building servies iii - elevators

7/25/2019 Building Servies III - Elevators

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BUILDING SERVICES III

ELEVATORS &

ESCALATORS


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CIRCULATION ELEMENTS IN BUILDINGS

Mechanical Elements

Lifts / Elevators Escalators

Moving Walkways

Architectural Elements

Corridors

Entrance / Door / Gate

Stairways Ramps


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ELEVATORS / LIFTS


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HISTORY


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HISTORY

!e first reference in literat"re to a liftis in t!e works of t!e Roman arc!itect#itr"vi"s$ w!o reported t!at%rc!imedes &c' ()* +C , c' (-( +C."ilt !is first lift proaly in (01 +C'

Elis!a 2tis3s invention of t!e SafetyGear in -)4( marks t!e irt! of lifts aswe know t!em'

!e E5"itale Life +"ilding completedin -)*6 in 7ew 8ork City was t!e first

office "ilding to !ave passenger lifts'!ey served ) floors'

!e allest "ilding in t!e world isc"rrently t!e +"r9 :!alifa in D"aiwit! -16 floors'


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TYPES OF ELEVATORS

;assenger lifts ,

-'


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TYPES OF ELEVATORS

2servation lifts =

Gla>ed or partiallygla>ed lift car wit!in agla>ed or open=sided liftwell'

%lso called wallclimer$scenic$ glass$ panoramicor "le lifts

Located wit!in anatri"m or e?ternal to t!e"ilding'


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TYPES OF ELEVATORS

D"mwaiter

Stair lifts

Scissor lifts


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!e car$ cales$ elevator mac!ine$control e5"ipment$ co"nterweig!ts$!oistway$ rails$ pent!o"se$ and pit aret!e principle parts of a tractionelevator installation'

!e car is a cage of fire=resistantmaterial s"pported on a str"ct"ralframe$ to t!e top memer of w!ic! t!elifting cales are fastened' +y means ofg"ide s!oes on t!e side memers$ caris g"ided in its vertical travel in t!es!aft'

!e car is provided wit! safety doors$operating=control e5"ipment$ floor=level indicators$ ill"mination$emergency e?its$ and ventilation'

TRACTION LIFT


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HOW DOES IT WORK?

!e most pop"lar elevator design is t!e ropedelevator' @n roped elevators$ t!e car is raisedand lowered y traction steel ropes'

!e ropes are attac!ed to t!e elevator car$ andlooped aro"nd a s!eave &0.'

% s!eave is 9"st a p"lley wit! grooves aro"ndt!e circ"mference' !e s!eave grips t!e !oistropes$ so w!en yo" rotate t!e s!eave$ t!e ropesmove too'

!e s!eave is connected to an electric

motor &(.' W!en t!e motor t"rns one way$ t!e s!eave

raises t!e elevatorA w!en t!e motor t"rns t!eot!er way$ t!e s!eave lowers t!e elevator'


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Cont

ypically$ t!e s!eave$ t!e motor andt!e control system &-. are all !o"sed ina mac!ine room

!e ropes t!at lift t!e car are also connectedto a co"nterweig!t &B.$ w!ic! !angs on t!e

ot!er side of t!e s!eave' !e co"nterweig!tweig!s ao"t t!e same as t!e car filled to B6=percent capacity' aove t!e elevator s!aft'

+ot! t!e elevator car and t!e co"nterweig!tride on g"ide rails &4. along t!e sides of t!eelevator s!aft' !e rails keep t!e car and

co"nterweig!t from swaying ack and fort!$and t!ey also work wit! t!e safety system tostop t!e car in an emergency'


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TRACTION LIFT

building servies iii - elevators

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