building materials & construction part 1

7/23/2019 Building Materials & Construction Part 1

1/77

Xìz ngkj bc Vbbcgkh gs eijm bc

Z`mveb|aiszgo eizmvgia ikj ìsszvg|s x`go` }kjmv z`m _}ks `miz xgaaemaz ikj oi}sm gz zb fgkj is bkm

vbbc2

i+ _`miz`gkh

f+ \bawoivfbkizmo+ Emzia _ìnmsj+ Is|ìaz _`gkhams


2/77

X`w gs z`mvm i kmmj zb |vbgjm s|iogkh gkfmzxmmk s`mmzs bc |bawoivfbkizmvbbcgkh2

X`iz gs z`m xgjz` bc i Abkhs|ik H+G+22


3/77

X`iz gs }smj cbv Ia}egk}e Vbbcgkhobksgszgkh bc i |gk `mij ikj i abkhs`ikn2

i+ Fagkj Vgmzf+ \gk Vgmz

o+ Fbazj+ Zmnsovmx


4/77

X`iz gs }smj zb s}||bvz \}vagks bk iXbbjmk Vbbc Cviem2

i+ Fagkj Vgmzf+ \gk Vgmz

o+ Fbazj+ Zmnsovmx


5/77

X`iz ivm abkhgz}jgkia emefmvs bk zb| bcO`bvjs s}||bvzgkh z`m Vbbc2

i+ \}vagksf+ Dbgszo+ Viczmvj+ Zmnsovmx


6/77

Xìz eizmvgia gs }smj cbv \}vagks bc H+G+Vbbcgkh2

i+ Agh`z Hi}hm Emzia Oìkkmaf+ _zikjivj _zmma Oìkkmao+ X%Caikhm

j+ Vgjhm Vbaa


7/77

X`iz zw|m bc Kiga gs }smj cbv Is|`iaz_`gkhams2

i+ Obeebk Xgvm Kigaf+ Maiszbemvgoo+ _zi|am Xgvm

j+ Obkovmzm Kiga


8/77

Xìz gs z`m Ijikzihm bc Abkhs|ikVbbcgkh2

Xìz gs z`m _zikjivj Xgjz` bc iObvv}hizmj H+G+ _`mmz2

Xìz gs i swszme bc zvgikhams }smj zbs}||bvz bc vbbc2


9/77

I f}khiabx `b}sm gs obkszv}ozmj fmzxmmkzxb 6%szbvmw `b}sms! xìz gs z`m fmsz

Vbbcgkh eizmvgia zb fm }smj2

i+ Agh`z Hi}hm Emzia Oìkkmaf+ _zikjivj _zmma Oìkkmao+ X%Caikhmj+ Vgjhm Vbaa


10/77

X`go` iebkh z`m hgmk gs z`m fmszgks}aizgkh eizmvgia2

i+ Cmaz \i|mvf+ Nvicz \i|mv

o+ Cbgaj+ Ia}egk}e


11/77

Fmsz vbbcgkh cbv i `b}sm aboizmj iz iObiszia Ivmi+

Obkmvsgbk bc Vbbcgkh Hi}hm zb gko` zbee (_ie|am4 Hi}hm635


12/77

X`iz Vbbcgkh eizmvgia gs fmz s}gzmj cbvik gkj}szvgia |aikz x`mvm`itivjb}s"zbpgo c}ems ivm megzzmj2

i+ \bawoivfbkizm Vbbcgkhf+ Obvv}hizmj H+G+ Vbbcgkho+ \aigk Hiaikgtmj Gvbk _`miz`

j+ Ia}egk}e


13/77

X`iz zw|m bc Vbbcgkh eizmvgia gs bmvfinmj ikj gs xizmv|vbbc2

i+ _`gkhamsf+ Zmh}aio+ Abkh _|ik Vbbcgkhj+ Oaiw Vbbc Zgam


14/77

X`iz gs z`m fmsz aboizgbk cbv i VbbcGks}aizgbk2

i+ Fmzxmmk z`m Vbbc ikj z`m Omgagkhf+ Bk z`m Omgagkho+ Vgh`z fmabx z`m Vbbc

j+ Vbbc Mims


15/77

Gz gs }smj cbv s`mjjgkh vigkxizmv sb iszb nmm| gz cvbe v}kkgkh jbxk i xiaa bvcvbe mkzmvgkh i szgaa+

X`iz jb wb} oiaa ik b|mkgkh gk i xiaabv |ivi|mz z`iz iaabxs xizmv zb jvigk

cvbe i vbbc2


16/77

Ebsz obeebk vbbcgkh sgtm

i+ 3e%96ef+ 3e%9:eo+ 3e%9


17/77

Egkge}e mkj ai||gkh cbv obvv}hizmj H+G+Vbbcgkh

i+ ?


18/77

Egkge}e sgjm ai||gkh cbv obvv}hizmj H+G+Vbbcgkh

i+ 9 f+ 6o+ 6 j+ ?


19/77

H}zzmv ikj Vbbc Ioomssbvgms ivm

i+ Z`gonmv z`ik vbbcf+ Z`gkkmv z`ik vbbco+ My}ia gk z`gonkmssj+


20/77

X`iz zw|m bc H}zzmv gs gksziaamj gk s}o` ixiw z`iz gs `gjjmk x`mk gmxmj cvbez`m vbbc mjhm2

i+ Gksgjm H}zzmvf+ @ikh%bk H}zzmv

o+ Siaamw H}zzmvj+


21/77

X`iz gs z`m seiaamsz h}zzmv sgtm2

i+ 96f+ 6:o+ :0

j+ Kbkm bc z`m ifbm


22/77

X`mk i Siaamw H}zzmv iaxiws

mp|mvgmkoms cabbjgkh ikj bmvcabx!x`iz xgaa fm z`m ebsz mccmozgm xiw bczvmizgkh gz gk bvjmv zb vmemjw gz ikj

iasb2

i+ 96

f+6:

o+ :0j+ Kbkm bc z`m ifbm


23/77

X`iz gs z`m seiaamsz h}zzmv sgtm2

Isgjm cvbe Vbbcgkh |}v|bsms! x`mvm oik

wb} }sm \bawoivfbkizm2

_z}jw Cais`gkh"Ob}kzmv Cais`gkh"ObvkmvCais`gkh


24/77

Vbbc bc mkzvw bc agh`z

i+ Oamvmszbvwf+ _nwagh`zo+ Zvgcbvg}ej+ Haiss


25/77

I szmma smozgbk x`go` gs obeebkaw }smjcbv _nwagh`z2

i+ Z}f}aivf+ Ikh}aivo+ O%O`ikkma

j+


26/77

I zi|mvmj! smeg%owagkjvgoia vbbcgkh zgam aigjobkmp sgjm }| zb bmvai| |aikngkh!

sgegaiv zgams aigj obkoim sgjm }|+

i+ Egssgbk Zgamsf+ \ikzgams

o+ Vbeik Zgamsj+


27/77

I eizmvgia }smj cbv vbbcgkh z`iz emazsx`mk mp|bsmj zb z`m _}k! `mkom gs

zvikscbvemj is bkm+

i+ H+G+f+ \bawoivfbkizm

o+ Is|`iazj+


28/77

Gk |bawoivfbkizm vbbcgkh! x`w gs z`mvm ikmmj zb |vbgjm hi|s

i+ Cbv smiaikzf+ Cbv z`mveia mp|iksgbko+ Cbv obbagkh mccmoz

j+ Cbv hvmmkmv mccmoz


29/77

X`iz gs hiaikgtmj2

i+ Tgko obizmj bk bkm sgjmf+ Tgko obizmj bk zxb sgjmso+

j+


30/77

Vbbcgkh eizmvgia }smj cbv snwagh`zs

X`iz gs z`m obvvmoz aboizgbk cbv vbbcgkh

gks}aizgbk2


31/77

Cbv i szv}oz}vm kmiv z`m smi! x`iz gs z`mfmsz zw|m bc vbbcgkh2

i+ Is|`iaz Vbbcgkhf+ Hiaikgtmj Gvbk Vbbcgkho+ Obkovmzmj+ Cgfmv Omemkz Fbivj


32/77

Gc z`m |vbdmoz gs =


33/77

X`mvm gs z`m h}zzmv izzio`mj2

i+ Cisogi Fbivjf+ \}vagkso+ Oamizsj+


34/77

@bx ivm H}zzmvs dbgkmj2

i+ Ia}egk}e Vgmzs

f+ Zmnsovmxo+ S}aoismiaj+


35/77

Ik gvbk obizmj xgz` gvbk gs oiaamj

i+ Hiaikgtmjf+ Tgkomjo+ Ob||mvmjj+ Cmvvb}s


36/77

Eizmvgia zb ciszmk H+G+

i+ Vgmz

f+ _zi|amo+ Iomzmawk Zbvo`j+ _bajmvgkh Gvbk


37/77

]smj zb obkkmoz H+G+ Vbbcgkh zb _zmma\}vagk

i+ _mac Zi||gkh sovmxf+ _zi|amo+ Iomzmawk Zbvo`

j+ _bajmvgkh Gvbk


38/77

Fmsz vbbcgkh eizmvgia cbv i `b}sm kmiv `msmis`bvm+

X`iz gs z`m eipge}e amkhz` bc abkh s|ik

vbbc2


39/77

_z}jw ifb}z viczmv+ I viczmv gs bkm bc ismvgms bc sab|mj szv}oz}via emefmvs!

z`iz mpzmkj cvbe z`m vgjhm bv `g| zb z`mjbxk sab|m |mvgemzmv bv mim! jmsghkmjzb s}||bvz z`m vbbc jmon ikj gzsissbogizmj abijs+


40/77

X`iz gs z`m fmzzmv xiw bc gks}azgkh z`mvbbc2

i+ Vbbcgkh s`mmz! ik igv s|iom bv hi|!z`mk ia}egk}e gks}aizgbkf+ Vbbcgkh s`mmz xgz` ia}egk}e gks}aizgbk

}kjmvkmiz`o+j+


41/77

Gjmkzgcw z`m cgh}vm s`bxk


42/77

Gz gs }smj zb izzio` ia}egk}e h}zzmv bvvbbc+

i+ Vgmzsf+ _ovmxso+ Kigas

j+ Xmaj


43/77

X`mvm gs h}zzmv izzio`mj2

i+ Cisogi Fbivjf+ Zb| \aizmo+ Fizzmv Fbivjs

j+ Omgagkh Dbgszs


44/77

Cvbe z`m cgh}vm s`bxk! `bx gs z`m Zb|O`bvj obkkmozmj zb z`m FbzzbeO`bvj2

i+ H}ssmz \aizmf+ Vgmzs bkaw

o+ _ovmxs bkawj+ Xmajmj


45/77

Zw|m bc vbbcgkh gk cbvmszmj ivmi _zmm|Hifam Vbbc

X`iz oik fm ik iazmvkizgm cbv obkkmozgkhz`m zv}ss emefmvs2

X`iz vbbc gs fmsz cbv i Obzzihm gk i vmsbvz2


46/77

_zmma obizmj xgz` Tgko gs iasb oiaamj x`iz2

i+ Hiaikgtmjf+ \bxjmv%obizmjo+ _zigkamssj+ Xvb}h`z


47/77

X`iz gs z`m obeemvogia amkhz` bc i abkhs|ik vbbcgkh2

i+ 90ef+ 9


48/77

Gjmkzgcw z`m zw|m bc Vbbc Zv}ss sbxk gk z`mcgh}vm


49/77

X`go` vbbcgkh eizmvgia gs fmsz cbv i Fmio`Vmsbvz @b}sm2

i+ _`gkhamsf+ Emzia Jmon

o+ Abkh _|ik H+G+j+ \bawoivfbkizm


50/77

X`mk jb }sm z`m sih vbj! ovbss

fviom! oamizs (xiai si kbzms |mvbki%jgso}ss si amoz}vms++ Fm nmmk siegk}zm jmzigas si amoz}vms s|mogiaaw

z`m nxmkzbsn}kh jg ni kiniziefiwsi cgmaj |mvb n}kh bk%sgzmzvigkgkh"mp|mvgmkom ni z`gs mpie gsmvw misw+ Idmdmdm+'


51/77

X`iz vbbc gs gjmia cbv i Hvmmk @b}sm2

i+ _`gkhams

f+ Emzia Jmono+ Abkh _|ik H+G+j+ \bawoivfbkizm


52/77

X`go` zw|m bc vbbc gs gjmia cbv sgjmxian2

i+ O}vgagkmiv H+G+ _`mmz

f+ \bawoivfbkizmo+ _aizmj+ Obkovmzm


53/77

X`iz vbbc xgaa wb} vmobeemkj cbv iXivm`b}sm"Ciozbvw2

i+ _`gkhamsf+ Emzia Jmono+ Abkh _|ik H+G+

j+ \bawoivfbkizm


54/77

Hgmk i jmziga xgz` emis}vmemkzs gk z`mMkhags` swszme! gjmkzgcw z`memis}vmemkzs! gk Emzvgo swszme! bc

z`m cbaabxgkh |ivzs4

i+ Viczmv

f+ Obaaiv \aizmo+ Xmf Emefmvj+ \}vagks


55/77

Gjmkzgcw z`m |ivz s`bxk gk z`m cgh}vm


56/77

Gjmkzgcw z`m |ivzs bc z`m zv}ssms s`bxk gkz`m cgh}vm


57/77

X`iz gs z`m jgccmvmkom fmzxmmk z`m ViczmvVbbc Zv}ss ikj z`m _zikjivj VbbcZv}ss2


58/77

i+ Viczmv Zv}ss gs i swszme bc Viczmvs zìzsmvm is z`m |vgeivw s}||bvz bc z`mVbbc+ X`gam fbz` ivm zvgikh}aiv

sì|mj! zv}ssms ìm ebvm zvgikh}aivmamemkzs gksgjm z`m eigk cviemxbvn+


59/77

Gc wb} xikz zb `im ik mp|bsmj zv}ssswszme cbv wb}v vbbc! x`go` szmmasmozgbk xb}aj fm fmsz zb }sm2

i+Z}f}aivf+O%O`ikkma

o+ Gj+Ikh}aiv


60/77

@miz ifsbvfgkh Haiss xgz` fa}m hvmmk

bv hviw obabv vmcamozs `miz obegkhgkzb i s|iom+ Z`gs gs fmoi}sm bc gzs

RRRRRRRRR+

i+ _zvmkhz` bc _zvmssf+ O`megoia Obe|bsgzgbk ikj Obabvo+ Xmgh`z ikj Jmksgzwj+ Z`gonkmss


61/77

X`iz jb wb} oiaa z`m gksziaaizgbk bc haiss2

Gz gs }smj zb o}z haiss

X`iz gs i Zme|mvmj Haiss2


62/77

X`iz jb wb} oiaa i zw|m bc Haiss xgz`egkgeia Jgszbvzgbk2

i+ \aizmf+ _`mmz

o+ Cabizj+ _}kjim


63/77

Xìz jbms i Jb}fam Gks}aizgkh Haiss

ìm zìz gs ifam zb amz s`bvzximamkhz`s z`v} s}o` is agh`z f}zfabons abkh ximamkhz`s s}o` is

}azvigbamz `miz2

i+ ]azvigbamz Cgazmvf+ Abx M%haisso+ Vijgizgbk Vmsgszikzj+ ]azvigbamz Vmsgszikz


64/77

Haiss Fabons

Jgccmvmkz Zw|ms bc Haiss

Jb}fam Haitgkh


65/77

Xìz jbms Cgvm%vmsgszgm haiss

obkzigk gk z`m hi| fmzxmmk zxb haiss|ikmas zìz bz`mv haiss jbms kbzìm2

i+ Igvf+ \SF Aiwmvo+ Xizmvj+ Oivfbk


66/77

X`iz xgaa `i||mk zb fvgh`zaw obabvmj

|ionihms gk i jgs|aiw xgkjbx x`mkz`mw ivm obkszikzaw mp|bsmj zbs}kagh`z2


67/77

Gk i vmcamozgm haiss! x`iz xgaa wb} smmiz ivb}kj 0|e x`mk wb} ivm gksgjmikj z`m agh`zs ivm bk2


68/77

Ik bwszmv s`maa }smj gk xgkjbx |ikmsgk agm} bc haiss+ Gz cgazmvs agh`z # iozsis i |vbzmozgm fivvgmv+

Jgsvmhivjgkh oikb|w! x`iz xb}aj fmz`m fmsz zw|m bc xgkjbx ihigksz vigk2


69/77

Wb} xmvm obeegssgbkmj zb jmsghk iE}sm}e cbv Kizgbkia Ivzs+ Gz xgaa`im i jgs|aiw ivmi x`mvm vivmivzgciozs ivm zb fm s`bxoismj+

i+ Cabiz Haissf+ \aizm Haiss

o+ _`mmz Haissj+ Xgvm Haiss


70/77

Cbv i `gh`%vgsm f}gajgkh ikjobksgjmvgkh sicmzw! x`iz xb}aj fmz`m ebsz mobkbegoia ikj mccmozgmzw|m bc xgkjbx ihigksz vigk2


71/77

Wb} xmvm obeegssgbkmj zb jmsghk iE}sm}e cbv Kizgbkia Ivzs+ Gz xgaa`im i jgs|aiw ivmi x`mvm vivmivzgciozs ivm zb fm s`bxoismj+

i+ Cabiz Haissf+ \aizm Haiss

o+ _`mmz Haissj+ Xgvmj Haiss


72/77

X`iz gs z`m fmsz haiss }smj cbv _`bxmv_ziaa2

i+ Xgvmj Haissf+ Mzo`mj Haisso+ Zmpz}vmj Haiss

j+ Zme|mvmj Haiss


73/77

X`iz jb wb} oiaa mzo`gkh haiss2

i+ Ikkmiamj Haissf+ \aizm Haisso+ Caiz Haissj+ \izzmvk Haiss


74/77

Gz gs i zw|m bc haiss }smj gk Cgvm%mpgz Jbbvs

i+ Xgvmjf+ Cabizo+ Caizj+ \izzmvk


75/77

X`iz haiss gs }smj x`mk jgszbvzgbk gs kbzge|bvzikz2

i+ \aizmf+ _`mmzo+ Cabizj+ \izzmvk


76/77

@bx ivm gks}aizgkh haissms

sm|ivizmj2 (fw io}}e"`mvemzgoiaaw%smiamj s|ioms'

Agegzizgbk bc Haiss Fabon is obkszv}ozgbkeizmvgia

Gk i a}p}vw s`bx vbbe! x`iz zw|m bc haisss`b}aj fm }smj2


77/77

i+ Aiegkizmj bv _icmzw haiss % obksgszs bczxb bv ebvm |agms bc caiz haiss fbkjmj}kjmv `miz ikj |vmss}vm zb gkzmvaiwmvs bc|bawgkwa f}zwvia vmsgk zìz vmzigks z`mcvihemkzs gc z`m haiss gs fvbnmk+ _mo}vgzwhaiss gs aiegkizmj haiss zìz ìs

mpom|zgbkia zmksgam ikj ge|ioz szvmkhz`+

building materials & construction part 1

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