Three Therapeutic Options for the Ailing Respiratory System

Bio 120 – CDL Section WW10Cristina Hategan

June 20, 2014

Cipro (ciprofloxacin) Flonase (fluticasone propionate)

Allegra (fexofenadine hydrochloride)

Overview

• Drug Name (branded and generic)

• Molecule and Mechanism of Action (MOA)

• Indications and Usage

BRAND: CIPRO

GENERIC: Ciprofloxacin

FORMULATION: tablet, suspension

USE: Antibiotic

MOLECULE:

Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/cipro-drug.htm

Mechanism of Action

SURVIVAL

• DNA replication• Transcription• Repair• Recombination

Bacteria

• Bacteria utilize the 4 mechanisms (above) to survive• Ciprofloxacin inhibits these 4 mechanisms• Inhibition of these mechanisms kills the bacteria

Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/cipro-drug.htm

Indication and Use• urinary tract infections• acute uncomplicated cystitis• chronic bacterial prostatitis• Lower respiratory tract

infections• Acute sinusitis• skin and skin structure infections• bone and joint infections• complicated intra-abdominal

infections (used in combination with metronidazole)

• infectious diarrhea• typhoid fever (enteric fever)• uncomplicated cervical and

urethral gonorrhea• inhalational anthrax (post-

exposure)Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/cipro-drug.htm

BRAND: Flonase

GENERIC: fluticasone propionate

FORMULATION: Nasal spray

USE: non-allergic and allergic rhinitis

MOLECULE:

Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/flonase-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm

What is Rhinitis?

• Inflammation of the nasal mucosa

• Can be triggered by bacteria, virus, or allergens

• Mast cells are central to the pathophysiology of rhinitis

• Release of histamine by mast cells trigger the symptoms associated with the disease (itching, runny nose, sneezing, etc)

• Eosinophils and Basophils have also been showed to be involved

Accessed: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhinitis

Mechanism of Action

Mast cell BasophilEosinophil

• These 3 cells types have a role in rhinitis

• Fluticasone proprionate inhibit activity in these cell types

• The result is anti-inflammation

Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/flonase-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm

Indication and Use

• Nasal Spray is indicated for the management of the nasal symptoms of seasonal and perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in adults and pediatric patients 4 years of age and older.

Accessed: http://www.rxlist.com/flonase-drug/clinical-pharmacology.htm

BRAND: Allegra

GENERIC: fexofenadine hydrochloride

FORMULATION: tablet

USE: Anti-histamine

MOLECULE:

Accessed: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=8262

Mechanism of Action

Mast cell

• When body encounters allergen, mast cells are activated

• Histamine granules are released

• Histamine can act on blood vessels and nerves to induce erythema and itching, respectively

• Elicits “allergy symptoms”

Accessed: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=8262

Allergy symptoms

Mechanism of Action

Accessed: http://www.optometricmanagement.com/content/archive/2008/may/images/om_may_a16_fig04.jpg

• Anti-histamines bind to the histamine receptors

• Blocks the histamine from binding to the receptor

• Reduces the symptoms associated with allergy

Indication and Use

• Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis

ALLEGRA (fexofenadine hcl) is indicated for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal allergic rhinitis in adults and children 2 years of age and older.

• Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria

ALLEGRA (fexofenadine hcl) is indicated for treatment of uncomplicated skin manifestations of chronic idiopathic urticaria in adults and children 6 months of age and older.

Accessed: http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/archives/fdaDrugInfo.cfm?archiveid=8262

Cipro (ciprofloxacin) Flonase (fluticasone propionate)

Allegra (fexofenadine hydrochloride)

Thank You!