building performance assessment team
TRANSCRIPT
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
MITIGATION DIRECTORATE
OBSERVATIONS,
RECOMMENDATIONS, AND
TECHNICAL GUIDANCE
Midwest Tornadoes of May 3, 1999
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
OKLAHOMA AND KANSAS
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
FEMA Building Performance Assessment Teams
Team Members
Representatives of public and private sectors and expertise in:
structural and wind engineering
building design and construction
code development and enforcement
meteorology
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
FEMA Building Performance Assessment Teams
Team Objectives
Inspect damage to buildings
Assessment performance of buildings
Evaluate design and construction practices
Evaluate code requirements and enforcement
Make recommendations as necessary
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Background
Oklahoma / Kansas affected
May 3, 1999
Tornado warnings issued by NWS
70 tornadoes affected both states
4 violent (F4 or F5) tornadoes
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Observations Residential Building Types Inspected
single and multi-family, one- to two-story
manufactured and modular homes
accessory structures
Non- Residential Building Types Inspected
tilt-up pre-cast concrete with steel joists
load-bearing masonry walls with steel joist and pre-cast concrete hollow-core floor
pre-engineered buildings
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Observations
Windborne Debris debris can breach the building envelope that
results in overpressurization of the building
debris can cause human injury to individuals who are not in a safe shelter
missiles often completely covered the ground
in many houses, the floors were covered with small tree branches and fragments of broken framing members
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Observations - Residential
Roof and Wall Sheathing
Structural Connections
Exterior Wall Coverings
Garage Doors
Windows and Doors
Masonry Veneer / Chimneys
Manufactured Housing
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Observations - Non-Residential
Continuous Load Path
Increased Load
Building Envelope
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Observations - Personal Protection and Sheltering
Type of Shelters
Use of Shelters
Maintenance and Design Issues
Shelter Accessibility
Shelter Location
General Observations
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions
Residential Property Protection
Non-Residential Property Protection
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions
Building Codes local codes do not incorporate wind speed
design parameters used by 1997 UBC, 1997 SBC, 1996 NBC and ASCE-7-98
constructing homes to these standards would improve the strength of these structures
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Single and Multi-Family Homes
Load Path and Structural Systems Foundations performed adequately
Where failures were observed, the deficiency was the connection of the structural systems to the foundation
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Single and Multi-Family Homes
Increased Load - Breach of Envelope internal pressurization is a major
contributor to poor building performance
many building failures were caused by a breach in the building envelope
garage door failure a primary cause of building envelope breach
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Manufactured Housing
Manufactured housing did not resist wind forces as well as single-family homes
inadequate fastening of roof to wall systems
inadequate resistance to uplift and overturning provided by tie-downs
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Non-Residential Structures
Non-residential structures were as vulnerable to damage, but received less damage than residential structures Primarily due to engineering required by
model building codes
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Non-Residential Structures
Failure modes similar to residential structures lack of attention to uplift and lateral loads
no continuous load path
breach of building envelope
failure of commercial rollup doors
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Conclusions - Residential Shelters
Observed Problems: lightweight doors and hardware
poor maintenance
unprotected ventilators
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Recommendations
General recommendations for the rebuilding effort design buildings to the most current
codes and engineering standards
provide safe refuge by constructing engineered shelters
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Recommendations
Manufactured Housing
HUD should review its standards and enforcement program
Consider permanently connecting the manufactured home to its foundation
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Recommendations
Non-Residential Buildings
Threaded fasteners to attach metal decking
Essential facilities should not use aggregate and paver roof surfacing
Enhanced wind design for roof coverings
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
Recommendations
Non-Residential Buildings
Brick veneer walls system should be designed as “stand alone”
Masonry chimney design should change
Design guidelines for installation of laminated glass in essential facilities
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM
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FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY
BUILDING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT TEAM