biomolecules biologically important molecules organic compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
219 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Biomolecules
•Biologically important molecules
•Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
–Make incredible shapes
•Polymers- large molecules made up of repeated units of smaller molecules called monomers
![Page 2: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HH
H
H
C
Structural formula Ball-and-stick model
Space-filling model
Models of Methane
![Page 3: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Carbohydrates
• Sugars
• Monomer =(CH2O)n
• Monosaccharides:Glucose
• Oligosaccharides: Sucrose
• Polysaccharides: Cellulose
• Energy storage and structure
![Page 4: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
glucose fructose
sucrose+ H2O
![Page 5: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Cellulose chains Starch chain
![Page 6: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
cellulose
amylose (a starch)
glycogen
![Page 7: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Lipids
• Fats and oils
• Monomer = CH2
• Fats 1,2 or 3 fatty acids attached to glycerol
• Sterols- Cholesterol, Steroids
• Waxes- Beeswax
• Used for waterproofing, insulation and cell membranes
![Page 8: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 2.21cPage 29
![Page 9: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
stearic acid oleic acid linolenic acid
![Page 10: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
three fatty-acid tails
glycerol
triglyceride
+ 3H20
![Page 11: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
hydrophobic tails
hydrophilichead
![Page 13: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
two hydrophobic tails
hydrophilichead
cell membrane section
one layerof lipids
one layerof lipids
![Page 14: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sterol backbone
Cholesterol
![Page 15: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Proteins
• Monomer= Amino Acid
• Enzymes- Catalyze metabolic reactions
• Transport proteins- move things across membranes
• Structural proteins-keep the structure of cells
![Page 16: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Amino group (basic)
Carboxyl group (acidic)
R group (20 kinds with distinct properties)
![Page 17: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
alanine (ala)
valine (val)
tryptophan (trp)
methionine (met)
proline (pro)
![Page 18: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Linear primary structure
onepeptidegroup
![Page 19: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Tertiary structureSecondary
structure
![Page 20: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
![Page 21: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
heme group
helically coiledglobin molecule
alpha chain
beta chain alpha chain
beta chain
![Page 22: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Nucleic Acids
• Monomer: Nucleotide– ATP is a Nucleotide
• Molecules of inheritance: hold the code for how to make proteins
• Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid- DNA
• Ribose Nucleic Acid- RNA
![Page 24: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
nitrogen-containing
baseBall-and-stick model of ATP
3 phosphate groups
sugar
![Page 25: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Adenine(a base)
Thymine
Guanine Cytosine
phosphate group
sugar (deoxyribose)
![Page 26: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Single strand of DNA or RNA
sugar
phosphateconnected bycovalent bond
base
![Page 27: Biomolecules Biologically important molecules Organic Compounds- made mostly of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen –Make incredible shapes Polymers- large molecules](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032522/56649d6c5503460f94a4c22f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
hydrogen bonding between bases
covalent bonding in carbon backbone