Prepared by Tan Hee Chai

Dry pipe Sprinkler systems

Dry pipe Sprinkler systems

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Once this happens, the air escapes and the dry pipe valve releases.

Water then enters the pipe, flowing through open sprinklers onto the fire.

Dry pipe Sprinkler systems

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Check Valve

Dry pipe Valve

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a valve that normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction.Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications.

Dry pipe Sprinkler Systems - Pipework & sprinkler heads

A fire sprinkler or sprinkler head is the component of a fire sprinkler system that discharges water when the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined temperature has been exceeded.

Sprinkler Pendant 

DescriptionThe FA003U/FA004U Standard/Quick

Response Upright and FA005P/FA006P Standard/Quick

Response Pendent Sprinklers (Ref. Figure A) are automatic sprinklers of

the frangible bulb type. They are “standard/quick response – standard

orifice spray sprinkler” intended for use in fire sprinkler systems designed

in accordance with the standard installation rules recognized by the

applicable Listing or Approval agency (e.g., UL Listing is based on NFPA 13 requirements). The Upright,

Pendent Sprinklers all produce a hemispherical water distribution

pattern below the deflector.

Sprinkler Upright 

DescriptionThe FA003U/FA004U

Standard/Quick Response Upright and FA005P/FA006P

Standard/Quick Response Pendent Sprinklers (Ref. Figure A) are automatic sprinklers of the

frangible bulb type. They are “standard/quick response –

standard orifice spray sprinkler” intended for use in fire sprinkler

systems designed in accordance with the standard installation rules

recognized by the applicable Listing or Approval agency (e.g., UL

Listing is based on NFPA 13 requirements). The Upright, Pendent

Sprinklers all produce a hemispherical water distribution

pattern below the deflector.

Sprinkler systems – Sprinkler heads

Sprinkler SidewallDescription

Horizontal sidewall sprinklers are generally used in lieu of pendent and upright sprinklers because of

building construction or installation economy considerations. They are

designed for installation along a wall or the side of a beam and just

beneath a smooth ceiling. Installed with their center line of

waterway horizontal, these sprinklers produce a quarter-

spherical water discharge pattern that is predominately directed

downward and outward from the deflector; however, a portion of

the spray is also directed towards the back wall.

Sprinkler systems

Maximum Ceiling Temperature Temperature Rating

Temperature Classification

Color Code (with Fusible Link)

Liquid Alcohol in Glass Bulb Color

100 °F / 38 °C 135-170 °F / 57-77 °C Ordinary Uncolored or BlackOrange (135 °F / 57 °C) or Red (155 °F / 68 °C)

150 °F / 66 °C 175-225 °F / 79-107 °C Intermediate WhiteYellow (175 °F / 79 °C) or Green (200 °F / 93 °C)

225 °F / 107 °C 250-300 °F / 121-149 °C High Blue Blue

300 °F / 149 °C 325-375 °F / 163-191 °C Extra High Red Purple

375 °F / 191 °C 400-475 °F / 204-246 °C Very Extra High Green Black

475 °F / 246 °C 500-575 °F / 260-302 °C Ultra High Orange Black

625 °F / 329 °C 650 °F / 343 °C Ultra High Orange Black

From Table 6.2.5.1 NFPA13 2007 Edition indicates the maximum ceiling temperature, nominal operating temperature of the sprinkler, color of the bulb or link and the temperature classification.

Retard Chamber 

DescriptionRetarding Chamber is used with Alarm

Valve Trim when variable pressure is anticipated in the system. It is holding tank to prevent sounding of Sprinkler

Alarm during water pressure surge, but will permit the sound on sustained flow. The retard chamber is connected from

alarm valve, alarm port through restriction nozzle. The retard chamber is part of UL Listed Alarm Valve Trim. The

retard chamber is made of stainless steel material.

Water Motor Gong 

DescriptionFG Sprinkler Alarm is a hydraulically driven mechanical bell. When the sprinkler system operates, the sprinkler alarm sends a continuous ringing bell signal in order to alert all personnel of a possible fire episode.

The impeller and drive shaft are energy efficient, made from light weight non-metallic material and do not require any external lubrication.

The gong, protection cover and motor housing are made of corrosion resistant aluminium alloy.

Left: A water motor powered fire alarm: 1949 British buildings protected by sprinkler systems always have outside alarm bells activated by small Pelton turbines. When the sprinklers begin to discharge onto a fire, the main flow of water lifts a valve that sends a small amount of water to the alarm turbine. This has the great merit that it does not rely on a supply of electricity to operate the gong. It is also immune from frost as the pipe to the alarm is kept empty of water until the system is activated. A bypass valve allows the alarm to be periodically tested. From Manual of Firemanship Part 4, p103. Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1949

Left: A water motor powered fire alarm: 2008 Alarm bells activated by small turbines are very much still with us. This picture was taken on the afternoon of the 5th of July, 2008, on the inside of one of the outside walls of the John Lewis department store, on Oxford St, London. You can learn more on the Angus Fire website here (external link)

Pre-Action Sprinkler systemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KLmConh-clk

Deluge Fire Sprinkler Systemhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDwRlcFl2Qo

Fire Sprinkler System