biol 11 lesson 1 april 5 - arthropoda (1)
TRANSCRIPT
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Phylum Arthropoda:Phylum Arthropoda:ArthropodsArthropodsChapter 28: Arthropodspp. 606-631
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Biology fun facts of the day:
No two human beings have the same
fingerprint; likewise, no two spider webs are
the same.
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Mosquitoes dislike
citronella because it
irritates their feet. You're
more likely to be a
target for mosquitoes if
you consume bananas.
Biology fun facts of the day:
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Each year, insects eat 1/3 of the Earth's
food crop.
Biology fun facts of the day:
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Australian termites have been
known to build mounds twenty
feet high and at least 100 feet
wide.
Biology fun facts of the day:
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Introduction to ArthropodsIntroduction to ArthropodsPhylum Arthropoda - Latin arthro = “joint”, pod =
“foot”Bilateral symmetry3 cell layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm)Have a coelom (reduced to the excretory and
reproductive systems)
Key features:Jointed appendagesExoskeleton (made of chitin)Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen
segments)◦ Probably evolved from segmented wormlike animals, similar to
modern annelids
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Subphyla of ArthropodsSubphyla of Arthropods1) Subphylum Trilobita: ex: trilobites• Oldest subphylum, all extinct now, but ubiquitous for
many era.
2) Subphylum Chelicerata: ex: spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites, horseshoe crabs, etc.• Special mouthparts called chelicerae
3) Subphylum Crustacea: ex: crabs, lobsters, shrimp, etc.
• Over 35,000 species!
4) Subphylum Uniramia: ex: millipedes, centipedes, and all insects
• Huge group!
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Form and Function of Form and Function of ArthropodsArthropodsArthropods vary a lot, but share some key features:
• Jointed appendages• Exoskeleton• Segmented body•Brain located in the dorsal part of the head•Ventral nerve cord•Open circulatory system powered by a single heart
*3 most important features*
Grasshopper diagram
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Form and Function of Form and Function of ArthropodsArthropodsDigestive system: • Complete digestive tract (mouth anus)• Many arthropods have specialized
feeding parts• Every mode of feeding is seen
Examples:PredatorsFilter feedersParasitesScavengers (detritivores)Herbivores
etc.
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Respiratory system: 1) Gills – feathery structures (ex: crustaceans)
2) Book gills/lungs – pagelike sheets of respiratory tissue
(ex: chelicerates)3) Tracheae – network of tubes that carry air (ex:
uniramians)
Circulatory system:• Open circulatory system• Well-developed heart pumps blood through
arteries, which branch into smaller vessels which lead to open spaces called sinuses
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Excretory system: 1) Malpighian tubules (terrestrial arthropods) 2) Gills or green gland (aquatic arthropods)
Nervous system:• All arthropods have a brain that consists of
a pair of ganglia• Ventral nerve cord• Ganglia along nerve cord• Many sense organs may be present
Examples: Eyes (compound or simple) Antennae Statocysts Tympanic membrane Chemoreceptors
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Musculoskeletal system:• Movement only at joints• Muscles attached to inside of
exoskeleton• Arthropods moult when they grow
because exoskeleton won’t expandFreshly moulted
crabCrab moult
Cicada moult
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Babies look like miniature adults. They increase in size as they grow older, but do not change overall form.
Ex: grasshopper
Eggs hatch into larvae (immature stages that do not look like adults).As larvae grow, they change shape dramatically.
Ex: butterfly, bees, wasps
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Ecology of ArthropodsEcology of Arthropods Arthropods are the bottom of the food chain (ex:
copepods)
Pollination – co-evolution with flowering plants
Symbiotic relationships (ex: cleaner shrimp and fish)
Food source for humans (especially crustaceans)
Useful chemicals
Honey, silk
Disease carriers (ex: mosquitoes, mites, ticks)
Crop destruction, pesticides
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Video – “Arthropods”
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Homework for next class:Homework for next class:Complete Phylum Arthropoda worksheet
Read over class notes and check out the class blog: http://msoonscience.blogspot.com/
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Works CitedWorks CitedImages taken from the following
sources:http://www.news.cornell.edu/releases/Oct04/insects.openhouse.ssl.html
http://www.cracked.com/funny-1934-spiders/
http://www.police.oakland.edu/fingerprints
http://www.kiwicare.co.nz/index.cfm/1,182,0,0,html/No-Mosquitoes-Citronella-Candle
http://www.dealspice.com/
http://www.gardenguides.com/789-corn-rootworm-information.html
http://www.ent.uga.edu/veg/colecrops.htm
http://www.the-discount-travel-guide.com/Kakadu-National-Park.html
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/160/160S10_13print.html
http://www.thepoisonforest.com/?tag=trilobite
http://www.treehugger.com/files/2010/01/deadly-scorpion-venom-used-create-new-safer-pesticide.php
http://stirwordfest.wordpress.com/book-lung/
http://www.brisbaneinsects.com/brisbane_insects/GrasshopperHead.htm
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Works CitedWorks Citedhttp://www.wildsingapore.com/wildfacts/crustacea/moulting.htm
http://squirrelbasket.wordpress.com/2010/07/04/words-fledge-fletch-moult-mews-%E2%80%93-and-mould/
http://rohlenscience.pbworks.com/w/page/7859192/Insects-Notes
http://www.buyinsectcollection.com/identifying_insects
http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/content/knowhow/glossary/honey/
http://www.livingprairie.ca/livinglandscape/hikes/index.html
http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1532R-3016
http://www.raisethehammer.org/article/640
http://www.chacha.com/topic/arthropods
http://www.nooor.com/search/Invertebrate/&p=13