Faculty of Civil, Geo and Environmental Engineering Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Prof. Dr.-Ing. André Borrmann Faculty of Architecture Chair of Architectural Informatics Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Petzold

BIM-based Facility Management 27. July 2018 Report Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Maximilian Schnizer

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite I Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics Table of Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 2. Basics ............................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 What is Facility Management? ................................................................................ 2 2.2 What is Building Information Modeling? ................................................................... 3 3. Building Information Modeling in Facility Management ................................................... 5 3.1 Potential of BIM in Facility Management .................................................................. 5 3.2 Integrating BIM in Facility Management ................................................................... 7 4. Interoperability ................................................................................................................ 8 4.1 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) .......................................................................... 8 4.2 Information Delivery Manual (IDM) .........................................................................10 4.3 Model View Definition (MVD) ..................................................................................11 4.4 Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) ...........................11 4.5 The Basic FM Handover View ................................................................................13 4.6 CAFM-Connect ......................................................................................................16 5. BIM-based tools for Facility Management ......................................................................17 5.1 CAFM-System and CAFM-Software .......................................................................17 5.2 YouBIM ..................................................................................................................17 5.3 ArchiFM.net ............................................................................................................18 5.4 Allplan Allfa ............................................................................................................19 5.5 eTask .....................................................................................................................19 6. Advantages and Limitations of the BIM-based tools ......................................................21 6.1 YouBIM ..................................................................................................................21 6.2 ArchiFM.net ............................................................................................................21 6.3 Allplan Allfa ............................................................................................................21 6.4 eTask .....................................................................................................................21 6.5 Which tools support the Basic FM Handover View .................................................22 7. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................23 8. Literature .......................................................................................................................24

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite II Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics List of Figures Figure 1: Facility Management – combining place, process and people (EuroFM, 1999) ....... 2 Figure 2: The consistent use of data throughout all disciplines (Borrmann, et al., 2015) ........ 3 Figure 3: value of information in traditional building process and in BIM-based working process (Eastman, 2011) ...................................................................................................... 6 Figure 4: The layers of the IFC data model (Borrmann, et al., 2015). .................................... 9 Figure 5: Extract of the Exchange Requirements for the "Basic Handover to FM" (Liebich, et al., 2009) ..............................................................................................................................10 Figure 6:The structure and content of COBie Data (Ainsworth, 2013). .................................12 Figure 7: (National Institute of Building Sciences, 2018). ......................................................12 Figure 8: Exchange Requirements in tabular form (Liebich, 2009)........................................13 Figure 9: Exchange Requirements with linked Model View Definition (Liebich, 2009). ..........14 Figure 10: Legend of the ER list (Liebich, 2009). ..................................................................14 Figure 11: MVD of Basic FM Handover (Liebich, et al., 2009). .............................................15 Figure 12: Entity Project with the inheritance hierarchy (Liebich, et al., 2009). .....................16

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 1 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 1. Introduction The topic “digitalization in construction” was mainly carried into German construction enterprises by the “Reform commission construction of large projects” (Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur, 2015). The digital transformation, frequently grouped together under the term Building Information Modeling (BIM), has gained in importance. The efforts of architects and construction companies to build up competencies in this new field is apparent. However, a lot of Owners and Facility Managers have not realized that BIM is creating new opportunities to them (Eastman, 2011). Considering that 80% of the total costs of the whole building lifecycle are occurring during the operation phase makes the substantial economic potential in Facility Management (FM) visible (Nävy, 2006). In this paper Building Information Modeling in Facility Management is discussed. To create a uniform understanding of these terms, the questions “What is Facility Management?” and “What is BIM?” are answered. Before coming to BIM-based Facility Management it is necessary to think about the potential of BIM in FM and how to integrate it. What are the main possibilities to focus on and what are the main barriers for integration. Still, one of the biggest challenges for BIM in FM is the consistent data exchange from the construction phase to the operation and maintenance phase. This barrier leads us to the term interoperability, which is discussed for the open data schema Industry Foundation Classes (IFC). For a special model exchange between two or more disciplines the Model View Definition (MVD) is required. IFC provides The Basic FM Handover View. This MVD enables the handover from planning and design applications to facility management applications. The MVD can be used by software providers to develop IFC exporters and importers. Finally, BIM-based tools for FM are introduced. The tools are representing the current state of BIM-based Facility Management. By identifying advantages and limitations of the BIM-based tools it is possible to conclude about the state of BIM in FM and to develop concrete actions for a further progress.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 2 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 2. Basics 2.1 What is Facility Management? Facility Management describes a wide range of tasks, but what is it about? Facility Management (FM) centres about the three elements Place, People and Process (Figure 1). Facility Management is about managing an asset (place) by controlling the tasks of people and processes required for the operation of the building (EuroFM, 1999). A more detailed definition of Facility Management provides the International Facility Management Association (IFMA), the world´s largest and most widely recognized association for FM: “Facility management is a profession that encompasses multiple disciplines to ensure functionality of the built environment by integrating people, place, process and technology” (May, 2013). This definition clarifies that Facility Management is going across divisions, meaning information is gathered from a lot of different sources. This makes it essential for facility managers, that all collected information is managed and structured in a systematic way (May, 2013). Figure 1: Facility Management – combining place, process and people (EuroFM, 1999)

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 3 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics FM processes can differentiate between buildings and therefore a detailed look at FM processes is not expedient. In the chapter 3.1 Potential of BIM in Facility Management recurring processes, which are important for BIM in FM, are pointed out. As a conclusion, a structured and defined working method, which has efficient data processing is necessary for a successful Facility Management. This leads us to the working method Building Information Modeling (BIM). 2.2 What is Building Information Modeling? Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a digital working method that deals with the entire lifecycle of a building. The basis for the working method is the Building Information Model. The Model is an information database which virtually represents the physical and functional properties of a building and provides all project information centrally (National Institute of Building Science, 2018). Building Information Modeling describes the continuous working process from the design, through the care, to the management of the building models. Figure 2 represents the idea of the consistent digital working method BIM in the lifecycle of a building. Figure 2: The consistent use of data throughout all disciplines (Borrmann, et al., 2015)

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 4 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics BIM is not a software solution, it describes a human activity and therefore also involves the change of working processes from the early design phase to the facility management (Eastman, 2011). Specific BIM topics will be introduced and explained in the respective chapters. More detailed explanation would go beyond the scope of the discussion.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 5 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 3. Building Information Modeling in Facility Management In this chapter the potential of BIM in Facility Management and how to integrate BIM in Facility Management are discussed. Considering that 80% of the total costs of the whole building lifecycle are occurring during the operation phase makes the substantial economic potential in Facility Management visible (Nävy, 2006). 3.1 Potential of BIM in Facility Management Even though Building Information Modeling is a highly discussed topic in the building industry nowadays, people are still questioning about the additional benefit of BIM. In a general view BIM creates the opportunity to achieve more sustainable and higher performance buildings, by reducing resources and risks compared to traditional practices (Eastman, 2011). Especially the consistent use of digital data throughout the lifecycle of a facility promises an increase of productivity with a simultaneous decrease of errors (Borrmann, et al., 2015). The consistent use of digital data can be achieved by working with building information models. With open interfaces the digital data and information can be handed over throughout all disciplines and no redundant entries are necessary. Figure 2 describes the consistent use of data throughout all disciplines. Facility Management can also benefit of these general advantages, such as elimination of data loss and redundant entries (May, 2013). Still a main problem of the traditional practice is how to hand over all the information of the design and construction phase to the facility manager and how to handle all these data. A case study of the coast guard facility planning “records a 98 percent reduction in time and effort to produce and update the facility management database by using a building information model” (Eastman, 2011). The building information model delivers important parametric information such as list of installed windows or doors, ventilation system, and geometric information such as floor plans, views and rescue plans. The potential of BIM in facility management is more than only a reduction in time by exporting information to start the system. When you look at Figure 3, you can see the value of facility documentation in a BIM-based working process is higher than in traditional building process. The value at the interface of construction and facility startup is higher to the traditional one and the drop of information is not existing. Only during the facility startup phase a decrease of the value of facility documentation can be seen. The advantage for the

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 6 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics Facility manager are more detailed information, less of effort to produce relevant information and the access to these information from the commissioning of the building (Eastman, 2011).

Figure 3: value of information in traditional building process and in BIM-based working process (Eastman, 2011) Facility Management can benefit of more detailed information which can be very helpful for analysis and evaluations of the facility. This can lead to a decrease of operating costs and energy consumption (May, 2013). During the operating phase the building information model is the base for reconstruction measures. All measures should be updated to the model. Also, information of the operating phase such as booking plan, cleaning frequency are necessary input for the model, whereof potential and advantages can derive (May, 2013). Furthermore, with a BIM-based facility management the impact of retrofit or maintenance work on the facility can be rapidly evaluated (Eastman, 2011).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 7 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics The beginning of facility management is not the operating phase, it starts with the design phase. In BIM projects a lot of decisions have to be made in early design stages. This leads to resilient models which enables the opportunity for a higher performance building for example through energy analysis. 3.2 Integrating BIM in Facility Management In Chapter 2.1 and 3.1 the huge potential and the characteristics of FM where introduced. For a successful integration of BIM in FM there are many things which are difficult to handle, and which have to be observed well. The biggest challenge of the integration of BIM in FM is the break between the construction phase and the operation phase. On the one hand there is the construction company, finished with all the work and on the other hand there is the facility manager starting with the work. This is a huge barrier for the information and data flow. The main challenge is to handover all relevant information without any data loss. In practice this means if there is an as-built model all relevant data from the model are exported an are imported in the software tool of the facility manager. To overcome this hurdle interfaces are necessary, which guarantee a consistent data exchange. Possibilities are shown in the chapter 4 Interoperability. In addition to the “late” integration, Facility Management should be integrated in the design phase as well. In Chapter 3.1 the benefits of higher performance buildings through an early integration of FM in the design phase are pointed out. By integrating BIM with augmented reality, members of the FM Team are able to interact with buildings using tablets, smart glasses and phones to better visualize the scale and intricacy of Operation and Maintenance (O&M) tasks (M. Reza Hosseini, 2018). Nevertheless, in Facility Management geometrical information is not as important as attributes of elements or documents. Therefore, a standardized handover is the most important integration step for BIM in FM.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 8 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 4. Interoperability 4.1 Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) During design phase, execution and commissioning of a building, information and data are handed over between different parties. The import and export of data causes big problems because multiple software products are used with different formats. To face these problems a standardized data model for the exchange of building information models was developed. The independent and vendor-neutral exchange format is called Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and was developed by the International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The IAI was founded in 1995. In 2005 the non-profit organization changed their name to buildingSMART (Borrmann, et al., 2015). Interoperability between software applications prevent a potential loss of information. Therefore, for the handover from the construction company to the facility manager a standardized interface is important. The development of the IFC is based on the ISO-Standard STEP (ISO 10303). The Data Modelling language used is EXPRESS. By using this language, the limitations of the geometry-oriented exchange formats, that no semantics only pure geometry is handed over, is not the case in IFC (Borrmann, et al., 2015). The product model contains geometry and semantics. For Facility Management this is very important because most information needed for CAFM-Software are non-geometric attributes. The IFC data model is divided into layers, as you can see in Figure 4. The layer structure allows it to be extensible. The main idea is that elements in the upper layer can relate to elements from lower layers. But lower layers can not relate to elements in upper layers. This concept guarantees the independence of the elements in the kernel (Borrmann, et al., 2015). On March 2013 the new edition of the buildingSMART standard IFC has been officially released. IFC 4 supersedes the Version IFC 2x3, which has been released in 2008 (buildingSMART International Ltd., 2018). As already mentioned above, the IFC stands for a comprehensive and neutral standard, which is used for the description of a digital model. It only gives you a data structure defining how data should be exchanged. The data structure alone is not sufficient enough for a useful utilization in terms of a planning process. Therefore, it must be determined which information should be made available by whom and for what project participant. To encounter this

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 9 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics problem buildingSMART developed the Information Delivery Manual (IDM). This method defines the exchange processes in form of graphical notations, from where the exchange requirements derive (Borrmann, et al., 2015).

Figure 4: The layers of the IFC data model (Borrmann, et al., 2015).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 10 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 4.2 Information Delivery Manual (IDM) With the IDM/MVD-method a standardized agreement about the content of a model was developed. The IDM covers the professional requirement, the Model View Definition (MVD) includes the technical requirements (Borrmann, et al., 2015). To get the knowledge about a certain exchange process a Process Map (PM) is produced. The map is a graphical representation of a particular information exchange process. With this work step involved members, specific tasks, and required, used and produced information are elaborated. In the second step Exchange Requirements (ER) are identified and listed. ER represent conditions for the handover model. An example for an exchange requirement for Facility Management could be: “Every room needs a type of use” (Borrmann, et al., 2015). Figure 5 shows an extract of the exchange requirements for the Basic Handover to Facility Management. The list shows the exchange requirements for the attribute group Window type. It is sorted by building components. Additionally, to every Property definitions and notes, examples and further explanations and comments are listed. After the introduction of COBie we will have a closer look at the ER for the Basic Handover to Facility Management. Figure 5: Extract of the Exchange Requirements for the "Basic Handover to FM" (Liebich, et al., 2009)

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 11 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics After the ER list is completed a Model View Definition is created, which defines a subset of the IFC schema, that is needed to satisfy the Exchange Requirements (buildingSMART International Ltd., 2018). 4.3 Model View Definition (MVD) The Model View Definition is a filtered view of the full IFC schema. It allows to exploit specific packages of model information to make a particular use. In an open BIM surrounding MVDs are a very powerful tool. For example, when a cost estimation is made not every single information of the model is needed, the QTO MVD export only the relevant information for the cost estimation. In this paper the MVD for Facility Management the “Basic FM Handover view” will be analysed. Some more MVD´s released by IFC are the “Coordination View” and the “Structural Analysis View” (buildingSMART International Ltd., 2018). 4.4 Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) After the construction phase is over a lot of information about the building has been accumulated. All relevant information for operation and maintenance need to be filtered out and properly digitally documented. To avoid this time-consuming work a standard has been developed to store data during design and construction phase. COBie stands for Construction Operations Building information exchange and is an international standard for the exchange of information between construction and operation phase (East, 2016). Geometrical information is secondary, the main focus lies on the description of rooms and the technical building equipment. Typical information which is handed over with COBie are for example the type of device, its manufacturer and its serial number. This information is complemented through documents like maintenance instructions or technical drawings (Borrmann, et al., 2015). The general structure of COBie-data is shown in Figure 6.

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Figure 6:The structure and content of COBie Data (Ainsworth, 2013). The two most important information for a facility manager about a facility are spatial information and about the equipment. These two elements are described in multiple sheets. The most common known representation of COBie is the COBie spreadsheet. This spreadsheet is provided in a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet format and therefore is human readable (Figure 7). To make COBie as useful as possible several formats are available. For software exchange during design process COBie uses the IFC open standard (Eastman, 2011). A COBie Model View definition was developed by IFC in 2013 (East, 2016). Figure 7: (National Institute of Building Sciences, 2018). What makes COBie so powerful, is the huge popularity. Many software products in the fields of asset planning and facility management have added the option of COBie data in their products (Borrmann, et al., 2015).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 13 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 4.5 The Basic FM Handover View The IFC 2x3 Basic FM Handover View aims to be a

Handover from planning and design applications to CAFM and CMMS applications Handover from construction and commissioning software to CAFM and CMMS applications (BuildingSMART International Ltd., 2018). To achieve these goals, the Basic FM Handover View defines the general requirements for design applications to enable the handover of facility management information (BuildingSMART International Ltd., 2018). These requirements have been listed in the following ER list (Figure 8). In the left column of the list the Object Type is entered. The Object Type is subdivided in Attribute Groups and Property. Properties are here in this extract Exchange purpose, Author, Company etc. In the next column Defintions and notes are written down. It is an explanation for the editor to make clear what kind of information is demanded. For the Property Author it is stated that the Name of the creator of the FM HandOver data set has to be the input. The Column Example and further explanations gives a possibility how the query of the Property Author can look like. In this case a user setting – application need to provide User Interface (UI) is the suggestion. The next column Comments shows where in COBie2 the queried information about the Author is stored. The Letter M in the Column Export stands for the word mandatory. This means the property is required for the Export. The point on the list is the column Import. Figure 8: Exchange Requirements in tabular form (Liebich, 2009).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 14 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics BuildingSMART gives the Exchange Requirements linked with the Model View Definition in a tabular form (Figure 9). Therefore, the list is expanded by the column IFC Model Representation and the MVD binding. As an example, for the Property Name (Object Type=Project; Attribute Group=Project Attributes) the IFC Model Representation is IfcProject.LongName. In this column the IFC-type of the data model is listed which belongs to or represents the Attribute/Property. The MVD binding defines rules, such as Exchange Requirements Model (ERM) rules and implementation agreements, on top of the IFC model. The rules define the requirements for how IFC must be applied in a specific case. Furthermore, rules must be coordinated, so that there are no conflicting rules in different cases (Karlshoej, 2011). Figure 9: Exchange Requirements with linked Model View Definition (Liebich, 2009). For a better understanding of the Exchange Requirement list the legend of the document is listed (Figure 10). Figure 10: Legend of the ER list (Liebich, 2009).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 15 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics Beside the tabular form of the Exchange Requirements with linked Model View Definition buildingSMART provides a Model View Definition in a graphical form. A general overview with the relevant entities for FM handover of the IFC data model is given in Figure 11. Figure 11: MVD of Basic FM Handover (Liebich, et al., 2009). In Figure 9 we choose the attribute Name of the Object Type Project to explain the ICF Model Representation. From the entity ifcProject, the classes Project Attributes, Project Units and Project Decomposition derive. The subclasses of Project Attributes are ifcProject.Globalid, ifcProject.Name, ifcProject.Description, ifcProject.Phase and ifcProject.LongName. In the graphical form, as well as in the tabular form the attributes Description and Phase are crossed and greyed out, which means, that they are not used for Basic FM Handover View.

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Figure 12: Entity Project with the inheritance hierarchy (Liebich, et al., 2009). 4.6 CAFM-Connect The CAFM-Connect is an initiative to standardize the digital data management in the operation phase. It was developed by the Association for Digitalization in Real Estate Operations (CAFM RING e.V.). CAFM-Connect is an open interface based on the data model standard IFC. It consists out of the BIM-profile and CAFM-Connect Editor. The BIM-profiles describe a specific use case, containing use case specific data. A lot of BIM-profiles are available on the website of CAFM-Connect (CAFM RING e.V., 2018). The CAFM-Connect Editor contains basic BIM-profiles. There is the possibility to upload more specific BIM-profiles to the Editor. With the Editor you can define rooms in the building, their type of use (after DIN 277-2) and can add doors or windows (after DIN 276) to the respective room. When finished with the recording of the building data, you can store the data in an IFCXML file. The IFC-file can be imported to a CAFM-Software with an IFC-interface (CAFM RING e.V., 2018). With this short introduction of CAFM-Connect the reader should get an insight about the recent efforts of the digitalization in the operation phase. In case of BIM they still lag behind other disciplines but the topic getting more and more important.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 17 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 5. BIM-based tools for Facility Management 5.1 CAFM-System and CAFM-Software As already mentioned in the beginning of the paper BIM is a working method not a software solution. Software systems are the tools for the working method. In Facility Management software systems which support the FM-process are called Computer Aided Facility Management (CAFM). The Information Technology, in terms of a software program, consist out of a user interface and a database (May, 2013). CAFM can be distinguished in CAFM-System and CAFM-Software. Former describes a system which deals with the whole Facility Management processes of a company. It is justified on the needs of a company tWo support their facility management processes. A CAFM-Software however, is a tool which supports directly or indirectly a specific FM-process and therefore can be part of the CAFM-System (May, 2013). BIM-based tools for Facility Management are CAFM-software tools which are integrated in the consistent BIM-cycle (Figure 2). Therefore, they need an interface where they can import and export data from or for the building information model. In the following some selected CAFM-Software is introduced. Ahead it must be stated, that information about the detailed procedure of the software tools were kept secret of the companies. Therefore, the analyzation is based on accessible information of the internet, papers and books. 5.2 YouBIM YouBIM is a cloud-based Software for the maintenance of the facility. The web-based interface makes no software installation necessary. The user interface is clear, and the widgets allow a quick overview of the facility performance. YouBIM can also be accessed by the mobile application. The 2D viewer is a common feature, more interesting is the 3D viewer. The model can be obtained by a direct import of the BIM model produced during design or construction process, or the as-built model. YouBIM allows the import from many sources like Revit, IFC, Bentley, DWG and NWD. It is stated that it´s possible to upload big models in YouBIM. The navigation tools to walk through the models where inspired by the gaming industry. By selecting a room or a system the information and documents of these elements are viewed. This data can be uploaded from BIM, COBie Spreadsheet or Autodesk Field 360. It is also possible to enter data within the YouBIM environment. Documents can be uploaded as well or YouBIM can be integrated with 3rd party Document Management system.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 18 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics Beside the import of information with COBie, YouBIM allows the export of the own database into a COBie formatted Spreadsheet. There are also Plugins for Autodesk Navisworks and Revit. YouBIM reproaches several application programming interfaces. It has API´s for integration with Construction Maintenance Management System (CMMS)/CAFM and with Building Management Systems (BMS)/Building Automation Systems (BAS). Another feature of YouBIM is the Work Order Module, which allows triggering Work requests or work orders either from the 3D or 2D viewers or directly to a system. The status is updated throughout its completion and saving the history to the corresponding Asset. The feature WO module is not seen as a replacement of a CMMS system. Even though YouBIM is cloud-based there is the possibility to allow visual alarm, which is very important for the workflow (YouBIM, 2018). As you could see YouBIM is not a classical CAFM-Software and doesn’t have all the features they provide. Therefore, YouBIM has API´s for integration with CAFM-Software. The goal of YouBIM is to make use of the BIM models in the operation phase. It can be described as a tool for BIM in FM, which is trying to put together BIM of the construction phase with the operation phase. 5.3 ArchiFM.net ArchiFM.net advertises with the slogan “Web based Computer Aided Facility Management Solution using BIM technology”. It´s predecessor was ArchiFM. How far they implemented or integrated BIM in their processes shall be analysed in the following. ArchiFM.net was developed by VintoCON, a Hungarian CAFM software developer, which was established by Graphisoft. This origin is probably the reason for the interface to ArchiCAD. ArchiFM.net contains all relevant FM functionalities, such as

Asset Planning and Area Management Maintenance – Cleaning Management Decision Maker Tools – Reporting User Right Management More interesting is the interoperability of the software. ArchiFM.net integrates with ArchiCAD and builds its FM database directly from ArchiCAD by using it´s BIM-format. The handover model – in case it is a well-developed BIM model – can contain useful FM data, such as rentable area, cleaning area, manufacturing area and many more. This data can be utilized in ArchFM.net throughout the entire building lifecycle (archifm.net, 2018).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 19 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics ArchiFM.net has its one database in the background. It is able to synchronize with more ArchiCAD BIM files in parallel. The data are keeping up to date in both environments, the central FM database and the BIM models (archifm.net, 2018). This BIM concept has a huge disadvantage. The integration of the ArchiCAD´s BIM model and the alphanumeric FM database of ArchiFM.net are dependent on each other. The uniform software environment allows no interoperability and is tied to use ArchiCAD. 5.4 Allplan Allfa The CAFM-Software developed by software company Allplan is called Allfa. Allplan Allfa is a cloud-based software. This means no local software installations are necessary. Allfa contains a lot of basic CAFM-tools as Workflow-Modul, Report-Modul, Cleaning-Modul, Key-Management and so on. Concerning BIM-based tools Allfa has an interface for data exchange to Allplan Architecture. The import and export of data is in XLS-format. In Allplan Architecture rooms can be assigned with attributes and equipment. This information can be imported later on. Other interfaces are the Allfa Sync for AutoCAD and the Real Interface to SAP (Allplan Deutschland GmbH, 2018). The Allplan Allfa software with not open interfaces such as an IFC interface are very limited. In view of the recent effort like CAFM-Connect, which will be discussed later in the Chapter interoperability, the Allplan Allfa software is not a good solution if you don’t want to be determined to Allplan software in the Construction phase. 5.5 eTask eTask is a CAFM-software and contains all common CAFM functionalities. It is certified from GEFMA and CAFM-Connect. Additionally, to the basic version of eTask a BIM-visualization is available. The integrated 3D visualization uses the IFC standard, so architecture models from Revit or ArchiCAD can be imported. The information of the models are imported as well, they are written in the FM database of eTask (eTask , 2018). For existing buildings eTask provides a technology to produce architectural models out of CAD-drawings. eTask calls them “simple BIM models”. Even though the import is done by IFC in a first step graphic elements and data have to be linked in a second step. However, in contrast to the CAD method, the linkage remains even when the model is changed outside of the CAFM surrounding. During building lifecycle “simple BIM models” generates benefit, due to the fact that current changes in the models are synchronized into CAFM (eTask , 2018).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 20 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics eTask is the only tool which provides the CAFM-Connect interface. Being part of the CAFM Ring e.V. eTask participates in the development of CAFM-Connect (eTask , 2018).

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 21 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 6. Advantages and Limitations of the BIM-based tools 6.1 YouBIM YouBIM is a helpful BIM tool for Facility Management. It is easy to handle and provides many import possibilities from different sources like Revit, IFC or DWG. This make YouBIM a broad BIM tool. Especially the import and export functionality of COBie spreadsheet is very important, due to the big relevance COBie has in data exchange between construction and operation. Another advantage of YouBIM is the easy walk through, that was adopted out of the gaming industry. A limitation is the small number of features YouBIM provides for Facility Management tasks. It is not a real CAFM-software and therefore lacks functionalities in this field. However, YouBIM is clear about that and provides a lot of API´s for integration of CMMS/CAFM-software. 6.2 ArchiFM.net An advantage of ArchiFM.net is the consistent handover of information from ArchiCAD into ArchiFM.net. On the one hand this is an advantage on the other hand this fact shows the limitation of ArchiFM.net. It has no interoperable interface. The only way to have a consistent information handover in terms of the BIM working method is to use ArchiCAD software throughout all the design and construction phase. 6.3 Allplan Allfa The Allplan Allfa software underlies the same strategy as the software ArchiFM. Allplan Allfa only provides an interface to Allplan Architecture and AutoCAD. This makes the software very limited in terms of interoperability. 6.4 eTask eTask is a well-developed CAFM-software, which contains all useful Facility Management tools and BIM functionalities. It can import and export IFC files and has provides the helpful CAFM-Connect during data exchange in the operation phase.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 22 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 6.5 Which tools support the Basic FM Handover View As already stated in the Chapter 5 Advantages and Limitations of the BIM-based tools only two out of four tools support the Handover View. ArchiFM and Allplan Allfa are only having interfaces which are working with their in-house software products, such as ArchiCAD and Allplan Architecture. Therefore, they are not supporting the FM Handover View. YouBIM can import and export COBie spreadsheets and IFC-files. eTask supports the Basic FM Handover View. The company is also involved in the development of CAFM-Connect and therefore, as the only tool in this paper, provides the CAFM-Connect interface.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 23 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 7. Conclusion Building Information Modeling in Facility Management is a topic, which is getting more and more popular. The potential of BIM in FM is huge. During operation phase there are several processes which can benefit from a BIM-based Facility Management, i.e. the quick evaluation of maintenance work. However, the greatest potential is the access to all relevant information at the commissioning of the building, achieved by the handover through building information models. The data exchange is one of the biggest barriers for integrating BIM in FM. The Basic FM Handover View is a strong tool to overcome this barrier and to enable the handover of facility management information. For the information exchange specification COBie is used. Although COBie has a huge popularity The Basic FM Handover View is not widely spread. The results of the analysation of the BIM-based tools underlines this statement. Only one half (two out of four) of the analysed tools provide an IFC interface. The other half of the BIM-based tools are providing interfaces for in-house software products. This limitation shows, that the open data exchange is still a big issue for facility managers and for BIM in FM. The development of open interfaces is very slow, when you consider, that The Basic FM Handover View was released in 2009. The investigation of BIM-based tools also revealed, that many software products are promising different BIM functionalities. However, hardly any CAFM-software satisfies the condition of a consistent BIM workflow. For example, the possibility of importing COBie spreadsheets is not enough to gain full potential of BIM in FM. In CAFM-software model and information should be made available. Therefore, the current state of BIM-based FM shows a lot of development opportunities in terms of a consistent BIM workflow. For future development the most promising approach to enable this is definitely The Basic FM Handover View. Beside the Handover View, there is another handover specification, the IFC-based CAFM-Connect. This development underlines the progress and the efforts of Facility Management industry to take advantage of BIM. In conclusion, BIM-based Facility Management is becoming more important but there must be a lot of effort for a sustainable integration of BIM in FM, to achieve its full potential.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 24 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics 8. Literature Ainsworth, A. 2013. Basics of COBie introductions. Technical Report. 2013. Allplan Deutschland GmbH. 2018. allplan.com. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 10 Juli 2018.] https://www.allplan.com/fileadmin/user_upload/shared-files/pdf/Allplan_Allfa_Moduluebersicht_DE.pdf. archifm.net. 2018. archifm.net. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 10 Juli 2018.] http://www.archifm.net/. Borrmann, André, et al. 2015. Building Information Modeling. Wiesbaden : Springer Vieweg, 2015. 978-3-658-05606-3. buildingSMART International Ltd. 2018. buildingsmart-tech.org. [Online] 07 Juli 2018. [Cited: 07 Juli 2018.] http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-view-definition. BuildingSMART International Ltd. 2018. buildingsmart-tech.org. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 09 Juli 2018.] http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-view-definition/fm-handover-aquarium/fm-handover-aquarium. Bundesministerium für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur. 2015. bmvi.de. [Online] 2015. [Cited: 11 Juli 2018.] http://www.bmvi.de/SharedDocs/DE/Publikationen/G/reformkommission-bau-grossprojekte-endbericht.pdf?__blob=publicationFile. CAFM RING e.V. 2018. cafm-connect.org. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 09 Juli 2018.] https://www.cafm-connect.org/. East, Bill. 2016. wbdg.org. [Online] National Institute of Building Sciences, 10 Juni 2016. [Cited: 07 Juli 2018.] https://www.wbdg.org/resources/construction-operations-building-information-exchange-cobie. Eastman, Charles M. 2011. BIM Handbook. Hoboken, NJ : Wiley, 2011. 978-0-470-95134-7. eTask . 2018. etask.de. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 11 Juli 2018.] https://www.etask.de/wp-content/uploads/eTASK_FacilityManagement_2018.pdf. EuroFM. 1999. eurofm.org. [Online] 1999. [Cited: 10 Juli 2018.] https://www.eurofm.org/index.php/what-is-fm?showall=1&limitstart=.. IFMA. http://www.ifma.org. http://www.ifma.org/about/what-is-facility-management. [Online] Karlshoej, Jan. 2011. An Integrated Process for Delivering IFC Based Data Exchange. [Online] 2011. [Cited: 09 Juli 2018.] http://iug.buildingsmart.org/resources/iug-meeting-2011-singapore/110919_IDM-MVD_Integration_Proposal_2.pdf.

Advanced Topics in Building Information Modeling Seite 25 Chair of Computational Modeling and Simulation Chair of Architectural Informatics Liebich, Thomas and Weise, Matthias. 2009. buildingsmart-tech.org. [Online] 6 Oktober 2009. [Cited: 09 Juli 2018.] http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-view-definition/fm-handover-aquarium/fm-basic-handover/fm-basic-handover. Liebich, Thomas. 2009. buildingSMART-tech.org. [Online] 07 Oktober 2009. [Cited: 08 Juli 2018.] http://www.buildingsmart-tech.org/specifications/ifc-view-definition/fm-handover-aquarium/fm-basic-handover/fm-basic-handover. M. Reza Hosseini, Rogier Roelvink, Eleni Papadonikolaki, David John Edwards, Erika Pärn,. 2018. Integrating BIM into facility management: Typology matrix of information. International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation. 2018, Vol. 36 No.1. May, Michael. 2013. CAFM-Handbuch. s.l. : Springer Vieweg, 2013. —. 2013. IT im Facility Management erfolgreich einsetzen. Berlin : Springer Vieweg, 2013. 978-3-642-30501-6. National Institute of Building Science. 2018. www.nationalbimstandard.org. [Online] 23 Juni 2018. https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/faqs. National Institute of Building Sciences. 2018. www.nibs.org. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 08 Juli 2018.] https://www.nibs.org/page/bsa_commonbimfiles?. Nävy, Jens. 2006. Facility Management. Berlin : Springer-Verlag, 2006. 10 3-540-25164-2. Sicherheit(NHRS), DIN-Normenausschuss Heiz- und Raumlufttechniksowie deren. 2007. Facility Management -Teil : Begriffe; Deutsche Fassung EN 15221-1:2006. s.l. : Beuth Verlag GmbH, 2007. YouBIM. 2018. youbim.com. [Online] 2018. [Cited: 10 Juli 2018.] http://www.youbim.com/.