Biological Acquisition Unit

Team Members:Fred AveryNy ‘Jaa BoboGene CouncilSalvatore Giorgi

Advisors:Dr. HelfertyDr. Pillapakkam

Outline of Presentation

• Mission Overviewo Objectiveo Theoryo Background / Previous Researcho Biological Analysiso Success Criteria

• Designo Constraintso Design Processo System Architecture

• Electrical System• Filtration System

o Block Diagramo Design Compliance

• Managemento Team Memberso Advisorso Budget Outline

Mission Overview

Objective• Measure the earth’s magnetic field as a function

of altitude. • Take biological samples in stratosphere and lower

mesosphere.• Measure flight dynamics of the rocket.

Theory• An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an

electrical device consisting of accelerometers and gyroscopes that are used to measure the rocket’s flight dynamics (roll, pitch, and yaw).

• The magnetometer will measure the strength and direction of the earth’s magnetic field.

• The filtration system will collect organic and inorganic material suspended in the atmosphere.

Background• In 2006, the European Science Foundation funded

an exploratory workshop on “Microbiological Meteorology” at the French National Agronomic Research Institute (INRA) in Avignon. o Potential roles of micro-organisms

• Act as cloud condensation nuclei and to participate in radiative forcing.

• Many airborne micro-organisms likely metabolize chemical components of aerosols thereby modifying atmospheric chemistry.

Previous Research• In 2008, a study identified bacterial species

Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus endophyticus, and the fungal genus Penicillium.

• In 2005, a study showed about 25% of the particles suspended in air in the size range of 0.2 to 50 μm are primary biological aerosol particles.

Biological Analysis• DAPI

o DAPI (6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a stain used in fluorescence microscopy. DAPI passes through cell membranes therefore it can be used to stain both live and fixed cells.

• BRDUo Bromodeoxyuridine (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine, BrdU) is a synthetic

nucleoside that is used for detecting actively dividing cells.• Genetic Sequencing

o Determines the number of nucleotides in sample’s DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

• Scanning Electron Microscopeo Scans the sample and re-generates image to be analyzed, i.e.

structural analysis of microbes

Success Criteria• Acquire Stratospheric specimen

o Collect a statistically significant sample to compare to previous studies.• Amount of samples• Type of microbes

• IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit)o Accurately and reliably record data such as:

• Velocity• Flight Dynamics • Gravitational Force

• Magnetometero Study magnetic field in upper atmosphere.o Compare experimental magnetic field to actual values .

Design

Constraints• The weight of the canister must not be more than

20+0.2lbs.• No power until after takeoff.• The center of gravity should lie within the 1x1x1

inch (x, y, z) envelope of the centriod of the payload canister.

• Maximum height is 4.75 inches and maximum diameter is 9.3 inches.

• No Lithium rechargeable batteries.

Design Process

Prepare Functional Design

Purchase Materials

Test Separate Components

Confirm System

Functionality

Data Acquisition

Compatibility, functionality, defects

chipKIT Max 32, magnetometer, G Switch, SD card, SD reader, NPT

valve, filter canister, filter

paper, IMU

Schematics, Module Placement on Plate

System Architecture

PIC32MICROCONTROLLER

IMU

MAGNETOMETER

2 GBSD CARD

and READER

2 9 VOLT

BATTERIES

G-SWITCH

KEY

Power Data

Valve for Bio-FiltrationSystem

Pic32 ChipKIT Microprocessor

Flash Memory: 512KRAM Memory: 128KOperating Voltage: 3.3VOperating Frequency: 80 MHzTypical Operating Current: 90 mAInput Voltage: 7 to 15VInput Voltage (maximum): 20VI/O Pins: 83Analog Inputs: 16Analog Input Voltage Range: 0V to 3.3VDC Current Per Pin: +/- 18 mA

Triple Axis Magnetometer HMC584

Power: 2.5 to 3.3 VField Range: +/- 4 GaussCurrent: 0.9 mABandwidth: 10 kHWeight: 50 mg

Atomic IMU - 6 Degrees of Freedom

Triple-axis accelerometerSensitivity: 1.5 g, 2 g, 4 g or 6 gSingle axis 300°/s gyroscopeVoltage: 3.4 to 10 VCurrent: 24 mABandwidth: 150 Hz (Z axis) 350 Hz (X and Y

axis)

Filter System• Connects to two ports: Static and Dynamic

o Dynamic port draws in sampleso Air flow exits through the static port

• Contains four filters in serieso Filters are decreasing in size from 5 to 0.2 μm

• Filter system terminates with NPT connector at each end.

Physical System

Design Compliance• Predicted final mass is 10+0.2 lbs

o IMU, magnetometer, batteries, SD card / reader, and microprocessor weigh less than 2 lbs

o Projected filtration system weight is less than 2 lbso More weight needed

• Payload Activationo G-switch

• Open circuit until g-switch activation

Management

Team MembersFred Avery (ME)• Filtration System• Center of gravity testing• Mass Flow Rates

Ny ‘Jaa Bobo (EE)• Hardware

• Magnetometer• IMU

• Power

Gene Council (EE)• Hardware

• Magnetometer• IMU

• Chip programming

Salvatore Giorgi (ECE)• Team Leader• Microprocessor

• Data Acquisition• Filtration System

AdvisorsElectrical

Dr. John HelfertyDepartment of Electrical and

Computer Engineering

MechanicalDr. Shriram Pillapakkam

Department of Mechanical Engineering

BiologicalDr. Erik CordesDepartment of Biology

Parts List / BudgetParts Manufacture Cost Quantity

Payload Canister - $6,000 1

chipKIT Max 32 Microchip$49.50

1

Magnetometer Honeywell $19.95 1

G-Switch Digikey $12.95 2

SD card 16 GB SanDisk $27.99 1

SD reader Microchip $37.99 1

¼” NPT Valve 2

Filter canister Millipore awaiting quote 4

Filter Paper Millipore awaiting quote 4

IMU Sparkfun $124.95 1

Conclusion• Issues

o Integrating filtration system with canistero Correctly implementing the SD card with the microprocessor

• Concernso Transporting samples from Virginia to Pennsylvaniao Properly sterilizing the filtration systemo Shared canister logistics

• Future Planso Order microprocessor, IMU, and magnetometero Design and build filtration system