build it yourself electric motor investigatory project

8/9/2019 Build it Yourself Electric Motor Investigatory Project

1/29

INK MADE FROM TEA BAGS

Presented to the High School Department of

College of San Benildo Rizal

Sumulong Highway, Antipolo City

An n!estigatory Pro"ect in Partial #ul$llment

of the Re%uirements in

Science and &echnology '

Prepared (y)

*acalinao, Charles Adam

+a!arro, #aisal dwin B-

Pineda, Anton Christ A-

Bena!idez, Chrislen *ae B-

Peralta, Patricia .asmin C-

Su(mitted to)

*s- Renne Carla Collado

.anuary /012


2/29

Abstract&he researchers started their research with only two goals3 that is to

(uild and understand an electric motor- n the process of doing so, the

researchers found se!eral pro(lems to sol!e- &he %uestions are) 1- 4ill the

motor mo!e slower if it used a lower !oltage3 And lastly, /- 4ill the

electromagnet go hotter as the motor run in time3

&o (e fully a(le to understand how an electric motor wor5s, the

researchers needed to 5now their capacities, thus using common materials

such as scraps and materials in their respecti!e homes- &he researchers had

to limit themsel!es to two set ups) 1- with a 1-2 !olts (attery3 and /- with a

6-0 !olts (attery- Before proceeding to (uilding an electric motor, the

researchers had to start with the (asics, the history of the electric motor-

Continuous production of electricity was $rst disco!ered in year 1700 (y

Allessandro 8olta, using a stac5 of sil!er and zinc plates- 9ear 17/0, :ersted

$nds the generation of a magnetic $eld (y electric currents (y o(ser!ation of

the de;ection of a compass needle- !er since the disco!ery of the magnetic

$eld, scientists continuously e


3/29

were made- 9ears after the two>phase system was in!ented then a later,

newer model came called the three>phase system-

&he researchers used the following materials) copper wire, aluminum

sheet, 1-2 !olts (attery, 6-0 !olts (attery, cor5, magnets, needle, metal nail,

and wood- &o assem(le, what they did was to wrap the nail with tape and

co!ered it with wire, put it on a piece of wood, screwed it in place- &hey stic5

the needle in the middle of the cor5 and made sure it came out on the other

center of the cor53 they attached the magnets with repelling sides on the

cor5- &hey put the stator and rotor together with the electromagnet as close

as possi(le to the permanent magnets on the rotor- ?astly they connect (oth

of the wires from the electromagnet to the (attery and tested the product-

&he results are that the researchers@ product is a success for an

a!erage electric motor- &he size had huge dierence and the speed of the

researchers@ product is '00RP*- &he materials used (y the researchers

compared to the actual motor are more common (ut almost the same

materials were used


4/29

i

Acknowledgements

&he researchers wish to e


5/29

ii

Table of ontents

Chapter 1)

ntroduction

-1

1- &he Pro(lem and ts

Bac5ground1/- :("ecti!es of the

Study---

/6- Signi$cance of the

Study---/=- Scope and

?imitations

6

Chapter /) Conceptual #ramewor5


6/29

2- Re!iew of Related

?iterature-=- Conceptual

#ramewor5

-EE- De$nition of

&erms

--7

Chapter 6)

*ethodology

---'

Chapter =) Presentation, Analysis and nterpretation of

Data--16

7- Presentation of

Data

16'- Analysis and nterpretation of

Data12

Chapter 2) Conclusion , Recommendation, and

Bi(liography--1

Appendices-1'

iii


7/29

!a"ter #Introd$ct%on

&roblem and %ts Backgro$nd

lectric motor is used to con!ert electrical energy into mechanical

energy- *ost electric motors operate through interaction of magnetic $elds

and current carrying conductors to generate force-

lectric motors ha!e (een a part of our modern society- &he appliances

that we used in our home ha!e electric motor inside such as hair dryer,

electric fan, e

condition, heater, refrigerator and many more- t also used in electric

transportation li5e electri$ed train, su(ways, ele!ators and escalators-

Before, electric motor e%uipment in factories may ha!e (een run with steam,

compressed air or with (ig (elts that drew power from rotating shafts near

the ceiling- t was dangerous and noisy- +ow, with the in!ention of electric

motor, our li!es (ecome easier and more comforta(le-

lectric motors applied in agriculture eliminated human and animal muscle

power from such tas5s as handling grain or pumping water- Household uses

of electric motors reduced hea!y la(or in the home and made higher

standards of con!enience, comfort and safety possi(le- &oday, electric

motors consume more than half of all electric energy produced-


8/29

n our pro"ect, (y using some scrap materials, we will go to (uild a simple

electric motor- &o (e a(le to understand how electric motor wor5s-

1

Ob'ect%(e of t!e St$d)

&he researcher@s study aims to 5now if they can (uild and understand

how an electric motor wor5s- &he researchers want to 5now if their electric

motor (e eFcient compared to a regular electric motor- 4hile doing this, the

researchers will try to answer the following %uestions) 1-4ill the motor mo!e

slower if it used a lower !oltage (atteryG

/-Can the electromagnet go hotter as the motor run in timeG

S%gn%*cance of t!e St$d)

&his in!estigatory pro"ect aims to the people who wishes learn more

a(out engineering- specially those who studies electromagnetism- &hey can

(ene$t from this (ecause they can properly see how the motor and its

necessary parts ma5e the electric motor wor5-


9/29

/

Sco"e and +%m%tat%on

&he purpose of this study is to see if the researchers can

successfully ma5e a fully operational electric motor- f the motor failed, the

researchers will $nd try to $nd the source of the pro(lem and see if the

researchers can $< it- &he research will only limit itself to only a simple motor

and not going too in depth- &he researchers will limit themsel!es to use

materials that can come from scrap or anything that can (e found in their

house-

&he researchers will limit themsel!es to / set ups

:ne) with a 1-2! (attery

&wo) with a 6-0! (attery


10/29

6

!a"ter , once"t$al Framework

Re(%ew of Related +%terat$re

#or the $rst time in year 1700, Allessandro -oltaproduces a

continuous electrical power from a stac5 of sil!er and zinc plates - During

17/0, Hans ChristianOersted$nds the generation of a magnetic $eld (y

electric currents (y o(ser!ation of the de;ection of a compass needle- &his

was the $rst time a mechanical mo!ement was caused (y an electric current-

A !ertically suspended wire mo!es in a circular or(it around a magnet-

4illiam St$rgeon in!ents the electromagnet, a coil of wires with an iron

core to enhance the magnetic $eld during 17/2 to

17/- *ichael Farada)disco!ers and in!estigates electromagnetic

induction, i-e- the generation of an electric current due to a !arying magnetic

$eld- #araday lays the foundation for the de!elopment of the electric

generator- n the early years of electrical engineering it was strictly

distinguished (etween the magnetic>electro machines, i-e- electric


11/29

generators, and electro>magnetic machines, i-e- electric motors- Heinrich

#riedrich mil?enzIermanJ found the Klaw of reciprocity of the magneto-

electric and electromagnetic phenomenaK, i-e- the re!ersi(ility of electric

generator and motor- His scienti$c te


12/29

Mntil the growth of the power grid in the 17'0s most people Imiddle and low

classesJ e!en in cities did not ha!e the electric light in the home- #or more

detail on the earliest motors read our pages on .oseph Henry and &homas

Da!enport- Ro(ert Da!idson also de!eloped electric motors since 176E- He

made se!eral dri!es for a lathe and model !ehicles- n 176' Da!idson

manages the construction of the $rst electrically powered car- #riedrich

!on .efner/Alteneck0 a close associate of 4erner Siemens, (egins with the

de!elopment of the anchor drum motor during 17E/- He wraps wire

completely around a cylinder>shaped anchor- &hus the dou(le>& anchor

machine is impro!ed and can now also produce a smooth DC !oltage- n

17E2 he gets the pro(lem of eddy currents under control (y using iron wires

instead of solid iron for the magnetic core-

2

n 177E +i5ola &esla $les the $rst patents for a two>phase AC system

with four electric power lines, which consists of a generator, a transmission

system and a multi>phase motor- #riedrich August .aselwander from

:en(urgNBaden is the $rst one with the idea to use a three>phase

alternating current system in .uly 177E-


13/29

Dobro(olsk)is the $rst to realize, that a three>phase system

connected in star or delta re%uires only three lines and thus is less ephase system- n A$g$st #112he recei!es a patent on the

in!ention of the three>legged three>phase transformer- &his is the (eginning

of the world wide success of the three>phase alternating current system-

Mnder the leadership of Dol%(o/Dobrowolsk)and together with

the Masc!%nenfabr%k Oerl%konand its chief engineer !arles E3+3 Brown,

the AEG(uilds the $rst three>phase electric power transmission line in 17'1

o!er 1E2 5m from ?auen to #ran5furt am *ain, which later reached a

remar5a(le eFciency of 'O- &he line could deli!er up to //0 54 output

power and was operated at !oltages up to /2 58- #i!e years later

in late #124, the $rst M-S- american electric power line is inaugurated- Built

(y Teslaand 5est%ng!o$seit leads from the +iagara #alls to Bualo, +9

o!er a distance of // miles I62 5mJ- &his line is also a three>phase system,

which &esla has learned to appreciate in the meantime- Howe!er, three

indi!idual single>phase transformers were used at (oth ends of the line as

the ad!antageous three>legged transformer construction had (een patented

(y Do(ro!ols5y- &he +iagara #alls line can deli!er an output power up to E20

54 at !oltages up to 11 58-

once"t$al FrameworkIN&6T

Mater%als7

Piece of wood

?ong nail

Spool of copper wire

*agnets

4ine cor5

/ 1-2! Battery


14/29

E

De*n%t%on of Terms

&ROESS

4rap nail with wire

lue magnets intocor5

Stic5 the needle into

the cor5

Attach e!erythininto a piece of wood

O6T&6T

Electr%c

Motor


15/29

*agnetic #ield > is a $eld produced (y mo!ing electric charges, (y electric

$elds that !ary in time, and (y the LintrinsicL magnetic $eld of elementary

particles associated with the spin of the particle

Stator > is the stationary part of a rotor system, found in an electric

generator, electric motor and (iological rotors

Rotor > the non>stationary part of an alternator or electric motor, operating

with a stationary element called the stator

*agnet > is a material or o("ect that produces a magnetic $eld

&hree>phase System using three alternating !oltages of the same fre%uency

&wo>phase System using two alternating !oltages of the same fre%uency

7

!a"ter 8 Met!odolog)


16/29

*aterials to (uild the motor)

&hree pieces of magnet-

Spool of copper wire

A cor5 from a (ottle of wine or champagne

+eedle or wire- t must (e longer than the cor5-

&wo 1-2 !olts (attery

&ape- lectrical is ad!ised, (ut scotch or mas5ing tape is $ne-

?ong nail for electromagnet-

Piece of wood for the (ase

*etal screw

Scrap of wood and aluminium sheet as a (rac5et


17/29

'

&roced$res

1-&a5e a nail and wrap it with tape to ma5e a layer a(out 1N/K I1/mmJ

thic5 in diameter at the distance of 1 /K I6>2cmJ from the head of the

nail- 9FIG A:

/- Mse most of the spool of wire to wrap around the area (etween the

thic5 layer of tape and the head of the nail- ICut and lea!e a piece of wire

a(out 10K I/2cmJ long you will need it laterJ- &ape the ends of the coil to

the same layer of tape lea!ing open ends of wire a(out 10K I/2cmJ long-

Remo!e a(out 1 1N/K I=cmJ of the insulation from the wire tips with a

sharp 5nife-


18/29

10

6- Put the open end of the nail to a small piece of wood and screw it to

ma5e sure it will not mo!e-

=- &a5e the cor5 and stic5 the needle or wire through the center on one

side and ma5e sure that it comes out in the center as well- 9FIG B:

2- #ind the same poles on the magnets and mar5 them- Same poles

I+orth +orth, or South SouthJ repel, while dierent poles attract- #ind

two repelling sides they should face outside- lue the magnets to the

opposite sides of the cor5- t really does not matter if +orth or South poles

are facing up as long as they are the same- 9FIG :


19/29

11

- &a5e the 10K I/2cmJ piece of wire Isee step /J and remo!e a(out 1

1N/K I=cmJ of insulation o (oth ends- 4ind one (are end tightly around

an outside contact of the magnetic switch- 9FIG D:

E- Put the stator Ithe electromagnet on the (aseJ and the rotor Ithe cor5

with the needle and attached magnetsJ together- Position the

electromagnet as close as possi(le to the permanent magnets on the

rotor-

7- Before connecting e!erything together connect (oth wires from the

electromagnet to the (attery- f the electromagnet doesn@t repel the

permanent magnets away, switch the wires- 4hen it repels, disconnect

one wire and connect it to the magnetic switch- Connect the other end of

the magnetic switch to the (attery-


20/29

1/

!a"ter ; Res$lts and D%sc$ss%on

&he researchers tested the eFciency of their product !s a standard dc

motors- &he researchers gathered its speed, size, comple


21/29

Regular motor Isize 160J 1000 up to /0000 rpm

Size

&he researcher@s motor //2cm < 170cm < =0cmRegular motor Isize 160J /E-2mm < /0mm < 12mm

16

Comple1/! a!erage

100! ma


22/29

1=

Higher !oltage ma5es the motor runs faster-

1-2 !olts (attery >>>>>>> the cor5 rotates slower

6-0 !olts (attery >>>>>>> the cor5 rotates faster

lectromagnet (ecomes hotter as the motor runs-

Anal)s%s of Data

&he researchers tested their electric motor to see if it is as eecti!e as

the electric motors found in the mar5et- &o do this, the researchers made a

side (y side comparison of its characteristics) size, speed, comple


23/29

12

!a"ter < S$mmar)0 oncl$s%on and

Recommendat%on

S$mmar)

&he researchers ha!e seen that their electric motor is eecti!e in

replicating the characteristics of a regular electric motor- And one can ma5e

it out of only scrap materials found normally at home-

oncl$s%on

4ith that in mind, the researchers can $nally conclude that (uilding a

simple electric motor can (e done- Also, one can learn how an electric motor

wor5s "ust (y (uilding one

Recommendat%on

Due to past results of testing, the researchers recommend using a

thic5 copper wire- Because thin wires might su("ect to (rea5ing- Also, the

researchers recommend $nding a cor5 that has the right size to pre!ent

shaping it to $t-


24/29

1

B%bl%ogra"!)

4isegee5-org

4i5ipedia-org

Adafruit-com

tp-nyu-edu

Allelectronics-com

Baldor-com

4i5ihow-com

*icromo-com

Answers-yahoo-com

disontechcenter-org

ti-5it-edu

Clear-rice-edu


25/29

1E

A""end%ces

Copper 4ire Aluminum Sheet

1-2! Battery Cor5 with *agnet


26/29

17

+eedle *etal +ail

Piece of 4ood *agnet


27/29

1'


28/29

- *otor Side 8iew

# A

/0

# B


29/29

# C

# D

/1

build it yourself electric motor investigatory project

Documents