agent

2 Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r w i t h a n y t w o

11 The big sell - Quiz Page 104

a Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g r e p o r t e d s p e e c h . F o r e x a m p l e :

He said that the ...

She decided that... They a g r e e d that...

Máximum 2 points.

b F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :

Yes, I agree. I think that is a good idea. I

agree. What a good idea!

Máximum 3 points.

c F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :

l'm not sure I agree. I disagree. I don't think

that is a good ¡dea. No, I disagree.

Máximum 3 points.

d Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e a d j e c t i v e + i n f i n i t i v e p a t t e r n . F o r e x a m p l e :

It's important to meet this target.

l'm happy to work late occasionally.

Máximum 4 points.

12 It's in the making! - Quiz Page 114

a F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a make p h r a s a l v e r b . Y o u c o u l d use a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g p h r a s a l v e r b s in a s e n t e n c e : Make way / off/out/up F o r e x a m p l e :

158 Business Update

/ m a d e o u t the cheque yesterday.

I was late for the meeting, so I m a d e u p that there had been problems in the office.

I m a d e u p for my bad behaviour by sending Julie some flowers. 1 m a d e w a y for the new computer by clearing my desk. 2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

b Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r w i t h a n o u n g r o u p . F o r e x a m p l e :

the chairman's report, production Une, sales staff, desktop computer, the manager's office, work rules. 1 p o i n t f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r w i t h to + i n f i n i t i v e t o e x p r e s s p u r p o s e . F o r e x a m p l e :

/ went shopping t o b u y a new computer.

We advertised t o r a i se the company profile.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

13 Bank it! - Quiz Page 124

a F r e e a c t i v i t y . Y o u m a y u s e t h e f o l l o w i n g :

I c a n withdraw money from my account with a debit card or pay for things in shops.

I t ' s a n a c c o u n t w h e r e y o u h a v e a cheque book a n d a debit card.

You use it to buy things now but pay for them later. M á x i m u m 2 p o i n t s .

b F r e e a c t i v i t y u s i n g a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g :

Sorry about that. l'm so sorry. l'm terribly sorry. l'm awfully sorry. I do apologize.

M á x i m u m 2 p o i n t s .

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g need to a n d don't need to. F o r e x a m p l e :

I n e e d t o go home earlier on Thursday.

1 d o n ' t n e e d t o have those figures until next week.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

d Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e ~/7?c/ f o r m . F o r e x a m p l e :

/ love swimming, I go five times a week.

1 enjoy reading horror stories.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

14 Food for thought - Quiz Page 134

a Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e used to s t r u c t u r e . F o r e x a m p l e :

I u s e d t o work in a bank.

1 u s e d t o c y c / e t o work every day.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

b Y o u n e e d t o h a v e a n s w e r e d u s i n g t h e going to s t r u c t u r e . F o r e x a m p l e :

l'm g o i n g t o work harder next week.

M á x i m u m 2 p o i n t s .

c F r e e a c t i v i t y , s e e m o d e l a n s w e r :

The best meal I had last month w a s a tuna steak dish. It tasted excellenti'good/fantastic.

The best meal I had last month was an Italian meal. The restaurant offered good service, good food and an attractive environment.

M á x i m u m 2 p o i n t s .

d Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g s e c o n d c o n d i t i o n a l s e n t e n c e s . F o r e x a m p l e :

If I h a d m o r e t i m e , I w o u l d learn another foreign language.

If I h a d m o r e t i m e , I c o u l d read more.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

15 It's an e-world! - Quiz Page 144

a F r e e a c t i v i t y e x p r e s s i n g d o u b t o r r e s e r v a t i o n . Y o u m a y u s e a n y o f t h e f o l l o w i n g . F o r e x a m p l e :

Ah yes. But... l'm still not convinced. You think you can do that? Maybe you're right. That will be difficult, won't it? Umm. It certainly sounds ... But l'm not sure ... Are you sure ... .

1 p o i n t f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

b Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g will f o r p r e d i c t i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e :

The Internet w i l l grow and grow.

The Internet w i l l o n e day be the best way to communicate.

2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

c Y o u n e e d t o a n s w e r u s i n g t h e p r e s e n t p r o g r e s s i v e . F o r e x a m p l e :

M o r e people are eating organic food. Internet businesses are struggling to survive. 2 p o i n t s f o r e a c h c o r r e c t a n s w e r . M á x i m u m 4 p o i n t s .

159

Correspondence _

OPENING S A L U T A T I O N

f o r m a l (+), i n f o r m a l (-) o r n e u t r a l ( 0 ) , d e p e n d i n g o n t h e c o n t e n t o f t h e e - m a i l a n d r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h t h e r e c i p i e n t

D e a r M r / M s / M r s / M i s s ( s ú m a m e ) , ( 0 )

D e a r S i r o r M a d a m , (+)

D e a r ( f i r s t ñame) , (-)

BAD NEWS/APOLOGY/COMPLAINT

l ' m a f r a i d . . .

I a m s o r r y f o r a n y i n c o n v e n i e n c e .

R E Q U E S T S

Please. . .

C o u l d y ou . . . ?

CLOSING R E M A R K S

I f y o u h a v e a n y que r i e s r e g a r d i n g t h e n p lease do n o t h e s i t a t e t o c o n t a c t . . .

I f y o u h a v e a n y f u r t h e r ques t i ons , t h e n p lease l e t m e k n o w .

T h a n k y o u f o r y o u r he lp .

I l o o k f o r w a r d t o s e e i n g / h e a r i n g f r o m y o u .

CLOSING S A L U T A T I O N

f o r m a l (+), i n f o r m a l (-) o r n e u t r a l ( 0 ) , d e p e n d i n g o n r e l a t i o n s h i p w i t h t h e r e c i p i e n t a n d o p e n i n g s a l u t a t i o n

Y o u r s s ince re l y , /S ince re l y y o u r s , ( 0 )

Y o u r s f a i t h f u l l y / t r u l y , (+)

Bes t wishes,/Regards,/See y o u soon, (-)

Business Update

F O R M A L L E T T E R L A Y O U T

R e W r i t e I n c . 10 D e n m a r k H i l l

L o n d o n SE 5 6NS

Te l : 0 2 0 7 4 6 5 4 9 8 2 F a x : 0 2 0 7 4 6 5 4 9 8 3

E - m a i l : e n q u i r i e s @ r e w r i t e . c o . u k

M s H a n e l o r e S t aub F C S c h r i e b e r &? Co. V i k t o r i a - L u i s e - P l a t z 6 D-10686 B e r l i n G e r m a n y

O u r r e f : G A T 6 5 9 7

Y o u r re f : K L M P 1 2 3

D e a r M r s S taub ,

Re: N e w c a t a l o g u e

6 t h J u n e 2 0 1 2

M a r k u s W i t t i g h a s a s k e d m e t o sei ca ta l ogue .

R e W r i t e I n c . i s t h e l e a d i n g p r o d u c e r o f h i g h - q u a l i t y o f f ice supp l i e s . We spec i a l i z e i n o f f ice s t a t i o n e r y a n d e q u i p m e n t t o c o v e r a l l o f f ice r e q u i r e m e n t s . I f y o u w i s h t o o p e n a n a c c o u n t , I h a v e enc losed a n a c c o u n t o p e n i n g f o r m .

I f y o u h a v e a n y que r i e s r e g a r d i n g o u r p r o d u c t s o r w o u l d l i k e t o o p e n a n a c c o u n t w i t h u s , t h e n p lease do n o t h e s i t a t e t o c o n t a c t e i t h e r M a r k u s W i t t i g o r m e d i r e c t l y .

M a n y t h a n k s f o r y o u r e n q u i r y .

Y o u r s s ince re l y , i

S u s a n M e e

Sales A d m i n i s t r a t o r

Ene . •

Sender 's company : ñ a m e / a d d r e s s / p h o n e number / e-mai l address in the t op r ight -hand c o m e r

Name /add ress of the person that you are wr i t ing to

F i l i ng /co r respondence reference numbers

Date

Open ing salutat ion

To in t roduce the sub jec t that the letter ¡s abou t

The reason for wr i t i ng

Closing remark

Closing salutat ion J Signature

Printed ñame and posi t ion J Enclosures

Correspondence

E X A M P L E S OF E-MAIL C O R R E S P O N D E N C E

EXTERNAL E-MAILS:

From: kelly.watts@hotelparc.fr

To: guy.kito@hotmail.com

Subject: Reservation, May 14-16

Thank you for your enquiry regarding a room reservation. l'm afraid that we do not have any rooms available on the nights of May 14 to May 16. I am sorry for any inconvenience. Please contact us again if we can be of assistance on another occasion. Yours sincerely,

Kelly Watts Hotel Manager Hotel Pare www.hotelparc.com

From: kim.long@orientspeed.com

To: tina.cheng@gmail.com

Subject: Sales conditions

Dear Ms Cheng, Further to our telephone conversaron this morning, I am attaching full details of our sales conditions as you requested. Please complete the credit account form and when we get it back we will be very happy to open a credit account for you. We would ask that you wait five days before placing your first order, so that your account can be processed.

If you have any further questions, then please let me know.

Yours sincerely, Kim Long Export Sales Assistant Orient Speed Inc. 168 Ti-ding Boulevard 200087 Shanghai P.R.China

INTERNAL E-MAIL:

From: June Kramer

To: Robert Flowers

Subject: Marketing meeting

Tim Bowen called to say he couldn't make the marketing meeting you arranged for this afternoon. He wants you to cali him back to make another arrangement for the meeting as he will be out of the office for the rest of today. Tomorrow morning is fine to cali him back. JK

PERSONAL E-MAIL:

From: vparr@onetel.fr

To: clardi@hotmail.co.uk

Subject: last weekend

Dear Claudia,

Thank you very much for showing me the sights last weekend. It made my trip to London so much more enjoyable. l'm glad that you are settling in and I really liked your fíat.

The photographs from the London Eye have come out really well, and I hope you like the one of us together. The trip back wasn't too bad and everyone here says 'helio'. I am going out tonight to meet Ana and Lucie, so I will tell them how you are getting on. See you soon. Best wishes, Vanessa

162 Business Update

Word list

Legend ' p r i m a r y s t ress , s e c o n d a r y s t ress abbrev abb rev ia t i on adj ad jec t i ve adv a d v e r b n n o u n npl p lura l n o u n phr p h r a s e phr v phrasa l v e r b prep p repos i t i on v v e r b

(coll) co l l oqu ia l

1 First contact ( to) access /'aekses/ v (here) to get into, to use 1.C 10 ac ross : f r o m ac ross E u r o p e / f r sm s.kros ' josrsp/ phr f rom all over Europe 1.C 10 a d d i t i o n a l / s 'd i j gn l / adj extra 1.Q 9 b a d c o n n e c t i o n /,bted ks 'nek jn / n if a connect ion is bad, you can't hear properly 1 .Q8 b e s t su i t /,best 'su:t/ n your smartest jacket and trousers, or jacket and skirt 1.C 10 b r i l l i an t / 'bn l tant / adj fantastic, really great 1.B 6 ca ree r f a i r /ka'r ia ,fes(r)/ n an event at which people look for jobs, and employers look for new employees 1.C 10 c h e a p e r /'tji:ps(r)/ adj not as expensive, which doesn't cost as much 1.C 10 cho i r / 'kwai3 (r)/ n a group of people who sing together 1.Q 9 c i t y / ' s i t i / n a large town 1 .A 4 classical mus ic / 'klaesikl ,m ju : z i k / n music before the 20 th century; not tradit ional, folk or pop music 1.B 6 c l ub / k U b / n a group of people who have similar interests 1.B 7 c l u b b i n g /'klAbirj/ n going to night clubs 1.B 6 co l lege /'kDlid3/ n a place where you can go to study after you have left school 1 .A 4 ( to ) cyc le /'saikl/ v to use a bicycle 1.B 6 d e d i c a t e d t o / 'ded ike i t id tu:/ adj which concerns 1.C 10 d e l i g h t e d / d i ' l a i t i d / adj very pleased 1.C 10 desk /desk/ n the table where you work 1.A 4 d r e a m s : t h e j o b o f t h e i r d r e a m s /Ó3 ,d3ob av ,5ea 'dri:mz/ n the j ob they would like best 1.C 10 d r i ve r / 'draiv9 ( r ) / n a person who drives a vehlcle, for example a lorry 1.A 5

e m p l o y e r / im 'pb i9 ( r ) / n a person or company who pays people to work for them 1.C 10 e v e n t / i 'vent / n (here) something that happens which is planned and organized 1.C 10 f a c e - t o - f a c e /,feis ta ' feis/ adj in person, not by telephone or e-mail 1.C 10 f a i r / fes(r ) / n (here) a gathering of professional people 1.C 10 f i n e : l 'm f i n e / ,a im ' fa in / phr l'm well 1.A 4 f l o o r / f b : ( r ) / n a level in a building 1.C 10 f r e e : f o r f r e e / fa " f r i : / ac/v wi thout paying any money 1 .C ÍO

f r i e n d l y / ' f rend l i / ac/y where people are pleasant and talk to each other 1.Q 8 f u t u r e e m p l o y e e / . f ju i t jsr i m ' p b i i : / n a person who wil l work for a company some t ime in the future 1.C 10 ( to) g r e e t /gr i : t / v to say helio to 1.Q 8 h ip h o p / 'h ip ,hDp/ n a type of popular music 1.B 6

i m p r e s s i o n / im 'p re jn / n an idea, a picture 1.C ÍO i n c o r r e c t / inkg ' rekt / ac/j wrong 1.B 6

in c y b e r s p a c e /,in 'saibsspeis/ n (here) on the Internet 1.C 10 i n f o r m a t i o n t e c h n o l o g y / i n f s .me i fn tek 'nDbd3i / n comput ing and telecommunicat ions 1.C 10 i n t o n a t i o n / i n ts 'ne i fn / n the way your voice rises and falls when you speak 1.A 5 ( to ) i nv i te / in 'va i t / v (here) to ask 1.C 10 IT sys tems s u p p o r t /,ai ,t i : 'sistamz s3,po:t/ n help with computer problems 1.A 4 j a z z t r i o /'d3aez . t r ksu / n a group of three musicians who play jazz music together 1.Q 9

j o b t i t l e /'d3üb , ta i t l / n the ñame of a job 1.A 5 ( to ) keep f i t / ,k i :p ' f i t / vto stay healthy by taking exercise 1.B 6 las t n i g h t /,la:st 'na i t / n last night is the night of yesterday 1.A 4 l e i su re ac t i v i t i es /'le33r aek.tivstiz/ npl things that you do in your spare t ime 1.B 7 l i f es ty le / ' l a i f s ta i l / n a way of living 1.B 7 l o cked / iDkt / adj closed with a key 1.A 4 l o g g e d on /,k>gd 'Dn/ ac/y on the Internet, after using your password 1.C 10 miss ing / 'misir j / adj which isn't there 1 .Q 8 ( to ) n e t w o r k /'netw3 :k/ v to meet people who might be useful to you in your j ob 1.C 10 news : t h e b a d news is t h a t ... / 5s 'bíed ,nju:z ,iz oat / phr (coll) the bad thing is that... 1.Q 8

o r g a n i z e r / 'o igsnaizs í r ) / n a person or organization which plans and makes the arrangements for something 1.C 10 p a r d o n / 'pa :dn/ phr you say this when you want someone to repeat something 1.Q 8 pays l i p / 'pe ishp/ n a document with details of how much you have earned and how much tax you have paid in the last week or month 1.A 4 p e n pa l /'penpeel/ n a person you write to and receive letters from although you may never have met 1.B 7 pe rsona l ass is tan t /,p3:s3nl s'sistsnt/ n a person who does office and administrative work for someone such as a manager 1 .A 4 Personne l /p3:s3'nel/ n the part of a company which manages its employees and helps them with any problems 1.Q 9 pub l i c t r a n s p o r t /.pAblik ' t r anspon / n shared t ransport that you pay for, such as buses and trains 1.B 6 q u a l i f i c a t i o n /kwo l i f i ' k e i j n / n a qualif ication is an examination that you have passed 1 .C 10 q u i z / k w i z / n a kind of competi t ion in which you have to answer questions 1.Q 8 r e c e n t l y / ' r i isnt l i / adv not long ago, in the near past 1 .C 10

( to ) r e c o r d / n ' k o i d / v (here) to make a copy on a CD so that you can listen to it again 1.Q 8 ( to ) r e g i s t e r /'red3ist3(r)/ v to put your ñame on an official list in order to be able to do something 1.C 10 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e / repn 'zents t iv / n (here) a person whose job it is to tell others about the company they work for 1.C 10 r un /rAn/ n a route to ski down 1 .Q 8 Sales M a n a g e r / 'seilz ,maenid33(r)/ n a person responsible for selling a company's goods 1.A 4

sc ience f i c t i o n /saians ' f i k f n / n stories that take place in the future or in other parts of the universe 1.C 11 Secre ta ry / 'sekrstr i / n a person who works in an office doing such things as typing letters, filing, or answering the phone 1.A 4 s e c t o r / 'sekta(r)/ n an área 1.C 10

Secu r i t y G u a r d /s i 'k juars t i ,ga:d/ n a person who protects a building 1.A 4 s t a t e m e n t / 's tei tm9nt/ n (here) an expression which isn't a question 1.A 5 ( to ) t a k e t i m e o f f / , teik , ta im 'üf/ v to arrange t ime with your employer when you don' t work 1.C 10 t r a d e s fa i r / ' t reidz ,fea(r)/ n an exhlbit ion at which companies show their products to other professionals and try to get business 1.C 10

use fu l / ' ju :s f l / adj practical 1.C 10 u s e r n a m e / ' ju iza.neim/ n a personal ñame which allows you to use a particular service or web site, for example 1.C 10 v i r t u a l / 'v3:t |u9l/ adj which takes place on the Internet and not in a real place 1.C 10 ( to) was te t i m e /.weist ' ta im/ v to lose time doing things which are not important 1.C 10 w o r k s e c t o r /'W3:k ,sekt3(r)/ n a general área of work (for example, f inance or information technology) 1.C 10 w o r l d music /'W3:ld ,mju:z ik/ n popular music influenced by, or f rom outside, the western wor ld 1.B 6

2 Starting work a b i l i t y / s 'b i l s t i / n if you have the ability to do something, you can do it 2.B 14 abuse /s'bju:s/ n doing something that you should not do 2.C 18 a b u s i v e /s 'bjuisiv/ adj offensive, very rude 2.C 19 a d d r e s s labe l /s'dres . le ib l / n a small piece of paper with an address on it, to stick on an envelope 2,B 15 a r r a n g e m e n t s /s ' re indsmsnts/ npl detailed plans 2.A 13 bus iness i n t e r e s t s / 'biznas .intrssts/ npl advantages or benefits for a company 2.C 18 ( to) cali up /,ko:l Ap/ phr vto phone 2.A 12 ( to ) cause h a r m /,ko:z 'ha :m/ v to damage 2.C 18 c o m m o n / ' komsn / adj f requent 2.C 18 ( to ) cove r /'kAV3(r)/ v to include 2.Q 16 d a n g e r /'deind33(r)/ n (here) something that may cause a problem 2.C 18 d e p e n d : it d e p e n d s ... /,11 di 'pendz/ phr used to say you cannot give a definite answer because a situation could change 2.Q 17

Excel /ek'sel/ n a computer spreadsheet program 2.B 14 ( to ) e x p e c t / ik 'spekt / v to be sure of something 2.B 15 fax m a c h i n e / ' f ieks m s j k n / n piece of electronic equipment that sends faxes and e-mails f rom one computer to another 2.B 14 f i g u r e s / ' f igsz / npl statistics, mathematical information 2.A 12 f i n e / f a i n / n an amount of money that you have to pay because of something wrong you have done 2.C 18 f u t u r e p r e d i c t i o n /,f ju:tfd p r i ' d i k j n / n saying what you think wil l happen 2.B 14 house /naos/ n (here) a company 2.C 18 h u m a n r i g h t s /.hjuimsn 'raits/ npl basic rights such as f reedom and just ice 2.C 18 ( to ) ¡mpose / im 'psuz / v if you impose a fine, you make people pay it 2.C 18 i nsu l t / 'msAl t / n a rude remark 2.C 18 j a i l / d 3 e i l / n prison 2.C 18 l og i ca l l y / ' l od3 i k l i / adv using the same argument 2.C 18

Mac package /'mask ,p£ekid3/ n a program for Macintosh computers 2.B 14 m i n d : w o u l d y o u m i n d ...? /,wud j u 'mamá/ phr wou ld it annoy you . . .? 2.C 18 ( to) m o n i t o r / 'niDnita(r)/ v to check 2.C 18 m y t h / m i 0 / n a story, something which isn't true 2.C 18

necess i t y /ns'sesati/ n obl igation, having to do something 2.B 14 o f f w o r k : you have t h e a f t e r n o o n o f f w o r k / j u : .hzev 5 i a:ft3,nu:n ,of 'W3:k/ adv you are not working in the afternoon 2.B 14 o f fens i ve /s ' fensiv/ adj very rude 2.C 78 p o l i t e r e q u e s t /ps. la i t r i ' kwest / n asking for something politely 2.B 14 p o s s i b i l i t y /püss 'b i ls t i / n if you have the possibil i ty of doing something, you might do it 2.B 14 p r i s o n s e n t e n c e / ' pnzn ,sent9ns/ n t ime spent in prison as a punishment 2.C 19 pr i vacy / ' pnvss i / n if you have privacy, you can act wi thout other people being able to see or hear you, or know what you are doing 2.C 18 p r í va te / 'p ra ivs t / adj personal, which nobody else can see or read 2.C 18 p r o t e c t i o n /p rs ' tek jn / n (here) laws to protect people's f reedom 2.C 18 ( to ) p r o v i d e /p rs 'va id / v given, made available 2.C 18 p u n i s h m e n t / 'pAni fmant / n what you have to suffer, for example pay a fine, if you have done something wrong 2.C 19 rac ia l h a r a s s m e n t / r e í J l hzerssmsnt/ n being rude to or offending somebody because of their race 2.C 18 r e a s o n a b l e / ' r kznsb l / adj (here) fair, sensible 2.C 18 r i g h t s / ra i ts / n something you are morally or legally entit led to 2.C 18 r u l i n g / ' ru i l i r j / n a decisión made in a law court 2.C 18 sexua l h a r a s s m e n t / sek jua l hasrssmant/ n of fending somebody with sexual comments, gestures or looks 2.C 18 ( to ) t a k e s o m e o n e t o c o u r t / , teik 'SAmwAn ta 'ko:t / v to take legal action against somebody, for example to accuse them of doing something wrong 2.C 18 ( t o be ) up t o d a t e /,Ap ta de i t / v if you are up to date with a job, you have done everything that you can do at the moment 2. B 15 vo i ce m e s s a g e / vo is ,mesid3/ n a message left on a telephone answering service 2.C 18 ( to ) w i n a case / ,win s 'keis/ v if you win a case, a judge makes a legal decisión in your favour 2.C 18

3 Consumer power as : i t 's as s i m p l e as t h a t /, its az ,simpl sz 'Sset/ phr that's all; it's not compl icated 3. Q 25 ( t o go ) b a n k r u p t / 'bíerjkrApt/ v if a company goes bankrupt, it does not have

enough money to pay what it owes 3.Q 25 b a t h r o o m / ' ba :0 ru :m/ n (US) the toilet 3.C 26 b l o o d / b U d / n the red llquld that is inside your body, in your veins and arteries 3.C 26 b o n u s / 'bsonss/ n extra money 3.C 26 c a m p u s / 'kaempss/ n a site occupied by a university or col lege 3.C 26 cause /ko:z/ n (here) an aim or principie which someone is f ighting for 3.C 27 c h e a p / t f i : p / adj not expensive 3.A 20 ( to ) c o m e r o u n d /,kAm ' raond/ phr v to come and see someone 3.Q 25 c o n s u m e r p o w e r /ksn'sjuims ,paua(r)/ n the ability of consumers to affect how or which goods are produced 3.A 20

d e c e n t / 'dksnt/ adj fairly good 3.C 2 7 ( to ) d e d u c t / d i ' d A k t / v to take away, to subtract 3.C 26 d i s a p p o i n t e d /d isa 'po in t id / adj sad because something has not happened that you wanted to happen 3.Q 24 du l l /dAl / adj boring 3.C 27 DVD / d i : ,vi: ' d i : / n abbrev digital versatile disk; a pre-recorded disk used for fi lms or concerts that you can buy or hire 3.Q 25 e x p l o i t a t i o n /eksp lo i ' te i fn / n unfair treatment, for example not paylng a fair wage 3.C 2 7 f an /faen/ n (here) a machine with blades that turn which helps to keep the air in a room cool 3.C 26 ( to ) f i r e / ' fa is ( r ) / v to forcé an employee to leave their j ob 3.C 26 f u r t h e r / ' f3:Ó3(r)/ adv at a greater distance 3 . A 2 Í in s tock / , in 'swk/ adv available to sell 3.Q 25 i n t ense / in ' tens/ adj very strong 3.C 26 l abe l / ' l e ib l / n (here) a make, a brand 3.C 26 l a b o u r c o n d i t i o n s / ' le ibs ksn .d i jnz / npl condit ions of work (for example, hours and safety) 3.C 26 l abou r : cos t of l a b o u r /,kost sv leibs(r)/ n the cost of wages paid to workers 3.C 26 ( to ) last / la :s t / v (here) to continué work ing 3.A 21 l i g h t / l a i t / adj (here) not heavy 3.A 20 l i v i ng w a g e / l i v i r j 'weid3/ n a wage which is enough to pay for basic housing, food, clothes and bilis 3.C 26 l o n g e r /'k>qg3(r)/ adv for more time 3.A 21 l o u d / l aúd / adj the opposite of quiet 3.C 27

l u n g /Un, / n your lungs are used for breathing and are in your chest 3.C 26 m a n u a l w o r k e r /'msenjual ,w3:k3(r)/ n a worker who does physical and not off ice work 3.C 2 6 mate r i a l /ms ' t i s r i s l / n c loth, what clothes are made from 3.C 26 m í n i m u m w a g e / m i n i m s m 'weid3/ n the smallest amount of money you can legally be paid for work 3.C 26

164 | Business Update

( t o ) m iss t h e bus / m i s ób b,\s/ v if you miss a bus, you are late for it and don't catch it 3.B 2 2 m o d e l / 'mDdl / n a design 3.Q 2 5 paycheck / 'pe i t jek / n (US) the amount of money you receive for work 3.C 2 6 p lan o f a c t i o n /.plaen 9v íek jn / n a list of things to do 3.B 22

p r e g n a n c y t e s t / 'pregnsnsi ,test/ n a test to check whether a woman is going to have a baby 3.C 26 p r o p e r / 'p ropsí r ) / adj real 3.C 26

p r o t e c t e d /prs ' tek t id / adj secure, safe 3.B 2 2 p u r i f i e d / ' p j u s n f a i d / adj clean, wi th any chemicals removed 3.C 26 ( to ) r e p a y / n ' p e i / v to give back money that you owe 3.B 23 r e p o r t / n ' po : t / n a wr i t ten document which gives details of a situation 3.C 26 re ta i l pr ice / 'rirteil ,prais/ n the price of something to the customer in a shop 3.C 2 6 S a l v a d o r a n /saslvs'doiren/ adj f rom El Salvador 3.C 2 6 set /set/ n (here) a televisión 3.Q 2 5 ( to ) sew /sao/ v to make clothes 3.C 26 s e w i n g o p e r a t o r / 'saoirj ,Dp9reit9(r)/ n someone who works a sewing machine 3.C 26

s h o r t s /Jo:ts/ npl short trousers 3.C 2 6 s ing le m o t h e r /s i r jg l 'm\Qs(r)/ n a woman who is bringing up her child or children alone, without a husband or partner 3.C 2 6 ( to ) s t o r e /sto:(r)/ v (here) to keep in its memory 3.A 21 s t r a n g e /s t remd3/ adj (here) which you do not know 3.B 2 2 sou rce /so:s/ n the origin of something 3.C 2 6 t a p w a t e r /'trep ,wo:t9(r)/ n water which comes out of the pipes in a building, not f rom a bott le 3.C 2 6 t e s t i m o n y / ' tes t imani / n a statement made in a law cour t 3.C 26 t e s t i n g / ' test i r j / adj very diff icult 3.C 26 ( to ) u p d a t e Ap 'de i t / v to modernize or replace with something new 3.Q 2 5 w a g e /we id3 / n money paid to a worker every week 3.C 2 6 ( to ) w o r k a f i v e - d a y w e e k /,w3:k 3 , fa iv ,dei 'wi:k/ v to work five days in a week 3. C 2 7 ( to ) w o r k o v e r t i m e /,w3:k ' sovs ta im / vto work extra hours 3.C 2 6

4 At work a b s t r a c t a r t /¿ebstraekt 'a:t / n works of art which do not show real things such as people or landscapes 4.D 36 a p a r t m e n t /s 'pa i tmsnt / n a fíat, a home which is all on one level 4.A 28 a rch i ve box / 'cukaiv ,bDks/ n a box for storing documents that you need to keep 4. C 33

a r t w o r k /'a:tw3:k/ n works of art (paintings, drawings, prints, sculpture) 4.D 3 6 b a n d /baend/ n a pop group, a group of musicians 4.B 3 0 b l a n d /blasnd/ adj boring, not exciting 4,D 3 6 br ie f case / ' b rk fke is / n a case for carrying documents and books in 4.C 3 3 bye ! / b a i / phr (coll) goodbye! 4.B 31 caf fe ine / 'kaefnn/ n the substance ¡n coffee which can stop you sleeping 4.D 3 6 ca lm /ka :m/ n peace, quiet 4.D 3 6 ( t he ) C i ty / ' s i t i / n the financial área of London where international banks have their off ices and where the Stock Exchange is 4.D 3 6

c o m m i t m e n t s /ks 'mi tmants / npl things that you have to do, for example attend meetings 4.B 31 c o n t e m p o r a r y /kan ' temprsr i / adj l iving, modern 4.D 3 6 c ó r n e r /'ko:n3(r)/ n where t w o walls meet 4.C 3 2 c rea t i ve / k r i ' e i t i v / adj imaginative, having new ideas 4.D 3 6 c rea t i ve e n e r g y / k r i . e i t i v 'enad3¡/ n the energy needed to have new ideas 4.D 3 6 d i r e c t i o n s Ab ' rek fnz , d i - , d a i - / npl instructions for how to get to a particular place 4.A 28 e r r o r /'er3(r)/ n a mistake 4.D 3 6 ( to ) e x h a u s t ( s o m e b o d y ) / ig 'zo:st/ v to make somebody very t ired 4.D 3 6 f ocus / ' fsukas/ n something to look at or concéntrate on 4.D 3 6 ( to ) g i ve a speech / ,giv 9 'spiitj*/ v to give a formal talk 4.B 31 g o - a h e a d / 'gso g.hed/ adj dynamic and modern 4.D 3 6 i m m e n s e l y / i 'mens l i / adv very much 4.Q 3 5

( to ) i nc rease / in 'kr i :s / v to make greater 4.D 3 6 i n s t r u c t i o n manua l /in'strAkfn .maenjusl/ n a book with instructions, for example for how to use a machine 4.Q 3 5 m a i n r o a d / ,mem ' r sod / n an important road 4.A 28 m a n u a l / 'maín jus l / n (here) a book with instructions 4.Q 3 5 neut ra l / 'njuitrgl/ adj (here) which does not créate a strong reaction in people 4.D 3 6 n e w s k iosk /'nju:z ,k¡Dsk/ n a small shop which sells newspapers 4.A 28 n o l o n g e r /.ngu ' lDng3(r)/ adv if you no longer do something, you have stopped doing it 4.D 3 6 n o o n /nu:n/ n midday, 12 o'clock 4.A 29 o p e n t o i n t e r p r e t a t i o n /.aupan tu mt3 : p r i ' t e i f n / adj which does not have an obvious meaning, which people can interpret in their own way 4.D 3 6

o u t p u t / a u t p u t / n how much work people do 4.D 3 6

pas te l / 'prestí/ adj palé 4.D 3 6 p o w e r f u l / ' paug f l / adj having a strong effect 4.D 3 6 p r i n t /pnnt/ n a work of art made using a printing technique (not a painting) 4.D 3 7 p r o d u c t i v e /prs 'dAkt iv/ adj who does a lot of work 4.D 3 7 p r o f i t /'prDfit/ n income f rom a company or activity after deduct ing all costs 4.A 28 ( to) p r o j e c t an i m a g e /prs,d3ekt sn ' im id3 / v to give an ¡mpression 4.D 3 6 ( to) p r o m o t e /pra 'msut / v (here) to help créate 4.D 3 6 ( to ) p r o m o t e t h e i r image /pra.msut Sear ' im id3 / v (here) to créate a good ¡mpression 4.D 3 6 p s y c h o l o g i s t /sai 'kDbd3ist/ n a person who studies how people behave 4.D 3 6 p u r s e /p3:s/ n where a woman keeps her money 4.C 3 3 ( to ) ra ise /reiz/ v to increase, to make greater 4.D 3 6 ( to ) r e d u c e /n 'd ju :s / v to make smaller 4.D 3 6 r o w / r s u / n a line 4.D 3 6 s c h e m e / sk i :m/ n (here) the colours used 4.D 3 6 s h o p p i n g c e n t r e / 'Jopin sents(r)/ n a large building with shops inside 4.A 28 soc ia l ac t i v i t i e s /'S9ufl aek.tivstiz/ npl things which you do with other people, for pleasure 4.B 31

sp lash o f c o l o u r /splaej sv 'kAb(r ) / n a small área of colour 4.D 3 6 s q u a r e /skwe9(r)/ n an open área in a town which is the shape of a square 4.A 28

s te r i l e / 's tera i l / adj (here) dull and uninteresting 4.D 3 6 s t i m u l a t i o n / s t im ju ' le i jn / n energy to créate things, dynamism 4.D 3 6 s t ress /stres/ n worry and tensión 4.D 3 6 ( to ) t ake a l o o k / , teik 9 ' luk/ v to look 4.B 31 ( t he ) t r o u b l e w i t h ... /5g 'trAbl ,wió7 phr the problem wi th ... 4.D 3 6 ( to ) w o r k /w3:k/ v (here) to funct ion 4.Q 34

5 Telephone talk ( to ) ac t í va te ( s o m e t h i n g ) / 'askt iveit / v to make something ready for use, to switch something on 5.D 47 a d d i c t e d / 9 'd ikt id/ adj if you are addicted to something, such as a drug, you cannot live wi thout it 5.D 4 6 ana lys is b 'nasbsis/ n (here) an explanation 5.D 4 6 b a d g e /ba¡;d3/ n a label 5.C 4 3 b e w a r e /bi'we9(r)/ phr be careful 5.D 4 6 b i l l i ng s t a t e m e n t /'bil irj ,steitm9nt/ n a document giving details of bilis 5.B 41

165

Word list 5-8

b o t h e r ! / ' boda / phr (coll) an expression which you can use when something annoys you 5.A 3 9 ( to ) b u r n /b3:n/ v to set fire to 5.B 4 3 ch ip / t f i p / n a piece of fr ied potato; a small piece of silicon with an electronic circuit 5.C 4 3 ( to ) c o n t r o l ( s o m e t h i n g ) / ksn ' t rau l / v to make something work; to regúlate something 5.A 3 8 cr ime s t o r y / 'k ra im ,sto:r i / n a story about something ¡Ilegal, such as a murder 5.Q 4 5 ( to ) d e l e t e /d i ' l i i t / v to erase, to remove completely 5.D 4 7 ( to ) d i s t u r b /di'st3:b/ v to bother, to annoy 5.A 3 9 d r i ve /d ra iv / n the part of a computer into which you ¡nsert a CD 5.Q 4 5 e d g e /ed3/ n the edge of something such as a table is where the surface stops 5.C 4 3 f r eak / f r i : k / n a person who ¡s very enthusiastic about something 5.D 4 6 ( to ) f u m e / f j u im / v (here) to be very angry 5.B 41

gen ius / j i m i o s / n a very clever person 5.C 4 3 g e o g r a p h y /d3i 'Dgrsf i / n the study of the land, sea and climate 5.C 4 3 g o f o r it / 'gsu fsr ,it/ phr (coll) an expression used to encourage somebody to do something 5.D 4 7

g u y / g a i / n a man 5.B 41 h o l d : t o be o n h o l d /(tu:),bi: ,Dn 'hao ld / v to be wait ing on the telephone 5.A 38 key / k i : / n a button on a keyboard 5.A 38 k e y p a d / 'ki:paed/ n the set of buttons on a telephone 5.D 4 7

( to) l e n d ( s o m e t h i n g t o s o m e b o d y ) / l end / v to give something to someone to use for a short t ime and then return it to you 5.A 3 9 l ink / l i r j k / n a relationship, an association 5.B 41 means o f c o m m u n i c a t i o n / ,minz 9v ksm jum i ' ke i j n / n a method of communicat ing 5.D 4 6 necessa ry ev i l /nes9S9ri ' i i v l / n something unpleasant which you cannot avoid 5.D 4 6 no w o r r i e s /.nao 'WATÍZ/ p/ir (coll) you don't have any problems 5.D 4 6 p a p e r c l ip / 'peipa ,k l ip / n a small piece of bent metal used for holding papers together 5.Q 4 5

( to ) pause /po:z/ v to stop for a short t ime 5.D 4 7 ( to ) p ress /pres/ v (here) to squeeze, to squash 5.A 38 rap music /'rsep ,mju:z ik / n a kind of pop music 5.Q 4 5 ( to) r e q u i r e / n ' kwa ia ( r ) / v t o need 5.B 41 ( to ) r e s u m e / n ' z j u :m / v to start again 5.D 4 7 ( to) r i ng / n r j / v if a phone rings, it makes a noise when someone is calling that number 5.A 38

s k i p : t o sk ip t o t h e e n d /,skip ta 5 i end/ v to go Immediately to the end 5.D 4 7 s o l u t i o n /s9'lu:Jn/ n an answer 5.B 4 0 ( to ) s p u r n /sp3in/ v to reject 5.B 41 s t a n d a r d /'stíendsd/ adj (here) average 5.D 4 7

s t e p /step/ n (here) a stage 5.D 4 7 ( to ) sw i t ch /switJV v to change 5.D 4 6 t e c h n o p h o b e /'teknsfaub/ n a person who does not like technology 5.D 4 6 t e x t m e s s a g e /'tekst ,mesid3/ n a short written message sent by mobile phone 5. D 4 6 ( to) t rans fe r /traens'f3:(r)/ v to move 5.A 38 t r a n s f e r key /'traensf3: ,ki:/ n a button which allows you to send a cali to another extensión 5.A 38 ( to ) unrave l /An'raevl/ v to sort out, to put in the correct order 5.Q 4 5

6 Learning the job a g a i n s t : t o be a g a i n s t ( s o m e t h i n g ) / tu : ,bi: s'genst/ v to oppose 6.D 5 6 a r o u n d : w h o is a lways a r o u n d / ,hu: iz ,o:lweiz s'raund/ phr (here) who is always at work 6.D 5 6 b a l a n c e d /'baslsnst/ adj (here) which combines work and leisure in good proportions 6.D 5 6 c l i e n t - b a s e d j o b /'klaisnt ,beist ,d3Db/ n a job in which customers are the most ¡mportant thing 6.D 5 6 ( to ) c o m b i n e /kam 'bain/ v to mix 6.D 5 6 consu l tancy /ksn'sAltansi/ n an organization which gives specialist advice 6.D 5 6 d i g n i t y /'dignsti/ n (here) valué as a person 6.D 5 6 e f f ec t i ve l y / i 'fektivl i / adv efficiently, well 6. D 5 6 e l b o w /'elbau/ n where your arm bends 6.A 48 ( to ) e n d up d o i n g ( s o m e t h i n g ) / 'end ,Ap ,du:ir)/ v to do something even though you didn't intend to originally 6.D 5 6 f i x e d /fikst/ ocjf which cannot be changed 6.D 5 7 f o r : t o be t h e r e f o r ( s o m e t h i n g ) /tu:,bi 5e9(r)'fo:(r)/ v to support 6.D 5 6 l a b e l l e d : t o be l a b e l l e d /tu:,bi 'leibld/ v to be called 6.D 5 6 m a d : i t 's m a d / i t s 'maed/ p/ir (coll) (here) it's very busy 6.B 5 0 p iece o f adv i ce /,pi:s 9v sd'vais/ n an individual bit of advice 6.Q 5 4 p r o j e c t - t y p e j o b /'prDd3ekt ,taip ,d3Db/ n a job which involves work on an individual task, such as developing software or setting up an exhibition 6.D 5 6

publ ic sec to r /'pAblik ,sekts(r)/ n áreas of activity, such as health and education, which are funded by the government 6.D 5 6 ( to ) p u t in l o n g e r h o u r s /,put ,in .hoqgar 'ausz/ phr v (here) to work more hours 6.D 5 6

r e c r u i t m e n t /n'kruitmant/ n the process of finding new employees 6.D 5 6 ( to ) s e n d o u t /send 'aut/ phr v (here) to send, to despatch 6.B 5 0 s h i r k e r /'/3:k9(r)/ n a person who is lazy about work 6.D 5 6 s h o w r o o m / "Jauruim/ n where a company exhibits its products 6.C 5 2 s t r e s s - f r e e /.stres 'fr i : / adj which doesn't make you feel stressed or anxious, calm 6. A 48 s t ress fu l /'stresfl/ adj which make you worried 6.D 5 6 s u p p o s e : I s u p p o s e so /,ai sg'pguz ,s9u/ phr I think so 6.B 51 ( to ) t ake ( t ime) o u t /,teik ,taim 'aut/ phr v (coll) to stop working (for a period of time) 6.Q 5 5 up t i l l /'\p , t i l / adv until 6.Q 5 5 ( to ) v a r y y o u r t a s k s /.veari j o : tcusks/ v to do different things 6.A 48 w i t h i n t h e n e x t t e n y e a r s /w i .S in 59 ,nekst ,ten 'jiaz/ adv before the next ten years are finished 6.D 5 6 w o r k i n g p rac t i ces /'w3:kirj .prasktisiz/ npl ways of working 6.D 5 6

7 What's in a brand? ac t i ve /'aektiv/ ady' dynamic, energetic 7. B 61 ( t o ) ad jus t /a'dsASt/ v to change, to move 7.A 58 a d o l e s c e n t /asda'lesnt/ n a young person aged between about 12 and 17 7.D 6 7 a n n u a l /'asnjual/ ady happening every year 7.C 6 3 app l i ance /g'plaigns/ n an electrical machine, especially one used in the kitchen (kettles, food processors, etc.) 7.D 6 6 a p p r o a c h /a'prautf/ n a way of doing something 7.D 6 6 as is /,aez 'iz/ adv without being changed in any way 7 D 6 6 a t t r i b u t e d t o ( s o m e t h i n g ) /g'tnbjuitid t9/ ady caused by 7.D 6 7 aware of /a'wegr 9v/ adj conscious of,

knowing about 7.B 61 b lank /blaerjk/ adj empty, dead 7.Q 6 5 b r i g h t l y /'braitli/ adv colourfully 7.D 6 7 ( to ) c o m e t o /,kAm 'tu:/ phr v (here) to

regain consciousness 7.Q 6 5 c o r e /ko:(r)/ ady central 7.D 6 6 d e a d /ded/ ady if a telephone line is dead, it is not working and you cannot hear any sound 7.Q 6 4 d e c a d e /'dekeid/ n a period of ten years 7.C 6 3 ( to ) dec l i ne /di'klam/ v to get smaller, decrease 7.C 6 3 d e c o r a t i v e /'dekorativ/ ady pretty and attractive 7.D 6 6 d r u n k /drArjk/ ady having had too much alcohol 7.D 6 7

166 Business Update

eco lóg ica! / i :k3 ' lDd3ikl/ adj which does mínimum damage to the environment 7.D 6 7

( to) e l i m í n a t e / i ' l im ine i t / v to avoid, to get rid of 7.D 6 6

exot íc / ig ' zDtik/ ady foreign, interesting and attractive 7.D 6 6 f l a s h i n g /'flíejirj/ ady which goes on and off 7.D 6 6

f o r b i d d e n /fo 'bidn/ ady not allowed 7.Q 6 4

f u n c t i o n a l / ' f A r j k t e n l / ady practical 7.D 6 6

f u n c t i o n a l í t y /f'ArjkJa'naelsti/ n how practical something is 7.D 6 6

g o o d : i t ' s j u s t n o t g o o d e n o u g h / us ,d3ASt ,nt>t 'god i,n\f/ phr a phrase used to reprimand someone seriously when they have done something wrong or disappoint ing 7.Q 6 4

hea l thy / ' he ie i /ady (here) good 7.D 6 6

i n f o r m a t i o n a l / info 'me i jon l / ady for information 7.D 6 6

l e a g u e t a b l e / ' l i :g ,teibl/ n a list which shows how successful companies are in relation to each other 7.C 6 3

l i t e r a t u r e / ' l i t rat js (r )/ n (here) the wr i t ing on the packaging 7 D 6 6 loya l / ' l o i s l / ady faithful 7.C 6 3

means : t h a t means ... /'oaet ,mi:nz/ pftr as a result ... 7.Q 6 5

n a t u r a l f i b r e s /nastfrol ' fa iboz/ np/ natural materials such as cot ton and linen 7.D 6 6 n e ó n s ign /,ni:Dn 'saín/ n a sign which is made of electric lights 7.D 6 6

nove l /'nDvl/ ady new and interesting 7 D 6 6

o r g a n i c /o: 'g;enik/ ady (here) natural 7.D 6 6 ( to ) p r i d e o n e s e l f on ( s o m e t h i n g ) / 'pra id WAi í .sel f ,Dn/ v to be proud of 7.B 61

( to) pu rchase / 'p3:t j is/ v to buy 7.C 6 2 recyc led /rk'saikld/ ady reused 7.D 6 6

rég imen / ' red3imon/ n a set of rules 7.D 6 6

( to ) r es t r i c t / n ' s t n k t / v to limit 7 A 5 9 SE / ,sau8 i:st/ abbrev southeast 7.Q 6 5

s l ashed /slasjt/ ady cut by large amounts 7.D 6 6

s o p h i s t i c a t e d / sa ' f is t ikei t id/ ady complex, advanced 7.D 6 6

spa re /speo(r)/ ady minimal, used in small quantit ies 7.D 6 6

( to ) sp i l l / sp i l / v if you spill a l iquid, it comes out of its container and makes a mess 7.Q 6 4

( to ) s t a r t o u t /,sta:t 'aut/ phr v to begin 7.D 6 6

s t o c k b r o k e r /'stDkbrouko(r)/ n a person who buys and sells shares in companies 7.C 6 2

s t r e a m l i n e d / ' s t r i :mla ind/ ady which has been made to work eff iciently 7.D 6 6 ( to ) t a k e r isks / , teik ' r isks/ v to try to do something even though you know it might cause problems or might not succeed

7.B 6 0

t a r g e t / ' ta :g i t / n a thing you aim to achieve 7.B 6 0

t h e s e days / '5i:z ,deiz/ adv nowadays, today 7.D 6 6

t r a n q u i l / ' t rasr jkwi l / ady peaceful, calm 7.D 6 6

u n a d o r n e d /Ano'domd/ ady wi thout any decoration 7.D 6 6

u n i q u e /ju'nkk/ ady if something is unique, there is nothlng else like it; very special 7. D 6 6

w o o d e n / 'wudn / ady made of wood 7.A 5 9

8 Can I help you? a c q u i s i t i o n / askw i ' z i j n / n something which you have bought 8.D 7 7

a n t i q u e Aen't i :k/ n an oíd and valuable object 8.D 7 7

backpack /'baekprek/ n a rucksack, a bag that you carry on your back 8.A 68 ( t o ) b e c o m e m ixed u p /b i ,kAm ,mikst Ap/ v to get in the wrong order 8.Q 74 b i o l o g y /bai'Dlod3Í/ n the study of living things 8.C 73

b o a r d r o o m / 'bo:d,ru:m/ n the room where the directors of a company meet 8.D 77

ca fe te r ía /kaefo'tiorio/ n a self-service restaurant in an off ice, factory or col lege 8. C 72

cap i t a l c i t y /.kaepitl ' s i t i / n the city where the government of a country is (London is the capital ci ty of Britain) 8.Q 74

c h a i r m a n /'tjeomon/ n the head of an organization or company 8.D 76

( to ) check - i n / t f e k ' i n / phr v to register, to book into (a hotel) 8.D 7 7 ( t he ) c o m i n g yea r / .kAmirj ' j io(r ) / n next year 8.Q 74

c o m p a c t /kom 'paskt/ ady small 8.A 68 da i l y / ' de i l i / adv every day 8.A 6 9 d i n n e r p a r t y / 'd ina ,pa :t i/ n a fairly formal dinner in someone's home 8.Q 75

d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n /daiv3 :s i f i 'kei jn/ n the creation of new products 8.D 7 7

d o m e s t i c /ds 'mest ik / ady for use in the home 8.Q 75

e c o n o m i c /i:ko 'nDmik/ ady relating to the economy; which makes a profit 8.C 73

en su i t e /,Dn 'swi i t / n a prívate bathroom in a hotel 8.B 71

(an) e v e n i n g o u t /, i :vnirj aot / n an evening spent socially, for example at the theatre or a restaurant 8.Q 7 5 f ía t /flaet/ ady (here) level, not rising 8.B 71

f o r e c a s t / ' fo:ka:st/ n a predict ion, for example saying what the weather is going to be like 8.B 70

g u e s t /gest/ n a person who is staying in a hotel; someone you have invited to your house 8.B 70

( to ) h e a d f o r /'hed ,fo:(r), fo(r)/ v to go towards 8.C 72

h i g h l i g h t s / 'ha i la i ts / npl the most special

and interesting events 8.D 77 h o r s e : I c o u l d ea t a h o r s e /,ai kud ,i:t o 'ho:s/ phr (coll) l'm very hungry indeed 8.B 70

h o s p i t a l i t y /hosp i ' taebt i / n (here) the things provided by a company to welcome visitors 8.Q 74

h o t e l i e r /h3o' te l io(r ) / n a person who owns or manages a hotel 8.B 71

i m p o l i t e / impa ' la i t / ady rude 8.C 73 l i ke ly / ' l a i k l i / ady probable 9.B 80 l o b b y / ' l ob i / n entrance hall and reception área 8.D 7 7

l o g o / ' l augau / n a small design which is unique to a company and that it puts on its products 8.D 7 7

l o u n g e / laond3/ n a sitt ing room 8.B 71 l u x u r i o u s /lAg '3usr iss/ ady very comfortable and expensive 8.D 76 m i n d : t o m a k e up y o u r m i n d / 'me ik ,Ap j o : 'ma ind/ v to decide 8.B 70

on t a r g e t /,on ' ta :g i t / adv if something is on target, it is doing well and you are likely to achieve the result you want 8.D 76 o p e n - a i r c i nema / s u p o n ,eo 'sinomo/ n a cinema which is outside, not in a building 8.D 77

o u t i n g / 'aot i r j / n a short tr ip to vlsit somewhere interesting or relaxing 8.Q 75 ( to ) p e r f o r m /po ' fo :m/ v to give a show, to give a performance 8.D 7 7

p h o t o g r a p h y / fo ' tDgrofi/ n the art of taking photographs 8.C 73

( to ) p o l l u t e /po'lu:t/ v to put harmful substances in the atmosphere 8.Q 75 p o r t e r /'pD¡to(r)/ n a person who carnes people's luggage 8.B 71 p r o d u c t i o n l ine /pro 'dAkfn , la in / n in a product ion line, products move continuously from one machine or process to the next until they are f inished 8.D 7 7

r a t e /reit/ n a charge 8.A 6 9

r o b o t /'roubDt/ n a machine which does tasks automatically 8.Q 75

rucksack /'rAksrek/ n a backpack, a bag that you carry on your back 8.C 72

(a) se r ies o f / 's iorkz av/ n a number of 8.D 76

s l im / s l i m / ady thin 8.A 68

s t e r e o s y s t e m / 'ster iou .sistom/ n a device with loudspeakers for playing CDs, records or cassettes 8.C 72

t r a f f i c / ' t rasf ik/ n cars, lorrles, buses, etc. 8.B 70

t r a f f i c - f r e e /.traefik ' f r i : / ady wi thout any traffic (cars, buses, etc.) 8.Q 75

wa l l e t / 'wDl i t / n a purse for keeping banknotes in 8.A 68

WC /,d\b\: 's i : / n a toi let 8.A 6 9 w e d d i n g a n n i v e r s a r y / 'wedir j aeni,v3:sori/ n your wedding anniversary is the date on which you were married; for example, your f i f th wedding anniversary is exactly five years after you got married 8.Q 75

9 I t 's an order! a id / e i d / n help to poor countries 9.D 8 7

a t t a c h m e n t /o'tastfmont/ n an electronic file which you send with an e-mail 9.Q 85

beans /b i :nz/ npl (here) cocoa beans, the seeds of the cocoa plant, f rom which chocolate comes 9.D 86 b o a r d / bo :d / n (here) a commit tee 9.D 86 ( to ) b o t h e r /'bDdo(r)/ v (here) to make the effort to do something 9.B 81

CD-ROM /,si: ,di: ' r om/ n abbrev a CD which has information on it but on which you cannot record other information 9.A 7 9 ( to ) c h a r m /t [a :m/ v to please 9.A 79 ( to ) check y o u r t o n g u e / t j e k j o : 'tArj/ v to be careful what you say 9.A 79 c l u s t e r /'klASto(r)/ n a group 9.A 79

( to ) c o m e ac ross / 'kAm o .kros/ phr v to find by chance 9.C 83

( to) c o m e i n t o ( m o n e y ) / ,kAm ,mta ( 'mAni)/ phr v to get money from somebody when they die 9.C 83 ( to) come up w i th (an idea) / k A m ,Ap ,wi5 (on ai 'dio)/ phr v to have an idea 9.C 83 c r e a m y / ' k r i :m i / adj smooth and which tastes of cream 9.D 86

d i s c r e e t l y / d i ' sk rn t l i / adv quietly, wi thout anybody noticing 9.Q 84

e q u a t o r / i ' kwe i to ( r ) / n the imaginary line around the middle of the earth 9.D 86 GDP /,d.3i: ,di: 'p i : / n abbrev gross domestlc product; the total valué of what a country produces and the services it provides in a year 9.D 87

( to) g e t o n w i t h ( s o m e t h i n g ) /,get 'Dn ,w id / phr v to continué work ing on something 9.C 83

( to ) g e t ove r (an i l lness) / ge t 'ouvo(r)/ phr v to recover from an illness 9.C 83 ( to ) g e t r o u n d t o ( d o i n g s o m e t h i n g ) /ge t ' raond to/ phr v to f ind the t ime to do something 9.C 83 h o p e l e s s / 'hooplos/ adj if you say that something is hopeless, you mean the situation can't be improved 9.B 81 l oo / lu:/ n (coll) toi let 9.Q 84

( to) l o o k in o n ( s o m e b o d y ) / l u k i n ,Dn/ phr v to visit somebody 9.C 83

( to ) l o o k i n t o ( s o m e t h i n g ) / l u k into/ phr v to examine something 9.C 83 ( to) l o o k o u t f o r ( s o m e b o d y ) / l u k 'aut fo(r)/ phr v to watch for when a person arrives 9.C 83

( to ) l o o k up t o ( s o m e b o d y ) / l u k Ap ,tu:,

to/ phr v to admire somebody 9.C 83 m a n n e r /'maeno(r)/ n behavlour 9.A 79 m i n d : t o c h a n g e y o u r m i n d / , t feind3 j o :

'ma ind/ v to change your decisión or view about something 9.Q 85

n o w a n d a g a i n / ,nau on o 'gen/ adv occasionally 9.D 86

p o r t /po:t/ n a town by the sea where ships arrive and from where they leave 9.D 86

p o r t a b l e / 'po: tobl / adj which you can carry with you 9.A 76

( t o ) p u t o f f ( d o i n g s o m e t h i n g ) / p u t ' D Í / phr v to delay doing something 9.C 83

( to ) r e p a i r /n 'pea (r)/ v to mend, to fix 9. B 80

( to ) t a k e ( i n f o r m a t i o n ) in / t e i k ( in fa .mei jn ) ' i n / phr v to understand information 9.C 83

( to ) t a k e away / , teik o 'wei / phr v to remove 9.C 83

( to ) t a k e up (an ac t i v i t y ) / ' te ik ,Ap/ phr v to start practising an activity 9.C 83 v a l u a b l e /vasl juobl / adj wor th a lot of money 9.A 7 9 v a t /vaet/ n a large barrel or tank 9.A 79 w i t h r e g a r d s t o ... /,wiS n 'ga :dz to/ phr concernlng, about 9.A 79

w o r k - r e l a t e d /w3 :k n . l e i t i d / adj associated with work 9.C 82

10 Global reach a g e n d a / o f e n d o / n political issues 10. D 9 6

a n n i v e r s a r y /£em 'v3:sori/ n the date which marks one or more years since something happened 10.D 9 0 cash d i s p e n s e r / 'kaej di.spenso(r)/ n a machine from which you can get money 10.A 8 9

c e n t /sent/ n 100th of a dollar 10.A 8 9 c h a n g e : have y o u g o t change fo r ...? /hov j u ,gDt ' t [eind3 fs(r)/ phr if you ask for change, you ask for smaller notes and coins in place of a large note or coin 10.A 8 9 c ra te / k re i t / n a large box for t ransport ing or storing things 10.A 8 9

c r i m e / k r a i m / n an illegal action (robbing a bank, murder, theft, etc.) 10.C 9 3

c u r r e n c y / 'kAransi/ n money (for example, the currency used in Britain is the pound sterl ing) 10.C 9 3

( to ) cu t back /kAt 'bsek/ phr v to reduce 10.B 9 0

f ea r / f io (r )/ n the feel ing of being afraid 10.A 8 9

f o r t n i g h t / ' fo : tna i t / n two weeks 10.B 9 0 f r e i g h t : by f r e i g h t / b a i ' f re i t / adv by ship, train, lorry or aircraft 10.C 92 G 8 /,d3¡: 'eit, ,gru:p ov 'eit/ abbrev Group of Eight; the world's eight largest industrial nations (France, US, UK, Germany, Japan, Canadá, Italy, Russian Federation) 10.D 9 6

l o o p /lu:p/ n a circular shape (of wire or str ing, for example) 10.A 8 9

m a r k e t r e s e a r c h e r /,ma:kit n 's3 : t fo(r)/ n a person who gets information about what customers want and like 10.Q 95 m o v e m e n t /'mu :vmont/ n (here) a t rend, a group of people who share the same beliefs 10.D 9 6

p a r k i n g m e t e r /'pa:kirj ,mi:to(r)/ n a machine you f ind on the pavement into which you put money to pay for parking

10. A 8 9

p r o g r e s s / 'prougres/ n advances, improvements 10.C 9 3 rea r /rio(r)/ n the back part of something, for example of a train 10.A 8 9

( to ) r e c o r d / n ' k o : d / v (here) to make a note of, to wr i te down 10.Q 9 5 ( to ) r i ng u p / ,nr j Ap/ phr v to phone 10. B 9 0

sa fe /seif/ n (here) a secure box 10.A 8 9

( to ) s p r e a d /spred/ v to extend to dif ferent places 10.A 8 9

s u m m i t / 'sAinit/ n a meeting of the leaders of two or more countries to discuss ¡mportant questions 10.D 9 6 t i n t /tmt/ n a colour, a shade 10.A 8 9 t i n y / ' t a i n i / adj very small 10.A 8 9 t o u r / tua( r ) / n a visit of a town, área or country 10.A 8 9

( to ) w e i g h ( s o m e t h i n g ) / w e i / vto check how heavy something is 10.A 8 8

11 The big sell a f f o r d a b l e /o' fo:dobl/ adj not too expensive 11.D 106

a p p r e c i a t e d / o 'p rk j i e i t i d / adj valued, approved of 11 .D 106

( to ) a t t e m p t /s ' tempt/ v to try 11.D 706 a w k w a r d / ' o : kwod / adj dif f icult 11 .B 101 b a b y - c a r e r a n g e / 'beibi ,keo ,reind3/ n products used in looking after a baby 11. Q 104

( to) bene f i t f r o m (someth ing ) / 'benafit from/ vto gain an advantage from 11.D 106

b o d y o d o u r /'bDdi ,oudo(r)/ n bad smells f rom your body 11 .A 9 8

b u l k y /'bAlki/ adj big and diff icult to handle 11.C 102

c a p a b l e o f / 'keipobl ov/ adj able to 11.C 703

( to ) c leanse / k lenz / v to clean 11.A 9 9

c o m m i t m e n t /ko 'mi tmont / n a promise 11.D 707

c o m m i t t e d / k s 'm i t i d / adj (here) doing what they can to help 11 .D 706

cu l t u re /'kAltJo(r)/ n (here) a common way of behaving or aspect of society 11.D 706 de f in i te / 'defmat/ adj (here) real 11.D 706 d e o d o r a n t /di 'oudoront/ n something you use under your arms to prevent bad smells 11 ,A 9 8

d u e : she 's d u e back in ... / J i i z dju: ,baek , in/ phr she should be here in ... 11 .Q 704 e th i ca l / ' eB i k l / adj behaving in a way that is considered moral or correct 11.D 706

excess / ik 'ses/ n an excess of something is too much of it 11.C 702

( t o ) exerc ise / 'eksssaiz/ v (here) to behave according to 11.D 706

f i t f o r /'fit fo(r)/ adj which can be used for 11.C 7 0 3

f o n d : t o be f o n d of /tu:,bi 'fDnd ov/ v to like 11.C 703

168 Business Update i

f u n d r a i s i n g / ' fAnd.reizir j / n making money for charit ies or specif ic projects 11 .D 1 0 6 f u n d s /fAndz/ npl money 11.D 706 ( to) g a t h e r /'g<c5a(r)/ v to collect 11.D 706

g l o w /glao/ n (here) a good feeling 11.D 106 ( to ) g o o u t o f b u s i n e s s / g a u ,aut av 'biznas/ v t o fail 11.A 9 8 ( to ) i nvo l ve ( s o m e b o d y ) /in'vDlv/ v to allow somebody to particípate 11.D 106 i n v o l v e d : t o be i n v o l v e d in /,bi: in'vDlvd ,¡n/ adj to particípate in 11.D 106 k e e n : t o be keen o n ( s o m e t h i n g ) /,bi k i :n ,Dn/ v to like something a lot 11.C 103

l a n d l a d y /'laendleidi/ n the woman who owns the place you live in 11.Q 105 ( to) lose one ' s p o s i t i o n /,lu:z wAns pa'zi jn/ v to do worse, to fall 11.B 100 ( to) m a t c h p o u n d - f o r - p o u n d /.maetj" ,paund fa paund/ v to give exactly the same amount of money 11.D 106

( to ) m iss t h e p o s t /,mis 5a 'paust/ v to be too late to send things by post 11.A 98 m o n i t o r /'mDnita(r)/ n the part of a computer which includes the screen 11.Q 705

o b e d i e n t /a'bi:diant/ adj who does what they are told to do 11 .B 101 ( to ) p l e d g e / p l e d j / v to promise 11.D 706 ( to ) p u t va lué o n /,pot 'vaíl ju: ,Dn/ v to cons ideras important 11.D 706 ra f f le t i c k e t /'nefl , t ik i t/ n a kind of lottery t icket; in a raffle, there are prizes to win 11.D 706

( to ) r ec ru i t s ta f f /n ,k ru : t sta:f/ v to take on new employees 11.D 707 ren t /rent/ n the money you pay every week or month to live where you do when you do not own the property yourself 11 .Q 705

sales p o i n t /'seilz ,point/ n the place on a website where you can buy things 11 .D 707 s c h e m e / sk i :m/ n (here) a plan for doing a particular thing 11.D 706 shav ing ge l / 'Jeivirj ,d3el/ n a kind of cream that you use before shaving 11.A 9 8 ( to ) s h o u t a b o u t ( s o m e t h i n g ) / 'Jaot a.baot/ v to make public statements about something, to let people know clearly about something 11.D 706 soc ia l consc ience / sau j l kon jans / n beliefs about what is right and wrong in relation to society 11 .D 706 soc ia l p r o b l e m s / ,sauf 1 'prDblamz/ npl problems in society (poor housing, low pay, drugs, etc.) 11.D 706 s o f t /sDft/ adj not hard, smooth 11.A 9 8 ( to) s o o t h e ( you r sk in ) /su:ó/ v to stop your skin feeling sore 11.A 9 8 s p o n s o r /'spDnsa(r)/ n a person or organizaron which gives money for an event 11.D 707

( to ) s p o n s o r /spt>nsa(r)/ v (here) to say that you will give someone money if they do a particular thing (a way of making money for charit ies) 11.D 706 ( t o ) s p r e a d a l i t t l e h a p p i n e s s /spred a .1111 'haepinas/ v to help make other people happy 11.D 706 ( t o ) s u p p o r t /sa'po:t/ v (here) to help, to be in favour of 11.D 706 u l t r a v i o l e t rays /Altra.vaialat reiz/ npl harmful radiation from the sun 11.A 9 8 w e l l - o f f : less w e l l - o f f t h a n ... /les ,wel ,Df 5an / adj who doesn't have as much money as . . . 11.D 707 ( t he ) w i d e r w o r l d / wa ida ,w3:ld/ n the wor ld in general, not just your local área 11. D 706 y o u t h f u l l o o k / ' ju :8 f l , luk/ n a young appearance 11.A 9 8

12 I t 's in the making! A 4 p a p e r / e i ,fo: 'peipa(r) / n the standard size of paper in off ices 12.B 770

ac id i t y /a 'sidati/ n how acidic something is 12. Q 775 a im /eim/ n a goal, object ive 12.D 777 ( t o ) a t t a c h /a'taetj"/ v (here) to jo in together 12.B 777 b i d : in a b i d t o ... /,m a 'b id ta/ adv in an at tempt to 12.D 776 b l e n d i n g / 'b lend iq / n mixing 12.B 777 ( to ) can /kasn/ v to put into t ins 12.Q 775 ( to ) c o m e t o p / k A m 'tDp/ v to come first 12.A 708

( to ) c o o r d í n a t e / kau 'a :d ine i t / v to organize 12.D 776 c ó r n e r s h o p / ko :na J o p / n a small, local shop 12.Q 774 c o r p o r a t e l o g o /,ko:parat ' laogao/ n a small design used by a company so that its products, or ñame will be recognized 12.D 776

co t /küt/ n a small bed with high sides for very young children 12.A 709 d i p l o m a / d i p l a u m a / n a certifícate, a qualif ication 12.B 777 d i r e c t - m a i l c a m p a i g n /da.rekt. d i . d a i -'mei l ka2m,pein/ n a campaign which involves sending letters or information directly to people by post 12.D 776 d i s a b l e d /dis 'eibld/ adj having a permanent physical problem 12.D 776 e n e r g y c o n s u m p t i o n / 'enad3i kan.SAmpJn/ n the amount of gas and electr ici ty that is used 12.Q 775 e x t r a c t o r /ik'straekta(r)/ n a machine which removes, something 12.Q 775

( to ) f ac i l í t a te / fa 's i l i te i t / v to encourage, to promote, to make easier 12.D 776 f a v o u r : can y o u d o m e a f a v o u r ? /kan j u ,du: ,mi: a ' feiva(r)/ phr something you do for someone in order to help 12.A 708 f e r r y / ' f e r i / n a boat for passengers which is used for a short distance 12.A 709

f i ve s e a t e r / f a i v 'si:ta(r)/ n a car wi th seats for five people 12.C 773 g e a r /g ia( r ) / n equipment, clothes 12.D 777

g i n / d3 in / n an alcoholic drink 12.A 709 g r a p h í c / 'graefik/ adj using pictures and clear wri t ing 12.D 777 ha l fway t h r o u g h / hcu fwe i 6 ru : / adv having f inished half ( 50%) 12.Q 774 h í g h - v i s i b i l i t y / h a i v iza 'b i la t i / n the possibil ity of being seen easily by a lot of people 12.D 776

i n - h o u s e / i n 'haus/ adj carried out within the company 12.C 773 l i f e - sav ing / ' l a i f ,seivir j / n (here) preventing somebody from drowning 12.D 776 loca l i n h a b i t a n t s / l a o k l in'haebitants/ npl people who live locally 12.D 777 m a r a t h ó n / 'míeraGan/ n a long running race over a distance of 42 km 12.D 776 p a n /paen/ n a container for cooking things in 12.A 709 p l a n t /p la :nt / n (here) a factory 12.B 777 p l u n g e : t o t a k e t h e p l u n g e / tu:,teik 5a plAnd3/ v to jump into the water 12.D 776 p o p u l a r d e m a n d / pop ja la d i ' m a : n d / n what people say they want 12.Q 775 p r i n t a d v e r t i s i n g /pnn t .zedvataizin,/ n advertising in newspapers and magazines, etc. (not on TV or radio, for example) 12.D 776

pub l i c /'pAblik/ adj not prívate, relating to government organizations 12.D 776 q u a l i t y assu rance /.kwDlati a'Joarans/ n managing the activities involved in ensuring that the quality of products or services remains good 12.Q 775 r ec rea t i on / rek r i ' e i jn / n leisure 12.D 776 r e g i o n a l l y / ' r i :d3anal i / adv within a región (an área larger than a town) 12.D 776 re lay / ' r i : l e i / n a race in which two or more people or teams take part, each person or team running just one sect ion of the race 12.D 776

s h a m p o o /Jaem'pu:/ n what you wash your hair wi th 12.B 770 su rve i l l ance /sa'veilans/ n watching of people for security reasons 12.Q 7 75 t i p - t o p / ' t ip ,top/ adj excellent 12.D 776 t u b e / t ju:b/ n the type of packaging that things such as toothpaste come in, which you squeeze 12.B 777

t u n a / ' t ju:na/ n a kind of very large fish 12.B 770 t w o - s t e p p r o c e s s / 'tu: ,step .prauses/ n a process which has two stages 12.C 773

u n d e r - p r i v i l e g e d / ,Anda'pnval id3d/ adj f rom a poor background or one with social problems 12.D 776

u n l o a d i n g /An ' laudi i ] / n removing goods from a lorry or other form of t ransport 12.B 777

Word list 13-15

13 Bank i t ! a lcoho l i c d r i n k /aelks.hohk 'dnr jk / n a drink which has alcohol in it (beer, wine, etc.) 13.C 722

a m a z i n g /s 'meiz i r j / adj fantastic, wonderfu l 13.D 127 a p p l i c a t i o n /aeph'kei jn/ n a wri t ten request for a job 13.A 118 a r m s sa les /'a:mz ,sei lz/ npl the selling of guns and other weapons 13.D 126 bank c le rk /'baerjk ,k la :k / n a person who works in a bank 13.Q 725

bank r a t e /'basrjk ,reit / n the rate of interest charged by a bank when it lends money 13.C 123

bea r /bea(r)/ n a large mammal, usually brown or white, that eats f lesh, insects and plants 13.A 119

b e a r d / b i s d / n the hair on a man's chin 13.A 779 b ike / b a i k / n a bicycle 13.B 720 ( to ) b r e a k up / b r e i k 'Ap/ phr v to divide 13.D 126

( to ) c h a n n e l f u n d s / 'tjaenl ,fAndz/ v to arrange for money to be used ¡n a particular way 13.D 726 c o n s p i c u o u s /ksn 'spikjuss/ adj very visible, very obvious 13.D 726

c o n v e r s i ó n /kan'v3:Jn/ n exchange, changing into a different currency 13.D 7 2 7

c o u p l e : a c o u p l e o f w e e k s /a k \pl sv 'wi:ks/ n about two weeks 13.Q 725 c r im ina l / ' k r i m i n l / n a person involved in illegal activit ies 13.D 726

d a y t i m e / ' de i t a im / adj for use during the day 13.A 779 de lay /d i ' l e i/ n if there is a delay to something, it is not done on t ime, it is late 13.B 720

d e p o s i t /d i 'poz i t / n part of the total price of something which you pay when you agree to buy the thing 13.A 778 ( to) d i f f e r / 'd i fo(r) / v to be different, to vary 13.C 722

( to ) d i s g u i s e ( s o m e t h i n g ) /dis 'gaiz/ vto hide something by changing its appearance 13.D 726

d r u g t r a f f i c k i n g /'dr\g . trzefikir j / n buying and selling illegal drugs 13.D 726

( to ) e x c h a n g e / iks ' t [emd3/ vto change 13.C 722 f r a u d / f r o :d / n gett ing money by lying or tr icklng somebody 13.D 726 ( to) g e n é r a t e A j e n a r e n / v to créate, to make 13.D 726 ( the) g l o b e / 'gtaub/ n the wor ld 13.D 726 i n t e g r a t i o n / i n t i ' g re i f n / n the process of making something part of something else 13.D 726

l a u n d e r e r / ' lo:ndara(r)/ n a person who launders money 13.D 726 l eg i t íma te / I i 'd3it im3t/ adj legal 13.D 726

( t o ) l eg í t im i ze /l i 'd3it imaiz/ v to make legal 13.D 726 m o n e y l a u n d e r i n g / 'niAni , lo :ndanr j / n processing i l legally-obtained money so that it appears legitímate 13.D 726 m o n e y - m a k i n g / 'mAni ,me ik i r j / adj which makes money 13.D 726 m o p e d /'mauped/ n a small motorbike 13.Q 725

m o t h /mt>9/ n an insect similar to a butterf ly 13.A 779 (a) n a t i o n a l /'nae Jnal / n a citizen of a country 13.C 722 o c c u p a t i o n /okju'pei jn/ n a job, a profession 13.A 779 o v e r d r a f t / 'auvadra i f t / n the amount of money which you owe your bank on an individual account 13.A 778 ( to ) pay back /peí 'baek/ phr v to give back money that you owe 13.C 722 phase /feiz/ n a stage 13.D 726 p l a c e m e n t /'pleismant/ n placing, putt ing (something) somewhere 13.D 726 p r o s t i t u t í o n /prDsti'tju:Jn/ n having sex with people in exchange for money 13.D 726

rea l e s t á t e / 'nal i.steit/ n proper ty (buildings, apartments, land) 13.D 726 r e f u n d : t o g i v e s o m e b o d y a r e f u n d /tu:,giv 'SAmbadi: a 'rLfAnd/ v to give somebody their money back 13.B 720 ( to) run up d e b t s /rAn ,Ap 'dets/ phr v to get into debt, to owe a lot of money 13.A 7 78 s c h e m i n g /'ski:mirj/ n planning 13.D 727 s m u g g l i n g / 'smAgl i r j / n bringing something into or out of a country illegally 13.D 726

s u r n a m e /'S3:neim/ n your last ñame 13.A 779

t i t l e / ' t a i t l / n (here) a form of address such as Mr, Mrs or Dr 13.A 779 TOEFL / ' t au f l / abbrev Test of English as a Foreign Language 13.Q 725 t o u g h /tAf/ adj hard, diff icult 13.A 778 u n l a w f u l /An'lo:fl/ adj illegal, against the law 13.D 726 w e a k /w i : k / adj the opposi te of strong 13. A 779

14 Food for thought a n t i o x i d a n t /asnti'Dksidant/ n a type of food which is thought to help protect you against cáncer 14.D 736

a s t r o n a u t /'a2strano:t/ n a person who travels in space 14.A 729 b e e f /bi:f'/ n the meat f rom a cow or bull 14. A 729 b o w l / b a ú l / n a dish 14.D 736 b r o k e : l'm b r o k e / a i m 'braok/ phr (coll) I haven't got any money 14.Q 735 ( to ) b u i l d d e f e n c e s a g a i n s t / b i l d d i ' fensiz a.genst/ v to créate resistance to, to protect against 14.D 736

cáncer /'kasnsaCr)/ n a serious disease in which you get a tumour somewhere in your body 14.D 736

cel l /sel / n the smallest part of a plant or animal that can funct ion independently 14.D 736

cerea l / ' s iar ia l / n a plant such as wheat or oats 14.D 736 c i r cu l a t i on /s3:kja 'leifn/ n the f low of b lood in the body 14.D 736 ( to ) c o r r u p t /ka'rApt/ v to damage 14.D 736

d e h y d r a t e d /d i iha i 'd re i t id / adj lacking water in your body 14.C 736 d e h y d r a t i o n / dkha i ' d re i j n / n lack of water in the body 14.D 736 d e p e n d e n t : t o b e d e p e n d e n t o n /tu:,bi di 'pendant ,Dn/ v (here) to have to use 14.D 736 d i e t : t o g o o n a d i e t / tu:,gau ,on a 'daiat/ v to eat less food, especially in order to lose weight 14.A 729

d i s g u s t i n g /dis'gAStirj/ adj horrible 14.B 730

d i s t o r t e d /d is ' to i t id / adj changed in a bad way 14.D 736 e a s e : t h e ease w i t h w h i c h / d i 'i:z wiQ ,witJ7 n how easily ... 14.D 736 f e d u p : l 'm f e d u p w i t h . . . / a i m 'fed ,Ap w i 8 / p h r (coll) l'm t ired of ... 14.Q 735

f r e e rad icá is /'Mi ,raediklz/ npl molecules in the body which are thought to encourage cáncer and heart disease 14.D 736

f r i e s /fraiz/ npl chips; pieces of fried potato 14.A 729

GM f o o d s /,d3i: ,em fu:dz/ npl genetically-modif ied foods; foods that have been changed by the introduction of a gene f rom another plant, etc., for example to make a plant which resists disease 14.Q 734

hea l t h i l y / 'helGi l i / adv in a way that is good for you 14.Q 734 l a m b /l£em/ n the meat f rom a sheep or lamb 14.A 729 l o o k : it l o o k s l ike ra in /it ,luks , la ik r e in/ phr I think it's going to rain 14.B 730

m a s h e d p o t a t o e s /.maejt pa' te i tauz/ npl cooked potatoes which have been crushed into a soft mass 14.B 730

m o z z a r e l l a /mmsa'rela/ n a type of Italian cheese 14.B 730

musc les /'ITIASIZ/ n muscles are the parts of the body which you need in order to move 14.D 7 3 7

n u t r i t i o u s /n ju ' tn jas / adj nutrit ious food is good for you because it gives you energy and contains vitamins 14.D 7 3 7

o m e l e t t e /'Dmlat/ n a dish made with eggs 14.B 730 p o r k /po:k/ n the meat f rom a pig 14.A 729 ( to ) res is t ( s o m e t h i n g ) / r i z i s t / v if you resist something that you would like, you choose not to have it 14.D 736

170 Business Update

r i s o t t o / n ' zD t su / n a rice dish typical of Italy 14.B 130 sa lami /sa'la:mi/ n a kind of sausage 14.B 130 s c o r e /sko:(r)/ n result 14.C 132 s t a r v i n g / 's ta:v i r j / adj very hungry 14.B 130 s teak /s te ik / n a slice of beef 14.B 130 s t r i ke /s t rark/ n if there is a strike, the people in a particular j ob have decided not to work, for example because they want more pay 14.B 130

t u n a s teak / ' t ju:na ,steik/ n a slice of tuna 14. B 130 v a r i e d / ' veand / adj having different things ¡n it 14.D 136 v e g e t a r í a n /ved3a'tearian/ adj (adj) not containing meat or fish 14.B 130 w h y b o t h e r ? / ,wai 'bDóa/ phr what 's the point? it's not wor th it 14.C 732

15 I t 's an e-world! b r o w s e r / 'braoza(r)/ n a program that allows you to look at and ¡nteract wi th information on the web 15.B 141 cook íe / ' k u k i / n sof tware that saves information from the web on your computer when you are browsing, tracks what you view, and registers your computer to the sites you use 15.B 141 c razy / ' k re i z i / adj mad 15.B 140 dec l i ne / d i ' k l a m / n a reduction 15.C 143 d i g i t a l / ' d i d^ i t l / adj using a technology that produces thousands of very small, electrical signáis 15.D 146

d o w n l o a d / 'daon laod/ n something that you can copy onto your computer legally from the internet 15.C 142 d o w n t u r n /'daont3 :n/ n a worsening, the fact of becoming less successful 15.Q 144 ( to ) face / fe is / v to confront, to have to deal wi th 15.Q 144

g l o b a l w a r m i n g / g l a o b l 'wo:mi r j / n the increase in temperature in the wor ld, generally believed to be caused by burning fuel 15.Q 145

h o m e p a g e / ' l iaom ,peid3/ n the main page of information about an organization or company when you go to its website 15. B 141

h o s t i l e / 'hosta i I / adj unfriendly, aggressive 15. A 139

in rea l t i m e / in ' na l , ta im/ adv if something happens in real t ime, it happens ¡nstantly and is not delayed 15.B 141 i n f l a t i on /m ' f le íJn / n general increase in prices in an economy 15.Q 144 ( to ) i n t e r a c t w i t h ( s o m e t h i n g ) / in lar ' íekt w i ó / v to react to, to respond to 15.B 141

m e s s a g e b o a r d / 'mesid3 ,bo:d/ n a website where you can leave messages 15.B 141 n a t u r e : t h e n a t u r e o f t h e b u s i n e s s /da .neit jar av da 'biznas/ n what the business is like 15.D 147

o p t i o n / ' n p j n / n a possible choice 15.D 146

o u t l o o k / 'ao t lok / n the way things look for the future of something 15.Q 144 p i racy / 'pa i ras i / n the act of making illegal copies of music, software, etc. 15.D 146 ( to ) po l i (a g r o u p o f p e o p l e ) / pao l (a ,gru:p av p i :p l ) / v to ask a group of people a question or series of quest ions in a survey 15.D 146

se rve r /'S3:va(r)/ n part of a computer network which stores files and which you can connect to in order to retrieve files 15.B 141 se rv i ce s e c t o r /'S3:vis ,sekta(r)/ n the áreas of business concerned with providing services, for example banking, insurance and tourism 15.A 138

( to ) s u b s c r i b e /sab'skraib/ v to become a participant in a mailing list 15.B 141 vase /va :z / n a container for putt ing f lowers in 15.A 139