History of BookmakingHistory of BookmakingOrigins &Origins &

Japanese Stab-bindingJapanese Stab-binding

Origins of BookmakingOrigins of Bookmaking

Existed as long Existed as long as written wordas written word

Books = Books = literacy = literacy = “knowledge is “knowledge is power”power”

Books had Books had mystery, mystery, inspired aweinspired awe

Origins of BooksOrigins of Books

Runes: in EuropeRunes: in Europe Before booksBefore books Earliest recordings of Earliest recordings of

written languagewritten language– 200 – 1200 CE200 – 1200 CE

On stones, bone, On stones, bone, wood, metalwood, metal

Origins of Book FormsOrigins of Book Forms

11stst Books: Mesopotamia, Books: Mesopotamia, 44thth millennium BCE millennium BCE– Babylonians & AssyriansBabylonians & Assyrians

Clay Clay tabletstablets with with cuneiform writingcuneiform writing

Stored in clay Stored in clay “envelopes” to protect“envelopes” to protect

Business, laws/records, Business, laws/records, sciences, mathsciences, math– Epic of GilgameshEpic of Gilgamesh

Origins of Book FormsOrigins of Book Forms Scrolls: Ancient EgyptScrolls: Ancient Egypt Oldest Oldest scrollscroll = 2500 BC = 2500 BC Papyrus: plant fiberPapyrus: plant fiber

– Made books lighter, Made books lighter, portable, cheaperportable, cheaper

Dead Sea ScrollsDead Sea Scrolls– 11stst century CE century CE– Oldest Hebrew Biblical Oldest Hebrew Biblical

textstexts Egyptian Book of the Egyptian Book of the

DeadDead– hieroglyphicshieroglyphics

Origins of Book FormsOrigins of Book Forms

Rome: wax tablets (pugillares/tabulae)Rome: wax tablets (pugillares/tabulae)– Wood pages carved & filled with waxWood pages carved & filled with wax– Carved into/erased with Carved into/erased with stylusstylus– Strung together (like a binder)Strung together (like a binder)

Business, school usesBusiness, school uses

Origins of Book: EasternOrigins of Book: Eastern China: 868 CEChina: 868 CE Diamond SutraDiamond Sutra scroll scroll Buddhist, written in SanskritBuddhist, written in Sanskrit Oldest complete printed bookOldest complete printed book Also from China:Also from China:

– Ink rubbingsInk rubbings– Movable typeMovable type

Origins of Book FormsOrigins of Book Forms

Parchment: animal skin Parchment: animal skin cured & used for cured & used for manuscriptsmanuscripts– 500 BC = used for writing500 BC = used for writing

Helped make possible the Helped make possible the codexcodex form of books form of books– Even cheaper, more Even cheaper, more

portable, more “dangerous”portable, more “dangerous” Christianity popularized Christianity popularized

parchment & codex formparchment & codex form– Bible, sacred textsBible, sacred texts

Origins of Book ProductionOrigins of Book Production

Monks/monasteries: Monks/monasteries: MedievalMedieval period period– Copy ancient Copy ancient

texts/manuscriptstexts/manuscripts– ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated Illuminated ManuscriptsManuscripts: : decorated & decorated & embellished booksembellished books– Book of KellsBook of Kells– Malmesbury BibleMalmesbury Bible

Book ProductionBook Production

1440 CE: birth date 1440 CE: birth date of printing pressof printing press

Gutenberg: Gutenberg: invented movable invented movable metal type & pressmetal type & press

Bible: world’s 1Bible: world’s 1stst identically printed identically printed bookbook

Book ProductionBook Production

Printing press & movable type changed Printing press & movable type changed everything!everything!– Literacy possible = “knowledge is power”Literacy possible = “knowledge is power”– More books made = faster ways to More books made = faster ways to

bind/decoratebind/decorate

Book BindingBook Binding

55thth – 11 – 11thth Centuries Centuries CE: decoration of CE: decoration of coverscovers in precious in precious jewels, ivory, goldjewels, ivory, gold

1212thth Century: Century: leather leather toolingtooling (England) (England)

1515thth Century: Century: gold gold toolingtooling– From Italy & FranceFrom Italy & France

Book BindingBook Binding

1616thth Century: Century: embroidered embroidered fabricfabric– Queen Queen

Elizabeth IElizabeth I 1861: David 1861: David

Smyth invents Smyth invents book-sewing book-sewing machinemachine

Book Binding TermsBook Binding Terms

Forwarding: binding Forwarding: binding leaves (pages) togetherleaves (pages) together

Finishing: cover Finishing: cover decorationdecoration

Tooling: impressing Tooling: impressing decorationsdecorations– Fillet: linesFillet: lines– Roll: impresses Roll: impresses

border/ornamentborder/ornament– Gilt: gold, pressed Gilt: gold, pressed

between tool & coverbetween tool & cover

Japanese Book-bindingJapanese Book-binding Hundreds of years oldHundreds of years old Concertina book Concertina book

((arihanarihan)) Pouch binding (Pouch binding (fukara fukara

tajitaji)) Stab-bound book Stab-bound book

((retchasaretchasa))– rice paper pagesrice paper pages– Covers attached by Covers attached by

decorative stitching at decorative stitching at spinespine

Japanese Stab-bindingJapanese Stab-binding

Techniques you can Techniques you can choose from:choose from:– Traditional binding Traditional binding

((kangxikangxi))– Leaf-binding (Leaf-binding (asa asa

no-ha-tojino-ha-toji))– Tortoise-shell Tortoise-shell

binding (binding (kikko tojikikko toji))