bruner on education
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A Seminar onPresented by
Rathi K. N.M Ed. Sem II (2010-11)N. S. S. Training College OttapalamJerome S Bruner
Jerome S Bruner
Instructional theoryCurriculumModel of teaching
BiographyEducationPhD, Harvard, 1941 (Psychology)BA, Duke University, 1937PresentUniversity ProfessorNew York University School of LawE-mail : [email protected] Culture of Education, 1996Acts of Meaning, 1991Actual Minds, Possible Worlds, 1987The Process of Education, 1960
Cognitive DevelopmentEnactive
Iconic
Symbolic
Discovery LearningDiscovery learning is an approach to instruction through which students interact with their environment by exploring and manipulating objects, wrestling with questions and controversies, or performing experiments.
Advantages of Discovery Learningactive engagement promotes motivation Promotes ownership of learningthe development of creativity and problem solving skills. a tailored learning experience
problems of Discovery LearningArrangement problemcompatibility problemProblem on activating studentsProblem on hypothesis testingSelf loop Problem Problem of handling information
INSTRUCTIONAL THEORYA theory of Instruction sets forth or prescribes rules for the most effective way to attain the desired results.
Differences Learning theoryPrescriptive How to make it happen efficientlyCurriculum also take in to considerationInstructional theoryDescriptive What happensOnly take in to consideration nature and structure of knowledge
Characteristics of an Instructional theoryRelationship between people and things in school environmentStructure of body of knowledgeSequence for effective learningReward and punishment
Predisposition CuriosityCompetenceModelingReciprocityInterestMotivationexploration
Relating knowledge to the learnerStructuring of the subject matterEconomyEffective power
Sequence Acquire, transform and use what they are learning.
Speed of learning, resistance to forgetting, transferability, economy and power.
Optimum sequence
Enactive Iconic Symbolic
Form and pacing of ReinforcementCorrective knowledgeSatisfying state of affairsSelf sufficientNatural consequences of action
Punishment Leads to high anxietyLearning is less generic and less transferableMasks the satisfaction of intrinsic reward
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CURRICULUMEnactive RepresentationIkonic RepresentationSymbolic Representation
Spiral approach
IntuitionAntithesis of knowing by the scientific knowledge, logical and mathematical proof Understanding through Art, poetry, myths and humanity
Immediate apprehension of cognition
Disciplined IntuitionTeachers think intuitivelyProvide varied experienceEmphasis on structureEncouragement of guessingBuilding self confidenceModify reward and punishment
Education for futureIncreasing understanding of Human as a speciesIncreasing understanding of Nature of Individual mental growth A clearer understanding of process of educationThe accelerating rate of change in society
Teaching models are instructional designs. They describe the process of specifying and producing particular environmental situations which cause the students to interact in such a way that specific change occurs in his behaviour.
Families of teaching modelsMODELS OF TEACHINGINFORMATION PROCESSING FAMILYPERSONAL FAMILYSOCIAL INTERACTION FAMILYBEHAVIOURAL FAMILYADVANCE ORGANISER MODEL
CONCEPT ATTAINMENT MODEL
SYNETICMODEL
NON DIRECTIVE TEACHING MODEL
JURISPUDENTIAL INQUIRY MODEL
SOCIAL INQUIRY MODEL
CONTINGENCY MANAGEMENTMODEL
ASSERTIVE TRAINING MODEL
Jerome S.BrunerJacqueline Goodnow George Austin.Concept Attainment Model
Concept attainment strategies
Nature of Concept
Thinking strategy
Name
Exemplar-Positive & Negative
Attributes-Essential &NonessentialAttribute value
RuleNature of Concept
THINKING STRATEGYSimultaneous scanningAll Exemplars at a timeSuccessive scanningOne Exemplar at a TimeConservative focusingTest one Attribute to all exemplarsFocus gamblingTest all Attributes to one Exemplar.
SyntaxThree Phases for the modelPhasesPresentation of data and Identification of oncept2. Testing attainment of concept3. Analysis of thinking strategy
Social SystemThe system has a moderate structure.The teacher controls the class.Students interaction is encouraged.
Principles of Reaction
The Teacher:
Give support.Helps to create a dialogue .Focus attention on specific features of exemplars.Assists students in evaluating their thinking strategies.
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Support SystemMaterials in the form of positive and negative exemplars.Materials as unlabelled exemplars if any.
Instructional and Nurturant EffectConcept Attainment ModelNature Of ConceptsImproved ConceptBuilding StrategiesSpecific ConceptsAwareness of Alternative ProspectiveInductive ReasoningTolerance of AmbiguitySensitivity to logical Reasoning in Communication
Instructional Nurturant
Uniqueness 1. Responding to situations differently.2. Internalizing events into a storage system.3. Increased capacity for language.4. Systematic interaction with a tutor.5. Language as an instrument for ordering the environment.6. Increasing capacity to deal with multiple demands.
Process of educationEducation as a social invention
Thank youRathi