phylum arthropoda
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Phylum Arthropoda. What are arthropods?. Insects Crabs Spiders. Why are they grouped even though they are so different?. All have segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages. Question. What does “ exo ” mean – hint it means the same thing as “ ecto ”. Exoskeleton. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Phylum Arthropoda
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What are arthropods?
Insects Crabs Spiders
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Why are they grouped even though they are so different?
All have segmented bodies Tough exoskeleton Jointed appendages
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Question
What does “exo” mean – hint it means the same thing as “ecto”
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Exoskeleton
Tough outside covering armor
Made from protein and a carbohydrate CHITIN
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Question
How do arthropods grow if they have tough exoskeletons, that don’t grow?
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Answer
Arthropods molt – means they shed their exoskeleton and grow a new one
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DdpNBOiRbgg
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Variations in Exoskeletons
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Question
What is an appendage?
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Appendages
Arthropods have jointed appendages This is why they got their name – means “jointed foot”
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Groups of Arthropods
Mandibulates Chelicerates Insects
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Mandibulates
Typically in subphylum Crustacea Primarily aquatic Typically have 2 pairs of branched antennae 2 or 3 body sections Mandibles (chewing mouthparts)
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Mandibulates Pictures
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Typical Crustacean
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Question
Where have you seen the prefix “cepha” before
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Cephalothorax
Formed by fusion of the head and thorax (right after head)
Most of the internal organs are inside
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Abdomen
Posterior part of the body
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Carapace
Part of exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax
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Appendages
Projecting part of an organism – can you give me examples?
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Appendages in Mandibulates
Pair 1 & 2 – antennae 3rd pair – mandible – what are these?
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Appendages in Mandibulates
Crayfishes, Lobsters, & Crabs are members of the largest group of crustaceans – order Decapoda
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Question
What does “deca” mean?
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Order Decapoda
Have 5 pairs of legs = 10 legs total 1st pair called chelipeds adapted into large claws Other 4 pairs – walking legs Swimmerets – along abdomen flipperlike appendages
used for ….
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Barnacles - Mandibulates
Sessile – what does that mean?
Lost their abdominal segments & no longer use mandibles
Used to be classified as mollusks because of shell like covering
Are ectoparasites – what does that mean?
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Questions
What are the body segments of a crustacean? What are the first 2 pairs of appendages used for? What are swimmerets used for? What does decapod mean?
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Chelicerata (sub phylum)
Horseshoe crabs Sea spiders
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Chelicerate Body Plan
Mouthparts called chelicerae 2 body sections (same as crustacean which are?) Nearly all have 4 pairs of walking legs Have 2 pairs of appendages attached near the mouth
(adapted as mouthparts) 1 pair chelicerae (fangs) Other pair pedipalps (grab prey)
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Question
What does “pedi” mean?
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Chelicerate Groups
Horseshoe Crabs Sea Spiders
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Horseshoe CrabsClass Meristomata
Called a “living fossil” because they have remained unchanged for 500 million years
Not true crabs – anatomy closer to a spider Have chelicerae, 5 pairs of walking legs, and a long
spikelike tail - telson
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Class Pycnogonida
Found all over in oceans but especially in polar seas Typically have 4 pairs of walking legs (some may have
more) Some males have an extra pair of appendages to carry
eggs – only known marine invert. That males carry the eggs.
Feed on cnidarians and other soft invertebrates – they extract juices with a long sucking proboscis
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Questions
What are the two groups of chelicerates? What is a cephalothorax? How many body segments do chelicerates have?