business conjunction

7/23/2019 Business Conjunction

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Business English at Work

2003 Glencoe/McGraw-Hill


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ConjunctionsConjunctions

Objectives

Identify clauses and sentences.Use coordinating and correlative conjunctions

correctly.

Use suordinating conjunctions and conjunctive

advers correctly.Use correct !unctuation in sentences containing

coordinating" correlative" or suordinating

conjunctions or conjunctive advers.

PP 15-1acontinuedcontinued


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Objectives

PP 15-1b

continuedcontinued

Identify correct !arallel structure in sentences.#istinguis$ etween conjunctions and

!re!ositions.

Use co%%only confused conjunction

e&!ressions correctly.


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Independent Clauses

PP 15-2

'n independent clause(or %ain clause) can

stand alone as a co%!lete sentence. ' clause$as a co%!lete suject and !redicate.

Proper nutrition helps stabilize your moods.

Stress is emotional tension caused by everydayevents in our lives.


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Dependent Clause

PP 15-3a

' dependent clause(or suordinate clause)

also contains a suject and a !redicate*$owever" a de!endent clause is not a

co%!lete sentence and cannot stand alone.

' de!endent clause re+uires an inde!endentclause to %a,e sense.

' de!endent clause %ay a!!ear efore or

after an inde!endent clause.


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Dependent Clause

PP 15-3b

&a%!les

continuedcontinued

Before Vivian leaves work for the day,she

organizes her desk.

Judi recommends exercising after a stressful

day.


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!pes o" #entences

PP 15-$

i%!le

o%!ound

o%!le&

o%!ound-o%!le&




#i%ple #entence

PP 15-5

' si%!le sentence consists of one co%!lete

suject and one co%!lete !redicate. $esuject" t$e !redicate" or ot$ %ay e

co%!ound.

Audrey had a demanding day at work.Audrey and Bruce work in the same office.




Co%pound #entence

PP 15-&

' co%!ound sentence consists of two si%!le

inde!endent clauses connected y a conjunctionsuc$ as or, and, nor,or but.

Audrey had a demanding day at work butshe is

looking forward to having dinner with friends.Anger is meant to intimidate other people and

this often appears to be true.




Co%ple' #entence

PP 15-(

' co%!le& sentence contains an inde!endent

clause and one or %ore de!endent clauses.

!f you have been a victim in the downsizing of a

company you have experienced stress.




Co%pound-Co%ple' #entence

PP 15-)

' co%!ound-co%!le& sentence contains %ore

t$an one inde!endent clause and one or %orede!endent clauses.

"elaxation techni#ues help reverse coronary

disease$ however since this beneficial healthinformation is not widely publicized not all doctors

know about this philosophy of health care.




Coordinating Conjunctions

PP 15-*a

1oin words" !$rases" or clauses t$at are e+ual

in gra%%atical construction and i%!ortance.

and or but nor

Insert a co%%a efore a coordinating

conjunction t$at se!arates two inde!endentclauses.





PP 15-*b

Use buttoe&!ress a contrasting idea.

continuedcontinued

%ome&based business owners usually en'oy their workbutthey can become the victims of burnout.

Use andto s$ow an addition.(our thoughts andreactions to events can influence your

health.

Use orto indicate a c$oice.)ee copes with stress by meditating orby making 'okes

about difficult situations.





PP 15-*c

Use norto %a,e a second c$oice negative.

continuedcontinued

)iz and *ony did not agree on the topics for the stressmanagement workshop nordid they agree on the

speakers.





PP 15-*d

#o not use a co%%a efore a coordinating

conjunction t$at lin,s two words or !$rases.

continuedcontinued

"elaxation can in'ect happiness and fulfillment into your

daily routine.

#o not use a co%%a efore a conjunction if

t$e %aterial following t$e conjunction is not aco%!lete sentence.)osing your temper may get attention but usually makes

the situation worse.





PP 15-*e

Use co%%as to se!arate t$ree or %ore words"

!$rases" or clauses in a series.Include a co%%a efore t$e coordinating

conjunction.

continuedcontinued

+ays to reduce stress include yoga,meditation,and

exercise.#o not !lace a co%%a after t$e last ite% in a

series.Joanne usually chooses soup, salad,or a pasta dish for

lunch.




Correlati+e Conjunctions

PP 15-1,a

1oin words" !$rases" and sentences of e+ual

i%!ortance.'!!ear in !airs" and ot$ !arts receive t$e

sa%e attention.

both,andeither,or

whether,or

neither,nornot only,but also




Correlati+e Conjunctions

PP 15-1,b

&a%!les

EitherBernice or)auren determines the work

schedule.

*he speaker not onlydescribed the benefits of

laughter but alsorelated some personal storiesto illustrate her point.




#ubordinating Conjunctions

PP 15-11a

Introduce a de!endent clause and lin, it to an

inde!endent clause.Use a suordinating conjunction to introduce a

de!endent clause.

lace t$e co%%a after a de!endent clauset$at egins a sentence.

Whenever Lynn has a break,she takes a walk around

the block.


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#ubordinating Conjunctions

PP 15-11b

Generally" do not use a co%%a efore a

de!endent clause t$at a!!ears at t$e end of asentence.

-ur company hired Jack because he has

strong conflict resolution skills.

continuedcontinued


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Conjuncti+e d+erbs

PP 15-12a

$ow t$e relations$i! etween two inde!endent

clauses of e+ual weig$t. $e words are advers"ut t$ey also function as connectors.

Use a se%icolon efore a conjunctive adver w$en it

joins two inde!endent clauses.Use a co%%a after a conjunctive adver of two or

%ore syllales.


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Conjuncti+e d+erbs

PP 15-12b

continuedcontinued

conse+uently furt$er%ore $ence

$owever indeed instead

li,ewise %oreover nevert$eless

ot$erwise si%ilarly still

t$erefore t$us


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Conjuncti+e d+erbs

PP 15-12c

continuedcontinued

&a%!les

xercise can reduce lower&back pain; nevertheless,you should see a doctor before beginning an exercise

program.

/hris and ! planned to eat lunch together; instead,!

ate a sandwich at my desk.! felt isolated and stressed working at home;

therefore,! re#uested a transfer to a local branch

office.


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Parallelis%

PP 15-13a

arallelis% is t$e lin,ing toget$er of si%ilar

gra%%atical !arts in a sentence.o $ave !arallel sentence structure" si%ilar

constructions s$ould e connected suc$ as nouns

to ot$er nouns" vers to ot$er vers" or clauses to

ot$er clauses.oordinating conjunctions or correlative

conjunctions join t$ese !arallel !arts of a sentence.


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Parallelis%

PP 15-13b

continuedcontinued

&a%!les

"elaxation can include readingfor pleasureplayingwith your child orparticipatingin sports

activities.

-ne way to fight stress is to discuss your problems

with either a friendor a relative.(ou can calm bothyour mind andyour body by

thinking positive thoughts.


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Conjunctions and Prepositions

PP 15-1$a

#eter%ine t$e a!!ro!riate function of a word

in a sentence. o%e words %ay e ot$!re!ositions and conjunctions* for e&a%!le"

before, after, until, for, than,and since.

Use a conjunction to connect clauses.She will not load the software untilshe finishes thereport.

"ick always arrives at work afterhe drops off his

children at school.


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Conjunctions and Prepositions

PP 15-1$b

Use a !re!osition w$en an oject is e&!ressed

or understood* conjunctions do not $aveojects.

She will not load the software until0riday.

"ick always arrives at work after1 p.m.

continuedcontinued


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Try To, Be ure To, !o To

PP 15-15

#o not use e&!ressions suc$ as try and" go

and" and be sure andw$en t$e infinitive for%is needed. Use try to, go to,and be sure to.

! would like to try todetermine my own work

schedule this week.Be sure tocall me when you want to take a

break.


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"s, "s if, "s Though, Like

PP 15-1&

Use t$e conjunctions as, as if,or asthough

to introduce a suordinate clause. $e clausewill $ave a ver in it.)inda acts as ifshe is overworked.

Use t$e !re!osition liketo introduce a

!re!ositional !$rase. $e !re!ositional

!$rase will not contain a ver.2atherine wants a consulting 'ob likemine.


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"s . . . "s, o . . ."s

PP 15-1(

Use as . . . asin !ositive co%!arisons.

2aren is aseffective asJoe in handling iratecustomers.

Use so . . . asin negative co%!arisons.

2aren is not soeffective asJoe in handling iratecustomers.

#o not use e#ually as" w$ic$ is a redundant

!$rase.


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Where, That

PP 15-1)

#o not use t$e conjunction whereinstead of

thatto introduce a clause t$at includes areference to a location.

! read in a magazine thatthinking about past

mistakes causes stress. 34o not use ! read in a

magazine where . . . .5


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End o"

business conjunction

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