“If It Jiggles Its Fat” Arnold Schwarzenegger

Bryan Hulinsky

Jeremy Ostlund

2013 Campaign

English 2010

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Obesity: The Americans rise in Morbidity

here is an epidemic sweeping our nation and throughout the world and is causing

hundreds of thousands of deaths each year. In today’s society, children, teens, and

adults suffer from being overweight or obese. The effects of the nation’s obesity are

immense and rampant; it is not enough for us to simply discourse about this epidemic. In order to

make a change and see a difference, we must collaboratively come together and bring

mindfulness to this serious matter. Making a conscious effort to make a change in the lives of the

American population is a great way to take a step forward in lowering the death rate and

increasing the longevity in humans’ lives. We need to catch the attention of multiple Americans,

to promote weight loss, and support a healthy lifestyle, a large movement needs to take place. If

everyone indulged in a healthy diet and promoted exercising within their lives, a slow, but steady

change would begin to take place amongst the obese population. Our campaign will provide each

individual the information and guidance one needs to avoid obesity and help decrease these rates.

Passing on the knowledge of a healthy lifestyle, along with a lifestyle change in general will

slowly draw more and more awareness to this silent endemic. Since obesity is spreading

extensively, our goal with this discussion is to create a movement combating obesity.

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Childhood Obesity is growing exponentially. Around one in every five children is now

considered overweight or

obese for their age. From what

obesity used to be over two

decades ago (15-20% of the

American population) to

what it is in today’s society

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(32-35% of the American population) (Research,food) it has become an epidemic; especially in

children and young adults. Obesity is defined as “being very fat or over weight”. Our society and

the individuals within it are the leading causes of childhood obesity. The population needs to

reconsider the ways of how and what our children are consuming on a daily basis. In addition

how society needs to re-direct the lives of children in order to fight this life threatening disorder.

Parents and guardians are the number one cause of why children are overweight, and

consequently becoming obese. A child’s foundation of life is solely the responsibility of the

parent to decide upon. They choose on what type of education they feel is needed for their

children, how this information is pertinent, and why their children should be educated.

Therefore, parents are responsible for their own children’s development. Studies have shown that

a child will develop his/her personality right around the age of seven (Alan), and around this

time is where parents are neglecting to teach their children how to live a healthy lifestyle. This

point in a child’s life would be best to show them how to live a healthier life.

One of the main keys to life is; every living “thing” in existence needs some sort of

nutrition in order to survive. If humans do not fuel their bodies with appropriate-good nutrition,

then the human body will turn against us; causing obesity, and a variety of health problems.

Children are the beginning of new

life, and if children are not getting a

good source of nutrition, their

chances of becoming obese are

greater than if they we’re to accept

a healthier life style. Kids who

choose to eat unhealthy have

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greater chances of becoming obese; and also a higher risk of gaining type two diabetes (Alan).

Many people allow kids to grow up thinking that candy, soda-pop, fast-food, frozen foods, and

microwaved foods are an acceptable form of nutrition. The truth is, children are not getting

nearly enough nutrients the human body needs when they are consuming these poor choices of

food. They are ingesting only “empty” calories, preservatives, high fructose corn syrup, sugar,

and Tran’s fats. Empty calories are calories that contain no nutritional value, Tran’s fats are fatty

acids that are a cause of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and fatty deposit build up around

the muscle tissue; all of which are known to cause health problems and a greater risk of

becoming obese (Haynes). Children grow at rapid rates compared to their growth once they

reach adult hood; while the human body is growing, it needs all good sources of nutrition it can

absorb. This means with younger kids (depending on age, height, gender) they need a maximum

of 2,000 nutritional calories per day

(Alan). However, this is not always the

circumstance; more people are eating out

at fast food places which have (on

average) 450-700 empty calories in one

meal, and consuming higher calorie/fatty

foods even in their own homes. Most of

the calories counted from fast food meals

derive from Trans fats (Chase).

Individuals are not only allowing

kids to partake in un-healthy foods, they

are also not limiting the portion sizes kids consume. Society has taken portion sizes from what

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they should be (rule of thumb the size of a person’s fist is a portion size) to overeating and

making portions bigger then they need to be. Likewise, parents are un-aware they are allowing

society to brain wash them and their children into thinking the amount of food you need to take

in one meal is greater than it should normally be. With the “all you can eat” buffets, the super-

size menu, etc..; all these food sources are reasons why society does not have control over how

big there actual portion sizes should be.

Most would agree that children attend school to help develop themselves academically as

young adults; however, one thing most do not consider as part of a child’s education is their

development on how to live a healthy lifestyle. Society has an obligation, and this obligation is

that we must educate our children on how to energize and fuel their bodies appropriately. Health

doctors, teachers, etc… have said it time and time again, “breakfast is the most important meal of

the day.” When humans are sleeping, their metabolism usually goes into a slower “resting” state,

and stays at rest until you give it something to digest and turn into fuel for the body (Davis).

Eating breakfast will help with maintaining energy levels; food is only fuel for the human body,

and when individuals skip out on eating breakfast there body will go into a “Catabolic State.” A

catabolic state is when a human does not provide itself with the right amount of nutrients by

skipping a meal, it will start to go into starvation mode and begin feeding off the muscle tissue in

order to obtain the right amount of nutrition the body needs to function (Davis). Likewise, when

the body goes into starvation mode, it will start storing any nutrients it can obtain into fat cells,

posing why society is becoming obese. Not eating breakfast when we first wake up and continue

without food until around lunch time; is only doing more harm to our bodies. If children do not

give their bodies the optimum amount of fuel, then the entire body will not function properly.

After about four hours of not eating, the human metabolism will slowly start to shut down. Most

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kids get around seven to eight hours of sleep leaving the human body without nutrients for many

hours (Davis). When kids start their morning off with a healthy breakfast they are kick starting

their metabolism right off the bat and giving the body much needed vitamins and minerals that is

needed to start a new day (Davis).

Healthier foods are not always easy to come by when the fast food industry spends

billions of dollars in advertising on how cheap their food is to purchase. Yes, it does tend to be

more expensive for parents to buy their kids the healthier food choices. However, all of us

parenting or not, need to think about this; when food is available that society knows is a healthier

choice (such as organic, low fats and low sugars); spending a little bit more money is common to

get better quality foods. Now, if this is the case, how is it that fast food restaurants can charge

only a single dollar for a cheeseburger, when one cannot even get a piece of fresh fruit for that

price? Is it possible that the fast food industry is not really offering a healthy variety of foods?

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Choosing a healthier lifestyle is not only about making smart choices at the dinner table.

Exercising daily is another important factor

to a child’s wellbeing. Lack of exercise in

younger children’s daily routine has become

a major factor of childhood obesity. After

school programs are a great way for children

to become more active individuals, as well

as more interactive with their communities. However, as society grows, kids are becoming less

involved with after school activities/programs such as; little league basketball, soccer, football,

T-ball, or just being active with friends. Video games are a huge influence in why kids do not

want to participate in a more active lifestyle. They would rather surf the web, play their gaming

system, or just take part in daily TV episodes. Kids are finding themselves more fascinated with

the thought of living in a fictional world (not real) and doing more indoor activities rather than

taking advantage of a more practical world with outside activities. Kids are not only doing harm

to their bodies physically, they are also harming themselves mentally. They convince themselves

that it is okay to live a life style of no physical activity. Likewise, it is not only the parent’s fault

that kids are unable to participate in after school sports. Some lower income families are unable

to afford such luxuries due to how expensive they can be.

Why is exercising so important to a child’s wellbeing? When humans bring their heart

rate up from the “resting” state (70-120 beats per min) on a weekly basis they are gearing their

body to fight off an arrangement of future and present diseases, such as; diabetes, obesity, high

blood pressure, clogged orderlies, etc…(Hellmich ”Americans”).When kids exercise they are

keeping themselves less vulnerable to major health problems by keeping fatty deposits away

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from vital organs, maintaining good blood circulation throughout the entire body, keeping ones

blood sugar at a normal stage, helping build stronger bones and muscle growth etc…

(Hellmich)Exercising is not only good for a child’s body “physically”, but it also benefits them

mentally. Staying active keeps the brain in a healthier state; studies show that kids who exercise

regularly tend to have better problem solving skills and can concentrate more easily (Alan). Lack

of exercise is prevalent not only in children, but in teens and young adults as well.

Exercising programs within the schools (gym, school sports; football, basketball,

baseball, dance, etc…) are not taken advantage of by students. Once students have become the

age to where they can make their own decisions more easily and frequently, most of them tend

veer away from physical activities that the schools offer through exercise programs. At this time

in teens and young adult’s life; they are more worried about having a social life, rather than how

to exercise properly and live healthier. Likewise, students are also becoming more “lazy” so to

speak; they would rather go to a friend’s house and socialize or drive around town with their new

driver’s license they just obtained. Not only is it the students fault for not being more active in

schools, but the schools physical activity programs are to blame as well. Most schools do not

require students to do a lot of “participating” within gym classes; teachers only require you to

come in proper physical activity attire, and in doing so you received participation points for the

day. Teachers are not requiring the students to actually partake in the activities assigned by the

teacher, posing one of the reasons why students are not active while attending school.

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School vending machines are convenient and cheap for the students to purchase from;

these innovative machines are

posing a great impact on teen and

young adult obesity. Vending

machines are in every middle

school on up to every college,

offering students easy access to

low quality snacks and foods.

School lunches are fairly more

expensive than what you can get out of a vending machine, most school lunches cost around

$2.50-3.50 (on average), and if you are on low income or the people are not willing to pay those

prices, they will resort to vending machines (DENTISTRY). These machines are almost always

filled with the usual, high in trans-fat potato chips, or candy/sweets that have high fructose corn

syrup and a high sugar content; serving the customer no nutritional value. Students are eating (on

average) around 19-50 percent of their daily food consumption at school, this means out of the

1200 -2500 (on average) calorie diet they are supposed to be consuming around a quarter to half

of those calories are coming from the school’s cafeteria and even worse, the school vending

machines (Alan).

An estimated 20 percent of public schools sell branded fast food, mostly in high schools,

Where kids are able to choose from McDonald’s cheeseburgers, Subway and Quizno

Sandwiches, Panda Express, Chick-Fil-A chicken and pizza from Pizza Hut as opposed to

ordering from the regular lunch program. One of the main issues is the calorie difference from

these vendors as opposed to the school lunch. The Child Nutrition Bill that was passed by

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Congress in 2010, states that school lunch will be between 750 and 850 calories. This requires

that meals will include double the vegetables and fruit, and cutting down the protein and

carbohydrate portions.

Many of the students feel the school lunches –although designed to be healthier – leave

them hungry. So the alternative is the fast food options. For the schools that have not

incorporated these chains or their products onto their grounds still cannot escape the plethora

of fast food restaurants within a half-mile radius of school grounds. It is possible for the student

to stay within the 850 calorie limit while dining out:

McDonald’s

Big Mac (550)

small fries (230) Diet Coke (0) 2 ketchup packets (30) small iced nonfat latte with sugar free vanilla syrup (40)

Total: 850 (Lovett)

However, these calories are not the same nutrition filled that compose the school lunch; rather

they are laden with trans-fat, high sodium, and full of preservatives.

The poor nutrition choices that are made during high school often carry into the

student’s college years. Many kids will be departing away from home for the first time to attend

university where they take on a full course load of classes. With their limited time, it is to grab

food from the vending machines or the “snack shacks”. The continued trend of poor nutrition

choices combined with the lack of exercise can follow the student through graduation and as

they enter the working world as a young adult.

As of 2010, more than one third (35.7%) of Americans are obese. To determine if one is

obese, we utilize the person’s height and weight to determine their body mass index (BMI).

A fast food meal in comparison to the 850 calorie school meal.

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An adult who has a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight.

An adult who has a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

Being overweight is a contributing factor to the following disease conditions:

Established CHD (Coronary Heart Disease)

Type 2 diabetes Sleep apnea Gynecological abnormalities Osteoarthritis Gallstones

Stress incontinence Hypertension (High blood pressure) High cholesterol Breast cancer Colon cancer Uterine cancer

(USA Gov.)

The most severe conditions of obesity are the abundant effects that it has on the human heart.

When a person is obese, their heart has to work twice as hard by increasing the volume of

blood that has to be circulated with every heartbeat, which puts excessive strain on the heart.

And since the heart is governed by a set of electrical pulses within the muscle, obesity can

change the pattern in which these pulses occur, this is known as arrhythmias. If this problem is

left unchanged, the person can go into cardiac arrest.

Medical Doctor William Kannel (1923-2011) was a pioneer in Cardiovascular

Height Weight Range BMI Considered

6' 0"

134 lbs or less

Below 18.5 Underweight

135 lbs to 184 lbs

18.5 to 24.9

Healthy weight

185 lbs to 214 lbs

25.0 to 29.9 Overweight

215 lbs or more

30 or higher Obese

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Epidemiology and was the successor to Dr. Thomas Dawber. Kannel took over as the head

oversight to the now famous Framingham Heart Study. Through this study, it’s been defined

that heart failure was 40x more prominent in a obese person than that of a person who was not

obese.

It was also determined through the research that a person who was over-weight had

the signs of high blood pressure. The higher blood

levels cause the arteries to become inflamed.

When this is combined with the fatty deposits

(plaque) that line the walls of the arteries, the higher the risk of blood clots can occur, leading to

a heart attack. Understanding that high blood pressure not only adds to the stress of an artery,

but it also pre-maturely ages it along with the other contributing factors of high cholesterol,

obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. With the heart beating over a 100,000 times a day, these

contributing factors wear down the arteries.

Another major health risk for an obese person is diabetes. Diabetes is a disease that

affects the way the body’s metabolism breaks down food and turns it into glucose, the bodies

source of energy. Once food has been digested, the glucose travels through the body and is

distributed to the cells to provide energy. However, a hormone produced by the pancreas called

insulin is needed to allow the glucose to pass into the cells. This is an automatic process in a

healthy body. But when diabetes develops, the pancreas is not creating enough insulin for the

cells. And what little insulin is distributed to the muscle cells, liver and fat, it is not processed

"A man is as old as his arteries."–Thomas

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properly. When this happens, the glucose remains in the blood stream, starving the cells. As time

passes, the glucose in the blood causes damage in the arteries leading to heart conditions and

strokes.

What is the effect of diabetes and obesity? Carrying around additional weight

significantly increases the various possibilities of heart diseases due to the abdominal fat

creating more LDL (bad) cholesterol. This is blood fat that coats the inner walls of the blood

vessels. When this occurs, the vessels will become narrower and begin to harden, making it

difficult for the blood to circulate.

Because of the severe conditions associated with obesity, the

cost associated has a substantial impact upon our economy

through direct and indirect costs. The direct costs come in

annual medical costs. The Journal of Health has stated that in

2005 the cost of medical care for obesity was $168.4 billion or

16.5% national spending. And the newest study in 2010 equates to $190.2 billion or 20.6% of

medical expenditures. As these numbers are broken down, it represents the roughly $1,800 for an

overweight person, $3,000 for obese with a BMI of 35-40 and $5,530 for obese with a BMI

above 40. These extra costs are used to cover medical visits, preventative, diagnostics and

treatments pertaining to obesity. The indirect costs come in form of morbidity costs. These

account for value of income lost due to decreased productivity, more days taken off from work

and increased number of claims for disability benefits. Annually, moderate obese men have an

absenteeism cost of $277 and moderate obese women have an absenteeism cost of $407.

(Hellmich “State Obesity”)

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In other countries, most notably Japan, they have implemented a tax to combat

the increased expenditures from obesity placed on their health care system. The Organization for

Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) stated that Japan had one of the lowest

obesity rates of any country (3%). Despite this, In 2008 Japans Ministry of Health had passed a

law to combat the obesity within their country. This law mandated that citizens - up to age 75-

annual checkup would also include a mandatory weigh in and have waist measurements taken.

Men and women that do not meet the required waist measurements are placed on monitoring

program, attend counseling and support sessions. If they fail to meet the set standards after

these sessions, they will be charged with a 10% fine on their health care payments. (Hanson)

In Europe, Denmark implemented their “Fat Tax” in 2011 in hopes of combating its

rising rate of overweight citizens. This tax was tacked onto products that contained over 2.3%

saturated fats in hopes of deterring citizens from purchasing unhealthy products from the

market, leading to healthier lifestyles and eventually lowering the cost of its health care.

However, the citizens did not see this the same way and claimed the government was trying to

implement a nanny state. In response to these taxes, many Danes took to crossing the border

to purchase their groceries, bypassing the tax and returning home. Within a year’s time the

Danish government abolished their “Fat Tax” (Micklethwait).

How does this apply to the United States? Having witnessed mixed results coming from

Europe, certain states, such as New York have begun to delegate higher taxes on sugar filled

beverages and limiting the serving size to be no more than 16 oz. as a starting point to address

the epidemic of obesity. Naturally there are those people that will oppose these types of

legislation from being passed, with their rhetoric including that it is unconstitutional, “Big

Brother” is in effect, and even similar statements of what the Danish called a nanny state.

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If these higher prices and larger tax percentages become tacked onto just more than

sugar filled drinks and begins to cover products that are laden with high fructose corn syrup and

excessive sodium content and even bringing these hikes into the fast food industry, could we

begin to see a decrease in the consumption of these products, similar to the ever increasing

cost of tobacco products leading to fewer smokers?

If we don’t begin to take preventative measures now, the obesity rate will have doubled

in many states by 2030. From the records kept by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention

(CDC), obesity from the 60’s up

until the 80’s had remained roughly

at 15%. From there until early 2000,

the percentage had reached 32%

and by 2010 the US has reached

36%. At the rate obesity is rising,

the predictions are that many states

will have surpassed 60% by 2030. (Hellmich “State Obesity”)

Obesity percentage in 2011 indicated in parenthesis and the 2030 predicted percentage

1. Mississippi (34.9%) -- 66.7%2. Louisiana (33.4%) -- 62.1%3. West Virginia (32.4%) -- 60.2%4. Alabama (32%) -- 62.6%5. Michigan (31.3%) -- 59.4%6. Oklahoma (31.1%) -- 66.4%7. Arkansas (30.9%) -- 60.6%8. (tie) Indiana (30.8%) -- 56%and South Carolina (30.8%) -- 62.9%

10. (tie) Kentucky (30.4%) -- 60.1%and Texas (30.4%) --57.2%12. Missouri (30.3%) -- 61.9%13. (tie) Kansas (29.6%) -- 62.1%and Ohio (29.6%) -- 59.8%15. (tie) Tennessee (29.2%) -- 63.4%and Virginia (29.2%) -- 49.7%17. North Carolina (29.1%) -- 58%18. Iowa (29%) -- 54.4%

19. Delaware (28.8%) -- 64.7%20. Pennsylvania (28.6%) -- 56.7%21. Nebraska (28.4%) -- 56.9%22. Maryland (28.3%) --58.8%23. South Dakota (28.1%) -- 60.4%24. Georgia (28%) -- 53.6%25. (tie) Maine (27.8%) -- 55.2%and North Dakota (27.8%) -- 57.1%

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27. Wisconsin (27.7%) -- 56.3%28. Alaska (27.4%) -- 45.6%29. Illinois (27.1%) -- 53.7%30. Idaho (27%) -- 53%31. Oregon (26.7%) -- 48.8%32. Florida (26.6%) -- 58.6%33. Washington (26.5%) -- 55.5%34. New Mexico (26.3%) -- 54.2%35. New Hampshire (26.2%) -- 57.7%36. Minnesota (25.7%) -- 54.7%

37. (tie) Rhode Island (25.4%) -- 53.8%and Vermont (25.4%) -- 47.7%39. Wyoming (25%) -- 56.6%40. Arizona (24.7%) -- 58.8%41. Montana (24.6%) -- 53.6%42. (tie) Connecticut, (24.5%) -- 46.5%and Nevada (24.5%) -- 49.6%and New York (24.5%) -- 50.9%45. Utah (24.4%) -- 46.4%

46. California (23.8%) -- 46.6%47. (tie) District of Columbia (23.7%) -- 32.6%and New Jersey (23.7%) -- 48.6%49. Massachusetts (22.7%) -- 48.7%50. Hawaii (21.8%) -- 51.8%51. Colorado (20.7%) -- 44.8% Source: Trust for America’s Health and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Possibilities to start combating our country’s weight pandemic:

Revamp the education programs in the school system regarding proper nutrition and the

benefits of a balanced diet with an exercise program. If this foundation is laid during the

grade school years and then become a separate class for credit during middle and high

school.

Television adds similar to the anti-tobacco placements. With more wide-spread

advertising during heavy viewing hours can help raise awareness of those that are not in

an education environment.

Overweight and obese support groups and hotlines. Being able to surround ones-self

around others who wish to make the change to a healthier lifestyle can support one

another.

With the huge push that has been made to reform our nation’s healthcare system, now

would be the time to implement annual weight regulations. If we were to imitate Japan’s

system, we would spend less money on medicine and corrective treatments. By

implementing a weight standard, we would be able to cut cost on annual medical

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spending by focusing on preventative health care.

People respond much better to rewards more than punishments. With this in mind, people

who were not previously within in their standard and have made healthy changes and cut

inches from their wastes could be rewarded by having their premiums going down on

their insurance rates.

Works Cited

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Chevy Chase, MD. “Obesity in America.” The Endocrine Society and The Hormone Health

Network (2013): 1.

Davis, Julia. “The Importance of Eating Breakfast.” 2009.

DENTISTRY, AMERICAN ACADEMY OF PEDIATRIC. “Policy on Vending Machines in

Schools.” American Academy (2010):1.

“Economic Costs.” Hsph.harvard.edu. Harvard School of Public Health, 25 Jan 2012. Web. Apr

2013.

Hanson, Robin. "Japans Fat Tax." OvercomingBias. N.p., 26 Nov 2011. Web. 10 Apr 2013.

Haynes, Fiona. Understanding Fats. About.com. All rights reserved., 2013.

Hellmich, Nanci. “Americans fighting fat, but odds stacked against them.” USA Today (2012):

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Hellmich, Nanci. “State obesity rates could skyrocket by 2030.” USA Today. N.p., 19 Sep 2012.

Web. Apr.

Lovett, Edward. “School Lunch Showdown: 850-Calorie Meals Compared.” Abcnews.go.com

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N.p., 30 Sep 2012. Web. Apr 2013.

Micklethwait, John, ed. “Denmark’s food taxes. A fat chance.” The Economist. The Economist

Group, 17 Nov 2012. Web. Apr 2013.

New York. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Opportunity to Comment

on the Proposed Amendment of Article 81 (Food Preparation and Food Establishments)

of the New York City Health Code, found in Title 24 of the Rules of the City of New

York..New York:,2012. Print.

Research, Food. “Overweight and Obesity in the US.” Food Research and Action Center (2010):

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USA.Gov. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Causes and Consequences: What Causes

overweight and obesity?. Atlanta: , 2012. Web

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