BookmakingBookmakingFrom around the world!From around the world!

• When were books invented?

• What is a handmade book?

• How are books made today?

Bookmaking & Bookmaking & PapermakingPapermaking

Make decorative paste paper for Make decorative paste paper for the book coverthe book coverBuild cover and spine for bookBuild cover and spine for bookAssemble (put it together) the bookAssemble (put it together) the bookCreate a paper weavingCreate a paper weavingChose 2 more activities to include Chose 2 more activities to include inside your handmade journal/bookinside your handmade journal/book

The History of BookmakingThe History of Bookmaking

Bookmaking really began with the Bookmaking really began with the invention of writing. (over 5000 years invention of writing. (over 5000 years ago)ago)The first forms of writing were ideas The first forms of writing were ideas expressed through pictorial forms expressed through pictorial forms such as hieroglyphics, inscriptions on such as hieroglyphics, inscriptions on rocks and clay tablets. rocks and clay tablets. There are many examples There are many examples of such early forms of writing. of such early forms of writing.

Chauvet Cave, France, see cave paintings: Chauvet Cave, France, see cave paintings: http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/

Early forms of writing:Early forms of writing:

Early writing techniques began with Early writing techniques began with the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, the Mesopotamians, Egyptians, Mayans and Chinese.Mayans and Chinese.

These early forms of writing gave These early forms of writing gave birth to all other styles of writing birth to all other styles of writing and book making.and book making.

Cuneiform WritingCuneiform Writing Some of the earliest Some of the earliest

writings come from writings come from Mesopotamia and Mesopotamia and Egypt. (3000 BC) Egypt. (3000 BC) Mesopotamians Mesopotamians

wrote in cuneiform wrote in cuneiform on clay tables.on clay tables.

1. pictorial example, 2. Cuneiform clay tablet, 3. Cuneiform Epic of Gilgamesh clay tablet, 4. Assyrian cuneiform in rock

Mayan HieroglyphsMayan HieroglyphsThe Mayan The Mayan culture began culture began around 1800 around 1800 BC and BC and developed developed through 1500 through 1500 CE. CE.

The Mayan The Mayan people people became the became the people in people in Mexico today.Mexico today.

The Egyptian ScrollThe Egyptian ScrollThe first book to be made was the scroll.The first book to be made was the scroll. This This was made from many sheets of papyrus which were was made from many sheets of papyrus which were glued together in a long strip, then rolled up and glued together in a long strip, then rolled up and stored in a jar. stored in a jar. The Egyptians had official scribes that were trained in writing The Egyptians had official scribes that were trained in writing hieroglyphs on papyrus scrolls. hieroglyphs on papyrus scrolls. In 300 B.C. there was a great In 300 B.C. there was a great library in Alexandria, Egypt that was said to contain over library in Alexandria, Egypt that was said to contain over 500,000 papyrus scrolls.500,000 papyrus scrolls.The papyrus scrolls below are from the Egyptian Book of the The papyrus scrolls below are from the Egyptian Book of the Dead!Dead!

First day:First day: Make Make decorative paste paper decorative paste paper

for the book coverfor the book cover

What is paste paper? What is paste paper? Paste paint was Paste paint was used to decorate paper for centuries. The used to decorate paper for centuries. The decorated paper was used to cover gifts, decorated paper was used to cover gifts, decorate boxes, books, wall paper, lamp decorate boxes, books, wall paper, lamp shades and more.shades and more.

See example here: See example here: http://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/cr_paper_crafts_make_pahttp://www.hgtv.com/hgtv/cr_paper_crafts_make_paper/article/0,1789,HGTV_3292_1369899,00.htmlper/article/0,1789,HGTV_3292_1369899,00.html

First you will need First you will need – 2 pieces of paper2 pieces of paper – one for the front – one for the front – and one for the back of the book.and one for the back of the book.

Write your name on the back of your paper Write your name on the back of your paper before you begin!!!before you begin!!!

Use the paint mixed with paste (clear glue) Use the paint mixed with paste (clear glue) and scraping tools to make your design.and scraping tools to make your design.

Paint a thin even coat of paint in a small area Paint a thin even coat of paint in a small area and scrape in the design. and scrape in the design.

The paint dries quickly – do not wait to The paint dries quickly – do not wait to scrape.scrape.

Do not “blob” the paintDo not “blob” the paint on because it will on because it will drip, be messy, and take forever to dry.drip, be messy, and take forever to dry.

Second DaySecond Day

Review:Review:What were some What were some early forms of early forms of writing?writing?When were When were books invented?books invented?What did the What did the first books look first books look like?like?

Warm up:Warm up:Go to this website and Go to this website and visit the Egyptian scribe to visit the Egyptian scribe to translate your name: translate your name: http://www.museum.upenhttp://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/gallerien.edu/new/exhibits/galleries/egyptian.htmls/egyptian.html

Day 2:Day 2: Make the cover Make the cover of your hand made book.of your hand made book.

Today, we will construct the cover for Today, we will construct the cover for our hand made journal.our hand made journal.

What you need:What you need:– 2 of your paste papers, 2 of your paste papers, – 2 big pieces of cardboard 8”x8”, 2 big pieces of cardboard 8”x8”, – 2 long pieces for the spine 8”x 2”, 2 long pieces for the spine 8”x 2”, – glue and glue and – a spreadera spreader

Demonstration:Demonstration:

Spread a thin coat of glue on the back of Spread a thin coat of glue on the back of the paste paper all the way to the edges. the paste paper all the way to the edges. Carefully place the cardboard as I Carefully place the cardboard as I demonstrated.demonstrated.Do not “blob” the GLUE on because it Do not “blob” the GLUE on because it will create bubbles, drip, be messy, and will create bubbles, drip, be messy, and take forever to dry.take forever to dry.Write your name on the card board side Write your name on the card board side of the book cover. of the book cover.

CHECK FOR DRIPS OF GLUE!!!CHECK FOR DRIPS OF GLUE!!!

Third DayThird Day

Review:Review:

What is the difference between What is the difference between handmade books and machine handmade books and machine made books?made books?

What was the first book made of?What was the first book made of?

What is a book?What is a book?

What is a book?What is a book?

In the 4th century B.C. In the 4th century B.C. the the Mayan, Greeks and Mayan, Greeks and RomansRomans wrote on wrote on plaster or wax covered plaster or wax covered wooden tablets that wooden tablets that were hinged together were hinged together with leather thongs or with leather thongs or pieces of metal, and pieces of metal, and were called a were called a codex.codex. This style is the earliest This style is the earliest form of what we would form of what we would call a book.call a book.

The CodexThe Codex

The The Mesoamerican Mesoamerican codex was first. codex was first.

(The (The Mediterranean Mediterranean continued to use continued to use the papyrus the papyrus scroll as well.)scroll as well.)

Parchment & Vellum PaperParchment & Vellum PaperChristian monasteries Christian monasteries produced hand made produced hand made books from 476 to 1453.books from 476 to 1453.The people of Europe, The people of Europe, Africa, and Asia for over Africa, and Asia for over 2,000 years used the skins 2,000 years used the skins of animals to write down of animals to write down their thoughts. their thoughts. Sheep and goat skins were Sheep and goat skins were the first to be made into the first to be made into writing sheets called writing sheets called parchmentparchment. . For a complete picture library see the web For a complete picture library see the web site: site: http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/Dhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/Default.htmlefault.html

It would take 12 sheep to It would take 12 sheep to make a 150 page book. It make a 150 page book. It was discovered the calf’s was discovered the calf’s skin would make an even skin would make an even finer type of parchment finer type of parchment called called vellumvellum. . 1515thth Cent. Spanish Vellum Cent. Spanish Vellum

From China to the world . . .From China to the world . . .

The Muslim bible, The Muslim bible, the the Koran, Koran, was compiled was compiled by copyists by copyists by by 651 A.D. 651 A.D. These same copyists These same copyists worked to translate worked to translate the works of the the works of the Greek philosopher Greek philosopher Aristotle. Aristotle.

The KoranThe Koran

Cities like Damascus and Baghdad were centers Cities like Damascus and Baghdad were centers for book production. (Middle East) for book production. (Middle East)

The First The First Printed BooksPrinted Books

The first block printed scroll The first block printed scroll was a Buddhist document was a Buddhist document called the Diamond Sutra called the Diamond Sutra from China in 868.from China in 868.Then printing with movable Then printing with movable type was invented by type was invented by Gutenberg during the Gutenberg during the Renaissance (15Renaissance (15thth century) century) and permanently changed and permanently changed the way books were made.the way books were made.

1. Diamond Sutra, 2. Gutenberg Bible

BookmakingBookmakingAs you have learned, there As you have learned, there are many ways to make a are many ways to make a book. book. One of my favorites is a One of my favorites is a book with a rubber band book with a rubber band and stick binding. The and stick binding. The binding is what holds the binding is what holds the book together. book together. With this type of book, you With this type of book, you can go back and add as can go back and add as many pages as you want!many pages as you want!

Day 3: Stick and rubber band bookDay 3: Stick and rubber band book

First glue construction paper on the inside cover. (Don’t worry about covering the cardboard with the holes – you won’t be able to see it.)

All you need is a stickAll you need is a stick1 rubber band1 rubber band2 cardboard covers2 cardboard covers2 construction papers2 construction papersAnd white paper to go inside to make the pages!And white paper to go inside to make the pages!

Putting it all togetherPutting it all togetherPoke holes through the paste paper where the cardboard is drilled.Align the inside white pages with the holes in the front and back cover.Put the rubber band all the way through 1 hole.Decide which side is the front and loop the rubber band around the stick on the front.The tricky part is to stretch the rubber band down and through the next hole.And then loop the rubber band over the other end of the stick.When you finish – help someone else!Then complete the bookmaking worksheet.

Fourth DayFourth Day

Review:Review:What is the What is the difference between difference between handmade books handmade books and machine made and machine made books?books?What is a book?What is a book?What is paper?What is paper?

Warm up:Warm up:Watch a video Watch a video

on how paper is made.on how paper is made.

The Papyrus PlantThe Papyrus PlantThe word The word "paper""paper" is is derived from the word derived from the word "papyrus,""papyrus," which was a which was a plant found in Egypt along plant found in Egypt along the lower Nile River. the lower Nile River. About About 5,000 years ago5,000 years ago, , Egyptians created Egyptians created "sheets" of papyrus by "sheets" of papyrus by harvesting, peeling and harvesting, peeling and slicing the plant into slicing the plant into strips. The strips were strips. The strips were then layered, pounded then layered, pounded together and smoothed to together and smoothed to make a flat, uniform sheet.make a flat, uniform sheet.

Chinese Characters and scrollsChinese Characters and scrolls• While the Egyptians used While the Egyptians used

papyrus, the people of Asia papyrus, the people of Asia used different materials to used different materials to make scrolls. They wrote make scrolls. They wrote their ideas ontheir ideas on silk, palm silk, palm leaves, birch bark and leaves, birch bark and stems of bamboo.stems of bamboo.

1.1. Chinese characters, 2. Chinese document, 3. Chinese scrollChinese characters, 2. Chinese document, 3. Chinese scroll

The Chinese Invent Paper!!The Chinese Invent Paper!!It was the Chinese that were given credit for It was the Chinese that were given credit for inventing paper about the 2nd century A.D.inventing paper about the 2nd century A.D. Paper was first invented by Ts'ai Lun (about 104 CE), Paper was first invented by Ts'ai Lun (about 104 CE),

who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty. who lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He took the inner bark of a mulberry tree and bamboo He took the inner bark of a mulberry tree and bamboo

fibers, mixed them with water, and pounded them fibers, mixed them with water, and pounded them with a wooden tool. with a wooden tool.

Then he poured this mixture onto a flat piece of Then he poured this mixture onto a flat piece of coarsely woven cloth to drain the water.coarsely woven cloth to drain the water.

Once dry, Ts'ai Lun discovered that he had created a Once dry, Ts'ai Lun discovered that he had created a quality writing surface that was relatively easy to quality writing surface that was relatively easy to make and lightweight. make and lightweight.

He presented the invention to Emperor He Di in 105 He presented the invention to Emperor He Di in 105 CE, and knowledge of papermaking was passed along CE, and knowledge of papermaking was passed along to Korea, Samarkand, Baghdad, and Damascus. to Korea, Samarkand, Baghdad, and Damascus.

The History of PaperThe History of Paper

The invention of paper changed the world The invention of paper changed the world forever! See the interactive timeline below: forever! See the interactive timeline below: http://www.paperlinx.com.au/cpa/htm/htm_paperhttp://www.paperlinx.com.au/cpa/htm/htm_paper_history.asp?page_id=56_history.asp?page_id=56

Check out this link for an incredible history Check out this link for an incredible history of paper spreading all over the world: of paper spreading all over the world: http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/http://www.hqpapermaker.com/paper-history/

Day 4: Paper WeavingDay 4: Paper Weaving

Today you will find 2 images to weave Today you will find 2 images to weave together to make a new picture.together to make a new picture.

The pictures need to be the same sizeThe pictures need to be the same size

The pictures need to have contrasting The pictures need to have contrasting colors and look very differentcolors and look very different

Don’t forget – Don’t forget – – One image has strips cut up and down,One image has strips cut up and down,– and the second has strips cut side to side.and the second has strips cut side to side.

Day 5: Day 5: Chose 2Chose 2 other great ideas other great ideas for your book:for your book:

This site contains information about bookmaking, This site contains information about bookmaking, papermaking, pop-up books, deconstructed books, papermaking, pop-up books, deconstructed books, accordion books, and more!: accordion books, and more!: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middlehttp://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/paper.htm/paper.htmMake a book within a book.Make a book within a book.Make a small accordion book or a scroll.Make a small accordion book or a scroll.Create a paper weaving or a collage.Create a paper weaving or a collage.Make handmade paper.Make handmade paper.Make an altered book using an old book.Make an altered book using an old book.Add any artwork that you have created into the book, Add any artwork that you have created into the book, like your color wheel, prints, or drawings.like your color wheel, prints, or drawings.

The sky is the limit! Happy bookmaking!The sky is the limit! Happy bookmaking!

Bookmaking WebsitesBookmaking Websites

Coiled accordion book: Coiled accordion book: http://www.drstamping.com/accordian3.htmlhttp://www.drstamping.com/accordian3.html

Paste Paper, Accordion books and more: Paste Paper, Accordion books and more: http://www.sdmart.org/education-plans.html#boohttp://www.sdmart.org/education-plans.html#bookk

Princeton online, (paper making, bookmaking, Princeton online, (paper making, bookmaking, altered books, and more) Incredible Art altered books, and more) Incredible Art Department: Department: http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/http://www.princetonol.com/groups/iad/lessons/middle/paper.htmmiddle/paper.htm

ResourcesResourceshttp://http://www.hass.usu.edu/~anthromuseum/writing.htmlwww.hass.usu.edu/~anthromuseum/writing.htmlhttp://http://www.halfmoon.org/trans.htmlwww.halfmoon.org/trans.htmlhttp://www.thebookbinder.com/html/samples.htmhttp://www.thebookbinder.com/html/samples.htmhttp://www.bunzlfinepaper.co.uk/NewDesign/Information/Hihttp://www.bunzlfinepaper.co.uk/NewDesign/Information/History.htmstory.htmhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/Default.htmlhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/Default.htmlhttp://http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CUNEI.HTMwww.wsu.edu/~dee/GLOSSARY/CUNEI.HTMhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/tguide.htmlhttp://rmc.library.cornell.edu/Paper-exhibit/tguide.htmlhttp://www.xs4all.nl/~knops/timetab.htmlhttp://www.xs4all.nl/~knops/timetab.htmlhttp://www.silk-road.com/artl/diamondsutra.shtmlhttp://www.silk-road.com/artl/diamondsutra.shtmlhttp://www.ukans.edu/~bookhist/medbook1.htmlhttp://www.ukans.edu/~bookhist/medbook1.htmlhttp://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries/http://www.museum.upenn.edu/new/exhibits/galleries/egyptian.htmlegyptian.html