Energy for Sustainable Villages, Nov 2015

Making Energy

Affordable

• Village "Access to Energy" Power Station Projects

Village Infrastructure Overview

Country Current scale 2016 scale

Indonesia 600 households + 2 mills 1000 households + 30 mills

Vanuatu 200 households + 2 mills 1000 households + 20 mills

Papua New Guinea 5 mills 50-100 mills or more

Honduras 150 households + 1 mill 300 households + 2 mills

Ghana 200 households 200 households

• "Access to Energy" Consulting Services– large-scale mapping and masterplanning

– local-scale mapping and network design

– field verification, design, procurement, construction, trainings

– ongoing asset management

1 billion people globally lack access

to electricity, burning

$1/week/house in kerosene lamps,

or at least $10 billion/year

~ 600,000 people, 120,000 houses

~ 40% lack access grid electricity

~ 10MW peak load for grid, diesel

~ 36,000 households offgrid

At $200/house for offgrid solution, $7.2 million required to deliver "energy for all" to offgrid portion

End use No. W W/house Hr/day Wh/day

LED lamps 6 2 12 5 60

Phone chargers 2 5 10 4 40

TV (15-inch) 1 10 10 3 30

Fan (15-inch) 1 10 10 3 30

Music system 1 10 10 3 30

Radio 1 5 5 5 25

Shared 750W 25kg/hr mill 0.04 750 30 2 60

Shared 150W 250L refrigerator (10L/house) 0.04 150 6 12 72

SUBTOTALS 93 347

Shared 2.5kW solar irrigation pump 0.04 2500 100 4.00 400

Energy demand for Access to Energy

Tiers of Energy Service

Current view of "access to energy" is still uncertain, and current thinking is based on tiers of services.

However, very focused on consumers / households

Does not account for • clinic needs for health• community mills• school equipment, comms• solar water pumping

and similar mostly community-scale needs.

Hence, "Tier 2+" suggested which includes these needsSource: https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/

1kW per 10-50 households +

1kW solar water irrigation pump?

12-60V DC = DIY installationLimits power distribution

Other limits also exist• walking distance to mill• walking distance to water• walking distance to refrigerator

inverter

Shared small village power station

SE4All Developers Atlas

> 500 layers of data> 2 million data pointsHelps define/find markets

House-mapping tool - Progress to Date>500,000 households mapped to date for various feasibility studies and clientsAverage revenue = $0.10 / house (<0.1% of the cost of bringing electricity to household)2016 target - 1 million householdsUltimate potential - 250 million offgrid households x $0.05 = $12.5 millionLaunched www.developmentmaps.org to advertise the service. Can now plan minigrid networks as well for similar $0.10/house revenue + other value-adds

Very low cost minigrid planning tool using 'R' minimum spanning tree and GIS methodologies

UN Target: "Access to Energy" for all by 2030

• Lighting + phone charging ≠ "access"

Need more than 2-10W solar lamps/kits

Possible "Access to Energy" package:

• Residential, mostly night-time needs:Lighting, phone charging, radio, fan and/or TV

• Community/business, mostly day-time needs: Refrigeration (especially for clinics), communications for market access, productive power for processing crops, carpentry, others?

= "Tier 2+" service package

= 75-150 kWh/year/house, or 25-50W/house

Why focus on solar agroprocessing?

World productionProcessing

required2008

Rank Crop (metric tons)

1 Maize/Corn 823 million thresh, grind, winnow

2 Wheat 690 million thresh, grind, winnow

3 Rice 685 millionthresh, hull, winnow,

(polish for white rice)

4 Potatoes 314 million wash, peel

5 Cassava 233 million peel, grate or slice

6 Soybeans 231 million thresh, dry, clean, press

7Sweet

potatoes110 million peel, sometimes slice

8 Sorghum 66 million thresh, grind, winnow

9 Yams 52 million peel, sometimes grate

10 Plantain 34 million peel

Average world yield

2010

(tons per hectare)

5.1

3.1

4.3

17.2

12.5

2.4

13.5

1.5

10.5

6.3

Staple Crops of the World

Source: Staple food - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.htm

60% of all food consumed

threshing maize

grating cassava / yams

pounding = grinding corn/cassava or hulling rice

grinding flour

winnowing

grating coconut

Saving 1 hour per day for 250 million women globally that lack electricity

= 100 billion hours/year of productivity

= 50 million peoples' worth of 8-hour days

= entire workforce of the UK or France

by reducing time spent processing crops, fetching water and collecting firewood

Opportunity of Productivity

Case Study - Corn Shelling

Case Study - Flour Grinding

Case Study - Rice hulling