biobased economy - uhasselt · bio-economy and biobased economy. the bio-economy includes all...
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Overview
What is a biobased economy?
Why do we need a biobased economy?
Is biobased always more sustainable than fossil?
How can we realize the transition towards a biobased
economy?
What is the role of education in that transition?
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What is biomass? A definition ...
‘biomass’ means the biodegradable fraction of products, wasteand residues from biological origin from agriculture (including vegetal and animal substances), forestry and related industries including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable
fraction of industrial and municipal waste
Source: Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/EC)
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Biomass as energy source
Oldest energy source wood and harvest residues fuel for cooking and heating still daily reality in large parts of the world
Renewable energy source replenishes itself non-depletable
Sustainable energy source CO2-neutral (see next slide)
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Biomass as energy source
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short carbon cycle
carbon capture and utilization
Biomass as energy source
Why does the demand for biomass as energy source increase?
Paris Agreement (12th December 2015)
20/20/20 goals EU by 2020 20% cut in GHG emissions (from 1990 levels) 40% by 2030 20% of EU energy from renewables 27% by 2030 20% improvement in energy efficiency
What after 2020? EU Energy Roadmap 2050 80-95% cut in GHG emissions (from 1990 levels) 55-75% of EU energy from renewables
(until 97% in electricity consumption)
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Biomass as energy source
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Energy use in Flanders 2016Source: Energy balance Flanders 1990-2016
Biomassa als energiebron
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Gross green power production in FlandersSource: Inventory renewable energy sources Flanders 2005-2017
Biomass as energy source
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Use of biomass for energy purposes in FlandersSource: Inventory renewable energy sources Flanders 2005-2017
Cascading
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optimal usage in time in value in function
avoid conflicts in biomassuse
lowest priority for energy applications
Bio-economy and biobased economyThe bio-economy includes all activities related to the production of biomass, and the ways in
which the biomass and its residues can be used subsequently.
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Bio-economy and biobased economyThe biobased economy (BBE) is the part of the bio-economy
in which biobased materials and energy are produced and biomass is used in processes.
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Biobased and circular economy
Both are solutions for efficient use of resources andsustainability
Integration of both concepts is even more powerful,i.e. circular economy should contain a renewable
dimension from the start by replacing depletableresources by renewable resources
biobased economy should be circular at the end bypaying attention to the ‘end-of-life’: also materials fromrenewable resources are kept in the cycle by resuse, recycling, etc.
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Bron: Van Buggenhout, Eva en Van Gijseghem Dirk (2016) “De Vlaamse bio-economie strategie, heden en toekomst” Departement LV
Why a biobased economy?
Vision and strategy of the Flemish government for a sustainable and competitive bio-economy by 2030
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Why a biobased economy?
Finiteness of the fossil fuel reserves
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natural gas oil coal
Why a biobased economy?
Population growth food security increased demand for natural fibers for clothing and living
Safe, secured, sustainable and affordable energy(Energy Roadmap 2050) increased role of intermittent energy sources (sun and
wind) in the total energy mix need for energy storage (e.g. biomass) bio-energy contributes to the stability of the electricity grid
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Why a biobased economy?
opportunities for green growth in the crossborder region Flanders-Netherlands
in the next 5 years there will be around5000 ‘biobased’ jobs and 3000 ‘circular’ jobs
BBE will have the greatest impact on the chemistry/biotech sector both in large enterprisis in which the BBE is (slowly)
included in the portfolio of activities as well as in small enterprises who position themselves
from the start as a BBE compony
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Why a biobased economy?
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Bron: Sustainable use of and creation of value from renewable raw materials for biobased industrial production such as biomaterials and green chemicals in Flanders (2016)
Examples
What? valorisation of particleboard, brewer’s spent grain, ... to
biochar and activated carbon
How? Pyrolysis
Business model? Furniture manufacturers now pay 90 EUR for the disposal of
one ton of particleboard waste ACT&SORB processes this waste at a lower cost
Activated carbon yield is 33% higher compared to fresh wood feedstock ACT&SORB can supply activated carbon at a lower price
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Examples
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Alternative aviation fuels can replace up to 50% of fossil based kerosene
HEFA$0.91/l
FT$1.15/l
Kerosine$0.64/l
Examples
Co-innovation by processing of expired food from supermarkets, and pig/chicken manure
Insects for food, feed, chemistry and agriculture low-grade biomass high-grade protein for feed chitin keeps food in plastic foil fresh longer
wound healing + blood solidification in band aid(black soldier fly does not transmit diseases)
replacement of fish meal for (overfishing) fish farms
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Example
Biobased PEF (polyethylene furanoate) to replace fossil PET (polyethylene terephtalate) better barrier for O2 and CO2
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Is biobased always more sustainable than fossil?
Is biomass truely environmentally friendly?
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preference for the use of locally available biomass
https://www.pre-sustainability.com/news/bio-based-products-are-always-good-myth-or-not
Advantages CO2 neutral renewable finitness of fossil resources reduced dependency on fossil resources
Disadvantages fertilizers
emissions of N2O (nitrous oxide): 298 CO2-eq. leaching of N and P to ground and surface water
use of fossil fuels for the production of manure, transport, ... land use change (LUC)
Is biobased always more sustainable than fossil
LCA - T. Kuppens 3727/02/2019
Is biobased always more sustainable than fossil?
1st, 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels
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1st• low energy efficiency• competition with food
2nd• higher energy efficiency• use of residues and wastes
3rd• no competition with farmland• algae
Is biobased always more sustainable than fossil?
Indirect land use change (ILUC)
Cause?Occupation of non-agricultural land for the production of biomass (e.g. van niet-landbouwgronden voor de productie van biomassa (vb. chopping trees in rainforest)
Consequences? increase of CO2 emissions monoculture reduced biodiversity
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SWOT analysis BBE in Flanders
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Strength- Knowledge base (biotechnology, process
technology), - (Modern) agriculture, - Strength industry (food, chemistry,
energy), - Logistic sector,- Frontrunner in sorting and recycling of
waste..
Weaknesses- Availability of land, - Dense population, - High environmental pressure, - Weak research valorisation,- Weak participation of industry in
European funding programs- Fragmented research landscape,- Extended regulation and complexity of
Belgian institutional structure, - Little funding programs for valorisation
of biobased applications.
Opportunities- Existing policy and initiatives, e.g.
transversal action materials management, biomass inventory, ...,
- Co-operation with the Netherlands- Entrepreneurial mindset within
companies
Threats- Little own technology development,- Growing competition from cooperating
European clusters without involvement of Flanders and other pilot installations,
- Insufficient harmonization of legislation and policy.
Vision of the Flemish government
Five strategic goals SD1: Development of a coherent Flemish policy supporting
and facilitating a sustainable bio-economy. SD2: Bring Flanders at the top for training and education
and research and development in future-oriented bio-economy clusters.
SD3: Biomass is produced optimally and sustainablythroughout the full value chain
SD4: Strengthen markets and competitiveness of bio-economy sectors in Flanders.
SD5: Make Flanders an important partner in European and international partnerships.
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Transition to a biobased economy
Clear vision not only product and process optimization also structural changes in systems fulfilling societal
functions (e.g. energy, mobility and food system) Biomass is heterogeous range of technologies New supply chains
large diversity in quality (cf. contaminated verge cuttings) large seasonal variety
Innovation of business models: co-creation Labour market
volume of employment content of professions and competences
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What is the role of education?
Demand for greener employment profiles byintroducing sustainability within education
Market consultation: “The professional of the future of the Biobased Economy”1. Round table discussions with experts from the BBE2. Quantitative market consultation among enterprises 3. Focus group
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Which competences are important according to BBE firms?
Need for multidisciplinary profiles that are capable of valorizing technological innovation systems thinking integration of sustainability as learning line in education
(1st place in list of valorisation competences,even ranked higher than cost calculation)
do not put (business) economics in a separate course, but integrate financial feasibility within a research/design project for biobased innovations
learn to cooperate across disciplines and educational levels relational and communication competences improve sense of responsibility
entrepreneurial education
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Learning line systems and sustainability thinking
Co-development of educational material for1. Systems thinking
identify all relevant actors in the value chain of the biobased economy
analyze mutual relations and interdependency between all actors/stakeholders
investigate the consequences of the choices w.r.t. the BBE on existing systems (consumption, production, energy, mobility, food, ...)
2. Sustainability thinking imrpove the positive attitude towards sustainability development of technological solutions for societal challenges that
create additional value in three domains: ecologically, socially and economically
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Learning line systems and sustainability thinking
Didactical approach for the integration of sustainability in professional behaviour
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Vragen?
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Prof. dr. Tom KuppensAssistant [email protected]+32 11 26 87 55
UHasselt - CMKEnvironmental Economics
Academic coordinator postgraduate Biobased and Circular Economy
Website: www.cleantecheconomics.be