BOT-2 Fine Motor Assessment

By: Hannah Reed Holmes and Megan Holloway

Key CharacteristicsAge: 4 - 21 years and 11 months oldDomains: (Subtests)Fine Motor Precision

Draw, cut, or fold within a specific boundary

Fine Motor Integration Reproduce drawings of geometrical shapes that range in complexity Visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement

Manual Dexterity Speed and Accuracy, timed Reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination with small objects

Upper-Limb Coordination Measures visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement Catching, dribbling, and throwing a tennis ball

Key Characteristics cont’dThe purpose is to assess different measures of

fine motor skill proficiencySupporting Diagnosis of Motor ImpairmentsScreeningMaking Placement DecisionsDeveloping and Evaluating Motor Training

ProgramsAssisting Clinicians and Researchers on Evaluation

of Programs

Testing ProceduresComposite Form

Fine Manual ControlManual Coordination

Select Subtests Form Fine Motor Precision Fine Motor Integration Manual Dexterity Upper Limb

Coordination

Testing Procedures cont’dAdministration Manual-

Standardized Examiner’s exact words

in bold Number of trials in box Pictures of how

performance should look

Number of times examiner can demonstrate item

Time Limit in box

Examples of Test ItemsFine Motor Precision

Filling in Shapes- Circle Filling in the Shape- Star

Fine Motor IntegrationCopying CircleCopying Square

Manual DexterityMaking dots in circlesCard Sort

Upper-Limb CoordinationDropping and Catching a Ball- Both HandsDropping and Catching a Ball- One Hand

Test Development1979 Original BOTMP created

BOTMP was separated into gross and fine motor.BOT-2 was created to analyze more specific components of

fine motor and gross motor. Evaluation of both items were compared and certain testing

items eliminated.BOT-2 expanded coverage of fine and gross motor skills. Improved measurement among 4 and 5 year olds.Extended norms through age 21. Improved item presentation. Improved quality of kit equipment.

Test StandardizationStandardization

Uniform procedures for administration & scoringRules, number of trails, and time limits

Scores are compared to age-based norms n= 1,520 examineesAges 4 years of age to 21 years and 11 months of ageBased on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the

Census, 2001)Standardized Populations: African American, Hispanic, White,

& Other Item Bias Review

GenderEthnicitySocio-economic

Psychometric PropertiesInternal Consistency

Reliability Test-Retest Reliability

Ages 4-7 (n=43); (7-35 days)Ages 8-11 (n=44); (7-42 days)

Ages 12-21 (n=47); (10-42 days)

Interrater Reliability for Subtests, Composites, and Short Form by

Age

Total CompositeAges 4-7 (.95)

Ages 8-11 (.95)Ages 12-21 (.96)

Total Composite CorrelationAges 4-7 (.84)

Ages 8-12 (.85)Ages 13-21 (.79)

Total Composite CorrelationAges 4-21 (.98)

Short FormAges 4-7 (.82) Ages 8-11 (.84)

Ages 12-21 (.87)

Short Form CorrelationAges 4-7 (.86)

Ages 8-12 (.87)Ages 13-21 (.80)

Short Form CorrelationAges 4-21 (.98)

Fine Manual ControlAges 4-7 (.88)

Ages 8-11 (.85)Ages 12-21 (.90)

Fine Manual Control CorrelationAges 4-7 (.81)

Ages 8-12 (.54)Ages 13-21 (.48)

Fine Manual Control CorrelationAges 4-21 (.91)

Manual CoordinationAges 4-7 (.89)

Ages 8-11 (.86)Ages 12-21 (.86)

Manual Coordination CorrelationAges 4-7 (.62)

Ages 8-12 (.70)Ages 13-21 (.64)

Manual Coordination CorrelationAges 4-21 (.98)

Psychometric Properties cont’d

Correlation of BOT-2 Scores with PDMS-2

(Fine Motor Quotient) Scores Ages 4-5

Correlations of BOT-2 Scores with TVMS-R (Visual Motor Skills)

Scores Ages 4-13

Total Motor Composite Correlation (.77)

Total Motor Composite Correlation (.62)

Fine Motor Precision (.61)

Fine Motor Integration (.42)

Fine Manual Control (.55)

Manual Dexterity (.53)

Fine Motor Precision (.55)

Fine Motor Integration (.72)

Fine Manual Control (.70)

Test Content- When updating the BOT-2, only functional items that were proven to test its subtest title with moderately high factor were kept.

Criterion- Concurrent with 1-2 studies; demonstrates adequate agreement with a criterion or gold standard measure

Construct (Internal Structure)- The BOT-2 uses a composite structure that distinguishes fine motor skills on the basis of the limbs and musculature involved in object manipulation related to functional activities.

Test Length/CostFine Motor Composite Form:

20-30 minutes to administer 10 minutes needed to prepare the testing area

Fine Motor Short Form 5-10 minutes to administer 5 minutes needed to prepare the testing area

Cost of Fine Motor BOT-2 Kit $515.00 Kit includes Manual, Supplemental Manual, Administration

Easel, Record Forms (25), Target, Shuttle Block, Balance Beam, Knee Pad.

Cost of Complete BOT-2 Kit $837

ScoringRecording Item

Raw ScoreConvert Raw

Score to Point Score

Make Notes and Observation During Administration

Computing Subtest Total Point Scores

Interpretation and ResultsGives a good baseline for

strengths and weaknesses.

Can choose between subtests and use ones that apply the most.

When explaining to parents, first identify average to above average scores, then address the below average areas that can be improved with OT.

Areas of OccupationEducation participation

The fine manual control subtest of the BOT-2 is particularly useful in screening for academic readiness in young children.

Assessment Approach/Environment

Assessment Approach: Bottom up

Looks at components that are necessary for functional occupational performance during short activities (not specific occupations)

Environment: Educational Setting Rehabilitation center/Health

Care Setting Home

Frame of Reference / Measurement Concerns

Frame of References:Motor Control and Motor LearningBiomechanical and Rehabilitative

Measurement Concerns:Examinee inattention with test lengthPoor test environment Inability to establish rapport Examiner incompetency Substitute for the standardized toolsDifficult to use with children who have disabilitiesTest cost

ResourcesBruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). BOT2:

Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency : manual (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, Minn.: Pearson Assessments.

Clinical Assessment. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from http://www.pearsonclinical.com