breeding stock management 1

8/20/2019 Breeding Stock Management 1

1/29

SELECTION OF BREEDING STOCK

BREEDING STOCK MANAGEMENT

PREGNANT ANIMAL MANAGEMENT


2/29

Starting with and selecting the right breeding stock will g a lng wa! twards ens"ring a s"ccess#"l shee$enter$rise% n &atter what the $rd"ctin e&$hasis isr where the #ar& r ranch is lcated'

Appropriate breed(s) r t!$e(s) *e chsen and thatthe! *e well+ada$ted t the en,irn&ent and$rd"ctin s!ste& in which the! will *e raised'

It is al&st alwa!s *etter t "$grade lcal *reeds rstc- than t intrd"ce new *reeds r genetics that&a! nt *e ada$ted t the lcal en,irn&ent r$rd"ctn s!ste&'

Selecting breeding stock


3/29

Ideall!% shee$ selectin sh"ld *e a c&*inatin #,is"al a$$raisal and e,al"atin # $er#r&ancerecrds'

." need t *e care#"l when c&$aring shee$ n ne#ar& t shee$ n anther #ar&' Gd &anage&entand n"tritin can &as- $r r &edicre genetics%while $r &anage&ent and n"tritin can &as- gd

genetics'

." need t "se !"r wn *ser,atin and e,al"atins-ills t &a-e s"nd $"rchasing decisins'


4/29

There are three t!$es # $rd"ctin recrds inshee$ $rd"ctin/

0' On+#ar& $er#r&ance testing1' Central $er#r&ance testing and

2' Acrss+3c- EPD4s'

5' Pedigree

SELECTING SHEEP ON THE BASIS OFPEFO!ANCE


5/29

0) All that4s needed is s&e #r& # indi,id"alani&al identi6catin% a recrd *-% and ascale'

Birth dates and weaning weights sh"ld *e

recrded'7eaning weights sh"ld *e crrected t a

c&&n age and ad8"sted #r *irth t!$e% t!$e# rearing% and age # da&'

Otherwise% la&*s with an en,irn&entalad,antage% nt genetic s"$eririt! will *e#a,red in the selectin $rcess


6/29

A central per"or#ance test is where &ales#r& di9erent herds are *r"ght t ne central

lcatin t recrd $er#r&ance'

In a central $er#r&ance test% *ser,eddi9erences *etween ra&s are &re li-el! d"e t

genetic di9erences% which will *e $assed ntthe ne:t generatin # 9s$ring% rather thanen,irn&ental di9erences which will nt *e$assed n'

A central $er#r&ance test is an ideal $lace t$"rchase a ra& that will *e "sed t sire &ar-etla&*s'


7/29

An EP$%E&pected Progen( $i)erence* is

an esti&ate # the genetic ,al"e # an ani&althat will *e $assed nt its $rgen!' Fre:a&$le% i# a ra& has an EPD # ;1 l*s' #rweaning weight% this &eans that his 9s$ringwill *e 1 l*s' (n+a,erage) hea,ier than thea,erage # the *reed'

The! are the nl! wa! t &a-e acc"rate

acrss+3c- c&$arisns'


8/29

In the


9/29

Health+ Shee$ that li&$% ha,e a*scesses%$in- e!e% r sre &"th lesins% shwres$iratr! s!&$t&s% r are in e:tre&el!

$r *d! cnditin sh"ld nt *e$"rchased #r *reeding'

So,ndness+ A shee$ that is s"nd is ingd $h!sical cnditin and #ree #r&

seri"s de#ects' A s"nd ani&al wills"r,i,e and *e $rd"cti,e #r a lnger ti&ethan an ani&al which has $h!sical$r*le&s'

-IS.AL APPAISAL OF SHEEP FOBEE$ING


10/29

!o,th+ In a crrect &"th% *th the t$ and *tt& 8awsare aligned s the incisr teeth are 3"sh with the $ad nthe "$$er 8aw' Shee$ with se,ere @"ndersht@ r@,ersht@ 8aws sh"ld *e a,ided% as this is an inheritedde#ect'

An "ndersht 8aw% als called a @$arrt &"th%@ is whenthe lwer 8aw is t shrt' Shee$ with se,ere "ndersht

$arrt &"ths &a! ha,e dic"lt! graing shrt $ast"res' An ,ersht 8aw% als called a @&n-e! &"th@ is when

the lwer 8aw is t lng' Slight ,ariatins in 8awalign&ent are nt a $r*le& r inherited de#ect' The *estwa! t *ser,e 8aw str"ct"re is t l- at the shee$ #r&

the side'

http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_W19ZkFqGT-M/SWMtSOFNPLI/AAAAAAAAAjM/ptrQ_SMeqqw/s400/P1010328_sm.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_W19ZkFqGT-M/SWMtSOFNPLI/AAAAAAAAAjM/ptrQ_SMeqqw/s400/P1010328_sm.jpg


11/29

Teeth+ The cnditin # a shee$4s teeth de$end"$n its diet and the land where it li,es'

Ani&als n a r"gh% carse diet will grind theirteeth awa! #aster than ani&als n an easil!eaten diet'

The &lar teeth are #ar &re i&$rtant thanthe incisr teeth' The! d the grinding # #eed' T e,al"ate the &lar teeth% !" ha,e t #eel nthe "tside # the chee- and 8aw'

Bad *reath can *e a sign that there iss&ething wrng with the &lar teeth' Ani&alswith teeth $r*le&s sh"ld *e nt selected #r*reeding'


12/29

Hoo/es+ a*nr&al r e:cessi,e h# grwth% crac-edh,es% r e:tre&el! s$la!ed h,es sh"ld *e a,ided

Con"or#ation+ S&th sh"lders and staight *ac-s are

desirea*le traits'-ol,#e and capacit(+ A shee$ sh"ld ha,e a dee$ side%

wide t$% and @r"nd@ *d!% indicati,e # gd s$ring # ri*'Narrw% 3at+sided% shallw+*died ani&als are less li-el! t *e$rd"cti,e'

Si0e+ Selectin sh"ld *e #r ewes # ade>"ate #ra&e'E:tre&es in #ra&e sie sh"ld *e a,ided' we,er%$rd"ctin ecienc! tends t #a,"r #e&ales #&derate *d! sie'

Se& character+ Ra&s sh"ld a$$ear r"gged% st"t

and &asc"line' Ewes sh"ld *e #e&inine and &rere6ned in their #eat"res' Fe&ininit! is "s"all! assciatedwith a lnger head and nec- and a &re ang"lar *d!t!$e'


13/29

Feet and legs+ A s"nd shee$ has straight legsthat are set s>"arel! "nder the crners # the *d!'

The! are nt t clse at the hc-s r -nees' The$asterns are neither t straight nr t angled'

Shee$ with se,ere #eet and leg $r*le&s &a! *rea-dwn in dic"lt $rd"ctin sit"atins'

Shee$ with slight str"ct"ral de#ects "s"all! d ntha,e an! $r*le&s'

Knc-+-need S$la!+#ted Nr&al

B"c-+-need Cal#+-need

Nr&al


14/29

Cw+hc-ed BwleggedNr&al

Chec- sh"lder% *ac- and lin area#r c,ering

# 6r& 3esh See als i# the ra& t *eselectedhas *ld &asc"line head with *righte!e andcrrect &"th'

Chec- s$ring # ri*% width #lin area and 3eshing ,err"&$'


15/29

." are less li-el! t @$"rchase@ $r*le&s i# !" $"rchaseewe la&*s and !earlings that ha,e ne,er la&*ed'

Beca"se !"ng ewes ha,e &re $rd"cti,e !ears ahead# the&% the! "s"all! sell #r higher $rices than &at"reewes'

A ewe la&* will nt $rd"ce as &"ch &il- #r her la&*(s)as a &at"re ewe'

S&eti&es% ewe la&*s d nt ha,e en"gh &il- #r theirla&*(s)% es$eciall! i# the! ha,e &"lti$le la&*s'

.earlings (*red t la&* #r the 6rst ti&e as tw !ear lds)will e:$erience #ewer $r*le&s than ewe la&*s' The!

"s"all! sell #r higher $rices than ewe la&*s'

!ATENAL FLOC1 SELECTION


16/29

Fr $e$le that are ine:$erienced raising shee$ r

ha,e #ewer dllars t s$end% it &a! *e a gd idea tstart with &at"re ewes (ewes that ha,e $re,i"sl!raised la&*s)'

!at,re e2es gi,e *irth t &re la&*s% are *etter&thers% and $rd"ce &re &il- #r their la&*s'

A ewe4s $er#r&ance "s"all! $ea-s *etween 2 and

!ears # age'

7hen p,rchasing #at,re e2es% it is es$eciall!i&$rtant t &a-e s"re the! are s"nd ("dders andteeth)'


17/29

A ra& is @hal# the 3c-'@ is genetics will *e s$read ,er &an!&re 9s$ring than a ewe' Ra&s will *e the $ri&ar! &eans *!which genetic i&$r,e&ent will *e &ade in a 3c-'

I# the ra& will *e "sed t sire &ar-et la&*s% he sh"ld *e #ade>"ate #ra&e sie (#r his *reed)% well+grwn #r his age anddiet% and well+ &"scled'

." can tell hw thic-l! &"scled a ra& is *! #eeling hw wide anddee$ his lin is and *! &eas"ring the circ"erence # his lwerleg with !"r hands'

The #rear& is anther gd indicatr # &"scling' ea,!+*nedani&als are "s"all! &re hea,il! &"scled'


18/29

The ld r"le # th"&* is that a ra& is wrth

6,e ti&es the ,al"e # a &ar-et la&*' I#&ar-et la&*s are wrth 0% !" sh"ld *ewilling t $a! H #r a *reeding ra&'

It is *etter t start with &edicre ewes (slng as the! are health!) and a s"$erir ra&rather than s"$erir ewes and a &edicrera&'


19/29

Ideall!% a *reeding s"ndness e:a& (BSE)sh"ld *e cnd"cted n an! ra& that is$"rchased #r *reeding'

A *reeding s"ndness e:a& e,al"ate4s thera&4s *reeding $tential and incl"des a$h!sical e:a& and se&en test'

A ser,ing ca$acit! test e,al"ates a ra&4sdesire t &ate with ewes' It als tests theLi*id'

S&e st"dies ha,e #"nd that &re than 0

$ercent # ra&s are h&se:"al and will nt&ate with ewes'

A &at"re ra& will *e a*le t ser,ice &reewes than a ra& la&*'


20/29

A ra& la&* at H &nths # age will settle s&eewes% *"t he will *e a *etter *reeder *! the ti&e heis r J &nths # age'

As a general r"le # th"&*% ra& la&*s sh"ld *e Ht $ercent # their &at"re weight *e#re *eing"sed #r *reeding'

A well+grwn ra& la&* sh"ld *e a*le t &ate 0H t2 ewes in a 25 da! *reeding seasn'Ra& la&*s sh"ld *e #ed se$aratel! #r& &at"rera&s'

Ra& la&*s and &at"re ra&s sh"ld ne,er *e r"ntgether in the sa&e *reeding gr"$'

The lder ra&(s) will d&inate and &a! in8"re the!"nger ra&(s)'

Ra& la&*s sh"ld *e *ser,ed clsel! t &nitr

a# la#bs


21/29

A ra& &a! lse "$ t 0H $ercent # his *d! weight d"ring

the *reeding seasn'Cnse>"entl!% ra&s need t *e in gd *d! cnditin at

the ti&e # *reeding (cnditin scre 2 t 5)'

Thin ra&s (cnditin scre 0 r 1) &a! ha,e dic"lt!

getting the ewes *red%while #at (cnditin scre H) ra&s &a! *e t la! t *reed%

and their #ertilit! &a! *e a9ected d"ring $erids # htweather'

Ra&s sh"ld *e sheared% treated #r internal $arasites (i#necessar!)% ha,e their #eet tri&&ed% and *e started n thediet that the! will *e cns"&ing d"ring *reeding 1 t 5wee-s $rir t *reeding'

The! sh"ld *e incl"ded in the 3c- ,accinatin $rgra&

a# !anage#ent


22/29

Ewes and des sh"ld als *e $h!sicall! e:a&ined at

weaning and e,al"ated nt 8"st #r *d! cnditin scre *"t#r s"ndness # #eet% "dder% e!es% and &"th'

La&e ani&als ha,e a dic"lt ti&e graing% *rwsing (eatingwd! $lants)% and getting t water'

Gats s&eti&es stand n their hind legs t reach lea,es

and *r"sh'A gd "dder is necessar! t raise a health! la&* r -id%

and a new*rn &"st *e a*le t n"rse its da& shrtl! a#ter*irth t recei,e clstr"&'

Ani&als with gd e!es and ,isin are easier t handle and%there#re% !" will ha,e less stress when $er#r&ing the&an! &anage&ent $ractices sched"led d"ring the !ear'

T raise a gd la&* r -id% a ewe r de &"st als *e a*let cn,ert #rage and *rwse int &il-% starting with a gd

set # teeth'

E3E SELECTION


23/29

Preparations "or breeding +4

56Fl,shing / Feeding e:tra grain r l"sh $ast"re 1+2wee-s $rir t the *reeding seasn #r the $"r$se

# increasing the n"&*er # ,a shed #r& the ,ar!and increase the incidence # twinning' Feeding

a*"t 1H g&s grains dail! t each ewe res"lts in anincrease in the la&* cr$ *! a*"t 0+1 $er cent'

76Tagging / This re#ers t the shearing the lc-s #wl and dirt #r& the dc- # the ewes% th"s

#acilitating &ating *! the ra&'

86E(eing / This re#ers t the cli$$ing # e:cess wl

ar"nd the e!es t $re,ent wl *lindness in s&e*reeds'

96inging / This re#ers t shearing # wl #r& the*d! # the ra&% es$eciall! in the nec-% *ell! and

sheath regin $rir t the *reeding seasn'


24/29

A ra& can "s"all! &ate 2 t 5 ewes $er da!'

In general% the rec&&ended rati #r &at"rera&s is 0/2H t 0/H'

In large 3c-s% the $ercentage # ra&s tewes is #ten higher'

Ratis # 0/0 r 0/0H are nt "nc&&n'

I# estr"s has *een s!nchrnied% &re ra&$wer is needed% 0 ra& #r e,er! H t 0ewes'

a# to E2e atio


25/29

The @ra& e9ect@ is when nn+c!cling(anestr"s) ewes are sti&"lated t ,"late *!the s"dden intrd"ctin # a ra& r @teaser@ra&'

Ra&s $rd"ce a che&ical s"*stance called a$her&ne% the s&ell # which sti&"lates thenset # estr"s'

7hen ewes and ra&s are in cnstant cntact(sight r s&ell)% the $her&nes are &"chless e9ecti,e at ind"cing estr"s'

The a# E)ect


26/29

Alth"gh rec&&endatins ,ar!% ra&s sh"ld*e islated #r& ewes #r at least wee-s inrder #r the ra& e9ect t wr-'

Ewes &"st ha,e n cntact with ra&s *!either sight% s"nd% r s&ell% which &eansthat the! &"st *e se$arated *! distance'

The ra& e9ect is nt as e9ecti,e with ewela&*s% and is &st e9ecti,e d"ring thetransitinal $erid when ewes ha,e nt *eg"nt c!cle% *"t are al&st read!'

Breed # ra& can a9ect ewes4 res$nse t thera& e9ect% with the less+seasnal *reeds*eing &re e9ecti,e at *ringing nn+c!clingewes int estr"s'

Care and !anage#ent o" Pregnant


27/29

Earl( or :rst #onth o" pregnanc(D"ring this $erid% it is generall! rec&&ended that the

*d! cnditin # the ewede is &aintained% th"s&ini&iing e&*r! and earl! #etal lsses'

A ,er! high le,el # n"tritin can *e as detri&ental #re&*r! s"r,i,al as a ,er! lw ne'

!id or second and third #onths o" pregnanc(

This $erid is characteried *! ra$id grwth # the$lacenta' Grwth # the #et"s in a*sl"te ter&s is ,er!

s&all'Lss in *d! weight sh"ld nt e:ceed H ,er this

$erid'

Feeding d"ring this $erid sh"ld *e targeted at a,idinge:cessi,e lss'

Care and !anage#ent o" PregnantE2es;$oes


28/29

Late or "o,rth #onth o" pregnanc( ,p topart,rition

In this $hase% the gain in &ass # the #et"s a&"ntst JH # its *irth weight'

N"trient inta-e sh"ld *e increased d"ring this $erid'

Cncentrate s"rces # energ! sh"ld *e a,aila*le asthe r"&en sie is li&ited *eca"se # the de,el$ing

#et"s'

we,er% care sh"ld *e ta-en t a,id e:cessi,e#eeding t red"ce the chance # dic"lt *irth'


29/29

M"lti$le+*earing da&s sh"ld recei,e &re #eed thansingle+*earing da&s'

It is ad,isa*le t se$arate da&s at an ad,anced stage #$regnanc! #r& the &ain 3c-'

This will hel$ t gi,e the& e9ecti,e care'

Bring $regnant ani&als int la&*ing-idding crrals 5 t da!s *e#re $art"ritin and $r,ide the &a:i&"&$ssi*le crt'

I# $ssi*le% $r,ide *edding &aterial'

It is nt ad,isa*le t handle $regnant ani&als t#re>"entl!'

breeding stock management 1

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