web viewancient greece. geography. a _____ of mountains and many surrounding small islands....
TRANSCRIPT
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Geography
A _____________________ of mountains and many surrounding small
islands.
o Surrounding seas: ___________________, Mediterranean, and
____________________.
___________ mountains, small plains areas, and rivers.
The mountains made Greek cities ___________________ and separated
from one another.
o They had to develop their own ways of life and were very independent
of each other.
Minoans
First people in the Greek area.
o 2700BC – 1450BC
Located on the southern island of ___________________.
Capital city was called _____________________________.
o Used as a center of shipping and trade.
o Able to trade with the Egyptians.
Known for beautiful pottery, gold & silver jewelry.
~1450BC the Minoans suffered a catastrophic collapse.
o _______________________________ triggered a volcano.
o Attacked by the mainland Greeks called the Mycenaeans.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Mycenaeans The _______________ of the actual Greek people.
1600BC – 1100BC
Lived on the Greek mainland, and called their area ____________________
The royalty lived in _____________________ (______________________)
palaces that were built on high hills and surrounded by giant walls.
The rest of the population lived outside the walls.
Built bee-hive shaped tombs for the royal family members.
Mycenaeans were a __________________ people who prided themselves on
their _______________________________________________.
Their murals and paintings often show war and hunting scenes.
They too had a large trading network.
o Mostly __________________________
The most famous of the military stories are read in the poetry of __________
o ______________________ (Trojan War)
o Leg by King Agamemnon, they sacked the city of ______________
around 1250BC.
o Story of the ___________________________________.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Mycenaean Greece started to show serious signs of trouble.
o The states _________________ each other.
o Major _________________________ caused damage.
o New invaders moved into northern Greece.
o Mycenae collapsed ~1100BC.
The Dark Ages
After the fall of the Mycenaeans, Greece entered a difficult time period.
o _________________________________________
o Food production dropped
Very few records of what happened.
“New Greeks” began to establish colonies in _______________________
& _____________________________ Greece.
However, the use of iron did appear during this time period.
The Greeks adopted the ______________________________________ to
give themselves a new system of writing made reading and writing
simpler.
Stories
____________________________ & ______________________________ were
epic poems written by ____________________ toward the end of the Dark Ages.
o Hoping to restore spirit to the Greek people.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
The Iliad is more of a story about the hero, ________________________,
and how his anger led to destruction.
The Odyssey is about the journey of ___________________________ as he
returns to his wife after the Trojan War.
These epic poems became texts for education in Greece because they gave
Greeks an ideal past with heroes and their spiritual mythology of the gods.
Values: ________________________, ____________________, Excellence
through struggle (________________).
Greek City-States
City-states were the central development of all Greek civilization.
o Called a _________________
o Our word “_______________________” comes from Polis.
Each polis had a meeting place set upon a high hill.
o Atop the hill was the _______________________, which was a
fortress and a religious center.
o Below that was an __________________-, an open area for a market
and assembly.
The polis was considered a community of people who shared common identities
and goals.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
____________________________ had political rights.
o Women, children, laborers, slaves, and foreigners did _________ have
political rights.
Males were allowed rights, such as _________________, but they also had
to honor their responsibilities in the military.
City-states were fiercely patriotic and loyal.
o Distrusted other city-states.
The philosopher, Aristotle, believed, “We must rather regard every citizen as
belonging to the ____________,” in order for the city-state to be strong.
However, intense competition and division among the city-states helped
bring about ancient Greece’ ruin.
Due to the structure of the city-states, a new form of military fighting
developed.
_____________________, heavily armed soldiers on foot, were sent into
battle marching shoulder-to-shoulder.
o This is called a _________________________
Government
The city-state of Athens developed the world’s very first _______________
_______________________!!!!
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
A _________________________is a government that allows “___________
_______________________________,” because the citizens can vote on
important topics.
Other city-states had ___________________________, which are
governments that have “________________________________________,”
which means only a small group of individuals will make the decisions for
the entire population.
Greek Expansion
Overpopulation, desire for farmland, lack of food, and increased trade
instigated an era of Greeks moving to distant areas and setting up new
colonies.
o Italy, France, Spain, Africa, northern Greece.
o Greeks began to rely more heavily on _______________ and
interaction with foreign people.
Most notable was a new colony called _____________________________
(660sBC), which will be the site of a new mighty empire after the fall of the
Romans.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Two Rival City-States ~ ~ ~ ~ Athens & Sparta
Athens Began as a polis with many political problems.
o King Oligarchy ________________________________
Harsh laws Possible civil war Tyranny Overthrowing rulers.
Finally a man named Cleisthenes created the ________________________
_______________________.
o Made only of ______________________________
o Had the authority to vote and pass laws after free and open debate.
Sparta
Needed more farmland, so they attacked their neighbors.
Made the neighbors peasants, called them ______________________.
o Helot means ___________________________
o Very much like slaves
Sparta was a ___________________________________, and males spent
their childhood learning military discipline.
o Stayed in the army until ___________
Spartan women had ___________________________________ than other
Greek women, but were also responsible to stay fit and raise brave sons.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Their government was an ________________________, with two kings at the top.
There was an assembly for voting, but there was _____________________
allowed.
Men known as __________________ were expected to educate the youth
and make sure all citizens had appropriate conduct.
Spartans turned their backs on the outside world.
o No _________________________________
o No _________________________________
o No new ideas
o No _____________________ or reading
o No art
_____________________________________________________________
The Greeks vs. The Persians
Eventually Greek expansion got too close to the lands controlled by Persia.
o When Athens tried to help some cities revolt, King Darius of Persia
was enraged and swore revenge.
In 490BC the Persians landed at ___________________________.
o The Athenians were outnumbered, but were able to defeat the
Persians.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
o A runner named Pheidippides ran all the way from Marathon to
Athens (______________) to tell the news that the Persians had lost.
The he ______________________________.
After Darius died Persia got a new king, Xerxes.
Xerxes also swore revenge and launched an attack on Greece.
The Greek states formed a league together – Athens, Sparta, and more.
o ______________________________ held off a massive force of
Persians while other Greek soldiers went around the Persian military.
o Unfortunately, a traitor told the Persians how to go through a secret
mountain path to outsmart the Greeks.
o In the end, the Persians _______________________ and gave up on
attacking Greece.
Classical Greece
Athens was the _________________________________.
o 300,000 population
o Most resident were not citizens.
Slavery was common.
o 100,000 slaves
o Worked in fields, or were _________________________________
o Some were owned by the state and worked construction.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Economy Based on ________________________ and __________________
o Grains, vegetables, fruit, grapes for wine, olives for olive oil.
o Sheep and goats
Had to trade for just about anything else they wanted.
Society
_______________ was the most important institution!
o Husband, wife, children
o Slaves considered part of the family number
Women could take part in ___________________________________, but
were excluded from most public life.
Women were expected to stay at home, and IF they left the home they had to
have a _____________________.
Athenian women were pressured to have ______________ children.
Women were strictly controlled!
o No personal property
o Always had a male guardian
o No education beyond music
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Athens vs. Sparta Peloponnesian War, 431BC – 404BC
Greece was divided between Athens and Sparta.
They hated each other, so war broke out.
Better army? ________________ Better navy? ______________
Athens stayed within its city’s walls because they knew the Spartans would
destroy them.
o They a __________________ hit the city and killed more than ______
of Athens.
Athens will still fight Sparta for another ______________________.
In 405BC Sparta crushed the Athenian navy.
o Athens __________________________________
o The city walls were torn down.
o The Athenian Empire was destroyed.
o The age of Classical Greece ________________________.
Due to the war, Greek city-states were weak and struggled to recover.
They did not pay attention to the growing power of ____________________
(to the north) and soon all the Greeks would lose their freedom.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Classical Greece – Religion
_________theistic
12 gods & goddesses
o Believed to live on Mount Olympus
___________________ = father of the gods
___________________ = wisdom
___________________ = sun & poetry
___________________ = moon & hunting
___________________ = war
___________________ = love
___________________ = sea & earthquakes
Festivals were held to honor the gods.
The _____________________________ (776BC) were athletic games
meant to honor the gods.
Oracles were used to reveal the future through a priest.
o Sometimes the responses were confusing and not very obvious to
understand.
_____________________ will later adopt the Greek gods and rename them.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Classical Greece – Art
Architecture
o Temples
o _________________________________
o _________________________________
o Example = _________________________________
Sculpture
o Lifelike
o Male nude form
o _______________________________________
o Achieve _________________________________________
Classical Greece – Literature
Theater & Plays
o Done in outdoor theaters as part of religious ceremonies.
o ____________ & ________________ were the most common forms.
o _________________________, written by Sophocles, is one of the
most famous plays.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
o Main themes: __________________________, individual rights,
divine forces, ____________________________________________
Historyo The practice of history – research, recording, and re-telling – was
invented in classical Greece.
o ________________________ is considered the first real historian of
the world.
Considered a master storyteller!
o ________________________ was a historian who believed that
studying the past gave humans the greatest understanding their
present.
Classical Greece – Philosophy
Philosophy: A system of thought; your thoughts on a topic. = “Love of Wisom”
Socrates
Loved to teach, but accepted no pay.
Believed in true education of the individual.
Used _______________________ to make his students figure out things for
themselves by using their own ___________________________.
o ________________________________!!
o Later, the form of ___________________ will develop.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Athenian authorities accused him of corrupting the youth by teaching them
to think for themselves, so they sentenced him to _______________ and
made him drink poison.
Plato Student of _______________________
Obsessed with the concept of _________________: How do we know what
is real?
Wrote _____________________________
o Distrusted _______________________________
o Believed there should be the royalty, the warriors, and the rest.
o To paraphrase, “accept your role in society, and society will run
smoothly.”
He did believe that men and women should have the same ______________
and equal access to all positions and jobs.
Aristotle
Student of _________________________
Believed we understand reality by examining different forms of things.
Liked to classify things based on __________________________ and
________________________.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
Stated that only in depth education and knowledge could lead to true
understanding and personal power.
Wrote _______________________o Found there are only 3 good forms of government:
______________________, ___________________________,
____________________________________
Favored constitutional government.
Hellenistic Era
Macedonia
To the _____________ of Greece.
When Greece was weakened due to the Peloponnesian War no one paid
attention to Macedonia growing in strength and power.
King Philip II came into power and crushed the Greeks to bring them under
his power.
He wanted to unite everyone and attack ________________, but before he
could order the attack he was ________________________________.
His son, _____________________, became the new king.
o He was only _________ years old!
Alexander the Great
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
_____________________________________ was very educated and
knowledgeable about military matters.
He and his army (37,000 men) entered into Turkey in 334BC.
In two years Alexander had _______________ and _________________
under his control.
o Built _______________________as the Greek capital of Egypt.
By 328BC he’d conquered the entire Persian empire and started heading
towards India.
o His soldiers refused to go further, so Alexander agreed to go home.
He returned to Babylon and planned more conquests.
o But due to exhaustion, wounds, a fever, and too much ____________,
he died in 323BC at the age of _______.
Because of Alexander’s conquests, Greek culture was wide spread to areas
of the world.
Hellenistic means “____________________________________________”
o All business was done in the _________________________________
After Alexander’s death the empire fell apart, but four kingdoms emerged as
his legacy.
o Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, Egypt
He wanted to avenge his father’s death, but also seek revenge for the Persian
burning of Athens.
World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece
o All of these were eventually conquered by the __________________
Greek Contributions
_______________________________________ = The largest library of
ancient times, and held more than 500,000 scrolls.
Astronomy = Aristarchus believed the sun was at the center of the universe,
but this idea would not be believed for quite some time.
Astronomy = _______________________ calculated the earth’s
circumference at 24,675 miles.
Mathematics = _________________ wrote a book about geometry.
Mathematics = _________________ worked on 3D geometry and
developed the value of _______.
New Philosophy = ____________________ believed that humans are free
to pursue their _____________________ and make that their goal. This
means you must pursue emotional pleasure for the goodness of yourself.
New Philosophy = ___________ believed happiness is only achieved when
you live in harmony with the _____________________________ and serve
other people.