bihar elections 2015
DESCRIPTION
Election in BiharTRANSCRIPT
Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015
Press Information Bureau
Government of India
Media
Resource
Book:
Bihar
Assembly
Elections
2015
Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015
Press Information Bureau 1
Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has
been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of
providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)
conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though
all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &
currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a
statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or
doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other
sources.
Statistical Sources & References: The Statistical information/data of past
General Elections and various Orders of the Election Commission of India (ECI)
have been taken from the ECI’s website (www.eci.nic.in)
For Feedback:
Please email Shri Rajesh Malhotra, Director (M&C), Election Commission of India,
Press Information Bureau. Email address: [email protected]
Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015
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Contents Page No
Chapter 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State ........................................................... 5
Chapter 2 ............................................................................................................................................................. 24
Name of Assembly Constituencies ....................................................................................................................... 24
(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST) ......................................................................................... 24
Chapter 3 ............................................................................................................................................................. 36
A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate .................................................................................................................. 36
Chapter 4 ............................................................................................................................................................. 50
Gender Composition of Electors .......................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 5 ............................................................................................................................................................. 64
A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors ................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 6 ............................................................................................................................................................. 68
Elector - Population Ratio ................................................................................................................................... 68
Chapter 7 ...................................................................................................................................................... 82
Top and Bottom Districts and Constituencies by Electorate Size....................................................................... 82
Chapter 8 ............................................................................................................................................................. 85
LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................. 85
Chapter 9 ............................................................................................................................................................. 91
Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State Assembly as on the date of Constitution and
strength of each party as on 30.6.2015 ............................................................................................................... 91
Chapter 10 .......................................................................................................................................................... 93
Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................................................. 93
Chapter 11 ........................................................................................................................................................ 103
List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than 5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
(Margin Less 5000 in Dark Red Color) .............................................................................................................. 103
Chapter 12 ........................................................................................................................................................ 113
Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 .................................................. 113
Chapter 13 ........................................................................................................................................................ 117
Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 ............................................................ 117
Chapter 14 ........................................................................................................................................................ 142
Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition During 2010 Assembly Election ....................... 142
Chapter 15 ........................................................................................................................................................ 338
EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA .............................................................................................. 338
Chapter16 ......................................................................................................................................................... 342
Electoral Laws of India ...................................................................................................................................... 342
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Chapter 17 ........................................................................................................................................................ 347
Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism ............................................................................................................... 347
Chapter 18 ........................................................................................................................................................ 350
SVEEP - For Making Elections Inclusive ............................................................................................................ 350
Chapter 19 ........................................................................................................................................................ 358
Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A moment of Pride ............................................................................................. 358
Chapter 20 ........................................................................................................................................................ 360
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS EVOLUTION ............................................................................................. 360
Chapter 20 A ..................................................................................................................................................... 371
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT – FAQs .................................................................................................................. 371
Chapter 22 ........................................................................................................................................................ 378
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - FAQs ........................................................................................................... 378
Chapter 24 ........................................................................................................................................................ 393
NOTA-‘None of the Above’.................................................................................................................................. 393
Chapter 25 ........................................................................................................................................................ 396
ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs ............................................................................................................................... 396
Chapter 26 ........................................................................................................................................................ 415
VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESS- FAQs ........................................................................................................... 415
Chapter 27 ........................................................................................................................................................ 422
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT, 1951 ...................................................... 422
Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences: ............................................................. 422
Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices:................................................................ 424
Sec 34. Deposits: ...................................................................................................................................... 424
Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll:............................. 425
Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof: ............................................... 426
Sec 123. Corrupt practices: ................................................................................................................... 427
Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours ending with hour
fixed for conclusion of poll: ................................................................................................................... 431
Chapter 28 ........................................................................................................................................................ 435
MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961 .................... 435
Chapter 29 ........................................................................................................................................................ 437
The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968(as amended up to July, 2013) .................... 437
Chapter 30 ........................................................................................................................................................ 440
ELECTION COMMISSION’s ORDER REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V
CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS ............................................................................................................... 440
Chapter 31 ........................................................................................................................................................ 448
ELECTION COMMISSION’S ORDER ON POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS .......................................................... 448
Chapter 32 ........................................................................................................................................................ 450
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Election Commission’s ORDER DATED 18TH March 2009 ............................................................................... 450
Chapter 33 ........................................................................................................................................................ 452
Election Commission’s Order Dated 19th March, 2009 .................................................................................... 452
Chapter 34 ........................................................................................................................................................ 454
ELECTION COMMISSION’S Guidelines on Paid News ........................................................................................ 454
Chapter 35 ........................................................................................................................................................ 466
INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION
CAMPAIGNING ................................................................................................................................................... 466
Chapter 36 ........................................................................................................................................................ 470
Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of RP Act, 1951. .............................................. 470
Chapter 37 .......................................................................................................................................................... 473
PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIA’S GUIDELINES ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996......................................................... 473
Chapter 38 .......................................................................................................................................................... 476
NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS AUTHORITY’S (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR ELECTION BROADCASTS ............. 476
ANNEXURE – I Relevant Orders of ECI .......................................................................................................... 481
Application of Indelible Ink on Electors’ Finger ................................................................................................... 481
Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations – Basic Minimum Facilities ......................................................... 482
Electoral Roll in Urdu Language.......................................................................................................................... 487
Order Regarding Bulk SMSs ................................................................................................................................ 489
Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper ..................................................................................... 491
Standardised Voting Compartments .................................................................................................................. 493
Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs ............................................................................................. 495
Symbol Order Amendment Notification.............................................................................................................. 500
Transfers/Postings of Officers ............................................................................................................................. 506
Guidelines on Transparency ................................................................................................................................ 509
Important Links ................………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 511
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Chapter 1
Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA EPABX 011-23717391-98
Fax 011-23713412/23739944
Website: www.eci.nic.in
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Nirvachan Sadan,
Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.
No. ECI/PN/53/2015 9TH September, 2015
PRESS NOTE
Subject: Schedule for General Election to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar State – Regarding.
The terms of the Legislative Assembly of Bihar is normally due to expire on
29.11.2015.
By virtue of its powers, duties and functions under Article 324 read with Article
172(1) of the Constitution of India and Section 15 of Representation of the People Act,
1951, the Commission is required to hold elections to constitute the new Legislative
Assembly in the State of Bihar before expiry of its present term.
(1) Assembly Constituencies
The total number of Assembly Constituencies in the States of Bihar and seats
reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, as determined by the
Delimitation Commission under the Delimitation Act, 2002, are as under: -
States Total No. of Assembly Constituencies
Reserved for SCs
Reserved for STs
Bihar 243 38 2
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(2) Electoral Rolls
The Electoral Rolls of all existing Assembly Constituencies in the State of Bihar on
the basis of the electoral rolls revised with reference to 1.1.2015 as the qualifying date
have been finally published on 01.11.2015. The number of electors in the State, as on
07.09.2015 is as under:
States Total No. of Electors Bihar 66826658
(3) Photo Electoral Rolls
Photo electoral rolls will be used during the forthcoming general elections and
photo percentages in Photo Electoral Rolls of these States are as follows:-
States Percentage of Photo Electoral Rolls
Bihar 99.98
(4) Electors Photo Identity Cards (EPIC)
Identification of the voters at the polling booth at the time of poll shall be
mandatory. Electors who have been provided with EPIC shall be identified
through EPIC. Presently, the EPIC coverage in the State is as under:-
States Percentage of EPIC Bihar 100
All the residual electors are advised to obtain their Elector Photo Identity Cards
from the Electoral Registration Officers of their Assembly Constituencies urgently.
In order to ensure that no voter is deprived of his/her franchise, if his/her name
figures in the Electoral Rolls, separate instructions will be issued to allow additional
documents for identification of voters, if needed.
(5) Polling Stations
Polling Stations in the poll going States as on the date of final publication of
electoral rolls are as follows:
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States No. of Polling Stations Bihar 62779
For the facility of physically challenged persons, instructions have been issued to
ensure that all polling stations as far as practicable, are located at ground floor and ramps
are provided. Facilitation shall also be provided for locating electors’ names in a polling
station or a group of polling stations through help lines and facilitation centers.
(6) Basic Minimum Facilities (BMF) at Polling Stations
The Commission has issued instructions to the Chief Electoral Officer of all
States to ensure that every Polling Station is equipped with Basic Minimum Facilities
(BMF) like drinking water, shed, toilet, ramp for the physically challenged voters and a
standard voting compartment etc.
(7) Polling Parties and Randomization
Polling parties shall be formed randomly, through special application software.
Three-stage randomization will be adopted. First, from a wider district database of
eligible officials, a shortlist of a minimum 120% of the required numbers will be
randomly picked up. This group will be trained for polling duties. In the second stage,
from this trained manpower, actual polling parties as required shall be formed by random
selection software in the presence of General Observers. In the third randomization, the
polling stations will be allocated randomly just before the polling party’s departure.
There shall be randomization for such Police Constables and Home guards also, who are
deployed at the polling stations on the poll day.
(8) Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)
The poll in these States will be conducted at all polling stations using EVMs. The
Commission has already made arrangements to ensure availability of adequate number
of EVMs for the smooth conduct of elections. The Commission has issued a new set of
instructions with regard to the First Level Check of EVMs, that will be used in the poll in
these States. The First Level Check of EVMs, has been done in the presence of
representatives of political parties. A two-stage randomization of EVMs will be made. In
the first stage, all the EVMs stored in the district storage centre will be randomized by the
District Election Officer (DEO) in the presence of the representatives of the recognized
political parties for allocation assembly constituency-wise. EVMs will be prepared and
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set for elections after finalization of the contesting candidates. At this stage also,
candidates or their agents/representatives will be allowed to check and satisfy
themselves in every manner about the functionality of the EVMs. After the EVMs in a
constituency are prepared for the poll by the Returning Officer and the ballot units are
fitted with ballot papers, then the EVMs will again be randomized to decide the actual
polling stations in which they will be ultimately used. The Second Stage randomization
will be done in the presence of Observers, Candidates or their Election Agents.
(9) VVPAT ( Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail)
VVPAT will be used in 36 ACs spread over 34 districts.
(10) Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper
Photographs of candidate will be displayed on Ballot Paper to be fixed on Ballot
Unit along with symbol of respective candidates.
(11) None of the Above (NOTA) Option in EVMs
In its judgment dated 27th September, 2013 in Writ Petition (C) No. 161 of 2004,
the Supreme Court has directed that there should be a “None of the Above” (NOTA) option
on the ballot papers and EVMs. The Court has directed that the Commission should
implement it ‘either in a phased manner or at a time with the assistance of Government
of India’.
On the Balloting Unit, below the name of the last candidate, there will now be a
button for NOTA option so that electors who do not want to vote for any of the candidates
can exercise their option by pressing the button against NOTA.
The Commission is taking steps to bring this to the knowledge of voters and all
other stakeholders and to train all field level officials including the polling personnel
about the NOTA option.
(12) Affidavits of candidates – all columns to be filled in
In pursuance of the judgment dated 13th September, 2013 passed by the Supreme
Court in Writ Petition (C) No. 121 of 2008, which among other things makes it obligatory
for the Returning Officer “to check whether the information required is fully furnished at
the time of filing of affidavit with the nomination paper”, the Commission has issued
instructions that in the affidavit to be filed along with the nomination paper, candidates
are required to fill up all columns. If any column in the affidavit is left blank, the Returning
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Officer will issue a notice to the candidate to file the affidavit with all columns filled in.
After such notice, if a candidate fails to file affidavit complete in all respect, the
nomination paper will be liable to be rejected at the time of scrutiny. The Chief Electoral
Officer has been directed to brief all Returning Officers about the judgment of the
Supreme Court and the Commission’s instructions.
(13) Communication plan
The Commission attaches great importance to preparation and implementation of
a perfect communication plan at the district/constituency level for the smooth conduct
of elections and to enable concurrent intervention and mid course correction on the poll
day. For the said purpose, the Commission has directed the Chief Electoral Officer of
Bihar state to coordinate with the officers of Telecommunication Department in the State
headquarters, BSNL/MTNL authorities, the representatives of other leading service
providers in the State so that network status in the States is assessed and communication
shadow areas be identified. The CEO has also been advised to ensure best communication
plan in the State.
(14) Videography
All critical events will be video-graphed. District Election Officers will arrange
sufficient number of video and digital cameras and camera teams for the purpose. The
events for videography will include filing of nominations, scrutiny thereof and allotment
of symbols, First Level Checking, preparations and storage of Electronic Voting Machines,
important public meetings, processions etc. during campaign, process of dispatching of
postal ballot papers, polling process in identified vulnerable polling stations, storage of
polled EVMs, counting of votes etc. Webcasting, Videography and Digital cameras will also
be deployed inside polling booths wherever needed. CDs of video recordings will be
available on payment to anyone who wishes to obtain a copy of the same.
(15) Law and Order and Deployment of Forces
Conduct of elections involves elaborate security management. It includes ensuring
the security of polling personnel, security at the polling stations, security of polling
materials and also the overall security of the election process. Central Armed Police
Forces (CAPFs) are deployed for area domination prior to poll in order to build
confidence in the minds of voters specially vulnerable voters viz. weaker section,
minorities etc. Keeping all this in mind, the very designing of the poll schedule, and
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sequencing of multi-phase elections and choice of constituencies for each phase had to
follow the logic of force availability and force management.
The Commission has taken various measures to ensure free and fair elections by
creating an atmosphere in which each elector is able to access the polling station without
being obstructed or being unduly influenced/intimidated by anybody.
Based on the assessment of the ground situation, Central Armed Police Forces
(CAPF) and State Armed Police (SAP) drawn from other States will be deployed during
these elections. The CAPF and SAP will be used generally for safeguarding the polling
stations and for providing security to the electors and polling personnel at the polling
stations on the poll day. Besides, these forces will be used for securing the strong rooms
where the EVMs are stored and for securing the counting centers and for other purposes,
as required.
The Commission has been issuing instructions from time to time with regard to
the advance preventive measures to be taken by the District Magistrates and Police
authorities to maintain the Law & Order and to create atmosphere conducive for the
conduct of free and fair elections. The Commission will be constantly monitoring the
ground situation closely and will take appropriate measures to ensure peaceful, free and
fair polls in these States.
(16) Protection to SC/ST Electors
As per Section 3 (1) (vii) of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of
Atrocities) Act, 1989, whoever, not being a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled
Tribe, forces or intimidates a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe not to
vote or to vote for a particular candidate or to vote in a manner other than that provided
by law shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than six
months but which may extend to five years and with fine. The Commission has asked the
State Governments to bring these provisions to the notice of all concerned for prompt
action.
(17) General Observers
The Commission will deploy General Observers in adequate number to ensure
smooth conduct of elections. The Observers will be asked to keep a close watch on every
stage of the electoral process to ensure free and fair elections. Their names, addresses
within the district/constituency and their telephone numbers will be publicized in local
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newspapers so that the general public can quickly approach them for any grievance
redressal. The Observers will be given a detailed briefing by the Commission before their
deployment. Commission may also deploy Police Observers to keep a close watch on law
& order situation.
(18) Election Expenditure Monitoring
Comprehensive instructions for the purpose of effective monitoring of the election
expenditure of the candidates have been issued, which include formation of flying squads,
static surveillance Teams, video surveillance Teams, involvement of Investigation
Directorates of Income Tax Deptt. etc. State Excise Departments and police authorities
have been asked to monitor production, distribution, sale and storage of liquor and other
intoxicants during the election process.
For greater transparency and for ease of monitoring of Election Expenses,
Candidates would be required to open a separate bank account and incur their election
expenses from that very account. The Investigation Directorate of Income Tax Dept. has
been asked to open Air Intelligence unit in the airports of these states and also to gather
intelligence and take necessary action against movement of large sum of money in these
states.
Expenditure Observers and Assistant Exp. Observers from Central Government
are being appointed to keep close watch on election expenditure of the candidates.
Control room and Complaint Monitoring Centre with 24 hours toll free numbers shall be
operative during the entire election process. Banks and financial intelligence units of
Government of India have been asked to forward suspicious cash withdrawal reports to
the election officials.
All candidates must ensure that they file their affidavits in the revised format
(Form 26) only. The revised format is available on the ECI website and in Returning
Officer’s handbook.
(19) Paid News
To deal with the issue of ‘Paid News’, a mechanism has been laid out with three
tier of Media certification and Monitoring Committees (MCMC) at District, State and ECI
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level. Revised comprehensive instruction on ‘Paid News’ are available on the
Commission’s Website.
Necessary instructions have been issued to the CEO of Bihar state to ensure
briefing of political parties and Media in the districts about ‘Paid News’ and the
mechanism to check ‘Paid News’. The MCMCs of all states have been trained to do their
job.
(20) Police Observers
The Commission may deploy IPS officers as Police Observers in district level, in
the poll going States depending upon the need and sensitivity. They will monitor all
activities relating to force deployment, law and order situation and co-ordinate between
civil and Police administration to ensure free and fair election.
(21) Micro Observers
In addition to General Observers, the Commission will also deploy Micro
Observers to observe the poll proceedings in the polling stations on the poll day in
selected critical polling stations. They will be chosen from Central Government/Central
PSUs officials. Micro-Observers will observe the proceedings at the polling stations on the
poll day right from the mock poll to the completion of poll and the process of sealing of
EVMs and other documents to ensure that all instructions of the Commission are
complied with by the Polling Parties and the Polling Agents. They will report to the
General Observers directly about any vitiation of the poll proceedings in their allotted
polling stations.
(22) Systematic Voters’ Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP)
Comprehensive measures for voters’ education were taken up during the Special
Roll Revision process in the state. These measures will continue and will be further
augmented during the electoral process.
10% of the lowest turnout Polling Stations in each district have been identified
and possible reasons for the lower turnout analysed. KABBP (Knowledge, attitude,
Behaviour, Belief and Practices) survey has also been undertaken by the Chief Electoral
Officer and interventions based on the findings have been taken up.
Chief Electoral Officer of the state has been directed to ensure wide dissemination
of election related information as well as adequate facilitation measures for ensuing
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wider participation of people in polling. A Model polling station will be set up in each of
the 243 Assembly Constituencies. Voter helplines, Voters’ Facilitation Centres, web and
SMS based search facilities are active for assistance of voters. Reminder services on poll
days have been meticulously planned. There are special facilities in place for persons with
disability.
Awareness Observers from Central Government are being appointed to observe the
SVEEP programme carried out during the election period for ensuring that information
reaches the grassroot.
(23) Conduct of Officials
The Commission expects all officials engaged in the conduct of elections to
discharge their duties in an impartial manner without any fear or favour. They are
deemed to be on deputation to the Commission and shall be subject to its control,
supervision and discipline. The conduct of all Government officials who have been
entrusted with election related responsibilities and duties would remain under constant
scrutiny of the Commission and strict action shall be taken against those officials who are
found wanting on any account.
The Commission has already given instructions that no election related official or
Police officer of the rank of Inspector and above shall be allowed to continue in his home
district. Besides, instructions have also been issued that election related officials
including police officials of Inspector level & above who have completed three years in a
district during last four years should be transferred out of that district. Police officers of
the rank of Sub Inspectors who have completed three years in a Sub Division/Assembly
Constituency or are posted in their home sub division/assembly constituency shall be
transferred out of that Sub Division and the Assembly Constituency.
The Commission has also instructed the State Government not to associate any officer
with the electoral process against whom charges have been framed in a court of law in
any case.
(24) District Election Plan
The District Election Officers have been asked to prepare a comprehensive district
election plan in consultation with SPs and Sector Officers including the route plan and
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communication plan for conduct of elections. These plans will be vetted by the Observers
taking into account vulnerability mapping exercise and mapping of critical polling station
in accordance with Election Commission of India’s extant instructions.
(25) Model Code of Conduct
The Model Code of Conduct comes into effect immediately from now onwards. All
the provisions of the Model Code will apply to the whole of Bihar State and will be
applicable to all candidates, political parties, the State Government of Bihar. The Model
Code of Conduct shall be applicable to the Union Govt. for the State.
The Commission has made elaborate arrangements for ensuring the effective
implementation of the MCC Guidelines Any violations of these Guidelines would be
strictly dealt with and the Commission re-emphasizes that the instructions issued in this
regard from time to time should be read and understood by all Political Parties,
contesting candidates and their agents/representatives, to avoid any misgivings or lack
of information or understanding/interpretation.
(26) Photo Voter Slips
To facilitate the voters to know where he/she is enrolled as a voter at a particular
polling station and what is his/her serial number in the Electoral roll, the Commission
has directed that voter slip along with Photo (wherever present in the roll) will be
distributed to all enrolled voters by the District Election Officer. It has also been directed
that the said voter slip should be in the languages in which electoral roll is published for
that Assembly Constituency.
(27) Complaint redressal mechanism – Call Center and Website based
Bihar State shall have a complaint redressal mechanism based on website and call
center. The number of call center is 1950, which is a toll free number. The URL of the
complaint registration website will be announced for the State by the Chief Electoral
Officer separately. Complaints can be registered by making calls to the toll free call center
numbers or on the web site. Action will be taken within time limit on all complaints.
Complainants will also be informed of the action taken by SMS and by the call center.
Complainants can also see the details of the action taken on their complaints on the
website.
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(28) Schedules of Election
The Commission has prepared the Schedules for holding General Elections to the
Legislative Assembly of Bihar after taking into consideration all relevant aspects, like the
Climatic conditions, Academic Calendars, Festivals, prevailing law and order situation in
the States, availability of Central Police Forces, time needed for movement,
transportation and timely deployment of forces, and assessment of other ground realities.
The Commission after considering all relevant aspects has decided to recommend to
the Governor of the State, to issue notifications for the General Elections to the Legislative
Assembly of the state of Bihar under the relevant provisions of the Representation of the
People Act, 1951. The Election Schedule for general election to the Legislative Assembly
of Bihar is appended at Annexure ‘1’.
(SUMIT MUKHERJEE)
SECRETARY
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ANNEXURE-1
Schedule
Schedule for General Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Bihar:
Phase-1 Phase-2 Phase-3 Phase-4 Phase-5
Date of Notification 16.09.2015
(Wednesday)
21.09.2015
(Monday)
01.10.2015
(Thursday)
07.10.2015
(Wednesday)
08.10.2015
(Thursday)
Last Date of Making
Nomination
23.09.2015
(Wednesday)
28.09.2015
(Monday)
08.10.2015
(Thursday)
14.10.2015
(Wednesday)
15.10.2015
(Thursday)
Date of Scrutiny 24.09.2015
(Thursday)
29.09.2015
(Tuesday)
09.10.2015
(Friday)
15.10.2015
(Thursday)
17.10.2015
(Saturday)
Last date of
withdrawal
26.09.2015
(Saturday)
01.10.2015
(Thursday)
12.10.2015
(Monday)
17.10.2015
(Saturday)
19.10.2015
(Monday)
Date of Poll 12.10.2015
(Monday)
16.10.2015 (Friday)
28.10.2015
(Wednesday)
01.11.2015
(Sunday)
05.11.2015
(Thursday)
Date of Counting 08.11.2015 (Sunday)
08.11.2015 (Sunday)
08.11.2015 (Sunday)
08.11.2015 (Sunday)
08.11.2015 (Sunday)
Date before which
the Election Shall be
Completed
12.11.2015
(Thursday)
12.11.2015 (Thursday)
12.11.2015 (Thursday)
12.11.2015 (Thursday)
12.11.2015 (Thursday)
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List of Forty Nine (49) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-1:
Sl. No. Phase-1
Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1 2
1 SAMASTIPUR 131-Kalyanpur (SC)
132-Warisnagar
133-Samastipur
134-Ujiarpur
135-Morwa
136-Sarairanjan
137-Mohiuddinnagar
138-Bibhutipur
139-Rosera (SC)
140-Hasanpur
2 BEGUSARAI 141-Cheria-Bariarpur
142-Bachhwara
143-Teghra
144-Matihani
145-Sahebpur Kamal
146-Begusarai
147-Bakhri (SC)
3 KHAGARIA 148-Alauli (SC)
149-Khagaria
150-Beldaur
151-Parbatta
4 BHAGALPUR 152-Bihpur
153-Gopalpur
154-Pirpainti (SC)
155-Kahalgaon
156-Bhagalpur
157-Sultanganj
158-Nathnagar
5 BANKA 159-Amarpur
160-Dhoraiya (SC)
161-Banka
162-Katoria (ST)
163-Belhar
6 MUNGER 164-Tarapur
165-Munger
166-Jamalpur
7 LAKHISARAI 167-Suryagarha
168-Lakhisarai
8 SHEIKHPURA 169-Sheikhpura
170-Barbigha
9 NAWADA 235-Rajauli (SC)
236-Hisua
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237-Nawada
238-Gobindpur
239-Warsaliganj
10 JAMUI 240-Sikandra (SC)
241-Jamui
242-Jhajha
243-Chakai
List of Thirty Two (32) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-2:
Sl. No. Phase-2
Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1 2
1 KAIMUR (BHABUA) 203-Ramgarh
204-Mohania (SC)
205-Bhabua
206-Chainpur
2 ROHTAS 207-Chenari (SC)
208-Sasaram
209-Kargahar
210-Dinara
211-Nokha
212-Dehri
213-Karakat
3 ARWAL 214-Arwal
215-Kurtha
4 JAHANABAD 216-Jehanabad
217-Ghosi
218-Makhdumpur (SC)
5 AURANGABAD 219-Goh
220-Obra
221-Nabinagar
222-Kutumba (SC)
223-Aurangabad
224-Rafiganj
6 GAYA 225-Gurua
226-Sherghati
227-Imamganj (SC)
228-Barachatti (SC)
229-Bodh Gaya (SC)
230-Gaya Town
231-Tikari
232-Belaganj
233-Atri
234-Wazirganj
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List of Fifty (50) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-3:
Sl. No. Phase-3
Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1 2
1 SARAN 113-Ekma
114-Manjhi
115-Baniapur
116-Taraiya
117-Marhaura
118-Chapra
119-Garkha (SC)
120-Amnour
121-Parsa
122-Sonepur
2 VAISHALI 123-Hajipur
124-Lalganj
125-Vaishali
126-Mahua
127-Raja Pakar (SC)
128-Raghopur
129-Mahnar
130-Patepur (SC)
3 NALANDA 171-Asthawan
172-Biharsharif
173-Rajgir (SC)
174-Islampur
175-Hilsa
176-Nalanda
177-Harnaut
4 PATNA 178-Mokama
179-Barh
180-Bakhtiarpur
181-Digha
182-Bankipur
183-Kumhrar
184-Patna Sahib
185-Fatuha
186-Danapur
187-Maner
188-Phulwari (SC)
189-Masaurhi (SC)
190-Paliganj
191-Bikram
5 BHOJPUR 192-Sandesh
193-Barhara
194-Arrah
195-Agiaon (SC)
196-Tarari
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197-Jagdishpur
198-Shahpur
6 BUXAR 199-Brahampur
200-Buxar
201-Dumraon
202-Rajpur (SC)
List of Fifty Five (55) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-4:
Sl.No. Phase-4
Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1 2
1 PASCHIM CHAMPARAN 1-Valmiki Nagar
2-Ramnagar (SC)
3-Narkatiaganj
4-Bagaha
5-Lauriya
6-Nautan
7-Chanpatia
8-Bettiah
9-Sikta
2 PURVI CHAMPARAN 10-Raxaul
11-Sugauli
12-Narkatia
13-Harsidhi (SC)
14-Govindganj
15-Kesaria
16-Kalyanpur
17-Pipra
18-Madhuban
19-Motihari
20-Chiraia
21-Dhaka
3 SHEOHAR 22-Sheohar
4 SITAMARHI 23-Riga
24-Bathnaha (SC)
25-Parihar
26-Sursand
27-Bajpatti
28-Sitamarhi
29-Runnisaidpur
30-Belsand
5 MUZAFFARPUR 88-Gaighat
89-Aurai
90-Minapur
91-Bochaha (SC)
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92-Sakra (SC)
93-Kurhani
94-Muzaffarpur
95-Kanti
96-Baruraj
97-Paroo
98-Sahebganj
6 GOPALGANJ 99-Baikunthpur
100-Barauli
101-Gopalganj
102-Kuchaikote
103-Bhorey (SC)
104-Hathua
7 SIWAN 105-Siwan
106-Ziradei
107-Darauli (SC)
108-Raghunathpur
109-Daraundha
110-Barharia
111-Goriakothi
112-Maharajganj
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List of Fifty Seven (57) Assembly Constituencies going to polls in Phase-5:
Sl. No. Phase-5
Name of District No. and Name of Assembly Constituency
1 2
1 MADHUBANI 31-Harlakhi
32- Benipatti
33-Khajauli
34-Babubarhi
35-Bisfi
36-Madhubani
37-Rajnagar (SC)
38-Jhanjharpur
39-Phulparas
40-Laukaha
2 SUPAUL 41-Nirmali
42-Pipra
43-Supaul
44-Triveniganj (SC)
45-Chhatapur
3 ARARIA 46-Narpatganj
47-Raniganj (SC)
48-Forbesganj
49-Araria
50-Jokihat
51-Sikti
4 KISHANGANJ 52-Bahadurganj
53-Thakurganj
54-Kishanganj
55-Kochadhaman
5 PURNIA 56-Amour
57-Baisi
58-Kasba
59-Banmankhi (SC)
60-Rupauli
61-Dhamdaha
62-Purnia
6 KATIHAR 63-Katihar
64-Kadwa
65-Balrampur
66-Pranpur
67-Manihari (ST)
68-Barari
69-Korha (SC)
7 MADHEPURA 70-Alamnagar
71-Bihariganj
72-Singheshwar (SC)
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73-Madhepura
8 SAHARSA 74-Sonbarsha (SC)
75-Saharsa
76-Simri Bakhtiarpur 77-Mahishi
9 DARBHANGA 78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC)
79-Gaura Bauram
80-Benipur
81-Alinagar
82-Darbhanga Rural
83-Darbhanga
84-Hayaghat
85-Bahadurpur
86-Keoti
87-Jale
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Chapter 2
Name of Assembly Constituencies
(With separate constituencies reserved for SC & ST)
Sl. No
Name of District / Parliamentary Constituency
Name of Assembly Constituency
Name of Assembly
Constituency Reserved for SC
Name of Assembly
Constituency Reserved for
ST 1) PC01
Valmikinagar 1-Valmiki Nagar
2-Ramnagar (SC)
3-Narkatiaganj
4-Bagaha
5-Lauriya
9-Sikta
2-Ramnagar (SC) -
2) PC02 Paschim Champaran
6-Nautan
7-Chanpatia
8-Bettiah
10-Raxaul
11-Sugauli
12-Narkatial
-
-
3) PC03 Purvi Champaran
13-Harsidhi (SC)
14-Govindganj
15-Kesaria
16-Kalyanpur
13-Harsidhi (SC) -
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17-Pipra
19-Motihari
4) PC04 Sheohar
18-Madhuban
20-Chiraia)
21-Dhaka
22-Sheohar
23-Riga
30-Belsand
5) PC05 Sitamarhi
24-Bathnaha (SC)
25-Parihar
26-Sursand
27-Bajpatti
28-Sitamarhi
29-Runnisaidpur
24-Bathnaha (SC)
-
6) PC06 Madhubani
31-Harlakhi
32-Benipatti
35-Bisfi
36-Madhubani
86-Keoti
87-Jale
- -
7) PC07 Jhanjharpur
33-Khajauli
34-Babubarhi
37-Rajnagar (SC)
37-Rajnagar (SC)
-
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38-Jhanjharpur
39-Phulparas
40-Laukaha
8) PC08
Supaul 41-Nirmali
42-Pipra
43-Supaul
44-Triveniganj (SC)
45-Chhatapur
72-Singheshwar (SC)
44-Triveniganj (SC) 72-Singheshwar (SC)
9) PC09 Araria
46-Narpatganj
47-Raniganj (SC)
48-Forbesganj
49-Araria
50-Jokihat
51-Sikti
47-Raniganj (SC)
-
10) PC10 Kishanganj
52-Bahadurganj
53-Thakurganj
54-Kishanganj
55-Kochadhaman
56-Amour
57-Baisi
- -
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11) PC11 Katihar
63-Katihar
64-Kadwa
65-Balrampur
66-Pranpur 67-Manihari (ST)
68-Barari
- 67-Manihari (ST)
12) PC12 Purnea
58-Kasba
59-Banmankhi (SC)
60-Rupauli
61-Dhamdaha
62-Purnia
69-Korha (SC)
59-Banmankhi (SC) 69-Korha (SC)
13) PC13 Madhepura
70-Alamnagar
71-Bihariganj
73-Madhepura
74-Sonbarsha (SC)
75-Saharsa
77-Mahishi
74-Sonbarsha (SC)
-
14) PC14 Darbhanga
79-Gaura Bauram
80-Benipur
81-Alinagar
82-Darbhanga Rural
- -
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83-Darbhanga
85-Bahadurpur
15) PC15 Muzaffarpur
88-Gaighat
89-Aurai
91-Bochaha (SC)
92-Sakra (SC)
93-Kurhani
94-Muzaffarpur
91-Bochaha (SC) 92-Sakra (SC)
-
16) PC16 VAISHALI
90-Minapur
95-Kanti
96-Baruraj
97-Paroo
98-Sahebganj
125-Vaishali
17) PC17 Gopalganj (SC)
99-Baikunthpur
100-Barauli
101-Gopalganj
102-Kuchaikote
103-Bhorey (SC) 104-Hathua
103-Bhorey (SC) -
18) PC18 Siwan
105-Siwan
106-Ziradei
107-Darauli (SC)
107-Darauli (SC)
-
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108-Raghunathpur
109-Daraundha
110-Barharia
19) PC19
Maharajganj 111-Goriakothi
112-Maharajganj
113-Ekma
114-Manjhi
115-Baniapur
116-Taraiya
- -
20) PC20 Saran
117-Marhaura
118-Chapra
119-Garkha (SC)
120-Amnour
121-Parsa 122-Sonepur
119-Garkha (SC) -
21) PC21 Hajipur (SC)
123-Hajipur
124-Lalganj
126-Mahua
127-Raja Pakar (SC)
128-Raghopur
129-Mahnar
127-Raja Pakar (SC)
-
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22) PC22 Ujiarpur
130-Patepur (SC)
134-Ujiarpur
135-Morwa
136-Sarairanjan
137-Mohiuddinnagar
138-Bibhutipur
130-Patepur (SC)
-
23) PC23 Samastipur (SC)
78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC)
84-Hayaghat
131-Kalyanpur (SC)
132-Warisnagar
133-Samastipur
139-Rosera (SC)
78-Kusheshwar Asthan (SC) 131-Kalyanpur (SC) 139-Rosera (SC)
-
24) PC24 Begusarai
141-Cheria Bariarpur
142-Bachhwara
143-Teghra
144-Matihani
145-Sahebpur Kamal
146-Begusarai
147-Bakhri (SC)
147-Bakhri (SC) -
25) PC25 Khagaria
76-Simri Bakhtiarpur
148-Alauli (SC) -
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140-Hasanpur
148-Alauli (SC)
149-Khagaria
150-Beldaur
151-Parbatta
26) PC26
Bhagalpur 152-Bihpur
153-Gopalpur
154-Pirpainti (SC)
155-Kahalgaon
156-Bhagalpur
158-Nathnagar
154-Pirpainti (SC)
-
27) PC27 Banka
157-Sultanganj
159-Amarpur
160-Dhauraiya (SC)
161-Banka
162-Katoria (ST)
163-Belhar
160-Dhauraiya (SC)
162-Katoria (ST)
28) PC28 Munger
165-Munger
166-Jamalpur
167-Suryagarha
168-Lakhisarai
178-Mokama
- -
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179-Barh
29) PC29
Nalanda 171-Asthawan
172-Biharsharif
173-Rajgir (SC)
174-Islampur
175-Hilsa
176-Nalanda
177-Harnaut
173-Rajgir (SC)
-
30) PC30 Patna Sahib
180-Bakhtiarpur
181-Digha
182-Bankipur
183-Kumhrar
184-Patna Sahib
185-Fatuha
- -
31) PC31 Patliputra
186-Danapur
187-Maner
188-Phulwari (SC)
189-Masaurhi (SC)
190-Paliganj
191-Bikram
188-Phulwari (SC) 189-Masaurhi (SC)
-
32) PC32 Arrah
192-Sandesh
193-Barhara
195-Agiaon (SC) -
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194-Arrah
195-Agiaon (SC)
196-Tarari
197-Jagdishpur
198-Shahpur
33) PC33 Buxar
199-Brahampur
200-Buxar
201-Dumraon
202-Rajpur (SC)
203-Ramgarh
210-Dinara
202-Rajpur (SC) -
34) PC34 SASARAM
204-Mohania (SC)
205-Bhabua
206-Chainpur
207-Chenari (SC)
208-Sasaram
209-Kargahar
204-Mohania (SC) 207-Chenari (SC)
-
35) PC35 KARAKAT
211-Nokha
212-Dehri
213-Karakat
219-Goh
220-Obra
221-Nabinagar
- -
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36) PC36
Jehanabad 214-Arwal
215-Kurtha
216-Jehanabad
217-Ghosi
218-Makhdumpur (SC)
233-Atri
218-Makhdumpur (SC)
-
37) PC37 Aurangabad
222-Kutumba (SC)
223-Aurangabad
224-Rafiganj
225-Gurua
227-Imamganj (SC)
231-Tikari
222-Kutumba (SC) 227-Imamganj (SC)
-
38) PC38 Gaya
226-Sherghati
228-Barachatti (SC)
229-Bodh Gaya (SC)
230-Gaya Town
232-Belaganj
234-Wazirganj
228-Barachatti (SC) 229-Bodh Gaya (SC)
-
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39) PC39 Nawada
170-Barbigha
235-Rajauli (SC)
236-Hisua
237-Nawada
238-Gobindpur
239-Warsaliganj
235-Rajauli (SC)
-
40) PC40 Jamui
164-Tarapur
169-Sheikhpura
240-Sikandra (SC)
241-Jamui
242-Jhajha
243-Chakai
240-Sikandra (SC)
-
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Chapter 3
A Snapshot of 2015 Bihar Electorate
There is a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015.
It is notable that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an
EPIC card. The EPIC coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a
perfect 100%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number
of electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by
East Champaran, with 4.63% of the total number of electors. In total, six districts
have an electorate which is more than 4% of the total electorate of the state.
At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,
comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by
Sheikhpura, with 0.64% of the total number of electors. In total, four districts have
an electorate size which is less than 1% of the total electorate of the state.
Sl. No District
Electors
Number of Electors As % of Total
Electors in State
1 West Champaran 2,273,830 3.40%
2 East Champaran 3,092,161 4.63%
3 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%
4 Sitamarhi 2,162,173 3.24%
5 Madhubani 2,903,674 4.35%
6 Supaul 1,311,518 1.96%
7 Araria 1,655,143 2.48%
8 KishanGanj 985,787 1.48%
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Sl. No District
Electors
Number of Electors As % of Total
Electors in State
9 Purnia 1,923,933 2.88%
10 Katihar 1,776,856 2.66%
11 Madhepura 1,186,978 1.78%
12 Saharsa 1,189,812 1.78%
13 Darbhanga 2,558,668 3.83%
14 Muzaffarpur 2,947,884 4.41%
15 Gopalganj 1,720,352 2.57%
16 Siwan 2,223,428 3.33%
17 Saran 2,728,935 4.08%
18 Vaishali 2,269,503 3.40%
19 Samastipur 2,613,594 3.91%
20 Begusarai 1,866,900 2.79%
21 Khagaria 1,027,111 1.54%
22 Bhagalpur 2,041,079 3.05%
23 Banka 1,302,641 1.95%
24 Munger 894,806 1.34%
25 Lakhisarai 657,860 0.98%
26 Sheikhpura 429,805 0.64%
27 Nalanda 2,008,842 3.01%
28 Patna 4,368,288 6.54%
29 Bhojpur 1,960,501 2.93%
30 Buxar 1,182,636 1.77%
31 Kaimur (Bhabua) 1,036,786 1.55%
32 Rohtas 2,004,420 3.00%
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Sl. No District
Electors
Number of Electors As % of Total
Electors in State
33 Arwal 476,141 0.71%
34 Jahanabad 735,311 1.10%
35 Aurangabad 1,660,077 2.48%
36 Gaya 2,673,969 4.00%
37 Nawada 1,576,917 2.36%
38 Jamui 1,124,873 1.68%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of
electors at 4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the
state, while Barbigha of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors
at 2.03 lakh electors, forming 0.30% of the total electorate of the state.
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
West
Champaran
1 Valmiki Nagar 293,856 0.44%
2 Ramnagar (SC) 261,172 0.39%
3 Narkatiaganj 242,545 0.36%
4 Bagaha 271,212 0.41%
5 Lauriya 225,175 0.34%
6 Nautan 242,764 0.36%
7 Chanpatia 245,297 0.37%
8 Bettiah 248,311 0.37%
9 Sikta 243,498 0.36%
East
Champaran
10 Raxaul 257,669 0.39%
11 Sugauli 258,543 0.39%
12 Narkatia 256,325 0.38%
13 Harsidhi (SC) 234,302 0.35%
14 Govindganj 242,597 0.36%
15 Kesaria 240,433 0.36%
16 Kalyanpur 226,628 0.34%
17 Pipra 298,807 0.45%
18 Madhuban 233,670 0.35%
19 Motihari 291,214 0.44%
20 Chiraia 266,947 0.40%
21 Dhaka 285,026 0.43%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
Sheohar 22 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%
Sitamarhi
23 Riga 282,179 0.42%
24 Bathnaha (SC) 276,005 0.41%
25 Parihar 283,694 0.42%
26 Sursand 286,285 0.43%
27 Bajpatti 283,754 0.42%
28 Sitamarhi 258,844 0.39%
29 Runnisaidpur 256,207 0.38%
30 Belsand 235,205 0.35%
Madhubani
31 Harlakhi 258,064 0.39%
32 Benipatti 271,202 0.41%
33 Khajauli 277,559 0.42%
34 Babubarhi 281,670 0.42%
35 Bisfi 301,836 0.45%
36 Madhubani 319,920 0.48%
37 Rajnagar (SC) 295,117 0.44%
38 Jhanjharpur 290,386 0.43%
39 Phulparas 301,035 0.45%
40 Laukaha 306,885 0.46%
Supaul
41 Nirmali 269,400 0.40%
42 Pipra 259,806 0.39%
43 Supaul 262,030 0.39%
44 Triveniganj (SC) 257,034 0.38%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
45 Chhatapur 263,248 0.39%
Araria
46 Narpatganj 280,075 0.42%
47 Raniganj (SC) 283,144 0.42%
48 Forbesganj 299,277 0.45%
49 Araria 277,084 0.41%
50 Jokihat 257,553 0.39%
51 Sikti 258,010 0.39%
Kishanganj
52 Bahadurganj 255,585 0.38%
53 Thakurganj 257,057 0.38%
54 Kishanganj 256,638 0.38%
55 Kochadhaman 216,507 0.32%
Purnia
56 Amour 278,978 0.42%
57 Baisi 244,829 0.37%
58 Kasba 261,802 0.39%
59 Banmankhi (SC) 279,862 0.42%
60 Rupauli 289,187 0.43%
61 Dhamdaha 287,153 0.43%
62 Purnia 282,122 0.42%
Katihar
63 Katihar 242,009 0.36%
64 Kadwa 244,333 0.37%
65 Balrampur 297,552 0.45%
66 Pranpur 262,241 0.39%
67 Manihari (ST) 247,205 0.37%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
68 Barari 236,489 0.35%
69 Korha (SC) 247,027 0.37%
Madhepura
70 Alamnagar 313,166 0.47%
71 Bihariganj 283,934 0.42%
72 Singheshwar (SC) 285,720 0.43%
73 Madhepura 304,158 0.46%
Saharsa
74 Sonbarsha (SC) 281,959 0.42%
75 Saharsa 332,797 0.50%
76 Simri Bakhtiarpur 303,559 0.45%
77 Mahishi 271,497 0.41%
Darbhanga
78 Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC) 227,066 0.34%
79 Gaura Bauram 229,019 0.34%
80 Benipur 266,401 0.40%
81 Alinagar 251,440 0.38%
82 Darbhanga Rural 263,287 0.39%
83 Darbhanga 282,045 0.42%
84 Hayaghat 219,644 0.33%
85 Bahadurpur 268,086 0.40%
86 Keoti 265,923 0.40%
87 Jale 285,757 0.43%
Muzaffarpur
88 Gaighat 285,383 0.43%
89 Aurai 276,384 0.41%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
90 Minapur 249,698 0.37%
91 Bochaha (SC) 252,407 0.38%
92 Sakra (SC) 240,447 0.36%
93 Kurhani 263,517 0.39%
94 Muzaffarpur 296,134 0.44%
95 Kanti 273,273 0.41%
96 Baruraj 257,132 0.38%
97 Paroo 276,036 0.41%
98 Sahebganj 277,473 0.42%
Gopalganj
99 Baikunthpur 280,844 0.42%
100 Barauli 255,874 0.38%
101 Gopalganj 297,509 0.45%
102 Kuchaikote 297,225 0.44%
103 Bhorey (SC) 316,728 0.47%
104 Hathua 272,172 0.41%
Siwan
105 Siwan 280,564 0.42%
106 Ziradei 253,194 0.38%
107 Darauli (SC) 287,505 0.43%
108 Raghunathpur 265,245 0.40%
109 Daraundha 288,594 0.43%
110 Barharia 272,455 0.41%
111 Goriakothi 299,463 0.45%
112 Maharajganj 276,408 0.41%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
Saran
113 Ekma 281,642 0.42%
114 Manjhi 282,118 0.42%
115 Baniapur 300,038 0.45%
116 Taraiya 277,058 0.41%
117 Marhaura 244,753 0.37%
118 Chapra 304,043 0.45%
119 Garkha (SC) 281,928 0.42%
120 Amnour 242,140 0.36%
121 Parsa 248,913 0.37%
122 Sonepur 266,302 0.40%
Vaishali
123 Hajipur 310,010 0.46%
124 Lalganj 308,928 0.46%
125 Vaishali 294,670 0.44%
126 Mahua 264,586 0.40%
127 Raja Pakar (SC) 243,296 0.36%
128 Raghopur 316,177 0.47%
129 Mahnar 272,375 0.41%
130 Patepur (SC) 259,461 0.39%
Samastipur
131 Kalyanpur (SC) 293,038 0.44%
132 Warisnagar 281,864 0.42%
133 Samastipur 246,000 0.37%
134 Ujiarpur 265,157 0.40%
135 Morwa 238,503 0.36%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
136 Sarairanjan 255,336 0.38%
137 Mohiuddinnagar 236,450 0.35%
138 Bibhutipur 240,950 0.36%
139 Rosera (SC) 295,360 0.44%
140 Hasanpur 260,936 0.39%
Begusarai
141 Cheria Bariarpur 231,304 0.35%
142 Bachhwara 271,490 0.41%
143 Teghra 268,546 0.40%
144 Matihani 303,862 0.45%
145 Sahebpur Kamal 233,557 0.35%
146 Begusarai 311,166 0.47%
147 Bakhri (SC) 246,975 0.37%
Khagaria
148 Alauli (SC) 227,729 0.34%
149 Khagaria 232,588 0.35%
150 Beldaur 281,964 0.42%
151 Parbatta 284,830 0.43%
Bhagalpur
152 Bihpur 244,949 0.37%
153 Gopalpur 256,882 0.38%
154 Pirpainti (SC) 306,856 0.46%
155 Kahalgaon 307,909 0.46%
156 Bhagalpur 316,109 0.47%
157 Sultanganj 308,325 0.46%
158 Nathnagar 300,049 0.45%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
Banka
159 Amarpur 276,078 0.41%
160 Dhauraiya (SC) 268,706 0.40%
161 Banka 235,442 0.35%
162 Katoria (ST) 232,843 0.35%
163 Belhar 289,572 0.43%
Munger
164 Tarapur 287,962 0.43%
165 Munger 310,867 0.47%
166 Jamalpur 295,977 0.44%
Lakhisarai
167 Suryagarha 315,463 0.47%
168 Lakhisarai 342,397 0.51%
Sheikhpura
169 Sheikhpura 226,546 0.34%
170 Barbigha 203,259 0.30%
Nalanda
171 Asthawan 269,559 0.40%
172 Biharsharif 346,650 0.52%
173 Rajgir (SC) 273,780 0.41%
174 Islampur 269,440 0.40%
175 Hilsa 279,232 0.42%
176 Nalanda 282,811 0.42%
177 Harnaut 287,370 0.43%
Patna
178 Mokama 252,923 0.38%
179 Barh 259,308 0.39%
180 Bakhtiarpur 256,575 0.38%
181 Digha 427,826 0.64%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
182 Bankipur 357,896 0.54%
183 Kumhrar 406,250 0.61%
184 Patna Sahib 339,307 0.51%
185 Fatuha 253,758 0.38%
186 Danapur 319,290 0.48%
187 Maner 299,069 0.45%
188 Phulwari (SC) 323,582 0.48%
189 Masaurhi (SC) 320,740 0.48%
190 Paliganj 260,942 0.39%
191 Bikram 290,822 0.44%
Bhojpur
192 Sandesh 264,119 0.40%
193 Barhara 284,347 0.43%
194 Arrah 301,310 0.45%
195 Agiaon (SC) 249,531 0.37%
196 Tarari 286,054 0.43%
197 Jagdishpur 284,173 0.43%
198 Shahpur 290,967 0.44%
Buxar
199 Brahampur 312,748 0.47%
200 Buxar 274,492 0.41%
201 Dumraon 292,754 0.44%
202 Rajpur (SC) 302,642 0.45%
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
203 Ramgarh 255,133 0.38%
204 Mohania (SC) 247,760 0.37%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
205 Bhabua 245,681 0.37%
206 Chainpur 288,212 0.43%
Rohtas
207 Chenari (SC) 276,556 0.41%
208 Sasaram 325,480 0.49%
209 Kargahar 296,440 0.44%
210 Dinara 272,725 0.41%
211 Nokha 267,834 0.40%
212 Dehri 271,965 0.41%
213 Karakat 293,420 0.44%
Arwal 214 Arwal 245,034 0.37%
215 Kurtha 231,107 0.35%
Jahanabad
216 Jehanabad 270,808 0.41%
217 Ghosi 243,194 0.36%
218 Makhdumpur (SC) 221,309 0.33%
Aurangabad
219 Goh 282,657 0.42%
220 Obra 290,886 0.44%
221 Nabinagar 252,629 0.38%
222 Kutumba (SC) 242,990 0.36%
223 Aurangabad 287,591 0.43%
224 Rafiganj 303,324 0.45%
Gaya
225 Gurua 259,328 0.39%
226 Sherghati 247,117 0.37%
227 Imamganj (SC) 266,043 0.40%
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District
Assembly Constituency Electors
No Name Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
State
228 Barachatti (SC) 277,202 0.41%
229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 288,530 0.43%
230 Gaya Town 247,357 0.37%
231 Tikari 280,093 0.42%
232 Belaganj 249,087 0.37%
233 Atri 280,859 0.42%
234 Wazirganj 278,353 0.42%
Nawada
235 Rajauli (SC) 302,570 0.45%
236 Hisua 341,851 0.51%
237 Nawada 320,012 0.48%
238 Gobindpur 289,206 0.43%
239 Warsaliganj 323,278 0.48%
Jamui
240 Sikandra (SC) 278,121 0.42%
241 Jamui 278,056 0.42%
242 Jhajha 302,617 0.45%
243 Chakai 266,079 0.40%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
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Chapter 4
Gender Composition of Electors
The gender ratio for the 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections is 875, as against
the gender ratio of 918 for the population (as per Census 2011). The district with the highest
gender ratio is Saharsa with 922 women per 1000 men, while Bhojpur has the lowest gender
ratio at 817. Eight out of the thirty states have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while four
states have a gender ratio of 850 or below. Three districts – Saharsa, Madhepura and
Bhagalpur – have a higher gender ratio among their electors than the gender ratio in the
population (as per Census 2011). Siwan and Saran report a difference of more than 100
between the gender ratio in the 2015 electorate and the 2011 population.
No District Number of Electors* Gender Ratio
Male Female Others Total Electors Population**
1 West
Champaran 1,230,670 1,043,059 101 2273830 848 909
2 East
Champaran 1,662,291 1,429,784 86 3092161 860 902
3 Sheohar 146,037 127,418 11 273466 873 893
4 Sitamarhi 1,148,895 1,013,219 59 2162173 882 899
5 Madhubani 1,529,476 1,374,091 107 2903674 898 926
6 Supaul 685,457 626,042 19 1311518 913 929
7 Araria 880,082 775,007 54 1655143 881 921
8 KishanGanj 518,693 467,069 25 985787 900 950
9 Purnia 1,010,140 913,726 67 1923933 905 921
10 Katihar 941,650 835,126 80 1776856 887 919
11 Madhepura 618,721 568,225 32 1186978 918 911
12 Saharsa 619,064 570,735 13 1189812 922 906
13 Darbhanga 1,362,222 1,196,405 41 2558668 878 911
14 Muzaffarpur 1,581,372 1,366,452 60 2947884 864 900
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No District Number of Electors* Gender Ratio
Male Female Others Total Electors Population**
15 Gopalganj 895,471 824,837 44 1720352 921 1021
16 Siwan 1,185,601 1,037,776 51 2223428 875 988
17 Saran 1,473,852 1,255,020 63 2728935 852 954
18 Vaishali 1,227,767 1,041,656 80 2269503 848 895
19 Samastipur 1,398,974 1,214,577 43 2613594 868 911
20 Begusarai 998,625 868,212 63 1866900 869 895
21 Khagaria 546,971 480,115 25 1027111 878 886
22 Bhagalpur 1,084,780 956,223 76 2041079 881 880
23 Banka 695,708 606,904 29 1302641 872 907
24 Munger 487,632 407,127 47 894806 835 876
25 Lakhisarai 354,432 303,418 10 657860 856 902
26 Sheikhpura 228,837 200,949 19 429805 878 930
27 Nalanda 1,066,650 942,117 75 2008842 883 922
28 Patna 2,351,864 2,016,224 200 4368288 857 897
29 Bhojpur 1,079,177 881,161 163 1960501 817 907
30 Buxar 632,078 550,540 18 1182636 871 922
31 Kaimur
(Bhabua) 548,000 488,716 70 1036786 892 920
32 Rohtas 1,080,393 923,982 45 2004420 855 918
33 Arwal 254,567 221,555 19 476141 870 928
34 Jahanabad 388,066 347,231 14 735311 895 922
35 Aurangabad 897,738 762,276 63 1660077 849 926
36 Gaya 1,403,041 1,270,825 103 2673969 906 937
37 Nawada 827,718 749,121 78 1576917 905 939
38 Jamui 604,158 520,699 16 1124873 862 922
State of
Bihar 35,646,870 31,177,619 2,169 66,826,658 875 918
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No District Number of Electors* Gender Ratio
Male Female Others Total Electors Population**
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)
**Population data as per Census 2011
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At the constituency level, Shahpur and Barhara of Bhojpur district have the lowest
gender ratio at 779 and 789 respectively, while Hathua and Gopalganj of Gopalga
district have the highest gender ratio at 947 and 953 respectively. 48 out of the 243
assembly constituencies have a gender ratio of 900 or above, while 45 constituencies
have a gender ratio of 850 or below.
District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
West
Champaran
1 Valmiki Nagar 160,206 133,641 9 293,856 834
2 Ramnagar (SC) 138,224 122,941 7 261,172 889
3 Narkatiaganj 130,336 112,190 19 242,545 861
4 Bagaha 147,207 123,990 15 271,212 842
5 Lauriya 123,148 102,017 10 225,175 828
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
6 Nautan 133,513 109,233 18 242,764 818
7 Chanpatia 133,402 111,882 13 245,297 839
8 Bettiah 134,199 114,112 0 248,311 850
9 Sikta 130,435 113,053 10 243,498 867
East
Champaran
10 Raxaul 139,618 118,039 12 257,669 845
11 Sugauli 139,957 118,578 8 258,543 847
12 Narkatia 137,996 118,323 6 256,325 857
13 Harsidhi (SC) 126,050 108,251 1 234,302 859
14 Govindganj 131,130 111,467 0 242,597 850
15 Kesaria 130,528 109,903 2 240,433 842
16 Kalyanpur 121,246 105,377 5 226,628 869
17 Pipra 159,508 139,288 11 298,807 873
18 Madhuban 124,646 109,011 13 233,670 875
19 Motihari 157,469 133,736 9 291,214 849
20 Chiraia 143,397 123,542 8 266,947 862
21 Dhaka 150,746 134,269 11 285,026 891
Sheohar 22 Sheohar 146,037 127,418 11 273,466 873
Sitamarhi
23 Riga 150,631 131,534 14 282,179 873
24 Bathnaha (SC) 145,122 130,872 11 276,005 902
25 Parihar 149,125 134,557 12 283,694 902
26 Sursand 151,135 135,146 4 286,285 894
27 Bajpatti 151,031 132,723 0 283,754 879
28 Sitamarhi 138,627 120,207 10 258,844 867
29 Runnisaidpur 137,355 118,845 7 256,207 865
30 Belsand 125,869 109,335 1 235,205 869
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
Madhubani
31 Harlakhi 135,384 122,672 8 258,064 906
32 Benipatti 144,115 127,069 18 271,202 882
33 Khajauli 146,469 131,079 11 277,559 895
34 Babubarhi 149,262 132,392 16 281,670 887
35 Bisfi 156,569 145,259 8 301,836 928
36 Madhubani 169,936 149,970 14 319,920 883
37 Rajnagar (SC) 157,135 137,969 13 295,117 878
38 Jhanjharpur 153,226 137,154 6 290,386 895
39 Phulparas 157,742 143,286 7 301,035 908
40 Laukaha 159,638 147,241 6 306,885 922
Supaul
41 Nirmali 139,746 129,653 1 269,400 928
42 Pipra 134,904 124,902 0 259,806 926
43 Supaul 136,900 125,125 5 262,030 914
44 Triveniganj
(SC) 134,290 122,739 5 257,034 914
45 Chhatapur 139,617 123,623 8 263,248 885
Araria
46 Narpatganj 149,737 130,329 9 280,075 870
47 Raniganj (SC) 149,243 133,885 16 283,144 897
48 Forbesganj 159,067 140,203 7 299,277 881
49 Araria 147,605 129,472 7 277,084 877
50 Jokihat 138,194 119,349 10 257,553 864
51 Sikti 136,236 121,769 5 258,010 894
Kishanganj
52 Bahadurganj 136,258 119,320 7 255,585 876
53 Thakurganj 134,933 122,120 4 257,057 905
54 Kishanganj 132,633 123,995 10 256,638 935
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
55 Kochadhaman 114,869 101,634 4 216,507 885
Purnia
56 Amour 148,911 130,057 10 278,978 873
57 Baisi 129,481 115,338 10 244,829 891
58 Kasba 136,161 125,629 12 261,802 923
59 Banmankhi
(SC) 146,079 133,777 6 279,862 916
60 Rupauli 151,051 138,122 14 289,187 914
61 Dhamdaha 149,052 138,094 7 287,153 926
62 Purnia 149,405 132,709 8 282,122 888
Katihar
63 Katihar 129,031 112,967 11 242,009 876
64 Kadwa 130,050 114,272 11 244,333 879
65 Balrampur 158,619 138,919 14 297,552 876
66 Pranpur 138,504 123,714 23 262,241 893
67 Manihari (ST) 131,629 115,566 10 247,205 878
68 Barari 126,119 110,363 7 236,489 875
69 Korha (SC) 127,698 119,325 4 247,027 934
Madhepura
70 Alamnagar 163,878 149,283 5 313,166 911
71 Bihariganj 147,182 136,744 8 283,934 929
72 Singheshwar
(SC) 148,980 136,731 9 285,720 918
73 Madhepura 158,681 145,467 10 304,158 917
Saharsa
74 Sonbarsha (SC) 146,106 135,849 4 281,959 930
75 Saharsa 174,482 158,310 5 332,797 907
76 Simri
Bakhtiarpur 158,666 144,891 2 303,559 913
77 Mahishi 139,810 131,685 2 271,497 942
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
Darbhanga
78 Kusheshwar
Asthan (SC) 119,292 107,772 2 227,066 903
79 Gaura Bauram 121,140 107,879 0 229,019 891
80 Benipur 140,015 126,385 1 266,401 903
81 Alinagar 131,952 119,488 0 251,440 906
82 Darbhanga
Rural 140,976 122,311 0 263,287 868
83 Darbhanga 151,474 130,557 14 282,045 862
84 Hayaghat 116,241 103,396 7 219,644 889
85 Bahadurpur 143,968 124,114 4 268,086 862
86 Keoti 143,678 122,233 12 265,923 851
87 Jale 153,486 132,270 1 285,757 862
Muzaffarpur
88 Gaighat 151,990 133,390 3 285,383 878
89 Aurai 149,192 127,190 2 276,384 853
90 Minapur 133,396 116,293 9 249,698 872
91 Bochaha (SC) 134,142 118,262 3 252,407 882
92 Sakra (SC) 127,522 112,923 2 240,447 886
93 Kurhani 141,317 122,195 5 263,517 865
94 Muzaffarpur 159,872 136,253 9 296,134 852
95 Kanti 147,698 125,569 6 273,273 850
96 Baruraj 139,205 117,926 1 257,132 847
97 Paroo 147,040 128,991 5 276,036 877
98 Sahebganj 149,998 127,460 15 277,473 850
Gopalganj
99 Baikunthpur 147,487 133,352 5 280,844 904
100 Barauli 135,647 120,223 4 255,874 886
101 Gopalganj 152,337 145,166 6 297,509 953
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
102 Kuchaikote 154,477 142,733 15 297,225 924
103 Bhorey (SC) 165,722 150,999 7 316,728 911
104 Hathua 139,801 132,364 7 272,172 947
Siwan
105 Siwan 151,688 128,873 3 280,564 850
106 Ziradei 137,302 115,888 4 253,194 844
107 Darauli (SC) 155,113 132,390 2 287,505 854
108 Raghunathpur 140,889 124,346 10 265,245 883
109 Daraundha 152,831 135,752 11 288,594 888
110 Barharia 147,006 125,443 6 272,455 853
111 Goriakothi 156,353 143,101 9 299,463 915
112 Maharajganj 144,419 131,983 6 276,408 914
Saran
113 Ekma 151,100 130,537 5 281,642 864
114 Manjhi 151,356 130,747 15 282,118 864
115 Baniapur 162,351 137,683 4 300,038 848
116 Taraiya 149,144 127,908 6 277,058 858
117 Marhaura 131,872 112,877 4 244,753 856
118 Chapra 166,051 137,988 4 304,043 831
119 Garkha (SC) 154,006 127,911 11 281,928 831
120 Amnour 130,473 111,658 9 242,140 856
121 Parsa 133,790 115,122 1 248,913 860
122 Sonepur 143,709 122,589 4 266,302 853
Vaishali
123 Hajipur 167,798 142,199 13 310,010 847
124 Lalganj 167,101 141,822 5 308,928 849
125 Vaishali 159,086 135,569 15 294,670 852
126 Mahua 142,659 121,917 10 264,586 855
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
127 Raja Pakar (SC) 131,944 111,341 11 243,296 844
128 Raghopur 172,714 143,462 1 316,177 831
129 Mahnar 147,124 125,235 16 272,375 851
130 Patepur (SC) 139,341 120,111 9 259,461 862
Samastipur
131 Kalyanpur (SC) 157,017 136,018 3 293,038 866
132 Warisnagar 150,432 131,432 0 281,864 874
133 Samastipur 132,801 113,196 3 246,000 852
134 Ujiarpur 141,997 123,155 5 265,157 867
135 Morwa 127,849 110,645 9 238,503 865
136 Sarairanjan 136,434 118,901 1 255,336 871
137 Mohiuddinnag
ar 128,102 108,347 1 236,450 846
138 Bibhutipur 128,456 112,486 8 240,950 876
139 Rosera (SC) 157,329 138,026 5 295,360 877
140 Hasanpur 138,557 122,371 8 260,936 883
Begusarai
141 Cheria
Bariarpur 121,959 109,329 16 231,304 896
142 Bachhwara 145,314 126,171 5 271,490 868
143 Teghra 144,795 123,735 16 268,546 855
144 Matihani 163,767 140,095 0 303,862 855
145 Sahebpur
Kamal 125,323 108,226 8 233,557 864
146 Begusarai 167,327 143,830 9 311,166 860
147 Bakhri (SC) 130,140 116,826 9 246,975 898
Khagaria 148 Alauli (SC) 119,987 107,736 6 227,729 898
149 Khagaria 124,895 107,687 6 232,588 862
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
150 Beldaur 149,780 132,174 10 281,964 882
151 Parbatta 152,309 132,518 3 284,830 870
Bhagalpur
152 Bihpur 129,548 115,396 5 244,949 891
153 Gopalpur 135,643 121,228 11 256,882 894
154 Pirpainti (SC) 163,736 143,114 6 306,856 874
155 Kahalgaon 162,213 145,694 2 307,909 898
156 Bhagalpur 169,730 146,360 19 316,109 862
157 Sultanganj 164,118 144,185 22 308,325 879
158 Nathnagar 159,792 140,246 11 300,049 878
Banka
159 Amarpur 149,112 126,956 10 276,078 851
160 Dhauraiya (SC) 143,622 125,078 6 268,706 871
161 Banka 124,541 110,896 5 235,442 890
162 Katoria (ST) 124,113 108,727 3 232,843 876
163 Belhar 154,320 135,247 5 289,572 876
Munger
164 Tarapur 155,259 132,694 9 287,962 855
165 Munger 169,440 141,400 27 310,867 835
166 Jamalpur 162,933 133,033 11 295,977 816
Lakhisarai
167 Suryagarha 170,590 144,871 2 315,463 849
168 Lakhisarai 183,842 158,547 8 342,397 862
Sheikhpura
169 Sheikhpura 120,562 105,975 9 226,546 879
170 Barbigha 108,275 94,974 10 203,259 877
Nalanda
171 Asthawan 144,451 125,101 7 269,559 866
172 Biharsharif 184,926 161,699 25 346,650 874
173 Rajgir (SC) 143,173 130,600 7 273,780 912
174 Islampur 143,899 125,532 9 269,440 872
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
175 Hilsa 147,631 131,594 7 279,232 891
176 Nalanda 150,112 132,689 10 282,811 884
177 Harnaut 152,458 134,902 10 287,370 885
Patna
178 Mokama 136,729 116,193 1 252,923 850
179 Barh 141,128 118,180 0 259,308 837
180 Bakhtiarpur 138,161 118,408 6 256,575 857
181 Digha 228,967 198,838 21 427,826 868
182 Bankipur 193,112 164,758 26 357,896 853
183 Kumhrar 221,769 184,443 38 406,250 832
184 Patna Sahib 182,957 156,334 16 339,307 854
185 Fatuha 136,544 117,209 5 253,758 858
186 Danapur 174,209 145,066 15 319,290 833
187 Maner 160,762 138,300 7 299,069 860
188 Phulwari (SC) 174,889 148,679 14 323,582 850
189 Masaurhi (SC) 168,794 151,916 30 320,740 900
190 Paliganj 139,416 121,514 12 260,942 872
191 Bikram 154,427 136,386 9 290,822 883
Bhojpur
192 Sandesh 144,220 119,813 86 264,119 831
193 Barhara 158,951 125,389 7 284,347 789
194 Arrah 165,479 135,809 22 301,310 821
195 Agiaon (SC) 136,384 113,141 6 249,531 830
196 Tarari 155,830 130,210 14 286,054 836
197 Jagdishpur 154,739 129,416 18 284,173 836
198 Shahpur 163,574 127,383 10 290,967 779
Buxar 199 Brahampur 168,417 144,328 3 312,748 857
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
200 Buxar 146,270 128,216 6 274,492 877
201 Dumraon 157,466 135,280 8 292,754 859
202 Rajpur (SC) 159,925 142,716 1 302,642 892
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
203 Ramgarh 135,117 119,988 28 255,133 888
204 Mohania (SC) 131,655 116,085 20 247,760 882
205 Bhabua 129,443 116,225 13 245,681 898
206 Chainpur 151,785 136,418 9 288,212 899
Rohtas
207 Chenari (SC) 150,133 126,420 3 276,556 842
208 Sasaram 175,150 150,328 2 325,480 858
209 Kargahar 158,931 137,498 11 296,440 865
210 Dinara 146,630 126,089 6 272,725 860
211 Nokha 144,306 123,520 8 267,834 856
212 Dehri 147,170 124,790 5 271,965 848
213 Karakat 158,073 135,337 10 293,420 856
Arwal 214 Arwal 131,222 113,801 11 245,034 867
215 Kurtha 123,345 107,754 8 231,107 874
Jahanabad
216 Jehanabad 143,589 127,216 3 270,808 886
217 Ghosi 127,147 116,039 8 243,194 913
218 Makhdumpur
(SC) 117,330 103,976 3 221,309 886
Aurangabad
219 Goh 150,440 132,205 12 282,657 879
220 Obra 156,399 134,477 10 290,886 860
221 Nabinagar 138,372 114,246 11 252,629 826
222 Kutumba (SC) 133,204 109,782 4 242,990 824
223 Aurangabad 155,305 132,277 9 287,591 852
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District
Assembly
Constituency Number of Electors* Gende
r Ratio No Name Male Female Others Total
224 Rafiganj 164,018 139,289 17 303,324 849
Gaya
225 Gurua 138,191 121,128 9 259,328 877
226 Sherghati 128,954 118,149 14 247,117 916
227 Imamganj (SC) 140,079 125,955 9 266,043 899
228 Barachatti (SC) 143,472 133,710 20 277,202 932
229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 150,030 138,498 2 288,530 923
230 Gaya Town 130,515 116,821 21 247,357 895
231 Tikari 147,333 132,754 6 280,093 901
232 Belaganj 131,719 117,360 8 249,087 891
233 Atri 146,671 134,183 5 280,859 915
234 Wazirganj 146,077 132,267 9 278,353 905
Nawada
235 Rajauli (SC) 158,405 144,143 22 302,570 910
236 Hisua 179,515 162,321 15 341,851 904
237 Nawada 167,280 152,721 11 320,012 913
238 Gobindpur 152,965 136,228 13 289,206 891
239 Warsaliganj 169,553 153,708 17 323,278 907
Jamui
240 Sikandra (SC) 149,105 129,015 1 278,121 865
241 Jamui 150,293 127,756 7 278,056 850
242 Jhajha 161,961 140,655 1 302,617 868
243 Chakai 142,799 123,273 7 266,079 863
Stat
e of
Biha
r
35,646,870 31,177,61
9 2,169
66,826,
658 875 918
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date (31.07.2015)
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Chapter 5
A Snapshot of Newly Eligible Electors
Out of the 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, the number of
newly eligible electors is 24,13,024, or 3.61%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 1.42 lakh electors has the highest number of
newly eligible electors, followed by Madhubani, at 1.25 lakh electors. Sheohar has the
smallest number of newly eligible electors, at 10,271, followed by Arwal at 16,494.
Further, Madhepura has the highest proportion of electors in the age group 18 – 19;
4.93% of the electors of the district belong to this age group. This is followed by Bhojpur,
at 4.77%. Siwan has the lowest proportion of newly eligible electors, at 2.63%, followed
by Vaishali at 2.86%.
Sl. No District
Newly Eligible Electors* (18 – 19 years of Age)
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
1 West Champaran 69,966 3.08% 2.90%
2 East Champaran 1,15,809 3.75% 4.80%
3 Sheohar 10,271 3.76% 0.43%
4 Sitamarhi 74,424 3.44% 3.08%
5 Madhubani 1,24,825 4.30% 5.17%
6 Supaul 48,833 3.72% 2.02%
7 Araria 57,627 3.48% 2.39%
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Sl. No District
Newly Eligible Electors* (18 – 19 years of Age)
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
8 KishanGanj 32,757 3.32% 1.36%
9 Purnia 74,317 3.86% 3.08%
10 Katihar 66,450 3.74% 2.75%
11 Madhepura 58,519 4.93% 2.43%
12 Saharsa 39,644 3.33% 1.64%
13 Darbhanga 96,345 3.77% 3.99%
14 Muzaffarpur 90,671 3.08% 3.76%
15 Gopalganj 51,778 3.01% 2.15%
16 Siwan 58,382 2.63% 2.42%
17 Saran 92,717 3.40% 3.84%
18 Vaishali 64,888 2.86% 2.69%
19 Samastipur 95,322 3.65% 3.95%
20 Begusarai 73,977 3.96% 3.07%
21 Khagaria 45,876 4.47% 1.90%
22 Bhagalpur 68,335 3.35% 2.83%
23 Banka 44,858 3.44% 1.86%
24 Munger 26,602 2.97% 1.10%
25 Lakhisarai 25,608 3.89% 1.06%
26 Sheikhpura 17,383 4.04% 0.72%
27 Nalanda 62,199 3.10% 2.58%
28 Patna 1,42,182 3.25% 5.89%
29 Bhojpur 93,497 4.77% 3.87%
30 Buxar 51,705 4.37% 2.14%
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Sl. No District
Newly Eligible Electors* (18 – 19 years of Age)
Number of
Electors
As % of Total
Electors in
District
As % of
Total
Newly
Eligible
Electors in
State
31 Kaimur (Bhabua) 43,737 4.22% 1.81%
32 Rohtas 72,606 3.62% 3.01%
33 Arwal 16,964 3.56% 0.70%
34 Jahanabad 26,688 3.63% 1.11%
35 Aurangabad 59,343 3.57% 2.46%
36 Gaya 1,08,859 4.07% 4.51%
37 Nawada 64,759 4.11% 2.68%
38 Jamui 44,301 3.94% 1.84%
State of Bihar 24,13,024 3.61%* 1
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date
(31.07.2015)
**As % of Total Electors in State
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Chapter 6
Elector - Population Ratio
The 6.68 crore Bihar electorate of the 2015 Elections constitute 59% of the population
of the state. The district with the highest elector population ratio is Patna with 68% of
the population are electors, while Katihar has the lowest ratio at 0.53.
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No District Elector* – Population** Ratio
Male Female Total
1 Patna 0.70 0.67 0.68
2 Bhojpur 0.68 0.62 0.65
3 Nawada 0.65 0.63 0.64
4 Nalanda 0.64 0.62 0.63
5 Buxar 0.64 0.61 0.63
6 Saran 0.66 0.59 0.62
7 Bhagalpur 0.61 0.61 0.61
8 Arwal 0.63 0.59 0.61
9 Sheikhpura 0.63 0.59 0.61
10 Rohtas 0.63 0.59 0.61
11 Siwan 0.64 0.57 0.61
12 Gopalganj 0.63 0.58 0.60
13 Aurangabad 0.62 0.58 0.60
14 Lakhisarai 0.61 0.58 0.60
15 Vaishali 0.61 0.58 0.59
16 Munger 0.61 0.58 0.59
17 Jahanabad 0.60 0.58 0.59
18 Madhubani 0.60 0.58 0.59
19 Darbhanga 0.60 0.58 0.59
20 Banka 0.59 0.57 0.58
21 Jamui 0.60 0.56 0.58
22 Kaimur (Bhabua) 0.59 0.57 0.58
23 Begusarai 0.58 0.57 0.58
24 Saharsa 0.57 0.58 0.57
25 Khagaria 0.57 0.57 0.57
26 Muzaffarpur 0.57 0.55 0.56
27 Samastipur 0.57 0.55 0.56
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28 East Champaran 0.57 0.54 0.56
29 Gaya 0.56 0.55 0.56
30 Madhepura 0.54 0.55 0.55
31 Sitamarhi 0.55 0.54 0.55
32 Sheohar 0.55 0.54 0.54
33 Araria 0.55 0.53 0.54
34 Supaul 0.54 0.54 0.54
35 Purnia 0.54 0.53 0.54
36 Kishanganj 0.55 0.52 0.54
37 West Champaran 0.55 0.51 0.53
38 Katihar 0.54 0.52 0.53
State of Bihar 0.60 0.57 0.59
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date
(31.07.2015)
**Population data is Projected Population (2015)
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At the constituency level, Digha and Kumhrarof Patna district have the highest
elector – population ratio at 0.86 and 0.85 respectively, while Barari of Katihar
district and Lauriyaof West Champarandistrict have the lowest, at 0.49 and 0.51
respectively.
District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
West
Champaran
1 Valmiki Nagar 0.57 0.52 0.55
2 Ramnagar (SC) 0.53 0.52 0.53
3 Narkatiaganj 0.56 0.53 0.55
4 Bagaha 0.55 0.51 0.53
5 Lauriya 0.53 0.49 0.51
6 Nautan 0.54 0.49 0.51
7 Chanpatia 0.54 0.50 0.52
8 Bettiah 0.55 0.52 0.53
9 Sikta 0.56 0.53 0.55
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
East
Champaran
10 Raxaul 0.57 0.54 0.55
11 Sugauli 0.57 0.53 0.55
12 Narkatia 0.54 0.52 0.53
13 Harsidhi (SC) 0.55 0.52 0.54
14 Govindganj 0.59 0.56 0.58
15 Kesaria 0.60 0.56 0.58
16 Kalyanpur 0.56 0.54 0.55
17 Pipra 0.56 0.55 0.56
18 Madhuban 0.58 0.56 0.57
19 Motihari 0.61 0.57 0.59
20 Chiraia 0.57 0.55 0.56
21 Dhaka 0.53 0.53 0.53
Sheohar 22 Sheohar 0.55 0.54 0.54
Sitamarhi
23 Riga 0.57 0.55 0.56
24 Bathnaha (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54
25 Parihar 0.56 0.57 0.57
26 Sursand 0.56 0.56 0.56
27 Bajpatti 0.54 0.53 0.53
28 Sitamarhi 0.55 0.54 0.55
29 Runnisaidpur 0.55 0.53 0.54
30 Belsand 0.53 0.51 0.52
Madhubani
31 Harlakhi 0.58 0.57 0.58
32 Benipatti 0.63 0.60 0.61
33 Khajauli 0.59 0.57 0.58
34 Babubarhi 0.57 0.55 0.56
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
35 Bisfi 0.59 0.59 0.59
36 Madhubani 0.64 0.61 0.63
37 Rajnagar (SC) 0.63 0.60 0.62
38 Jhanjharpur 0.60 0.58 0.59
39 Phulparas 0.58 0.57 0.57
40 Laukaha 0.57 0.57 0.57
Supaul
41 Nirmali 0.56 0.57 0.56
42 Pipra 0.53 0.53 0.53
43 Supaul 0.54 0.53 0.53
44 Triveniganj (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56
45 Chhatapur 0.52 0.50 0.51
Araria
46 Narpatganj 0.53 0.50 0.52
47 Raniganj (SC) 0.54 0.53 0.54
48 Forbesganj 0.58 0.55 0.56
49 Araria 0.56 0.54 0.55
50 Jokihat 0.55 0.52 0.53
51 Sikti 0.55 0.54 0.54
Kishanganj
52 Bahadurganj 0.53 0.50 0.52
53 Thakurganj 0.54 0.52 0.53
54 Kishanganj 0.57 0.56 0.56
55 Kochadhaman 0.55 0.51 0.53
Purnia
56 Amour 0.55 0.52 0.54
57 Baisi 0.52 0.50 0.51
58 Kasba 0.55 0.54 0.54
59 Banmankhi (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
60 Rupauli 0.53 0.52 0.52
61 Dhamdaha 0.54 0.54 0.54
62 Purnia 0.59 0.56 0.57
Katihar
63 Katihar 0.57 0.55 0.56
64 Kadwa 0.55 0.53 0.54
65 Balrampur 0.56 0.54 0.55
66 Pranpur 0.53 0.51 0.52
67 Manihari (ST) 0.52 0.50 0.51
68 Barari 0.50 0.48 0.49
69 Korha (SC) 0.52 0.54 0.53
Madhepura
70 Alamnagar 0.55 0.55 0.55
71 Bihariganj 0.53 0.54 0.54
72 Singheshwar (SC) 0.54 0.54 0.54
73 Madhepura 0.56 0.56 0.56
Saharsa
74 Sonbarsha (SC) 0.58 0.60 0.59
75 Saharsa 0.61 0.62 0.61
76 SimriBakhtiarpur 0.56 0.57 0.56
77 Mahishi 0.51 0.53 0.52
Darbhanga
78 KusheshwarAsthan
(SC) 0.57 0.57 0.57
79 GauraBauram 0.57 0.56 0.56
80 Benipur 0.61 0.61 0.61
81 Alinagar 0.60 0.59 0.60
82 Darbhanga Rural 0.60 0.57 0.59
83 Darbhanga 0.63 0.60 0.62
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
84 Hayaghat 0.57 0.56 0.57
85 Bahadurpur 0.59 0.56 0.57
86 Keoti 0.58 0.54 0.56
87 Jale 0.63 0.60 0.62
Muzaffarpur
88 Gaighat 0.56 0.55 0.56
89 Aurai 0.55 0.52 0.54
90 Minapur 0.56 0.55 0.55
91 Bochaha (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56
92 Sakra (SC) 0.55 0.54 0.54
93 Kurhani 0.56 0.54 0.55
94 Muzaffarpur 0.61 0.58 0.60
95 Kanti 0.59 0.56 0.58
96 Baruraj 0.59 0.56 0.57
97 Paroo 0.58 0.57 0.57
98 Sahebganj 0.59 0.56 0.57
Gopalganj
99 Baikunthpur 0.66 0.59 0.62
100 Barauli 0.61 0.54 0.57
101 Gopalganj 0.62 0.59 0.61
102 Kuchaikote 0.65 0.59 0.62
103 Bhorey (SC) 0.66 0.60 0.63
104 Hathua 0.59 0.55 0.57
Siwan
105 Siwan 0.66 0.57 0.61
106 Ziradei 0.66 0.57 0.61
107 Darauli (SC) 0.66 0.57 0.62
108 Raghunathpur 0.63 0.57 0.60
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
109 Daraundha 0.65 0.58 0.62
110 Barharia 0.61 0.53 0.57
111 Goriakothi 0.62 0.58 0.60
112 Maharajganj 0.64 0.60 0.62
Saran
113 Ekma 0.69 0.63 0.66
114 Manjhi 0.67 0.61 0.64
115 Baniapur 0.68 0.61 0.64
116 Taraiya 0.63 0.58 0.61
117 Marhaura 0.61 0.56 0.59
118 Chapra 0.71 0.62 0.66
119 Garkha (SC) 0.65 0.57 0.61
120 Amnour 0.63 0.57 0.60
121 Parsa 0.65 0.59 0.62
122 Sonepur 0.63 0.57 0.60
Vaishali
123 Hajipur 0.65 0.61 0.63
124 Lalganj 0.61 0.59 0.60
125 Vaishali 0.60 0.58 0.59
126 Mahua 0.60 0.58 0.59
127 Raja Pakar (SC) 0.60 0.57 0.58
128 Raghopur 0.59 0.55 0.57
129 Mahnar 0.63 0.60 0.61
130 Patepur (SC) 0.59 0.57 0.58
Samastipur
131 Kalyanpur (SC) 0.59 0.56 0.57
132 Warisnagar 0.57 0.55 0.56
133 Samastipur 0.56 0.53 0.54
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
134 Ujiarpur 0.54 0.52 0.53
135 Morwa 0.57 0.55 0.56
136 Sarairanjan 0.58 0.56 0.57
137 Mohiuddinnagar 0.59 0.55 0.57
138 Bibhutipur 0.56 0.54 0.55
139 Rosera (SC) 0.58 0.56 0.57
140 Hasanpur 0.56 0.55 0.55
Begusarai
141 CheriaBariarpur 0.55 0.56 0.56
142 Bachhwara 0.57 0.55 0.56
143 Teghra 0.57 0.55 0.56
144 Matihani 0.59 0.56 0.57
145 Sahebpur Kamal 0.57 0.55 0.56
146 Begusarai 0.64 0.62 0.63
147 Bakhri (SC) 0.58 0.58 0.58
Khagaria
148 Alauli (SC) 0.55 0.56 0.55
149 Khagaria 0.57 0.56 0.57
150 Beldaur 0.57 0.57 0.57
151 Parbatta 0.58 0.58 0.58
Bhagalpur
152 Bihpur 0.63 0.64 0.63
153 Gopalpur 0.60 0.61 0.60
154 Pirpainti (SC) 0.57 0.57 0.57
155 Kahalgaon 0.57 0.59 0.58
156 Bhagalpur 0.68 0.67 0.67
157 Sultanganj 0.63 0.63 0.63
158 Nathnagar 0.60 0.60 0.60
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
Banka
159 Amarpur 0.63 0.59 0.61
160 Dhauraiya (SC) 0.57 0.55 0.56
161 Banka 0.59 0.58 0.58
162 Katoria (ST) 0.58 0.56 0.57
163 Belhar 0.61 0.59 0.60
Munger
164 Tarapur 0.60 0.58 0.59
165 Munger 0.61 0.58 0.60
166 Jamalpur 0.60 0.56 0.58
Lakhisarai
167 Suryagarha 0.63 0.60 0.62
168 Lakhisarai 0.59 0.57 0.58
Sheikhpura
169 Sheikhpura 0.64 0.61 0.62
170 Barbigha 0.61 0.58 0.60
Nalanda
171 Asthawan 0.65 0.61 0.63
172 Biharsharif 0.73 0.70 0.72
173 Rajgir (SC) 0.62 0.61 0.61
174 Islampur 0.61 0.58 0.59
175 Hilsa 0.63 0.61 0.62
176 Nalanda 0.61 0.59 0.60
177 Harnaut 0.64 0.61 0.62
Patna
178 Mokama 0.60 0.57 0.59
179 Barh 0.64 0.60 0.62
180 Bakhtiarpur 0.62 0.59 0.61
181 Digha 0.87 0.85 0.86
182 Bankipur 0.79 0.75 0.77
183 Kumhrar 0.87 0.82 0.85
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
184 Patna Sahib 0.68 0.65 0.67
185 Fatuha 0.66 0.64 0.65
186 Danapur 0.75 0.70 0.72
187 Maner 0.61 0.59 0.60
188 Phulwari (SC) 0.79 0.76 0.78
189 Masaurhi (SC) 0.62 0.63 0.63
190 Paliganj 0.62 0.60 0.61
191 Bikram 0.61 0.60 0.60
Bhojpur
192 Sandesh 0.64 0.59 0.62
193 Barhara 0.68 0.60 0.65
194 Arrah 0.76 0.69 0.73
195 Agiaon (SC) 0.66 0.61 0.63
196 Tarari 0.66 0.62 0.64
197 Jagdishpur 0.65 0.60 0.63
198 Shahpur 0.71 0.62 0.67
Buxar
199 Brahampur 0.63 0.59 0.61
200 Buxar 0.67 0.64 0.65
201 Dumraon 0.64 0.59 0.62
202 Rajpur (SC) 0.63 0.61 0.62
Kaimur
(Bhabua)
203 Ramgarh 0.60 0.58 0.59
204 Mohania (SC) 0.60 0.58 0.59
205 Bhabua 0.57 0.56 0.57
206 Chainpur 0.59 0.58 0.58
Rohtas
207 Chenari (SC) 0.59 0.55 0.57
208 Sasaram 0.65 0.61 0.63
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
209 Kargahar 0.66 0.62 0.64
210 Dinara 0.63 0.59 0.61
211 Nokha 0.63 0.59 0.61
212 Dehri 0.63 0.59 0.61
213 Karakat 0.61 0.58 0.60
Arwal 214 Arwal 0.64 0.60 0.62
215 Kurtha 0.62 0.59 0.60
Jahanabad
216 Jehanabad 0.62 0.60 0.61
217 Ghosi 0.59 0.59 0.59
218 Makhdumpur (SC) 0.58 0.56 0.57
Aurangabad
219 Goh 0.59 0.57 0.58
220 Obra 0.63 0.59 0.61
221 Nabinagar 0.61 0.55 0.59
222 Kutumba (SC) 0.60 0.54 0.57
223 Aurangabad 0.66 0.62 0.64
224 Rafiganj 0.63 0.58 0.61
Gaya
225 Gurua 0.57 0.54 0.55
226 Sherghati 0.56 0.55 0.56
227 Imamganj (SC) 0.55 0.54 0.54
228 Barachatti (SC) 0.55 0.55 0.55
229 Bodh Gaya (SC) 0.56 0.55 0.56
230 Gaya Town 0.56 0.54 0.55
231 Tikari 0.56 0.55 0.55
232 Belaganj 0.59 0.57 0.58
233 Atri 0.56 0.55 0.56
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District
Assembly
Constituency Elector* - Population** Ratio
No Name Male Female Total
234 Wazirganj 0.57 0.55 0.56
Nawada
235 Rajauli (SC) 0.62 0.60 0.61
236 Hisua 0.67 0.65 0.66
237 Nawada 0.67 0.66 0.67
238 Gobindpur 0.65 0.62 0.64
239 Warsaliganj 0.65 0.64 0.65
Jamui
240 Sikandra (SC) 0.62 0.59 0.61
241 Jamui 0.62 0.58 0.60
242 Jhajha 0.60 0.57 0.58
243 Chakai 0.56 0.53 0.54
State of Bihar 0.60 0.57 0.59
*Electoral data as per proposed Final Roll w.r.t. 01.01.2015 as the qualifying date
(31.07.2015)
**Population data is Projected Population (2015)
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Chapter 7
Top and Bottom Districts and Constituencies by Electorate Size
Out of a total of 6.68 crore electors for the Bihar General Elections of 2015, it is notable
that every single registered elector of the 66,826,658 electors has an EPIC card. The EPIC
coverage for the Bihar Assembly Elections of 2015 is thus a perfect 100%.
Out of the 38 districts of Bihar, Patna at 43.7 lakh electors has the highest number of
electors, forming 6.54% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by East
Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Madhubani and Saran (4.08%).
At the other end, Sheohar at 2.73 lakh electors has the lowest number of electors,
comprising 0.41% of the total electorate of the state. This is followed by Sheikhpura,
Arwal, Lakhisarai and Jahanabad (1.10%).
The top 5 districts together constitute 24% of the total electorate, while the bottom 5
form 3.85% of the total electorate of the state.
TABLE 1: TOP 5 DISTRICTS BY ELECTORATE SIZE
Sl. No District
Electors
Number of Electors As % of Total
Electors in State
1 Patna 4,368,288 6.54%
2 East Champaran 3,092,161 4.63%
3 Muzaffarpur 2,947,884 4.41%
4 Madhubani 2,903,674 4.35%
5 Saran 2,728,935 4.08%
Top 5 Districts 16,040,942 24.00%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
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TABLE 2: BOTTOM 5 DISTRICTS BY ELECTORATE SIZE
Sl. No District
Electors
Number of Electors As % of Total
Electors in State
1 Sheohar 273,466 0.41%
2 Sheikhpura 429,805 0.64%
3 Arwal 476,141 0.71%
4 Lakhisarai 657,860 0.98%
5 Jahanabad 735,311 1.10%
Bottom 5 Districts 2,572,583 3.85%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
At the constituency level, Digha of Patna district has the largest number of electors at
4.28 lakh electors, comprising 0.64% of the total electorate of the state, while Barbigha
of Sheikhpura district has the smallest number of electors at 2.03 lakh electors, forming
0.30% of the total electorate of the state.
The top 5 constituencies together constitute 2.81% of the total electorate, while the
bottom 5 form 1.62% of the total electorate of the state.
TABLE 3: TOP 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE
Sl. No
Assembly Constituency Electors
Name District Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
1 Digha Patna 427,826 0.64%
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Sl. No
Assembly Constituency Electors
Name District Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
2 Kumhrar Patna 406,250 0.61%
3 Bankipur Patna 357,896 0.54%
4 Biharsharif Nalanda 346,650 0.52%
5 Lakhisarai Lakhisarai 342,397 0.51%
Top 5 Constituencies 1,881,019 2.81%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
TABLE 4: BOTTOM 5 CONSTITUENCIES BY ELECTORATE SIZE
Sl. No
Assembly Constituency Electors
Name District Number of
Electors
As % of
Total
Electors in
State
1 Barbigha Sheikhpura 203,259 0.30%
2 Kochadhaman Kishan- 216,507 0.32%
3 Hayaghat Darbhanga 219,644 0.33%
4 Makhdumpur
(SC) Jahanabad
221,309 0.33%
5 Lauriya West Champaran 225,175 0.34%
Bottom 5 Constituencies 1,085,894 1.62%
State of Bihar 66,826,658 100%
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Chapter 8
LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
PARTY TYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY
NATIONAL PARTIES
STATE PARTIES
7 . JD(U) Janata Dal (United)
8 . LJP Lok Jan Shakti Party
9 . RJD Rashtriya Janata Dal
STATE PARTIES - OTHER STATES
10 . AIFB All India Forward Bloc
11 . JD(S) Janata Dal (Secular)
12 . JKNPP Jammu & Kashmir National Panthers Party
13 . JMM Jharkhand Mukti Morcha
14 . JVM Jharkhand Vikas Morcha (Prajatantrik)
15 . MUL Muslim League Kerala State Committee
16 . RSP Revolutionary Socialist Party
1 . BJP Bharatiya Janata Party
2 . BSP Bahujan Samaj Party
3 . CPI Communist Party of India
4 . CPM Communist Party of India (Marxist)
5 . INC Indian National Congress
6 . NCP Nationalist Congress Party
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17 . SHS Shivsena
18 . SP
Samajwadi Party
REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES
19 . ABAPSMP AKHIL BHARTIYA ATYANT PICHARA SANGHARSH MORCHA PARTY
20 . ABAS Akhil Bharatiya Ashok Sena
21 . ABDBM Akhil Bharatiya Desh Bhakt Morcha
22 . ABHKP Akhil Bharatiya Hind Kranti Party
23 . ABHM Akhil Bharat Hindu Mahasabha
24 . ABJS Akhil Bharatiya Jan Sangh
25 . ABSP Akhand Bharat Samaj Party
26 . AD Apna Dal
27 . AIBJRBSNC All India Babu Jagjivan Ram Saheb National Congress
28 . AIFB(S) All India Forward Bloc (Subhasist)
29 . AJSP Alpjan Samaj Party
30 . AKBMP Akhil Bharitya Mithila Party
31 . ANC Ambedkar National Congress
32 . AP Awami Party
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ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010 LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES
PARTY TYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY
REGISTERED(Unrecognised) PARTIES 33 . BED Bharatiya Ekta Dal
34 . BEP(R)
Bahujan Ekta Party ( R )
35 . BHAJP Bharatiya Jagaran Party
36 . BIP Bharatiya Inqalab Party
37 . BJJD Bharatiya Jantantrik Janta Dal
38 . BJKD Bharatiya Jan Kranti Dal (Democratic)
39 . BJKVP Bajjikanchal Vikas Party
40 . BMF Bharatiya Momin Front
41 . BMP Bharat Mangalam Parishad
42 . BSA Bahujan Shakty
43 . BSP(K) Bahujan Sangharsh Party (Kanshiram)
44 . BVM Bharat Vikas Morcha
45 . CPI(ML)(L) Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist) (Liberation)
46 . GGP
Gondvana Gantantra Party
47 . GVIP Garib Vikas Party
48 . HND Hindusthan Nirman Dal
49 . IJK
Indiya Jananayaka Katchi
50 . IJP Indian Justice Party
51 . INGP Indian National Green Party
52 . JDP Jharkhand Disom Party
53 . JHD Janhit Dal
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54 . JKM Jawan Kisan Morcha
55 . JMBP Jai Maha Bharath Party
56 . JPS Janvadi Party(Socialist)
57 . KSVP Krantikari Samyavadi Party
58 . LD Lok Dal
59 . LKSE Loksena
60 . LM Lal Morcha
61 . LPSP Lokpriya Samaj Party
62 . LS Lok Shakti
63 . LSSP Loktantrik Sarvjan Samaj Party
64 . LTSD Loktantrik Samata Dal
65 . MCPI(S) Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)
66 . PBI Proutist Bolc, India
67 . PMSP Pragatisheel Manav Samaj Party
68 . PSS Proutist Sarva Samaj
69 . RASED Rashtra Sewa Dal
70 . RJJM Rashtriya Jan-Jagram Morcha
71 . RKJP Rashtriya Krantikari Janata Party
72 . RPI(A) Republican Party of India (A)
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ASSEMBLY ELECTIONS - INDIA (Bihar ), 2010 LIST OF PARTICIPATING POLITICAL PARTIES
PARTY TYPE ABBREVIATION PARTY
REGISTERED (Unrecognised) PARTIES
73 . RPP Rashtriya Pragati Party
74 . RSMD Rashtriya Samanta Dal
75 . RSP(S) Rashtriya Samajwadi Party (Secular)
76 . RSWD Rashtra Sewa Dal
77 . RVNP Rashtravadi Janata Party
78 . RWS Rashtrawadi Sena
79 . SAP Samata Party
80 . SBSP Suheldev Bhartiya Samaj Party
81 . SHD Sarvhara Dal
82 . SHSP Shoshit Samaj Party
83 . SJP(R) Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya)
84 . SLP(L) Socialist Party (Lohia)
85 . SMBHP Smast Bhartiya Party
86 . SOJP SOCIALIST JANTA
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PARTY
87 . SSD Shoshit Samaj Dal
88 . SUCI SOCIALIST UNITY CENTRE OF INDIA (COMMUNIST)
89 . SWJP Samajwadi Jan Parishad
90 . VIP VANCHITSAMAJ INSAAF PARTY
INDEPENDENTS 91 . IND Independent
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Chapter 9
Representation of Political Parties in Current (15th) State Assembly as on the date of Constitution and strength of each party as on 30.6.2015
Sl. No. Party Name Contestants / Seats contested
Strength at the time of Constitution / Seats won
Strength as on 30.6.2015
1) Janata Dal (United) 141 115 111
2) Bharatiya Janata Party 102 91 85
3) Rashtriya Janata Dal 168 22 24
4) Lok Janshakti Party 75 3
5) Indian National Congress 243 4 05
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6) Communist Party of India 56 1 01
7) Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 41 1 -
8) Independent 1342 6 05
9) Vacant 12
Total 243
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Chapter 10
Winners & Runners-Up in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
A. C. NO.
Assembly Constituency
Name
Category Winner Candidates Name
Gender Party VOTE Runner-up Candidates Name
Gender Party vote
1 Valmiki Nagar GEN Rajesh Singh M JD(U) 42289 Mukesh Kumar Kushwaha
M RJD 27618
2 Ramnagar (SC) Bhagirathi Devi F BJP 51993 Naresh Ram M INC 22211
3 Narkatiaganj GEN Satish Chandra Dubey M BJP 45022 Alok Prasad Verma M INC 24794
4 Bagaha GEN PrabhatRanjan Singh M JD(U) 67510 Ram Prasad Yadav M RJD 18455
5 Lauriya GEN Vinay Bihari M IND 38381 Pradeep Singh M JD(U) 27500
6 Nautan GEN Manorma Prasad F JD(U) 40894 Narayan Prasad M LJP 18130
7 Chanpatia GEN Chandra Mohan Rai M BJP 44835 Ejaj Hussain M BSP 21423
8 Bettiah GEN Renu Devi F BJP 42010 Anil Kumar Jha M IND 13221
9 Sikta GEN Dilip Varma M IND 49229 KhurshidUrfFirojAhamad M JD(U) 40450
10 Raxaul GEN Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh M BJP 48686 Raj NandanRai M LJP 38569
11 Sugauli GEN RamchandraSahani M BJP 39021 Vijay Prasad Gupta M RJD 26642
12 Narkatia GEN Shyam Bihari Prasad M JD(U) 31549 Yasmin Sabir Ali M LJP 23861
13 Harsidhi (SC) KrishanaNandanPaswan M BJP 48130 Surendra Kumar Chandra Alias Satish Paswan
M RJD 30066
14 Govindganj GEN MeenaDwivedi F JD(U) 33859 Raju Tiwari M LJP 25454
15 Kesariya GEN Sachindra Pd. Singh M BJP 34649 Ram Saran Pd. Yadav M CPI 22966
16 Kalyanpur GEN RaziaKhatoon F JD(U) 41163 Manoj Kumar Yadav M RJD 25761
17 Pipra (SC) Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha
M JD(U) 40099 Subhodh Yadav M RJD 28212
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18 Madhuban GEN ShivjeeRai M JD(U) 40478 RanaRandhir M RJD 30356
19 Motihari GEN Pramod Kumar M BJP 51888 Rajesh Gupta Alias Bablu Gupta
M RJD 27358
20 Chiraia GEN Avaneesh Kumar Singh M BJP 39459 Laxmi Narayan Pr. Yadav
M RJD 24631
21 Dhaka GEN Pawan Kumar Jaiswal M IND 48100 Faisal Rahman M JD(U) 46451
22 Sheohar GEN Sharfuddin M JD(U) 40447 Pratima Devi F BSP 38816
23 Riga GEN Motilal Prasad M BJP 48633 Amit Kumar M INC 26306
24 Bathnaha (SC) Dinkar Ram M BJP 49181 Lalita Devi F LJP 35889
25 Parihar GEN Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav. M BJP 32987 Dr.RamchandraPurve M RJD 28769
26 Sursand GEN Shahidali Khan M JD(U) 38542 Jainandan Prasad Yadav
M RJD 37356
27 Bajpatti GEN RanjuGeeta F JD(U) 44726 Md. AnwarulHaque M RJD 41306
28 Sitamarhi GEN Sunil KumaraliasPintu M BJP 51664 Raghwendra Kumar Singh
M LJP 46443
29 Runisaidpur GEN Guddi Devi F JD(U) 36125 Ram ShatrughanRai M RJD 25366
30 Belsand GEN Sunita Singh F JD(U) 38139 Sanjay Kumar Gupta M RJD 18559
31 Harlakhi GEN Shaligramyadav M JD(U) 30281 Ram Naresh Pandey M CPI 23622
32 Benipatti GEN Vinod NarainJha M BJP 31198 Mahesh Chandra Singh M LJP 18556
33 Khajauli GEN Arun Shankar Prasad M BJP 44959 Sitaram Yadav M RJD 34246
34 Babubarhi GEN Uma Kantyadav M RJD 51772 KapildebKamat M JD(U) 46859
35 Bisfi GEN Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad M RJD 47169 HariBhushan Thakur M JD(U) 37668
36 Madhubani GEN Ram DeoMahto M BJP 44817 NaiyarAzam M RJD 44229
37 Rajnagar (SC) Ram Lakhan Ram Raman
M RJD 40584 RampritPaswan M BJP 38125
38 Jhanjharpur GEN Nitish Mishra M JD(U) 57652 Jagat Narayan Singh M RJD 36971
39 Phulparas GEN Guljar Devi F JD(U) 36113 Virendra Kumar Chaudhary
M RJD 23769
40 Laukaha GEN Hari Prasad Sah M JD(U) 47849 Chitaranjan Prasad Yadav
M RJD 30283
41 Nirmali GEN AniruddhaPrasadyadav M JD(U) 70150 Vijay Kumar Gupta M INC 24140
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42 Pipra GEN Sujata Devi F JD(U) 44883 Dinbandhu Yadav M LJP 30197
43 Supaul GEN BijendraPrasadyadav M JD(U) 55179 Ravindra Kumar Raman M RJD 39779
44 Tribeniganj (SC) Amla Devi F JD(U) 63729 Anant Kumar Bharti M LJP 44706
45 Chhatapur GEN Neeraj Kumar Singh M JD(U) 66895 Akeel Ahmad M RJD 43165
46 Narpatganj GEN Devanti Yadav F BJP 61106 Anil Kumar Yadav M RJD 54169
47 Raniganj (SC) ParmanandRishideo M BJP 65111 Shanti Devi F RJD 41458
48 Forbesganj GEN PadamParag Roy (Venu)
M BJP 70463 Maya Nand Thakur M LJP 43636
49 Araria GEN Zakir Hussain Khan M LJP 49532 Narayan Kumar Jha M BJP 31471
50 Jokihat GEN Sarfrazalam M JD(U) 44027 Koshar Zia M IND 18697
51 Sikti GEN AnandiPrasadyadav M BJP 42076 Vijay Kumar Mandal M LJP 32202
52 Bahadurganj GEN MohammadtousifAlam M INC 30551 Mohammad MaswarAlam
M JD(U) 26752
53 Thakurganj GEN Naushadalam M LJP 36372 Gopal Kumar Agarwal M JD(U) 29409
54 Kishanganj GEN Dr Mohammad Jawaid M INC 38867 Sweety Singh F BJP 38603
55 Kochadhaman GEN AkhatarulIman M RJD 37376 MujahidAlam M JD(U) 28351
56 Amour GEN Saba Zafar M BJP 57774 Abdul JalilMastan M INC 38946
57 Baisi GEN Santosh Kumar M BJP 39939 NasarAhamad M INC 30689
58 Kasba GEN Md.AfaqueAlam M INC 63025 Pradip Kumar Das M BJP 58570
59 Banmankhi (SC) Krishna Kumar Rishi M BJP 67950 Dharmlal Rishi M RJD 23060
60 Rupauli GEN Bima Bharti F JD(U) 64887 Shankar Singh M LJP 27171
61 Dhamdaha GEN Leshi Singh F JD(U) 64323 Irshad Ahmad Khan M INC 19626
62 Purnia GEN Raj Kishore Keshari M BJP 54605 Ram Charitra Yadav M INC 39006
By Polls in 2011
Purnia GEN Kiran Devi F BJP 53732 R C Yadav M INC 30067
63 Katihar GEN Tar Kishore Prasad M BJP 58718 Dr. Ram Prakash Mahto M RJD 38111
64 Kadwa GEN Bhola Ray M BJP 38225 Himraj Singh M NCP 19858
65 Balrampur GEN Dulal Chandra Goshwami
M IND 48136 MahboobAlam M CPI(ML)(L) 45432
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66 Pranpur GEN Binod Kumar Singh M BJP 43660 IsratParween F NCP 42944
67 Manihari (ST) Manohar Prasad Singh M JD(U) 44938 Gita Kisku F NCP 40773
68 Barari GEN Bibhasha Chandra Choudhary
M BJP 58104 Mohammed Shakoor M NCP 30936
69 Korha (SC) Mahesh Paswan M BJP 71020 Sunita Devi F INC 18576
70 Alamnagar GEN NarendraN.Yadav M JD(U) 64967 Lovely Anand F INC 22622
71 Bihariganj GEN RenuKumari F JD(U) 79062 Prabhash Kumar M RJD 29065
72 Singheshwar (SC) Ramesh Rishidev M JD(U) 72282 Amit Kumar Bharti M RJD 57086
73 Madhepura GEN Chandrashekhar M RJD 72481 Dr.Ramendra Kumar Yadav Ravi
M JD(U) 60537
74 Sonbarsa (SC) RatneshSada M JD(U) 56633 Sarita Devi F LJP 25188
75 Saharsa GEN AlokRanjan M BJP 55687 Arun Kumar M RJD 47708
76 SimriBakhtiarpur GEN Drarun Kumar M JD(U) 57980 Choudhry Mehboob Ali Kaisar
M INC 39138
77 Mahishi GEN DrabdulGafoor M RJD 39158 Raj Kumar Sah M JD(U) 37441
78 Kusheshwarasthan (SC) ShashiBhushanHajari M BJP 28576 RamchandraPaswan M LJP 23064
79 Gora Bauram GEN Dr.Izhar Ahmad M JD(U) 33258 Dr.Mahavir Prasad M RJD 22656
80 Benipur GEN Gopal Jee Thakur M BJP 43222 Hare Krishna Yadav M RJD 29265
81 Alinagar GEN Abdul Bari Siddiqui M RJD 37923 PrabhakarChoudhary M JD(U) 32934
82 Darbhanga Rural GEN LalitKumaryadav M RJD 29776 Ashraf Hussain M JD(U) 26100
83 Darbhanga GEN Sanjay Saraogi M BJP 64136 Sultan Ahmad M RJD 36582
84 Hayaghat GEN Amar NathGami M BJP 32023 Dr.Shahnawaz Ahmad Kaifee
M LJP 25998
85 Bahadurpur GEN Madan Sahni M JD(U) 27320 Harinandan Yadav M RJD 26677
86 Keoti GEN Ashok Kumaryadav M BJP 45791 FarazFatmi M RJD 45762
87 Jale GEN Vijay Kumar Mishra M BJP 42590 Ramniwas Pd. M RJD 25648
88 Gaighat GEN Veena Devi F BJP 56386 Maheshwar Prasad Yadav
M RJD 40399
89 Aurai GEN Ram SuratRai M BJP 38422 Surendra Kumar M RJD 26681
90 Minapur GEN Dinesh Prasad M JD(U) 42286 Rajeev Kumar UrphMunna Yadav
M RJD 36884
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91 Bochaha (SC) Ramai Ram M JD(U) 61885 MusafirPaswan M RJD 37758
92 Sakra (SC) Suresh Chanchal M JD(U) 55486 LalBabu Ram M RJD 42441
93 Kurhani GEN Manoj Kumar Singh M JD(U) 36757 Bijendra Chaudhary M LJP 35187
94 Muzaffarpur GEN Suresh Kumar Sharma M BJP 72301 Mohhammad Jamal M LJP 25862
95 Kanti GEN Ajit Kumar M JD(U) 39648 Md. Israil M RJD 31233
96 Baruraj GEN BrijKishor Singh M RJD 42783 Nand Kumar Rai M JD(U) 28466
97 Paroo GEN Ashok Kumar Singh M BJP 53609 Mithilesh Prasad Yadav M RJD 34582
98 Sahebganj GEN Raju Kumar Singh M JD(U) 46606 Ram Vichar Ray M RJD 41690
99 Baikunthpur GEN Manjeet Kumar Singh M JD(U) 70105 Devdatt Prasad M RJD 33581
100 Barauli GEN Ram PraveshRai M BJP 45234 M.Nematullah M RJD 34820
101 Gopalganj GEN Subas Singh M BJP 58010 ReyazulHaque M RJD 42117
102 Kuchaikote GEN Amrendra Kumar Pandey
M JD(U) 51815 Aditya Narain Pandey M RJD 32297
103 Bhore (SC) IdradeoMajhi M BJP 61401 Bachchan Das M RJD 17831
104 Hathua GEN Ram Sewak Singh M JD(U) 50708 Rajesh Kumar Singh M RJD 27861
105 Siwan GEN Vyasdeo Prasad M BJP 51637 Awadhvihari Chaudhry M RJD 39096
106 Ziradei GEN Asha Devi F BJP 29442 AmarjeetKushwaha M CPI(ML)(L) 20522
107 Darauli (SC) RamayanManjhi M BJP 40993 Satyadeo Ram M CPI(ML)(L) 33987
108 Raghunathpur GEN VikramKunwar M BJP 33474 Amar Nath Yadav M CPI(ML)(L) 18362
109 Daraundha GEN Jagmato Devi F JD(U) 49115 Binod Kumar Singh M RJD 17980
110 Barharia GEN ShyamBahadur Singh M JD(U) 53707 MahamadMobin M RJD 28586
111 Goriyakothi GEN Bhumendra Narayan Singh
M BJP 42533 Indradeo Prasad M RJD 28512
112 Maharajganj GEN Damodar Singh M JD(U) 40232 Manik Chand Rai M RJD 20232
113 Ekma GEN Manoranjan Singh M JD(U) 55474 Kameshwar Kr. Singh M RJD 26273
114 Manjhi GEN Gautam Singh M JD(U) 28687 Hem Narayan Singh M RJD 20783
115 Baniapur GEN KedarNath Singh M RJD 45259 Virendra Kumar Ojha M JD(U) 41684
116 Taraiya GEN Janak Singh M BJP 26600 Tarkeshwar Singh M INC 19630
117 Marhaura GEN Jitendra Kumar Rai M RJD 26374 LalBabu Ray M JD(U) 20750
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118 Chapra GEN Janardan Singh Sigriwal M BJP 61045 PramendraRanjan Singh
M RJD 25174
119 Garkha (SC) Gyan Chand Manjhi M BJP 41033 Muneshwar Chaudhary M RJD 39246
120 Amnour GEN Krishana Kumar M JD(U) 29508 Sunil Kumar M IND 18991
121 Parsa GEN ChhotelalRai M JD(U) 44828 ChandrikaRai M RJD 40139
122 Sonepur GEN Vinay Kumar Singh M BJP 64676 Rabri Devi F RJD 43991
123 Hajipur GEN Nityanand Roy M BJP 55315 RajendraRai M LJP 38706
124 Lalganj GEN Annu Shukla F JD(U) 58210 Raj Kumar Sah M IND 34065
125 Vaishali GEN Brishin Patel M JD(U) 60950 VeenaShahi F RJD 48122
126 Mahua GEN Ravindra Ray M JD(U) 46309 Jageshwar Ray M RJD 24384
127 Raja Pakar (SC) Sanjay Kumar M JD(U) 43212 GaurishankarPaswan M LJP 32997
128 Raghopur GEN Satish Kumar M JD(U) 64222 Rabri Devi F RJD 51216
129 Manhar GEN Dr.Achyuatanand M BJP 29754 Rama Kishor Singh M LJP 27265
130 Patepur (SC) MahendraBaitha M BJP 53762 Prema Chaudhary F RJD 37095
131 Kalyanpur (SC) RamsewakHazari M JD(U) 62124 BishwnathPaswan M LJP 31927
By Polls in 2013
Kalyanpur (SC) ManjuKumari F JD(U) 59325 Rekha Devi F LJP 42893
132 Warisnagar GEN Ashok Kumar M JD(U) 46245 Gajendra Prasad Singh M RJD 26745
133 Samastipur GEN Akhtarul Islam Sahin M RJD 42852 Ramnath Thakur M JD(U) 41025
134 Ujiarpur GEN Durga Prasad Singh M RJD 42791 Ram LakhanMahto M JD(U) 29760
135 Morwa GEN BaidhnathSahani M JD(U) 40271 Ashok Singh M RJD 33421
136 Sarairanjan GEN Vijay Kumar Chaudhary M JD(U) 53946 RamashrayaSahni M RJD 36389
137 Mohiuddinnagar GEN RanaGangeshwar Singh M BJP 51756 Ajay Kumar Bulganin M RJD 37405
138 Bibhutpur GEN Ram Balak Singh M JD(U) 46469 RamdeoVerma M CPM 34168
139 Rosera (SC) ManjuHajari F BJP 57930 PitamberPaswan M RJD 45811
140 Hasanpur GEN Raj Kumar Ray M JD(U) 36767 Sunil Kumar Puspam M RJD 33476
141 CheriaBariarpur GEN KumariManjuVerma F JD(U) 32807 Anil Kumar Chaudhary M LJP 31746
142 Bachwara GEN Abdhesh Kumar Rai M CPI 33770 ArvINDKumar Singh M IND 21683
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143 Teghra GEN Lalan Ku. M BJP 38694 Ram Ratan Singh M CPI 32848
144 Matihani GEN Narendra Kumar Singh UrfBogo Singh
M JD(U) 60530 Abhay Kumar Sarjan M INC 36702
145 Sahebpur Kamal GEN Parveenamanullah F JD(U) 46391 Shreenarayan Yadav M RJD 35280
146 Begusarai GEN Surendra Mehta M BJP 50602 Upendra Prasad Singh M LJP 30984
147 Bakhri (SC) Ramanand Ram M BJP 43871 Ram BinodPaswan M LJP 25459
148 Alauli (SC) Ram Chandra Sada M JD(U) 53775 Pashupati Kumar Paras M LJP 36252
149 Khagaria GEN Poonam Devi Yadav F JD(U) 48841 Sushila Devi F LJP 21988
150 Beldaur GEN Pannalal Singh (Patel) M JD(U) 45990 Sunita Sharma F LJP 30252
151 Parbatta GEN SamratChoudhary Alias Rakesh Kumar
M RJD 60428 Ramanand Prasad Singh
M JD(U) 59620
152 Bihpur GEN Shailendra Kumar M BJP 48027 Shailesh Kumar @ Bulo Mandal
M RJD 47562
153 Gopalpur GEN Narendra Kumar Niraj M JD(U) 53876 Amit Rana M RJD 28816
154 Pirpainti (SC) Aman Kumar M BJP 48493 Ram VilashPaswan M RJD 42741
155 Kahalgaon GEN Sadanand Singh M INC 44936 KahkashanPerween F JD(U) 36001
156 Bhagalpur GEN Ashwini Kumar Choubey M BJP 49164 Ajeet Sharma M INC 38104
157 Sultanganj GEN SubodhRai M JD(U) 34652 Ramavatar Mandal M RJD 29807
158 Nathnagar GEN Ajai Kumar Mandal M JD(U) 42094 Abu Kaishar M RJD 37367
159 Amarpur GEN JanardanManjhi M JD(U) 47300 Surendra Prasad Singh M RJD 29293
160 Dhuraiya (SC) Manish Kumar M JD(U) 40261 Naresh Das M RJD 31919
161 Banka GEN JavedIqbalansari M RJD 29047 Ram Narayan Mandal M BJP 26637
162 Katoria (ST) SonelalHembram M BJP 32332 SuklalBesara M RJD 23569
163 Belhar GEN Giridhariyadav M JD(U) 33776 Ramdeo Yadav M RJD 26160
164 Tarapur GEN Neeta Choudhary F JD(U) 44582 ShakuniChoudhary M RJD 30704
165 Munger GEN Anant Kumar Satyarthy M JD(U) 55086 ShabnamPerwin F RJD 37473
166 Jamalpur GEN Shailesh Kumar M JD(U) 48337 Sadhana Devi F LJP 27195
167 Surajgarha GEN PremRanjan Patel M BJP 49511 Prahlad Yadav M RJD 46583
168 Lakhisarai GEN Vijay Kumar Sinha M BJP 78457 Fulaina Singh M RJD 18837
169 Sheikhpura GEN Randhir Kumar Soni M JD(U) 31507 Sunila Devi F INC 24165
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170 Barbigha GEN GajanandShahi M JD(U) 24136 Ashok Choudhary M INC 21089
171 Asthawan GEN Jitendra Kumar M JD(U) 54176 Kapildev Prasad Singh M LJP 34606
172 Biharsharif GEN Dr. Sunil Kumar M JD(U) 77880 Aafrin Sultana F RJD 54168
173 Rajgir (SC) SatyadeoNarainarya M BJP 50648 Dhananjay Kumar M LJP 23697
174 Islampur GEN RajibRanjan M JD(U) 56332 VirendraGop M RJD 32524
175 Hilsa GEN Usha Sinha F JD(U) 54974 Rina Devi F LJP 41772
176 Nalanda GEN Shrawon Kumar M JD(U) 58067 Arun Kumar M RJD 37030
177 Harnaut GEN Harinarayan Singh M JD(U) 56827 Arun Kumar M RJD 37030
178 Mokama GEN Anant Kumar Singh M JD(U) 51564 Sonam Devi F LJP 42610
179 Barh GEN Gyanendra Kumar Singh M JD(U) 53129 Vijay Krishna M RJD 33734
180 Bakhtiarpur GEN Aniruddh Kumar M RJD 52782 Vinode Yadav M BJP 38037
181 Digha GEN Punam Devi F JD(U) 81247 SatyaNand Sharma M LJP 20785
182 Bankipur GEN Nitin Nabin M BJP 78771 Binod Kumar Srivastava M RJD 17931
183 Kumhrarh GEN Arun Kumar Sinha M BJP 83425 Md. Kamal Parwez M LJP 15617
184 Patna Sahib GEN NandKishoreyadav M BJP 91419 Parvej Ahmad M INC 26082
185 Fatwa GEN Dr.Ramanand Yadav M RJD 50218 Ajay Kumar Singh M JD(U) 40562
186 Danapur GEN Asha Devi F BJP 59425 RitLal Ray M IND 41506
187 Maner GEN Bhai Virendra M RJD 57818 SrikantNirala M JD(U) 48217
188 Phulwari (SC) ShyamRajak M JD(U) 67390 Uday Kumar M RJD 46210
189 Masaurhi (SC) ArunManjhi M JD(U) 56977 Anil Kumar M LJP 51945
190 Paliganj GEN Dr.UshaVidyarthi F BJP 43692 Jai Vardhan Yadav M RJD 33450
191 Bikram GEN Anil Kumar M BJP 38965 Siddharth M LJP 36613
192 Sandesh GEN Sanjay Singh (Tiger) M BJP 29988 Arun Kumar M IND 23166
193 Barhara GEN RaghwendraPratap Singh
M RJD 46102 Asha Devi F JD(U) 45019
194 Arrah GEN AmrendraPratap Singh M BJP 56504 Shree Kumar Singh M LJP 37564
195 Agiaon (SC) Shivesh Kumar M BJP 29257 Suresh Paswan M RJD 24008
196 Tarari GEN Narendra Kumar Pandeyalias Sunil Pandey
M JD(U) 48413 Adib Rizvi M RJD 34093
Press Information Bureau 101
197 Jagdishpur GEN Dinesh Kumar Singh M RJD 55560 Sribhagwan Singh Kushwaha
M JD(U) 45374
198 Shahpur GEN Munni Devi F BJP 44795 Dharmpal Singh M RJD 36584
199 Barhampur GEN Dilmarni Devi F BJP 46196 Ajit Chaudhary M RJD 25854
200 Buxar GEN Prof.SukhadaPande F BJP 48062 ShyamLal Singh Kushwaha
M RJD 27879
201 Dumraon GEN Dr.Daud Ali M JD(U) 42538 Sunil Kumar M RJD 22692
202 Rajpur (SC) Santosh Kumar Nirala M JD(U) 54802 ChhediLal Ram M LJP 39563
203 Ramgarh GEN Ambika Singh M RJD 30787 Ashok Kumar Singh M IND 27809
204 Mohania (SC) ChhediPaswan M JD(U) 38918 Niranjan Ram M RJD 36393
205 Bhabua GEN Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh M LJP 31246 AnandBhushan Pandey M BJP 30799
206 Chainpur GEN BrijKishorVind M BJP 46510 Dr. Ajay Alok M BSP 32930
207 Chenari (SC) Shyam Bihari Ram M JD(U) 44586 LalanPasawan M RJD 41685
208 Sasaram GEN Jawahar Prasad M BJP 50856 Dr. Ashok Kumar M RJD 45445
209 Kargahar GEN Ram Dhani Singh M JD(U) 54190 Shiv Shankar Singh M LJP 40993
210 Dinara GEN Jay Kumar Singh M JD(U) 47176 SitaSundari Devi F RJD 30566
211 Nokha GEN Rameshwar Prasad M BJP 39020 Kanti Singh F RJD 27297
212 Dehri GEN JyotiRashmi F ND 43634 Mohammad Iliyas Husain
M RJD 33819
213 Karakat GEN Rajeshwar Raj M JD(U) 49751 MunnaRai M RJD 38336
214 Arwal GEN Chitranjan Kumar M BJP 23984 Mahanand Prasad M CPI(ML)(L) 19782
215 Kurtha GEN Satyadev Singh M JD(U) 37633 Shiv Bachan Yadav M RJD 28140
216 Jahanabad GEN Abhiram Sharma M JD(U) 35508 SachchitaNand Yadav M RJD 26941
217 Ghosi GEN Rahul Kumar M JD(U) 40364 Jagdish Prasad M LJP 26088
218 Makhdumpur (SC) Jitan Ram Manjhi M JD(U) 38463 DharmrajPaswan M RJD 33378
219 Goh GEN Dr.Ranvijay Kumar M JD(U) 47378 Ram Ayodhya Prasad Yadav
M RJD 46684
220 Obra GEN Somprakash Singh M ND 36816 Pramod Singh Chadravanshi
M JD(U) 36014
221 Nabinagar GEN Virendra Kumar Singh M JD(U) 36860 Vijay Kumar Singh M LJP 25026
Press Information Bureau 102
222 Kutumba (SC) Lalan Ram M JD(U) 42559 Suresh Paswan M RJD 28649
223 Aurangabad GEN Ramadhar Singh M BJP 41176 Sunil Kumar Singh M RJD 34934
224 Rafiganj GEN Ashok Kumar Singh M JD(U) 58501 Mohammad Nehaluddin M RJD 34816
225 Gurua GEN Surendra Prasad Sinha M BJP 46767 Bindeshwari Prasad Yadav
M RJD 35331
226 Sherghati GEN Vinod Prasad Yadav M JD(U) 25447 Sushama Devi F IND 18944
227 Imamganj (SC) UdayNarainChoudhary M JD(U) 44126 Raushan Kumar M RJD 42915
228 Barachatti (SC) Jyoti Devi F JD(U) 57550 Samta Devi F RJD 33804
229 Bodh Gaya (SC) ShyamDeoPaswan M BJP 54160 Kumar Sarvjeet M LJP 42947
230 Gaya Town GEN Prem Kumar M BJP 55618 Jalal Uddin Ansari M CPI 27201
231 Tikari GEN Dr. Anil Kumar M JD(U) 67706 Bagi Kumar Verma M RJD 49165
232 Belaganj GEN SurendraPrasadyadav M RJD 53079 Mohammad Amzad M JD(U) 48441
233 Atri GEN Krishna Nandan Yadav M JD(U) 55633 Kunti Devi F RJD 35023
234 Wazirganj GEN Virendra Singh M BJP 38893 Awadhesh Kumar Singh M INC 21127
235 Rajauli (SC) Kanhaiya Kumar M BJP 51020 Prakash Bir M RJD 36930
236 Hisua GEN Anil Singh M BJP 43110 Anil Mehta M LJP 39132
237 Nawada GEN Purnimayadav F JD(U) 46568 Rajballabh Prasad M RJD 40231
238 Gobindpur GEN Kaushalyadav M JD(U) 45589 Prof. K. B. Prasad M LJP 24702
239 Warsaliganj GEN Pradip Kumar M JD(U) 42381 Aruna Devi F INC 36953
240 Sikandra (SC) RameshwarPaswan M JD(U) 39829 Subhash Chandra Bosh M LJP 27468
241 Jamui GEN Ajay Pratap M JD(U) 60130 Vijay Prakash M RJD 35663
242 Jhajha GEN DamodarRawat M JD(U) 48080 Binod Prasad Yadav M RJD 37876
243 Chakai GEN Sumit Kumar Singh M JMM 21809 Bijay Kumar Singh M LJP 21621
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Chapter 11
List of winning Candidates with winning Margin less than 5000 votes in Bihar Assembly Election 2010 (Margin Less 5000 in Dark Red Color)
A. C. NO.
Assembly Constituency Name Winner Runner-up Margin of Votes Winner Candidates Name Winner Party Name VOTE Runner-up Party vote
1 Valmiki Nagar Rajesh Singh JD(U) 42289 RJD 27618 14671
2 Ramnagar Bhagirathi Devi BJP 51993 INC 22211 29782
3 Narkatiaganj Satish Chandra Dubey BJP 45022 INC 24794 20228
4 Bagaha PrabhatRanjan Singh JD(U) 67510 RJD 18455 49055
5 Lauriya Vinay Bihari IND 38381 JD(U) 27500 10881
6 Nautan Manorma Prasad JD(U) 40894 LJP 18130 22764
7 Chanpatia Chandra Mohan Rai BJP 44835 BSP 21423 23412
8 Bettiah Renu Devi BJP 42010 IND 13221 28789
9 Sikta Dilip Varma IND 49229 JD(U) 40450 8779
10 Raxaul Dr. Ajay Kumar Singh BJP 48686 LJP 38569 10117
11 Sugauli RamchandraSahani BJP 39021 RJD 26642 12379
12 Narkatia Shyam Bihari Prasad JD(U) 31549 LJP 23861 7688
13 Harsidhi KrishanaNandanPaswan BJP 48130 RJD 30066 18064
14 Govindganj MeenaDwivedi JD(U) 33859 LJP 25454 8405
15 Kesariya Sachindra Pd. Singh BJP 34649 CPI 22966 11683
16 Kalyanpur RaziaKhatoon JD(U) 41163 RJD 25761 15402
Press Information Bureau 104
17 Pipra Awadhesh Prasad Kushwaha
JD(U) 40099 RJD 28212 11887
18 Madhuban ShivjeeRai JD(U) 40478 RJD 30356 10122
19 Motihari Pramod Kumar BJP 51888 RJD 27358 24530
20 Chiraia Avaneesh Kumar Singh BJP 39459 RJD 24631 14828
21 Dhaka Pawan Kumar Jaiswal IND 48100 JD(U) 46451 1649
22 Sheohar Sharfuddin JD(U) 40447 BSP 38816 1631
23 Riga Motilal Prasad BJP 48633 INC 26306 22327
24 Bathnaha Dinkar Ram BJP 49181 LJP 35889 13292
25 Parihar Ram Naresh Pr. Yadav. BJP 32987 RJD 28769 4218
26 Sursand Shahidali Khan JD(U) 38542 RJD 37356 1186
27 Bajpatti RanjuGeeta JD(U) 44726 RJD 41306 3420
28 Sitamarhi Sunil KumaraliasPintu BJP 51664 LJP 46443 5221
29 Runisaidpur Guddi Devi JD(U) 36125 RJD 25366 10759
30 Belsand Sunita Singh JD(U) 38139 RJD 18559 19580
31 Harlakhi Shaligramyadav JD(U) 30281 CPI 23622 6659
32 Benipatti Vinod NarainJha BJP 31198 LJP 18556 12642
33 Khajauli Arun Shankar Prasad BJP 44959 RJD 34246 10713
34 Babubarhi Uma Kantyadav RJD 51772 JD(U) 46859 4913
35 Bisfi Dr.Faiyaj Ahmad RJD 47169 JD(U) 37668 9501
36 Madhubani Ram DeoMahto BJP 44817 RJD 44229 588
37 Rajnagar Ram Lakhan Ram Raman RJD 40584 BJP 38125 2459
38 Jhanjharpur Nitish Mishra JD(U) 57652 RJD 36971 20681
39 Phulparas Guljar Devi JD(U) 36113 RJD 23769 12344
40 Laukaha Hari Prasad Sah JD(U) 47849 RJD 30283 17566
41 Nirmali AniruddhaPrasadyadav JD(U) 70150 INC 24140 46010
42 Pipra Sujata Devi JD(U) 44883 LJP 30197 14686
43 Supaul BijendraPrasadyadav JD(U) 55179 RJD 39779 15400
44 Tribeniganj Amla Devi JD(U) 63729 LJP 44706 19023
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45 Chhatapur Neeraj Kumar Singh JD(U) 66895 RJD 43165 23730
46 Narpatganj Devanti Yadav BJP 61106 RJD 54169 6937
47 Raniganj ParmanandRishideo BJP 65111 RJD 41458 23653
48 Forbesganj PadamParag Roy (Venu) BJP 70463 LJP 43636 26827
49 Araria Zakir Hussain Khan LJP 49532 BJP 31471 18061
50 Jokihat Sarfrazalam JD(U) 44027 IND 18697 25330
51 Sikti AnandiPrasadyadav BJP 42076 LJP 32202 9874
52 Bahadurganj MohammadtousifAlam INC 30551 JD(U) 26752 3799
53 Thakurganj Naushadalam LJP 36372 JD(U) 29409 6963
54 Kishanganj Dr Mohammad Jawaid INC 38867 BJP 38603 264
55 Kochadhaman AkhatarulIman RJD 37376 JD(U) 28351 9025
56 Amour Saba Zafar BJP 57774 INC 38946 18828
57 Baisi Santosh Kumar BJP 39939 INC 30689 9250
58 Kasba Md.AfaqueAlam INC 63025 BJP 58570 4455
59 Banmankhi Krishna Kumar Rishi BJP 67950 RJD 23060 44890
60 Rupauli Bima Bharti JD(U) 64887 LJP 27171 37716
61 Dhamdaha Leshi Singh JD(U) 64323 INC 19626 44697
62 Purnia Raj Kishore Keshari BJP 54605 INC 39006 15599
By Polls in 2011
Purnia Kiran Devi BJP 53732 INC 30067 23665
63 Katihar Tar Kishore Prasad BJP 58718 RJD 38111 20607
64 Kadwa Bhola Ray BJP 38225 NCP 19858 18367
65 Balrampur Dulal Chandra Goshwami IND 48136 CPI(ML)(L) 45432 2704
66 Pranpur Binod Kumar Singh BJP 43660 NCP 42944 716
67 Manihari Manohar Prasad Singh JD(U) 44938 NCP 40773 4165
68 Barari Bibhasha Chandra Choudhary
BJP 58104 NCP 30936 27168
69 Korha Mahesh Paswan BJP 71020 INC 18576 52444
70 Alamnagar NarendraN.Yadav JD(U) 64967 INC 22622 42345
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71 Bihariganj RenuKumari JD(U) 79062 RJD 29065 49997
72 Singheshwar Ramesh Rishidev JD(U) 72282 RJD 57086 15196
73 Madhepura Chandrashekhar RJD 72481 JD(U) 60537 11944
74 Sonbarsa RatneshSada JD(U) 56633 LJP 25188 31445
75 Saharsa AlokRanjan BJP 55687 RJD 47708 7979
76 Simri Bakhtiarpur Drarun Kumar JD(U) 57980 INC 39138 18842
77 Mahishi DrabdulGafoor RJD 39158 JD(U) 37441 1717
78 Kusheshwarasthan ShashiBhushanHajari BJP 28576 LJP 23064 5512
79 Gora Bauram Dr.Izhar Ahmad JD(U) 33258 RJD 22656 10602
80 Benipur Gopal Jee Thakur BJP 43222 RJD 29265 13957
81 Alinagar Abdul Bari Siddiqui RJD 37923 JD(U) 32934 4989
82 Darbhanga Rural LalitKumaryadav RJD 29776 JD(U) 26100 3676
83 Darbhanga Sanjay Saraogi BJP 64136 RJD 36582 27554
84 Hayaghat Amar NathGami BJP 32023 LJP 25998 6025
85 Bahadurpur Madan Sahni JD(U) 27320 RJD 26677 643
86 Keoti Ashok Kumaryadav BJP 45791 RJD 45762 29
87 Jale Vijay Kumar Mishra BJP 42590 RJD 25648 16942
88 Gaighat Veena Devi BJP 56386 RJD 40399 15987
89 Aurai Ram SuratRai BJP 38422 RJD 26681 11741
90 Minapur Dinesh Prasad JD(U) 42286 RJD 36884 5402
91 Bochaha Ramai Ram JD(U) 61885 RJD 37758 24127
92 Sakra Suresh Chanchal JD(U) 55486 RJD 42441 13045
93 Kurhani Manoj Kumar Singh JD(U) 36757 LJP 35187 1570
94 Muzaffarpur Suresh Kumar Sharma BJP 72301 LJP 25862 46439
95 Kanti Ajit Kumar JD(U) 39648 RJD 31233 8415
96 Baruraj BrijKishor Singh RJD 42783 JD(U) 28466 14317
97 Paroo Ashok Kumar Singh BJP 53609 RJD 34582 19027
98 Sahebganj Raju Kumar Singh JD(U) 46606 RJD 41690 4916
99 Baikunthpur Manjeet Kumar Singh JD(U) 70105 RJD 33581 36524
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100 Barauli Ram PraveshRai BJP 45234 RJD 34820 10414
101 Gopalganj Subas Singh BJP 58010 RJD 42117 15893
102 Kuchaikote Amrendra Kumar Pandey JD(U) 51815 RJD 32297 19518
103 Bhore IdradeoMajhi BJP 61401 RJD 17831 43570
104 Hathua Ram Sewak Singh JD(U) 50708 RJD 27861 22847
105 Siwan Vyasdeo Prasad BJP 51637 RJD 39096 12541
106 Ziradei Asha Devi BJP 29442 CPI(ML)(L) 20522 8920
107 Darauli RamayanManjhi BJP 40993 CPI(ML)(L) 33987 7006
108 Raghunathpur VikramKunwar BJP 33474 CPI(ML)(L) 18362 15112
109 Daraundha Jagmato Devi JD(U) 49115 RJD 17980 31135
110 Barharia ShyamBahadur Singh JD(U) 53707 RJD 28586 25121
111 Goriyakothi Bhumendra Narayan Singh BJP 42533 RJD 28512 14021
112 Maharajganj Damodar Singh JD(U) 40232 RJD 20232 20000
113 Ekma Manoranjan Singh JD(U) 55474 RJD 26273 29201
114 Manjhi Gautam Singh JD(U) 28687 RJD 20783 7904
115 Baniapur KedarNath Singh RJD 45259 JD(U) 41684 3575
116 Taraiya Janak Singh BJP 26600 INC 19630 6970
117 Marhaura Jitendra Kumar Rai RJD 26374 JD(U) 20750 5624
118 Chapra Janardan Singh Sigriwal BJP 61045 RJD 25174 35871
119 Garkha Gyan Chand Manjhi BJP 41033 RJD 39246 1787
120 Amnour Krishana Kumar JD(U) 29508 IND 18991 10517
121 Parsa ChhotelalRai JD(U) 44828 RJD 40139 4689
122 Sonepur Vinay Kumar Singh BJP 64676 RJD 43991 20685
123 Hajipur Nityanand Roy BJP 55315 LJP 38706 16609
124 Lalganj Annu Shukla JD(U) 58210 IND 34065 24145
125 Vaishali Brishin Patel JD(U) 60950 RJD 48122 12828
126 Mahua Ravindra Ray JD(U) 46309 RJD 24384 21925
127 Raja Pakar Sanjay Kumar JD(U) 43212 LJP 32997 10215
128 Raghopur Satish Kumar JD(U) 64222 RJD 51216 13006
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129 Manhar Dr.Achyuatanand BJP 29754 LJP 27265 2489
130 Patepur MahendraBaitha BJP 53762 RJD 37095 16667
131 Kalyanpur RamsewakHazari JD(U) 62124 LJP 31927 30197
By Polls in 2013
Kalyanpur ManjuKumari JD(U) 59325 LJP 42893 16432
132 Warisnagar Ashok Kumar JD(U) 46245 RJD 26745 19500
133 Samastipur Akhtarul Islam Sahin RJD 42852 JD(U) 41025 1827
134 Ujiarpur Durga Prasad Singh RJD 42791 JD(U) 29760 13031
135 Morwa BaidhnathSahani JD(U) 40271 RJD 33421 6850
136 Sarairanjan Vijay Kumar Chaudhary JD(U) 53946 RJD 36389 17557
137 Mohiuddinnagar RanaGangeshwar Singh BJP 51756 RJD 37405 14351
138 Bibhutpur Ram Balak Singh JD(U) 46469 CPM 34168 12301
139 Rosera ManjuHajari BJP 57930 RJD 45811 12119
140 Hasanpur Raj Kumar Ray JD(U) 36767 RJD 33476 3291
141 CheriaBariarpur KumariManjuVerma JD(U) 32807 LJP 31746 1061
142 Bachwara Abdhesh Kumar Rai CPI 33770 IND 21683 12087
143 Teghra Lalan Ku. BJP 38694 CPI 32848 5846
144 Matihani Narendra Kumar Singh UrfBogo Singh
JD(U) 60530 INC 36702 23828
145 Sahebpur Kamal Parveenamanullah JD(U) 46391 RJD 35280 11111
146 Begusarai Surendra Mehta BJP 50602 LJP 30984 19618
147 Bakhri Ramanand Ram BJP 43871 LJP 25459 18412
148 Alauli Ram Chandra Sada JD(U) 53775 LJP 36252 17523
149 Khagaria Poonam Devi Yadav JD(U) 48841 LJP 21988 26853
150 Beldaur Pannalal Singh (Patel) JD(U) 45990 LJP 30252 15738
151 Parbatta SamratChoudhary Alias Rakesh Kumar
RJD 60428 JD(U) 59620 808
152 Bihpur Shailendra Kumar BJP 48027 RJD 47562 465
153 Gopalpur Narendra Kumar Niraj JD(U) 53876 RJD 28816 25060
Press Information Bureau 109
154 Pirpainti Aman Kumar BJP 48493 RJD 42741 5752
155 Kahalgaon Sadanand Singh INC 44936 JD(U) 36001 8935
156 Bhagalpur Ashwini Kumar Choubey BJP 49164 INC 38104 11060
157 Sultanganj SubodhRai JD(U) 34652 RJD 29807 4845
158 Nathnagar Ajai Kumar Mandal JD(U) 42094 RJD 37367 4727
159 Amarpur JanardanManjhi JD(U) 47300 RJD 29293 18007
160 Dhuraiya Manish Kumar JD(U) 40261 RJD 31919 8342
161 Banka JavedIqbalansari RJD 29047 BJP 26637 2410
162 Katoria SonelalHembram BJP 32332 RJD 23569 8763
163 Belhar Giridhariyadav JD(U) 33776 RJD 26160 7616
164 Tarapur Neeta Choudhary JD(U) 44582 RJD 30704 13878
165 Munger Anant Kumar Satyarthy JD(U) 55086 RJD 37473 17613
166 Jamalpur Shailesh Kumar JD(U) 48337 LJP 27195 21142
167 Surajgarha PremRanjan Patel BJP 49511 RJD 46583 2928
168 Lakhisarai Vijay Kumar Sinha BJP 78457 RJD 18837 59620
169 Sheikhpura Randhir Kumar Soni JD(U) 31507 INC 24165 7342
170 Barbigha GajanandShahi JD(U) 24136 INC 21089 3047
171 Asthawan Jitendra Kumar JD(U) 54176 LJP 34606 19570
172 Biharsharif Dr. Sunil Kumar JD(U) 77880 RJD 54168 23713
173 Rajgir SatyadeoNarainarya BJP 50648 LJP 23697 26951
174 Islampur RajibRanjan JD(U) 56332 RJD 32524 23808
175 Hilsa Usha Sinha JD(U) 54974 LJP 41772 13202
176 Nalanda Shrawon Kumar JD(U) 58067 RJD 37030 21037
177 Harnaut Harinarayan Singh JD(U) 56827 RJD 37030 15042
178 Mokama Anant Kumar Singh JD(U) 51564 LJP 42610 8954
179 Barh Gyanendra Kumar Singh JD(U) 53129 RJD 33734 19395
180 Bakhtiarpur Aniruddh Kumar RJD 52782 BJP 38037 14745
181 Digha Punam Devi JD(U) 81247 LJP 20785 60462
182 Bankipur Nitin Nabin BJP 78771 RJD 17931 60840
Press Information Bureau 110
183 Kumhrarh Arun Kumar Sinha BJP 83425 LJP 15617 67808
184 Patna Sahib NandKishoreyadav BJP 91419 INC 26082 65337
185 Fatwa Dr.Ramanand Yadav RJD 50218 JD(U) 40562 9656
186 Danapur Asha Devi BJP 59425 IND 41506 17919
187 Maner Bhai Virendra RJD 57818 JD(U) 48217 9601
188 Phulwari ShyamRajak JD(U) 67390 RJD 46210 21180
189 Masaurhi ArunManjhi JD(U) 56977 LJP 51945 5032
190 Paliganj Dr.UshaVidyarthi BJP 43692 RJD 33450 10242
191 Bikram Anil Kumar BJP 38965 LJP 36613 2352
192 Sandesh Sanjay Singh (Tiger) BJP 29988 IND 23166 6822
193 Barhara RaghwendraPratap Singh RJD 46102 JD(U) 45019 1083
194 Arrah AmrendraPratap Singh BJP 56504 LJP 37564 18940
195 Agiaon Shivesh Kumar BJP 29257 RJD 24008 5249
196 Tarari Narendra Kumar Pandeyalias Sunil Pandey
JD(U) 48413 RJD 34093 14320
197 Jagdishpur Dinesh Kumar Singh RJD 55560 JD(U) 45374 10186
198 Shahpur Munni Devi BJP 44795 RJD 36584 8211
199 Barhampur Dilmarni Devi BJP 46196 RJD 25854 20342
200 Buxar Prof.SukhadaPande BJP 48062 RJD 27879 20183
201 Dumraon Dr.Daud Ali JD(U) 42538 RJD 22692 19846
202 Rajpur Santosh Kumar Nirala JD(U) 54802 LJP 39563 15239
203 Ramgarh Ambika Singh RJD 30787 IND 27809 2978
204 Mohania ChhediPaswan JD(U) 38918 RJD 36393 2525
205 Bhabua Dr.Pramod Kumar Singh LJP 31246 BJP 30799 447
206 Chainpur BrijKishorVind BJP 46510 BSP 32930 13580
207 Chenari Shyam Bihari Ram JD(U) 44586 RJD 41685 2901
208 Sasaram Jawahar Prasad BJP 50856 RJD 45445 5411
209 Kargahar Ram Dhani Singh JD(U) 54190 LJP 40993 13197
210 Dinara Jay Kumar Singh JD(U) 47176 RJD 30566 16610
Press Information Bureau 111
211 Nokha Rameshwar Prasad BJP 39020 RJD 27297 11723
212 Dehri JyotiRashmi ND 43634 RJD 33819 9815
213 Karakat Rajeshwar Raj JD(U) 49751 RJD 38336 11415
214 Arwal Chitranjan Kumar BJP 23984 CPI(ML)(L) 19782 4202
215 Kurtha Satyadev Singh JD(U) 37633 RJD 28140 9493
216 Jahanabad Abhiram Sharma JD(U) 35508 RJD 26941 8567
217 Ghosi Rahul Kumar JD(U) 40364 LJP 26088 14276
218 Makhdumpur Jitan Ram Manjhi JD(U) 38463 RJD 33378 5085
219 Goh Dr.Ranvijay Kumar JD(U) 47378 RJD 46684 694
220 Obra Somprakash Singh ND 36816 JD(U) 36014 802
221 Nabinagar Virendra Kumar Singh JD(U) 36860 LJP 25026 11834
222 Kutumba Lalan Ram JD(U) 42559 RJD 28649 13910
223 Aurangabad Ramadhar Singh BJP 41176 RJD 34934 6242
224 Rafiganj Ashok Kumar Singh JD(U) 58501 RJD 34816 23685
225 Gurua Surendra Prasad Sinha BJP 46767 RJD 35331 11436
226 Sherghati Vinod Prasad Yadav JD(U) 25447 IND 18944 6503
227 Imamganj UdayNarainChoudhary JD(U) 44126 RJD 42915 1211
228 Barachatti Jyoti Devi JD(U) 57550 RJD 33804 23746
229 Bodh Gaya ShyamDeoPaswan BJP 54160 LJP 42947 11213
230 Gaya Town Prem Kumar BJP 55618 CPI 27201 28417
231 Tikari Dr. Anil Kumar JD(U) 67706 RJD 49165 18541
232 Belaganj SurendraPrasadyadav RJD 53079 JD(U) 48441 4638
233 Atri Krishna Nandan Yadav JD(U) 55633 RJD 35023 20610
234 Wazirganj Virendra Singh BJP 38893 INC 21127 17766
235 Rajauli Kanhaiya Kumar BJP 51020 RJD 36930 14090
236 Hisua Anil Singh BJP 43110 LJP 39132 3978
237 Nawada Purnimayadav JD(U) 46568 RJD 40231 6337
238 Gobindpur Kaushalyadav JD(U) 45589 LJP 24702 20887
239 Warsaliganj Pradip Kumar JD(U) 42381 INC 36953 5428
Press Information Bureau 112
240 Sikandra RameshwarPaswan JD(U) 39829 LJP 27468 12361
241 Jamui Ajay Pratap JD(U) 60130 RJD 35663 24467
242 Jhajha DamodarRawat JD(U) 48080 RJD 37876 10204
243 Chakai Sumit Kumar Singh JMM 21809 LJP 21621 188
Press Information Bureau 113
Chapter 12
Seats won by Parties in SC Constituencies in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
Party No. of Seats won
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 18
Communist Party of India (CPI) --
Indian National Congress (INC) --
Janata Dal (United), JD(U) 19
Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP) --
RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD) 01
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) --
Independent (IND) --
Total 38
Press Information Bureau 114
Seats won by Parties in ST Constituencies
in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
Party No. of Seats won
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) 01
Communist Party of India (CPI) --
Indian National Congress (INC) --
Janata Dal (United), JD(U) 01
Lok Jan Shakti Party (LJP) --
RashtriyaLok Dal (RJD) --
Jharkhand MuktiMorcha (JMM) --
Independent (IND) --
Total 02
Details of SC & ST Assembly Seats Won by Political Parties in Election 2010
A.C. No. A.C. Name Name of Winner Gender Party Name
2 Ramnagar (SC) Bhagirathi Devi F BJP
Press Information Bureau 115
13 Harsidhi (SC) Krishana Nandan Paswan
M BJP
24 Bathnaha (SC) Dinkar Ram M BJP
37 Rajnagar (SC) Ram Lakhan Ram Raman
M RJD
44 Tribeniganj (SC) Amla Devi F JD(U)
47 Raniganj (SC) Parmanand Rishideo M BJP
59 Banmankhi (SC) Krishna Kumar Rishi M BJP
67 Manihari (ST) Manohar Prasad Singh M JD(U)
69 Korha (SC) Mahesh Paswan M BJP
72 Singheshwar (SC) Ramesh Rishidev M JD(U)
74 Sonbarsa (SC) Ratnesh Sada M JD(U)
78 Kuseshwarsthanh (SC) Shashi Bhushan Hajari M BJP
91 Bochaha (SC) Ramai Ram M JD(U)
92 Sakra (SC) Suresh Chanchal M JD(U)
103 Bhorey (SC) Idradeo Majhi M BJP
107 Darauli (SC) Ramayan Manjhi M BJP
119 Garkha (SC) Gyan Chand Manjhi M BJP
127 Raja Pakar (SC) Sanjay Kumar M JD(U)
130 Patepur (SC) Mahendra Baitha M BJP
131 Kalyanpur (SC) Ramsewak Hazari M JD(U)
139 Rosera (SC) Manju Hajari F BJP
147 Bakhri (SC) Ramanand Ram M BJP
148 Alauli (SC) Ram Chandra Sada M JD(U)
154 Pirpainti (SC) Aman Kumar M BJP
160 Dhuraiya (SC) Manish Kumar M JD(U)
Press Information Bureau 116
162 Katoria (ST) Sonelal Hembram M BJP
173 Rajgir (SC) SatAryadeo Narain M BJP
188 Phulwari (SC) Shyam Rajak M JD(U)
189 Masaurhi (SC) Arun Manjhi M JD(U)
195 Agiaon (SC) Shivesh Kumar M BJP
202 Rajpur (SC) Santosh Kumar Nirala M JD(U)
204 Mohania (SC) Chhedi Paswan M JD(U)
207 Chenari (SC) Shyam Bihari Ram M JD(U)
218 Makhdumpur (SC) Jitan Ram Manjhi M JD(U)
222 Kutumba (SC) Lalan Ram M JD(U)
227 Imamganj (SC) Uday Narain Choudhary M JD(U)
228 Barachatti (SC) Jyoti Devi F JD(U)
229 Bodh Gaya (SC) Shyam Deo Paswan M BJP
235 Rajauli (SC) Kanhaiya Kumar M BJP
240 Sikandra (SC) Rameshwar Paswan M JD(U)
Press Information Bureau 117
Chapter 13
Performance of Women Candidates in Bihar Assembly Election 2010
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total over total Valid
electors votes polled votes State/UT: Bihar
2 Ramnagar (SC)
6 Nautan 5 MANORMA
PRASAD JD(U) S 40894 20.41 36.48 W 112107
9 SHRI KANTI DEVI VIP U 840 0.42 0.75 FD 112107
2 BHAGIRATHI DEVI BJP N 51993 24.00 41.51 W 125257
10 SAHODARI DEVI BVM U 1038 0.48 0.83 FD 125257
15 MANSA BHARTI IND Z 1083 0.50 0.86 FD 125257
3 Narkatiaganj
6 ASIMA KHATOON SP U 1300 0.65 1.10 FD 118282
5 Lauriya
8 NARAYANI DEVI SJP(R) U 2014 1.06 1.75 FD 114776
Press Information Bureau 118
8 Bettiah
5 RENU DEVI BJP N 42010 21.86 39.57 W 106163
10 Raxaul
6 BHAGMATI DEVI SP U 1138 0.54 1.00 FD 113455
11 Sugauli
6 BEMISAL PRAVIN SJP(R) U 2236 1.09 1.97 FD 113367
12 Narkatia
2 YASMIN SABIR ALI LJP S 23861 11.67 20.04 L 119067
13 Harsidhi (SC)
10 KUSUM DEVI IND Z 3324 1.78 3.24 FD 102692
14 Govindganj
2 MEENA DWIVEDI JD(U) S 33859 17.91 34.76 W 97400
15 Kesaria
6 SUMITRA KUMARI YADAV
INC N 3212 1.73 3.40 FD 94480
16 Kalyanpur
4 RAZIA KHATOON JD(U) S 41163 23.21 42.49 W 96871
9 ARPANA DEVI IND Z 3102 1.75 3.20 FD 96871 20 Chiraia
7 SUSHEELA DEVI SJP(R) U 1374 0.64 1.23 FD 111933
11 MANJU DEVI IND Z 7006 3.25 6.26 FD 111933
21 Dhaka
3 ZAINAB AHMAD NABI
NCP N 534 0.23 0.42 FD 126635
22 Sheohar
Press Information Bureau 119
3 PRATIMA DEVI BSP N 38816 16.82 32.36 L 119938
23 Riga
3 NAGINA DEVI LJP S 18562 8.07 15.21 FD 122022
7 DROPATI DEVI IJP U 819 0.36 0.67 FD 122022 24 Bathnaha (SC) Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat
us Total
Sl No.
Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total over total Valid
electors votes polled
votes
3 LALITA DEVI LJP S 35889 15.26 32.12 L 111723
25 Parihar
6 BASIRAN KHATOON. SJP(R) U 2182 0.95 1.89 FD 115475
26 Sursand
1 ANITA RAUT CPI N 13173 5.68 11.31 FD 116475
10 SUSHAMA DEVI SARRAF IND Z 2746 1.18 2.36 FD 116475
27 Bajpatti
13 SUMITRA DEVI IND Z 2501 1.03 2.15 FD 116118
5 RANJU GEETA JD(U) S 44726 18.41 38.52 W 116118
28 Sitamarhi
2 KUMARI RUPAM INC N 3870 1.73 3.27 FD 118527
29 Runisaidpur
9 MANGEETA DEVI IND Z 14125 6.53 12.96 FD 108973
10 MANDAKANI KUMARI IND Z 1335 0.62 1.23 FD 108973
1 GUDDI DEVI JD(U) S 36125 16.71 33.15 W 108973
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4 MONI GUPTA INC N 10114 4.68 9.28 FD 108973
6 SUSHMA NARAYAN BSP N 6289 2.91 5.77 FD 108973
8 IRA DEVI IND Z 3553 1.64 3.26 FD 108973
30 Belsand
5 SUNITA SINGH JD(U) S 38139 19.22 38.80 W 98284
32 Benipatti
2 BHAWANA JHA. INC N 13334 5.70 13.65 FD 97668
35 Bisfi
15 SEEMA DEVI IND Z 3358 1.38 2.92 FD 115105
39 Phulparas
1 ANITA YADAV INC N 4677 1.79 3.69 FD 126774
2 GULJAR DEVI JD(U) S 36113 13.82 28.49 W 126774
4 VIKRAM SHILA DEVI CPM N 3358 1.28 2.65 FD 126774
40 Laukaha
8 INDRA KALA DEVI IND Z 1851 0.71 1.35 FD 137390
41 Nirmali
2 ARUNA MEHTA RJD S 23985 10.98 18.39 L 130457
8 PRATIMA DEVI IND Z 1125 0.51 0.86 FD 130457
42 Pipra
4 SUJATA DEVI JD(U) S 44883 21.23 35.84 W 125233
44 Tribeniganj (SC)
12 RENU KUMARI IND Z 1263 0.60 0.97 FD 130169
13 SUDHA KUMARI IND Z 3025 1.45 2.32 FD 130169
2 AMLA DEVI JD(U) S 63729 30.50 48.96 W 130169
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3 GITA DEVI BSP N 1473 0.71 1.13 FD 130169
6 KUMARI SHOBHA SP U 999 0.48 0.77 FD 130169
45 Chhatapur
16 REETA DEVI IND Z 2915 1.37 2.13 FD 136719
Press Information Bureau 122
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors
votes polled
votes
46 Narpatganj
3 DEVANTI YADAV BJP N 61106 25.68 40.99 W 149093
47 Raniganj (SC)
1 KAUSHALYA DEVI NCP N 3883 1.69 2.96 FD 131191
4 SHANTI DEVI RJD S 41458 18.05 31.60 L 131191
51 Sikti
5 SHAGUFTA INC N 20280 9.57 15.03 FD 134957
9 KALPANA DEVI IND Z 1221 0.58 0.90 FD 134957
52 Bahadurganj
8 KHOSHI DEVI IND Z 1417 0.68 1.26 FD 112446
53 Thakurganj
7 POONAM DEVI JMM U 10715 5.45 8.34 FD 128527
54 Kishanganj
6 SWEETY SINGH BJP N 38603 18.22 31.16 L 123875 55 Kochadhaman
15 SUNITA GUPTA IND Z 1831 1.03 1.78 FD 103036
56 Amour
6 TUKSI DEVI BJJD U 1188 0.54 0.95 FD 124697
58 Kasba
7 MANI SINHA SP U 657 0.33 0.49 FD 133900
60 Rupauli
4 BIMA BHARTI JD(U) S 64887 27.25 46.63 W 139155
61 Dhamdaha
5 LESHI SINGH JD(U) S 64323 27.19 44.02 W 146115
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64 Kadwa
14 MANOWRA BEGUM IND Z 1282 0.64 1.07 FD 119961
19 LALITA DEVI IND Z 377 0.19 0.31 FD 119961
65 Balrampur
15 SHAHIN SHIRIN AZAD IND Z 859 0.37 0.58 FD 147247
66 Pranpur
2 ISRAT PARWEEN NCP N 42944 19.74 31.07 L 138226
67 Manihari (ST)
11 PRIYA DEVI IND Z 781 0.37 0.62 FD 126139
2 GITA KISKU NCP N 40773 19.37 32.32 L 126139
6 GITA DEVI CPI(ML)(L)
U 902 0.43 0.72 FD 126139
7 JULIE HEMBRAM IJP U 669 0.32 0.53 FD 126139
8 PHOOLMANI HEMBRAM
BVM U 2233 1.06 1.77 FD 126139
68 Barari
5 SANYOGITA SINGH INC N 10822 5.22 7.91 FD 136794
69 Korha (SC)
1 MANJU DEVI NCP N 15956 7.88 12.42 FD 128442
5 SUNITA DEVI INC N 18576 9.18 14.46 FD 128442
Press Information Bureau 124
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors votes polled
votes
70 Alamnagar
4 LOVELY ANAND INC N 22622 8.59 14.68 FD 154110
12 BULBUL SINGH IND Z 2961 1.12 1.92 FD 154110
71 Bihariganj
4 RANJEET RANJAN INC N 27554 10.96 18.05 L 152620
5 RENU KUMARI JD(U) S 79062 31.44 51.80 W 152620
72 Singheshwar (SC)
5 INDO DEVI SAP U 3227 1.31 2.22 FD 145296
73 Madhepura
9 SWATI PRIYA SP U 3117 1.21 2.03 FD 153267
74 Sonbarsa (SC)
6 SARITA DEVI LJP S 25188 10.99 21.07 L 119548
12 INDU DEVI IND Z 1214 0.53 1.02 FD 119548
76 Simri bakhtiarpur
7 ASHA DEVI IND Z 1611 0.66 1.22 FD 131565
9 POONAM DEVI IND Z 1675 0.68 1.27 FD 131565
77 Mahishi
6 REKHA DEVI JD(S) U 946 0.42 0.81 FD 117290
78 Kusheshwar asthan (SC)
5 SANGEETA BHARTI CPM N 2185 1.10 2.42 FD 90475
81 Alinagar
9 MANAWATI DEVI IND Z 1524 0.71 1.50 FD 101888
82 Darbhanga Rural
Press Information Bureau 125
7 SHANICHRI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1604 0.72 1.58 FD 101745
84 Hayaghat
10 RANI DEVI IND Z 1805 0.98 1.99 FD 90930
88 Gaighat
1 ARTI DEVI INC N 6742 2.92 5.20 FD 129756
4 VEENA DEVI BJP N 56386 24.42 43.46 W 129756
89 Aurai
7 DURGA DEVI JPS U 1062 0.48 0.91 FD 116666
90 Minapur
13 MADHAVI CHANDRA IND Z 4898 2.41 3.95 FD 124134 91 Bochaha (SC)
10 REKHA KUMARI BJKD U 521 0.26 0.43 FD 122340
1 BABY KUMARI INC N 5289 2.64 4.32 FD 122340
92 Sakra (SC)
7 REKHA DEVI SP U 1131 0.58 0.98 FD 115583
94 Muzaffarpur
13 GARGI SINGH IND Z 403 0.17 0.33 FD 121797
95 Kanti
19 CHANDRAKANTA SHAHI
IND Z 1157 0.56 0.93 FD 124711
Press Information Bureau 126
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate
Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors votes polled
votes
96 Baruraj
7 KIRAN DEVI SHS U 4161 2.03 3.69 FD 112639
11 RINKU RANI BED U 1088 0.53 0.97 FD 112639
97 Paroo
12 KIRAN DEVI IND Z 1716 0.77 1.38 FD 124149
98 Sahebganj
1 AMRITA SINGH NCP N 1840 0.86 1.52 FD 121009
99 Baikunthpur
14 SANGEETA SINGH IND Z 3829 1.64 3.06 FD 125334
100 Barauli
13 RENU DEVI IND Z 2200 1.09 1.92 FD 114863
102 Kuchaikote
6 AFREEN KALAM HASMI
JD(S) U 1035 0.45 0.82 FD 126639
103 Bhorey (SC)
9 PUSPA DEVI IND Z 1898 0.76 1.58 FD 119790
10 BINITA BAITHA IND Z 1409 0.56 1.18 FD 119790
12 SHIV KALI DEVI IND Z 4000 1.60 3.34 FD 119790
105 Siwan
21 SHAKUNTALA DEVI
IND Z 273 0.12 0.23 FD 116821
23 SANGITA SINHA IND Z 778 0.34 0.67 FD 116821
106 Ziradei
7 ARTI DEVI SP U 784 0.39 0.73 FD 108043
Press Information Bureau 127
17 JONHA DEVI IND Z 1767 0.89 1.64 FD 108043
1 ASHA DEVI BJP N 29442 14.82 27.25 W 108043
107 Darauli (SC)
5 SUMITRA DEVI INC N 3356 1.44 2.87 FD 117027
6 MADHURI DEVI BMP U 3241 1.39 2.77 FD 117027
108 Raghunathpur
4 SAMRUN NISA NCP N 1484 0.71 1.43 FD 103493
12 MUNNI DEVI IND Z 1915 0.92 1.85 FD 103493
109 Daraundha
1 JAGMATO DEVI JD(U) S 49115 22.00 44.30 W 110869
110 Barharia
10 MALTI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1931 0.88 1.68 FD 115121
111 Goriyakothi
19 RENU YADAV IND Z 1447 0.61 1.16 FD 124872
112 Maharajganj
2 INDU DEVI NCP N 1128 0.52 1.02 FD 111075
7 RUBY ARUN JD(S) U 632 0.29 0.57 FD 111075
14 NIBHA SINGH IND Z 1882 0.87 1.69 FD 111075
114 Manjhi
21 RINKU DEVI IND Z 527 0.24 0.49 FD 106721 115 Baniapur
Press Information Bureau 128
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status Total
Sl No.
Name of candidate
Party Type Secured over total over total Valid
electors votes polled votes
6 ANANDI DEVI SP U 587 0.25 0.52 FD 112187
9 GAYATRI DEVI IND Z 1453 0.62 1.30 FD 112187
116 Taraiya
4 PRIYANKA SINGH BSP N 4628 2.16 4.62 FD 100104
117 Marhaura
27
SHOBHA DEVI IND Z 3410 1.82 3.43 FD 99365
11
ANITA NAVEEN IND Z 4028 2.15 4.05 FD 99365
16
USHA DEVI IND Z 838 0.45 0.84 FD 99365
118 Chapra
2 AMITA DEVI NCP N 1059 0.42 0.93 FD 114406
21
SUNITA KUMARI IND Z 352 0.14 0.31 FD 114406
120 Amnour
6 DHANA DEVI BED U 1068 0.55 1.11 FD 96624
Press Information Bureau 129
121 Parsa
5 SANDHAYA RAY NCP N 859 0.44 0.85 FD 101148
122 Sonepur
8 LILAWATI DEVI IND Z 1995 0.89 1.66 FD 120316
2 RABRI DEVI RJD S 43991 19.66 36.56 L 120316
123 Hajipur
2 UJJAWALA SHAHI INC N 2000 0.85 1.50 FD 133432
10
BABY JD(S) U 530 0.23 0.40 FD 133432
124 Lalganj
1 ANNU SHUKLA JD(U) S 58210 22.85 40.80 W 142674
125 Vaishali
10
ANJANI SINHA IND Z 1522 0.62 1.13 FD 134985
3 VEENA SHAHI RJD S 48122 19.67 35.65 L 134985
6 NISA RANI JD(S) U 1073 0.44 0.79 FD 134985
127 Raja pakar (SC)
9 RITA CHOUDHARY
SP U 636 0.31 0.62 FD 102959
12
KUMARI BABITA RAJAK
IND Z 1460 0.72 1.42 FD 102959
128 Raghopur
1 CHANDRA DEVI INC N 3824 1.45 2.86 FD 133641
2 RABRI DEVI RJD S 51216 19.49 38.32 L 133641
4 SUNITA DEVI BSP N 1841 0.70 1.38 FD 133641
Press Information Bureau 130
129 Manhar
13
MUNNI DEVI IND Z 2087 0.94 1.75 FD 118972
130 Patepur (SC)
1 PREMA CHAUDHARY
RJD S 37095 16.64 32.28 L 114911
2 BABITA DEVI INC N 3946 1.77 3.43 FD 114911
9 RINA KUMARI SP U 1060 0.48 0.92 FD 114911
12
RITA DEVI IND Z 2157 0.97 1.88 FD 114911
131 Kalyanpur (SC)
1 ANITA RAM INC N 13344 5.31 10.35 FD 128961
Press Information Bureau 131
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate
Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors votes polled
votes
133 Samastipur
6 ISHRAT JAHAN LSSP U 726 0.34 0.62 FD 116809
11 PRAMILA RAI CPI(ML)(L) U 2127 1.00 1.82 FD 116809
135 Morwa
19 SHWETA KUMARI
IND Z 1313 0.66 1.25 FD 104970
137 Mohiuddinnagar
8 ANITA DEVI IND Z 679 0.34 0.65 FD 105102
139 Rosera (SC)
2 BIBHA DEVI BSP N 3011 1.21 2.35 FD 127908
3 MANJU HAJARI BJP N 57930 23.28 45.29 W 127908
4 SARITA DEVI INC N 13914 5.59 10.88 FD 127908
141 Cheria bariarpur
2 USHA SAHNI CPI N 13450 6.64 11.78 FD 114202
3 KUMARI MANJU VERMA
JD(U) S 32807 16.20 28.73 W 114202
142 Bachhwara
4 MEENA DEVI LJP S 19301 8.55 14.85 FD 129938
6 VANDANA SINGH BJP N 15241 6.75 11.73 FD 129938
13 KUNDAN SINGH IND Z 3014 1.34 2.32 FD 129938
143 Teghra
6 INDU DEVI IND Z 1754 0.79 1.42 FD 123337
144 Matihani
5 VIDYA RANI LJP S 13440 5.19 9.00 FD 149372
Press Information Bureau 132
7 DR. KRANTI SINGH
SP U 898 0.35 0.60 FD 149372
145 Sahebpur kamal
1 PARVEEN AMANULLAH
JD(U) S 46391 23.93 42.96 W 107994
146 Begusarai
4 SHANTI SWAMI INC N 8309 3.41 6.44 FD 129070
148 Alauli (SC)
8 SHUSHILA DEVI IND Z 2792 1.43 2.58 FD 108355
149 Khagaria
3 PRITI VERMA INC N 4553 2.29 4.00 FD 113828
4 RAJ KUMARI DEVI YADAV
NCP N 1087 0.55 0.95 FD 113828
5 SUSHILA DEVI LJP S 21988 11.06 19.32 L 113828
13 VARSHA RANI IND Z 1592 0.80 1.40 FD 113828
2 POONAM DEVI YADAV
JD(U) S 48841 24.56 42.91 W 113828
150 Beldaur
6 SUNITA SHARMA LJP S 30252 12.88 22.76 L 132945
10 ANITA BIHARI IND Z 6433 2.74 4.84 FD 132945
1 UMA DEVI INC N 14655 6.24 11.02 FD 132945
3 MEENA SINGH NCP N 925 0.39 0.70 FD 132945
152 Bihpur
4 RENU CHOUDHARY
CPI N 2098 1.01 1.79 FD 116985
153 Gopalpur
6 SUPRABHA BHARTI
CPI N 3164 1.55 2.76 FD 114616
Press Information Bureau 133
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors
votes polled
votes
154 Pirpainti (SC)
1 ANJANI DEVI BSP N 4344 1.63 3.37 FD 129088
14 USHA DEVI IND Z 1323 0.50 1.02 FD 129088
155 Kahalgaon
2 KAHKASHAN PERWEEN
JD(U) S 36001 13.95 27.21 L 132284
6 SUNITA DEVI NCP N 1496 0.58 1.13 FD 132284
9 RAJU RANJANA SP U 1250 0.48 0.94 FD 132284
157 Sultanganj
16 PRAGYA KUMAR IND Z 2087 0.79 1.69 FD 123552
158 Nathnagar
5 USHA KUMARI JPS U 2403 0.99 1.97 FD 122251
7 MUMTAZ ANC U 954 0.39 0.78 FD 122251
159 Amarpur
9 BABY DEVI JVM U 5160 2.21 4.45 FD 115992
160 Dhuraiya (SC)
3 PREMLATADEVI BSP N 2263 1.00 2.01 FD 112758
8 SUGANDHA DEVI SP U 1059 0.47 0.94 FD 112758
161 Banka
2 NILUFAR NAHID INC N 2827 1.39 2.65 FD 106691
12 PRATIBHA PRAKASH
IND Z 6762 3.31 6.34 FD 106691
14 SIMPAL DEVI IND Z 8610 4.22 8.07 FD 106691
162 Katoria (ST)
Press Information Bureau 134
1 PUSHPLATA MURMU
NCP N 3270 1.76 3.84 FD 85187
4 ROSEMERI KISKU INC N 4517 2.43 5.30 FD 85187
164 Tarapur
2 NEETA CHOUDHARY
JD(U) S 44582 17.72 37.42 W 119133
12 SUMITRA DEVI JPS U 4089 1.63 3.43 FD 119133
165 Munger
5 SHABNAM PERWIN RJD S 37473 13.94 28.90 L 129649
166 Jamalpur
5 SADHANA DEVI LJP S 27195 10.63 23.70 L 114747 169 Sheikhpura
5 SUNILA DEVI INC N 24165 12.00 23.42 L 103186
11 RINKU DEVI IND Z 3009 1.49 2.92 FD 103186
171 Asthawan
13 JAYMANTI DEVI IND Z 1983 0.85 1.85 FD 106979
172 Biharsharif
2 AAFRIN SULTANA RJD S 54168 17.30 36.07 L 150190
173 Rajgir (SC)
4 MONI DEVI INC N 6599 2.88 6.48 FD 101803
13 PINKI DEVI IND Z 1675 0.73 1.65 FD 101803
175 Hilsa
2 USHA SINHA JD(U) S 54974 22.86 43.62 W 126043
Press Information Bureau 135
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Status
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors
votes polled
votes
4 RINA DEVI LJP S 41772 17.37 33.14 L 126043
5 SAVITRI DEVI NCP N 1187 0.49 0.94 FD 126043
10 SHASHI YADAV CPI(ML)(L) U 4550 1.89 3.61 FD 126043
177 Harnaut
3 BASUNDHARA KUMARI
INC N 2797 1.16 2.33 FD 120103
7 SUNAINA DEVI JD(S) U 1381 0.57 1.15 FD 120103
178 Mokama
4 SONAM DEVI LJP S 42610 19.90 36.43 L 116975
179 Barh
12 PUSHPA DEVI IND Z 1517 0.70 1.34 FD 113011
180 Bakhtiarpur
6 PUSHPA DEVI JMM U 1289 0.64 1.14 FD 113274
8 SHASHI YADAV IND Z 3384 1.67 2.99 FD 113274
181 Digha
2 PUNAM DEVI JD(U) S 81247 23.76 62.03 W 130974
7 MAYA SHRIVASTAVA
LSSP U 865 0.25 0.66 FD 130974
182 Bankipur
5 LEELA SINGH BSP N 495 0.17 0.45 FD 109309
12 REKHA MODI IND Z 438 0.15 0.40 FD 109309
15 SUNITA PREETAM IND Z 940 0.32 0.86 FD 109309
183 Kumhrarh
Press Information Bureau 136
9 SADHNA MISHRA SUCI U 214 0.07 0.18 FD 115804
14 RENU KUSHWAHA IND Z 490 0.16 0.42 FD 115804
186 Danapur
1 ASHA DEVI BJP N 59425 23.27 47.52 W 125050
187 Maner
12 MANJU DEVI IND Z 1155 0.49 0.87 FD 132342
14 MINA DEVI IND Z 2308 0.97 1.74 FD 132342
188 Phulwari (SC)
8 MAMTA DEVI RSWD U 416 0.17 0.31 FD 135456
189 Masaurhi (SC)
5 MANTI DAS NCP N 654 0.24 0.46 FD 142650
190 Paliganj
1 DR. USHA VIDYARTHI
BJP N 43692 18.85 37.70 W 115899
5 ASHA DEVI SP U 396 0.17 0.34 FD 115899
9 BABY PRAVEEN IJP U 993 0.43 0.86 FD 115899 191 Bikram
10 LEELA VERMA CPI(ML)(L) U 4004 1.61 3.04 FD 131772
193 Barhara
2 ASHA DEVI JD(U) S 45019 19.32 40.54 L 111049
14 DR. SIYA MATI RAI IND Z 1690 0.73 1.52 FD 111049
194 Arrah
10 MEENA TIWARI CPI(ML)(L) U 5314 2.31 4.68 FD 113450
Press Information Bureau 137
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat
us Total
Sl No. Name of candidate Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
electors
votes polled
votes
195 Agiaon (SC)
4 SUDHA DEVI NCP N 1261 0.63 1.37 FD 92365
196 Tarari
3 JAY LAKSHMI INC N 1427 0.63 1.12 FD 127786
197 Jagdishpur
6 JAYANTI DEVI SP U 901 0.38 0.69 FD 130261
198 Shahpur
3 MALTI DEVI INC N 2348 0.98 2.11 FD 111194
4 MUNNI DEVI BJP N 44795 18.74 40.29 W 111194
199 Barhampur
4 DILMARNI DEVI BJP N 46196 17.53 36.67 W 125983
16 INDU DEVI IND Z 2070 0.79 1.64 FD 125983
17 KIRAN MISHRA IND Z 1898 0.72 1.51 FD 125983
200 Buxar
3 MANJU PRAKASH CPM N 9317 4.22 7.27 FD 128102
6 PROF. SUKHADA PANDE
BJP N 48062 21.78 37.52 W 128102
15 GAYATRI DEVI IND Z 504 0.23 0.39 FD 128102
21 BHARATI KUMARI IND Z 657 0.30 0.51 FD 128102
PANDEY
24 SUNITA DEVI IND Z 4474 2.03 3.49 FD 128102
201 Dumraon
3 PRATIBHA DEVI INC N 5889 2.44 4.73 FD 124616
Press Information Bureau 138
11 KAMALA DEVI IND Z 1150 0.48 0.92 FD 124616
202 Rajpur (SC)
3 MANJU KUMARI INC N 5614 2.21 4.07 FD 137845
203 Ramgarh
14 MALTI GUPTA IND Z 3915 1.92 3.18 FD 123218
3 DR. PRABHAWATI DEVI
BSP N 17334 8.49 14.07 FD 123218
204 Mohania (SC)
7 TETARI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 2848 1.42 2.55 FD 111809
205 Bhabua
11 MAMTA DEVI RASED U 518 0.25 0.43 FD 119097
18 DULARI DEVI IND Z 871 0.42 0.73 FD 119097
5 VIJAYA LAXMI DEVI BSP N 12133 5.87 10.19 FD 119097
206 Chainpur
18 DHUNIA DEVI IND Z 193 0.08 0.14 FD 142032
15 SUMAN DEVI ABDBM U 732 0.31 0.52 FD 142032
207 Chenari (SC)
5 BABY DEVI IJP U 1014 0.43 0.80 FD 126797
8 MALATI DEVI AIBJRBSNC U 1262 0.53 1.00 FD 126797
208 Sasaram
8 JYOTI RASHMI RSWD U 870 0.32 0.60 FD 144512
210 Dinara
6 SITA SUNDARI DEVI RJD S 30566 12.86 25.41 L 120273
Press Information Bureau 139
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat
us
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate
Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
elector
s votes
polled votes
10 PUSHPA SINHA VIP U 813 0.34 0.68 FD 120273
3 SHEELA SINGH INC N 10098 4.25 8.40 FD 120273
5 SARITA SINGH NCP N 1495 0.63 1.24 FD 120273
211 Nokha
2 KANTI SINGH RJD S 27297 11.84 23.39 L 116704
6 USHA DEVI SP U 702 0.30 0.60 FD 116704
212 Dehri
13 JYOTI RASHMI IND Z 43634 18.82 35.29 W 123647
213 Karakat
2 PRAMILA SINGH INC N 2206 0.84 1.73 FD 127784
215 Kurtha
5 SUCHITRA SINHA INC N 2297 1.20 2.50 FD 91877
216 Jahanabad
5 ANJU MISHRA LS U 759 0.34 0.69 FD 110612
218 Makhdumpur (SC)
7 KUSUM DEVI SP U 524 0.29 0.58 FD 90185
219 Goh
3 NIRMALA DEVI NCP N 777 0.34 0.65 FD 120065
8 KUMARI ANUPAM SINHA
JMBP U 1508 0.66 1.26 FD 120065
221 Nabinagar
1 ARCHANA CHANDRA
BSP N 11850 5.77 11.64 FD 101815
Press Information Bureau 140
222 Kutumba (SC)
1 MANORAMA DEVI
BSP N 3535 1.81 3.78 FD 93460
224 Rafiganj
2 MADHWI SINGH INC N 6273 2.54 5.32 FD 117986
226 Sherghati
19 SUSHAMA DEVI IND Z 18944 9.45 17.59 L 107696
17 SUNITA DEVI IND Z 1904 0.95 1.77 FD 107696
228 Barachatti (SC)
1 JYOTI DEVI JD(U) S 57550 25.64 50.18 W 114697
2 NEELAM PASWAN
BSP N 2599 1.16 2.27 FD 114697
4 SAMTA DEVI RJD S 33804 15.06 29.47 L 114697
9 SABO DEVI JD(S) U 1367 0.61 1.19 FD 114697
11 RENUKA DEVI IND Z 1294 0.58 1.13 FD 114697
230 Gaya town
20 SUMAN SINGH IND Z 272 0.13 0.26 FD 103153
231 Tikari
6 RITA DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1859 0.76 1.41 FD 131910
233 Atri
3 KUNTI DEVI RJD S 35023 13.91 29.93 L 117023
8 SUNAINA DEVI RWS U 1368 0.54 1.17 FD 117023
10 GITA DEVI IND Z 1222 0.49 1.04 FD 117023 234 Wazirganj
Press Information Bureau 141
Name of Constituency Party Votes % of votes secured Stat
us
Total
Sl No. Name of candidate
Party Type Secured over total
over total Valid
elector
s votes
polled votes
7 LALITA DEVI JD(S) U 1093 0.48 0.90 FD 122073
235 Rajauli (SC)
4 BASANTI DEVI INC N 6299 2.67 5.83 FD 108127
11 SUDAMA DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1460 0.62 1.35 FD 108127
236 Hisua
4 NITU KUMARI INC N 20820 7.68 16.73 L 124430
237 Nawada
1 NIVEDITA SINGH INC N 16018 6.09 13.46 FD 119019
2 PURNIMA YADAV JD(U) S 46568 17.69 39.13 W 119019
12 SAVITRI DEVI CPI(ML)(L) U 1123 0.43 0.94 FD 119019
238 Gobindpur
9 SUSHILA DEVI JMM U 715 0.31 0.71 FD 100078
239 Warsaliganj
7 JULEE KUMARI JD(S) U 584 0.22 0.48 FD 120861
8 TANUJA KUMARI IJK U 1210 0.46 1.00 FD 120861
2 ARUNA DEVI INC N 36953 14.01 30.57 L 120861
240 Sikandra (SC)
6 KARINA DEVI SMBHP U 2020 0.89 1.95 FD 103824
241 Jamui
3 POONAM KUMARI
BSP N 1718 0.75 1.41 FD 121783
Press Information Bureau 142
Chapter 14
Assembly wise data of Electorate with Gender Composition During 2010 Assembly Election
1. Valmiki Nagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131451 108944 0 240395
Service 18 5 0 23
Total 131469 108949 0 240418
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 73607 70043 0 143650
Proxy(Already included in General )
0
Postal 51
Total 143701
Press Information Bureau 143
Polling Percentage - 59.77
-----
2. Ramnagar (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115799 100755 0 216554
Service 26 15 0 41
Total 115825 100770 0 216595
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66853 58360 0 125213
Proxy (Already included in General )
0
Postal 44
Total 125257
Polling Percentage -57.83
3. Narkatiaganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 11209 90025 0 199137
Press Information Bureau 144
Service 47 28 0 75
Total 109159 90053 0 199212
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65554 52438 0 117992
Proxy (Already included in General )
0
Postal 290
Total 118282
Polling Percentage -59.37
-----
4. Bagaha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125427 104645 0 230072
Service 54 29 0 83
Total 125481 104674 0 230155
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 72396 61378 0 133774
Press Information Bureau 145
Proxy (Already included in General )
0
Postal 172
Total 133946
Polling Percentage -58.20
5. Lauriya
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 104207 86619 0 190826
Service 19 10 0 29
Total 104226 86629 0 190855
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61292 53161 0 114453
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 326
Total 114779
Polling Percentage -60.14
-----
Press Information Bureau 146
6. Nautan
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109485 90719 0 200204
Service 88 35 0 123
Total 109573 90754 0 200327
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59628 52234 0 111862
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 249
Total 112111
Polling Percentage -55.96
7. Chanpatia
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107730 91055 0 198785
Service 112 54 0 166
Total 107842 1109 0 198951
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61231 49429 0 110660
Press Information Bureau 147
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 298
Total 110958
Polling Percentage -55.77
-----
8. Bettiah
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 104832 87131 0 191963
Service 129 53 0 182
Total 104961 87184 0 192145
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57256 48484 0 105740
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 434
Total 106174
Polling Percentage -55.26
-----
Press Information Bureau 148
9. Sikta
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107217 92241 0 199458
Service 27 12 0 39
Total 107244 92253 0 199497
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64791 59960 0 124751
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 202
Total 124953
Polling Percentage -62.63
10. Raxaul
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 113409 96706 0 115210
Service 5 0 0 5
Total 113414 96706 0 210120
Press Information Bureau 149
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66318 47137 0 113455
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 113455
Polling Percentage -54.00
-----
11. Sugauli
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110036 94825 0 204861
Service 47 20 0 67
Total 110083 94845 0 204928
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 11536 52214 0 113367
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Press Information Bureau 150
Total 113367
Polling Percentage -55.32
-----
12. Narkatia
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110291 94060 0 204351
Service 30 17 0 47
Total 110321 94077 0 204398
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63689 55378 0 119067
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 119067
Polling Percentage -58.25
13. Harsidhi (SC)
Press Information Bureau 151
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 99484 87564 0 187048
Service 23 18 0 41
Total 99507 87582 0 187089
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55963 46731 0 102694
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 102694
Polling Percentage -54.89
-----
14. Govindganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 103451 85579 0 189030
Service 3 0 0 3
Total 103454 85579 0 189033
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 152
General 51430 45970 0 97400
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 97400
Polling Percentage -51.53
-----
15. Kesaria
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 101292 84757 0 186049
Service 22 6 0 28
Total 101314 84763 0 186077
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 48204 46275 0 94479
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 153
Postal 3
Total 94482
Polling Percentage -50.78
-----
16. Kalyanpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 95172 82138 0 177310
Service 25 4 0 29
Total 95197 82142 0 177339
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 50005 46873 0 96878
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 96880
Polling Percentage -54.63
-----
Press Information Bureau 154
17. Pipra
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129050 108630 0 237680
Service 45 14 0 59
Total 129095 108644 0 237739
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65066 57296 0 122362
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 122364
Polling Percentage -51.47
18. Madhuban
Press Information Bureau 155
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 97012 81699 0 11787
Service 9 5 0 14
Total 97021 81704 0 178725
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51224 51446 0 102670
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 102670
Polling Percentage -57.45
-----
Press Information Bureau 156
19. Motihari
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119682 99310 0 218992
Service 43 27 0 70
Total 119725 99337 0 219062
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67004 55093 0 122097
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 122099
Polling Percentage -55.74
-----
20. Chiraia
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 116257 99087 0 215344
Service 58 32 0 90
Total 116315 11999 0 215434
Press Information Bureau 157
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 58297 53636 0 111933
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Total 111936
Polling Percentage -51.96
-----
21. Dhaka
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122642 108548 0 119023
Service 26 12 0 38
Total 122668 108560 0 231228
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63667 62963 0 126630
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 77
Total 126707
Press Information Bureau 158
Polling Percentage -54.80
22. Sheohar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124356 106332 0 230688
Service 96 52 0 148
Total 124452 106384 0 230836
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60255 59644 0 119899
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 74
Total 119973
Polling Percentage -51.97
-----
23. Riga
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122643 107185 0 229828
Service 100 50 0 150
Press Information Bureau 159
Total 122743 107235 0 229978
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 11632 58798 0 122009
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 122024
Polling Percentage -53.06
-----
24. Bathnaha (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124581 110176 0 234757
Service 284 122 0 406
Total 124865 110298 0 235163
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57948 53768 0 111716
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 160
Postal 15
Total 111731
Polling Percentage -47.51
-----
25. Parihar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120699 107960 0 228659
Service 250 43 0 293
Total 120949 108003 0 228952
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55564 59823 0 115387
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 95
Total 115482
Polling Percentage -50.44
-----
Press Information Bureau 161
26. Sursand
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122486 109251 0 231737
Service 151 72 0 223
Total 122637 109323 0 231960
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55867 60608 0 116475
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 116475
Polling Percentage -50.21
-----
Press Information Bureau 162
27. Bajpatti
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129822 112879 0 242701
Service 136 60 0 196
Total 129958 112939 0 242897
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54648 61470 0 116118
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 116118
Polling Percentage -47.81
-----
28. Sitamarhi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118612 102789 0 223975
Service 94 40 0 134
Total 121280 102829 0 224109
Press Information Bureau 163
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64016 54522 0 118538
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 78
Total 118616
Polling Percentage -52.93
-----
29. Runisaidpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115330 100597 0 215927
Service 159 89 0 248
Total 115489 100686 0 216175
Press Information Bureau 164
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53606 55335 0 108941
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 37
Total 108978
Polling Percentage -50.41
-----
30. Belsand
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 105652 92618 0 198270
Service 105 54 0 159
Total 105757 92672 0 198429
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 48130 50152 0 98282
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 109
Total 98391
Polling Percentage -49.58
Press Information Bureau 165
-----
31. Harlakhi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 117144 101785 0 218929
Service 39 15 0 54
Total 117183 101800 0 218983
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53051 59226 0 112277
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 8
Total 112285
Polling Percentage -51.28
-----
32. Benipatti
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 127546 106262 0 233808
Service 101 48 0 149
Press Information Bureau 166
Total 127647 106310 0 233957
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 47893 49772 0 97665
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 6
Total 97671
Polling Percentage -41.75
-----
33.Khajauli
Press Information Bureau 167
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125797 107939 0 233736
Service 79 37 0 116
Total 125876 107976 0 233852
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62077 62066 0 124143
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 124145
Polling Percentage -53.09
-----
34. Babubarhi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125384 109787 0 235171
Service 34 14 0 48
Total 125418 109801 0 235219
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62445 65293 0 127738
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 168
Postal 20
Total 127758
Polling Percentage -54.31
-----
35. Bisfi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 11933 110339 0 243458
Service 61 41 0 102
Total 133180 110380 0 243560
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55255 59850 0 115105
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 115106
Polling Percentage -47.26
-----
36. Madhubani
Press Information Bureau 169
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 145321 120537 0 265858
Service 124 60 0 184
Total 145445 120597 0 266042
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62810 58262 0 121072
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 11
Total 121083
Polling Percentage -45.51
-----
37. Rajnagar (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 130849 110789 0 241638
Service 62 35 0 97
Total 11309 110824 0 241735
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54494 52259 0 106753
Press Information Bureau 170
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Total 106756
Polling Percentage -44.16
-----
38. Jhanjharpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 130035 114991 0 245026
Service 52 22 0 74
Total 130087 115013 0 245100
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56743 60551 0 117294
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 11
Total 117305
Polling Percentage -47.86
-----
Press Information Bureau 171
39. Phulparas
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 140663 120649 0 261312
Service 53 30 0 83
Total 140716 120679 0 261395
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59920 66853 0 126773
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 126778
Polling Percentage -48.50
-----
40. Laukaha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 137569 123077 0 260646
Service 23 6 0 29
Total 137592 123083 0 260675
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64705 72685 0 137390
Press Information Bureau 172
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 137390
Polling Percentage -52.71
-----
41. Nirmali
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114653 103777 0 218430
Service 13 4 0 17
Total 114666 103781 0 218447
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62619 67830 0 130449
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 38
Total 130487
Polling Percentage -59.73
-----
Press Information Bureau 173
42. Pipra
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110716 100685 0 114012
Service 37 18 0 55
Total 110753 100703 0 114562
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61396 63834 0 125230
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 23
Total 125253
Polling Percentage -59.23
-----
43.Supaul
Press Information Bureau 174
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114990 104245 0 219235
Service 96 38 0 134
Total 115086 104283 0 219369
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55928 65403 0 121331
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 46
Total 121377
Polling Percentage -55.33
44.Tribeniganj (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110377 98510 0 208887
Service 30 14 0 44
Total 110407 98524 0 208931
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64503 65660 0 130163
Press Information Bureau 175
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 10
Total 130173
Polling Percentage -62.30
45.Chhatapur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112793 99396 0 212189
Service 21 6 0 27
Total 112814 99402 0 212216
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 68665 68054 0 136719
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 136720
Polling Percentage -64.42
-----
46.Narpatganj
Press Information Bureau 176
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126348 111507 0 237855
Service 40 20 0 60
Total 126388 111527 0 237915
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 75528 73555 0 149083
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 10
Total 149093
Polling Percentage -62.67
-----
47.Raniganj (SC)
Press Information Bureau 177
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120264 109354 0 229618
Service 21 10 0 31
Total 120285 109364 0 229649
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65050 66134 0 118413
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 8
Total 119213
Polling Percentage -57.13
-----
48.Forbesganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 128101 113524 0 241625
Service 32 20 0 52
Total 128133 113544 0 241677
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 74104 69858 0 143962
Press Information Bureau 178
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Total 143965
Polling Percentage -59.57
49.Araria
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115224 101397 0 216621
Service 22 9 0 31
Total 115246 101406 0 216652
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66410 11162 0 128521
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 34
Total 128555
Polling Percentage -59.34
50.Jokihat
Press Information Bureau 179
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110459 99103 0 209562
Service 4 1 0 5
Total 110463 99104 0 209567
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60989 63614 0 124603
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 12
Total 124615
Polling Percentage -59.46
-----
51.Sikti
Press Information Bureau 180
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110313 101521 0 118342
Service 6 4 0 10
Total 110319 101525 0 118442
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65801 11669 0 134917
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 40
Total 134957
Polling Percentage -63.71
-----
52.Bahadurganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110340 97830 0 208170
Service 142 2 0 144
Total 110482 97832 0 208314
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 58482 53931 0 112413
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 181
Postal 34
Total 112447
Polling Percentage -53.98
53.Thakurganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 103854 92662 0 196516
Service 17 8 0 25
Total 103871 92670 0 196541
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63272 65240 0 128512
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 128527
Polling Percentage – 65.39
------
Press Information Bureau 182
54.Kishanganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 111030 100806 0 118362
Service 9 6 0 15
Total 111039 100812 0 118512
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64727 59106 0 123833
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 42
Total 123875
Polling Percentage –58.47
55.Kochadhaman
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 94428 83077 0 177505
Press Information Bureau 183
Service 1 1 0 2
Total 94429 83078 0 177507
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53307 50043 0 103350
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 214
Total 103564
Polling Percentage –58.34
------
56.Amour
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118629 103383 0 222012
Service 0 0 0 0
Total 118629 103383 0 222012
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60725 63852 0 124577
Press Information Bureau 184
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 124
Total 124701
Polling Percentage –56.17
57.Baisi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 100231 90367 0 190598
Service 1 0 0 1
Total 100232 90367 0 190599
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59188 63202 0 122390
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 216
Total 122606
Polling Percentage –64.33
Press Information Bureau 185
------
58.Kasba
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 104159 94689 0 198848
Service 7 0 0 7
Total 104166 94689 0 198855
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 68732 65080 0 133812
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 89
Total 133901
Polling Percentage –67.34
------
Press Information Bureau 186
59.Banmankhi (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122239 110115 0 232354
Service 41 18 0 59
Total 122280 110133 0 232413
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63193 63147 0 126340
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 187
Total 126527
Polling Percentage –54.44
------
60.Rupauli
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125125 112896 0 238021
Service 41 14 0 55
Press Information Bureau 187
Total 125166 112910 0 238076
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 70710 68475 0 139185
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 125
Total 139310
Polling Percentage –58.51
61.Dhamdaha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123772 112736 0 236508
Service 45 16 0 61
Total 123817 112752 0 236569
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 75748 70276 0 146024
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 94
Press Information Bureau 188
Total 11846
Polling Percentage –61.77
------
62.Purnia
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 116880 99740 0 216620
Service 31 5 0 36
Total 116911 99745 0 216656
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 73738 58037 0 131775
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 72
Total 131847
Polling Percentage –60.86
------
Press Information Bureau 189
63.Katihar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112263 95794 0 208057
Service 204 55 0 259
Total 112467 95849 0 208316
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69492 55696 0 125188
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 152
Total 125340
Polling Percentage –60.17
64.Kadwa
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106476 94351 0 200827
Service 43 17 0 60
Press Information Bureau 190
Total 106519 94368 0 200887
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59415 60496 0 119911
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 59
Total 119970
Polling Percentage –59.72
------
65.Balrampur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123196 109550 0 232746
Service 18 10 0 28
Total 123214 109560 0 232774
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 72464 74765 0 147229
Press Information Bureau 191
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 43
Total 147272
Polling Percentage –63.27
66.Pranpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115134 102378 0 217512
Service 30 0 0 30
Total 115164 102378 0 217542
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 68701 69499 0 138200
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 26
Total 138226
Polling Percentage –63.54
67.Manihari (ST)
Press Information Bureau 192
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 111601 98535 0 210136
Service 277 60 0 337
Total 111878 98595 0 210473
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67343 58761 0 126104
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 36
Total 126140
Polling Percentage –59.93
------
68.Barari
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109633 97468 0 207101
Service 107 31 0 138
Total 109740 97499 0 207239
Press Information Bureau 193
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 72141 64575 0 136716
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 78
Total 136794
Polling Percentage –66.01
------
69.Korha (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 105694 96579 0 202273
Service 90 25 0 115
Total 105784 96604 0 202388
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69033 59371 0 128404
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 43
Total 128447
Press Information Bureau 194
Polling Percentage –63.47
70.Alamnagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 139830 123313 0 263143
Service 95 38 0 133
Total 139925 123351 0 263276
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 75918 78189 0 154107
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 11154
Polling Percentage –58.54
------
Press Information Bureau 195
71.Bihariganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 132274 119077 0 251351
Service 91 34 0 125
Total 132365 119111 0 251476
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 74032 78584 0 152616
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 152620
Polling Percentage –60.69
------
72.Singheshwar (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129751 115648 0 245399
Service 54 26 0 80
Total 129805 115674 0 245479
Press Information Bureau 196
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 72617 72679 0 145296
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 145297
Polling Percentage –59.19
------
73.Madhepura
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 137413 120514 0 257927
Service 170 76 0 246
Total 137583 120590 0 258173
Press Information Bureau 197
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 78748 74517 0 153265
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 9
Total 153274
Polling Percentage –59.37
------
74.Sonbarsa (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120498 108696 0 229194
Service 65 5 0 70
Total 120563 108701 0 229264
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59603 59928 0 119531
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 168
Total 119699
Press Information Bureau 198
Polling Percentage –52.21
75.Saharsa
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 151690 133040 0 284730
Service 204 5 0 209
Total 151894 133045 0 284939
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 80608 11317 0 151739
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 230
Total 151969
Polling Percentage –53.33
------
76.Simribakhtiarpur
Press Information Bureau 199
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129854 114863 0 244717
Service 78 31 0 109
Total 129932 114894 0 244826
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66094 65466 0 131560
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 133
Total 131693
Polling Percentage –53.79
------
77.Mahishi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115736 106876 0 222612
Press Information Bureau 200
Service 152 5 0 157
Total 115888 106881 0 222769
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56946 60308 0 117254
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 122
Total 117376
Polling Percentage –52.69
------
78.Kusheshwarasthan (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 105792 92628 0 198420
Service 13 6 0 19
Total 105805 92634 0 198439
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 40029 50445 0 90474
Press Information Bureau 201
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 90475
Polling Percentage –45.59
------
79.Gora bauram
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 104584 90841 0 195425
Service 13 2 0 15
Total 104597 90843 0 195440
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 40237 50235 0 90472
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 202
Postal 8
Total 90480
Polling Percentage –46.30
------
80.Benipur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120420 106170 0 226590
Service 40 83 0 123
Total 120460 106253 0 226713
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51755 55416 0 107171
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 7
Total 107178
Polling Percentage –47.27
------
Press Information Bureau 203
81.Alinagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114445 100800 0 215245
Service 32 16 0 48
Total 114477 100816 0 215293
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 45863 56025 0 101888
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 101888
Polling Percentage –47.33
82.Darbhanga Rural
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120920 102278 0 223198
Press Information Bureau 204
Service 71 44 0 115
Total 120991 102322 0 223313
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 49367 52378 0 101745
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 101745
Polling Percentage –45.56
83.Darbhanga
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125398 101995 0 227393
Service 52 29 0 81
Total 125450 102024 0 227474
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64225 54366 0 118591
Press Information Bureau 205
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 9
Total 118600
Polling Percentage –52.14
84.Hayaghat
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 99144 84717 0 183861
Service 61 41 0 102
Total 99205 84758 0 183963
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 43543 47387 0 90930
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 7
Total 90937
Polling Percentage –49.43
Press Information Bureau 206
85.Bahadurpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123160 103626 0 226786
Service 75 41 0 116
Total 123235 103667 0 226902
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 58623 56887 0 115510
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 8
Total 115518
Polling Percentage –50.91
------
86.Keoti
Press Information Bureau 207
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126270 106167 0 232437
Service 119 65 0 184
Total 126389 106232 0 232621
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 50640 58099 0 108739
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 6
Total 108745
Polling Percentage –46.75
87.Jale
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 130924 110985 0
Service 69 45 0 114
Total 130993 111030 0 242023
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 208
General 50942 57051 0 107993
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 107994
Polling Percentage –44.62
------
88.Gaighat
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122483 108031 0 230514
Service 248 116 0 364
Total 122731 108147 0 230878
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64281 65328 0 129609
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 151
Total 129760
Press Information Bureau 209
Polling Percentage –56.20
89.Aurai
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 117271 101528 0 218799
Service 153 60 0 213
Total 117424 101588 0 219012
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55922 60676 0 116598
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 70
Total 116668
Polling Percentage –53.27
Press Information Bureau 210
90.Minapur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 108632 94156 0 202788
Service 150 65 0 215
Total 108782 94221 0 203003
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63589 60315 0 123904
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 272
Total 124176
Polling Percentage –61.17
91.Bochaha (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107453 92712 0 200165
Service 98 45 0 143
Press Information Bureau 211
Total 107551 92757 0 200308
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64629 57710 0 122339
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 170
Total 122509
Polling Percentage –61.16
92.Sakra (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 102089 91567 0 193656
Service 364 174 0 538
Total 102453 91741 0 194194
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57449 58000 0 115449
Press Information Bureau 212
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 182
Total 115631
Polling Percentage –59.54
93.Kurhani
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 113616 99101 0 212717
Service 447 253 0 700
Total 114063 99354 0 213417
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66530 63156 0 129686
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 279
Total 129965
Press Information Bureau 213
Polling Percentage –60.90
94.Muzaffarpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131954 102446 0 234400
Service 313 142 0 455
Total 132267 102588 0 234855
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69238 52142 0 121380
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 425
Total 121805
Polling Percentage –51.86
95.Kanti
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110293 94967 0 205260
Service 260 140 0 400
Press Information Bureau 214
Total 110553 95107 0 205660
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65480 59071 0 124551
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 163
Total 124714
Polling Percentage –60.64
------
96.Baruraj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 108957 95350 0 204307
Service 187 93 0 280
Total 109144 95443 0 204587
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55991 56479 0 112470
Press Information Bureau 215
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 169
Total 112639
Polling Percentage –55.06
97.Paroo
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118102 104976 0 223078
Service 452 281 0 733
Total 118554 105257 0 223811
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60296 63740 0 124036
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 143
Total 124179
Polling Percentage –55.48
Press Information Bureau 216
98.Sahebganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 113710 100221 0 213931
Service 158 87 0 245
Total 113868 100308 0 214176
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57542 63351 0 120893
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 119
Total 121012
Polling Percentage –56.50
99.Baikunthpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125350 108029 0 233379
Service 138 71 0 209
Total 125488 108100 0 233588
Press Information Bureau 217
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59237 66046 0 125283
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 62
Total 125345
Polling Percentage –53.66
------
100.Barauli
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106366 95103 0 201469
Service 73 31 0 104
Total 106439 95134 0 201573
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54919 59918 0 114837
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 218
Postal 99
Total 114936
Polling Percentage –57.02
------
101.Gopalganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131512 109860 0 241372
Service 70 39 0 109
Total 131582 109899 0 241481
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64419 62960 0 127379
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 133
Total 127512
Press Information Bureau 219
Polling Percentage –52.80
------
102.Kuchaikote
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122952 107851 0 230803
Service 88 58 0 146
Total 123040 107909 0 230949
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61926 64652 0 126578
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 66
Total 126644
Polling Percentage –54.84
------
Press Information Bureau 220
103.Bhorey (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 133149 116765 0 249914
Service 128 85 0 213
Total 133277 116850 0 250127
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60102 59652 0 119754
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 43
Total 119797
Polling Percentage –47.89
------
104.Hathua
Press Information Bureau 221
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118591 103744 0 222335
Service 96 48 0 144
Total 118687 103792 0 222479
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59465 60091 0 119556
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 53
Total 119609
Polling Percentage –53.76
------
105.Siwan
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124885 102259 0 227144
Press Information Bureau 222
Service 58 38 0 96
Total 124943 102297 0 227240
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 60614 56088 0 116702
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 124
Total 116826
Polling Percentage –51.41
------
106.Ziradei
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 108274 90217 0 198491
Service 104 60 0 164
Total 108378 90277 0 198655
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 52829 55180 0 108009
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 223
Postal 45
Total 108054
Polling Percentage –54.39
107.Darauli (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125135 107901 0 233036
Service 226 120 0 346
Total 125361 108021 0 233382
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57235 59705 0 116940
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 94
Total 117034
Polling Percentage –50.15
------
Press Information Bureau 224
108.Raghunathpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112063 96537 0 208600
Service 141 89 0 230
Total 112204 96626 0 208830
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51088 52381 0 103469
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 28
Total 103497
Polling Percentage –49.56
------
Press Information Bureau 225
109.Daraundha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 117443 105550 0 222993
Service 160 87 0 247
Total 117603 105637 0 223240
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53802 57057 0 110859
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 10
Total 110869
Polling Percentage –49.66
------
110.Barharia
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118302 101365 0 219667
Service 61 38 0 99
Total 118363 101403 0 219766
Press Information Bureau 226
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56519 58519 0 115038
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 83
Total 115121
Polling Percentage –52.38
------
111.Goriyakothi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126733 111391 0 238124
Service 106 60 0 166
Total 126839 111451 0 238290
Press Information Bureau 227
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 58476 66377 0 124853
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 52
Total 124905
Polling Percentage –52.42
------
112.Maharajganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114683 102031 114683 216714
Service 152 82 152 234
Total 114835 102113 114835 216948
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 52710 58334 0 111044
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 35
Total 111079
Press Information Bureau 228
Polling Percentage –51.20
------
113.Ekma
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112739 101013 0 213752
Service 302 174 0 476
Total 113041 101187 0 214228
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 50887 51752 0 102639
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 342
Total 102981
Polling Percentage –48.07
Press Information Bureau 229
------
114.Manjhi
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114243 101324 0 215567
Service 440 235 0 675
Total 114683 101559 0 216242
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 52218 54202 0 106420
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 393
Total 106813
Polling Percentage –49.40
------
Press Information Bureau 230
115.Baniapur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124959 107828 0 232787
Service 276 136 0 412
Total 125235 107964 0 233199
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54598 57093 0 111691
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 500
Total 112191
Polling Percentage –48.11
------
116.Taraiya
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 113034 100470 0 213504
Press Information Bureau 231
Service 198 103 0 301
Total 113232 100573 0 213805
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 47398 52513 0 99911
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 291
Total 100202
Polling Percentage –46.87
------
117.Marhaura
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 99298 87600 0 186898
Service 166 114 0 280
Total 99464 87714 0 187178
Press Information Bureau 232
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 48828 50156 0 98984
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 390
Total 99374
Polling Percentage –53.09
------
118.Chapra
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 141705 112699 0 254404
Service 273 113 0 386
Total 141978 112812 0 254790
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63945 49840 0 113785
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 641
Press Information Bureau 233
Total 114426
Polling Percentage –44.91
------
119.Garkha (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114380 97515 0 211895
Service 180 134 0 314
Total 114560 97649 0 212209
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54049 49139 0 103188
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 448
Total 103636
Press Information Bureau 234
Polling Percentage –48.84
------
120.Amnour
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 104265 88483 0 192748
Service 174 0 0 174
Total 104439 88483 0 192922
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 47520 48888 0 96408
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 218
Total 96626
Polling Percentage –50.09
------
Press Information Bureau 235
121.Parsa
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106392 89366 0 195758
Service 117 92 0 209
Total 106509 89458 0 195967
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 50145 50537 0 100682
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 481
Total 116310
Polling Percentage –51.62
------
122.Sonepur
Electors Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 236
General 122501 100685 0 223186
Service 347 222 0 569
Total 122848 100907 0 223755
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65138 54864 0 120002
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 397
Total 120399
Polling Percentage –53.81
------
123.Hajipur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 128899 105981 0 234880
Press Information Bureau 237
Service 145 76 0 221
Total 129044 106057 0 235101
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71876 60728 0 132604
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 833
Total 133437
Polling Percentage –56.76
------
124.Lalganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 138072 116458 0 254530
Service 171 99 0 270
Total 138243 116557 0 254800
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71514 70582 0 142096
Press Information Bureau 238
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 582
Total 142678
Polling Percentage –56.00
------
125.Vaishali
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 132187 112333 0 244520
Service 90 50 0 140
Total 132277 112383 0 244660
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65699 68593 0 134292
Press Information Bureau 239
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 694
Total 134986
Polling Percentage –55.17
------
126.Mahua
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112644 95225 0 207869
Service 87 71 0 158
Total 112731 95296 0 208027
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56709 58605 0 115314
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 594
Total 115908
Polling Percentage –55.72
------
Press Information Bureau 240
127.Raja pakar (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110529 91618 0 202147
Service 171 90 0 261
Total 110700 91708 0 202408
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51084 51287 0 102371
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 589
Total 102960
Polling Percentage –50.87
------
128.Raghopur
Press Information Bureau 241
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 144494 117910 0 262404
Service 255 165 0 420
Total 144749 118075 0 262824
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62610 70490 0 133100
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 556
Total 133656
Polling Percentage –50.85
------
Press Information Bureau 242
129.Manhar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 121704 101151 0 222855
Service 208 94 0 302
Total 121912 101245 0 223157
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 58072 60443 0 118515
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 459
Total 118974
Polling Percentage –53.31
------
130.Patepur (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 121045 101756 0 222801
Service 61 39 0 100
Total 110612 101795 0 222901
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55323 59137 0 114460
Press Information Bureau 243
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 453
Total 114913
Polling Percentage –51.55
------
131.Kalyanpur (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 133569 117270 0 250839
Service 218 137 0 355
Total 133787 117407 0 251194
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 244
General 66554 62396 0 128950
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 11
Total 128961
Polling Percentage – 51.34
------
132.Warisnagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129600 114241 0 243841
Service 107 70 0 177
Total 129707 114311 0 244018
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 68170 68004 0 136174
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 136178
Polling Percentage – 55.81
Press Information Bureau 245
------
133.Samastipur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 114411 97016 0 211427
Service 156 70 0 226
Total 114567 97086 0 211653
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62541 54253 0 116794
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 116809
Press Information Bureau 246
Polling Percentage – 55.19
------
134.Ujiarpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 120233 106477 0 226710
Service 164 92 0 256
Total 120397 106569 0 226966
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67621 63163 0 130784
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 18
Total 130802
Polling Percentage – 57.63
------
Press Information Bureau 247
135.Morwa
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 105930 92315 0 198245
Service 230 85 0 315
Total 106160 92400 0 198560
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 52716 52246 0 104962
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 26
Total 104988
Polling Percentage – 52.87
------
136.Sarairanjan
Press Information Bureau 248
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 115980 101245 0 217225
Service 300 138 0 438
Total 116280 101383 0 217663
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59289 59415 0 118704
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 7
Total 118711
Polling Percentage – 54.54
------
137.Mohiuddinnagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106970 91991 0 198961
Press Information Bureau 249
Service 228 67 0 295
Total 107198 92058 0 199256
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51813 53165 0 104978
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 130
Total 105108
Polling Percentage – 52.75
------
138.Bibhutpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109435 97137 0 206572
Service 133 91 0 224
Total 109568 97228 0 206796
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59042 62260 0 121302
Press Information Bureau 250
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 29
Total 121331
Polling Percentage – 58.67
------
139.Rosera (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131423 117327 0 248750
Service 81 54 0 135
Total 131504 117381 0 248885
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61284 66618 0 127902
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 251
Postal 6
Total 127908
Polling Percentage – 51.39
------
140.Hasanpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118488 104850 0 223338
Service 95 53 0 148
Total 118583 104903 0 223486
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54835 61854 0 116689
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 116704
Polling Percentage – 52.22
------
Press Information Bureau 252
141.Cheriabariarpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106779 95697 0 202476
Service 72 17 0 89
Total 106851 95714 0 202565
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53036 60815 0 113851
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 353
Total 114204
Polling Percentage – 56.38
------
Press Information Bureau 253
142.Bachhwara
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119457 106062 0 225519
Service 89 58 0 147
Total 119546 106120 0 225666
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61521 68065 0 129586
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 356
Total 129942
Polling Percentage – 57.58
------
143.Teghra
Press Information Bureau 254
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119967 102332 0 222299
Service 89 43 0 132
Total 120056 102375 0 222431
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63123 59937 0 123060
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 281
Total 123341
Polling Percentage – 55.45
------
144.Matihani
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 139806 118633 0 258439
Service 231 68 0 299
Total 140037 118701 0 258738
Press Information Bureau 255
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 77483 71575 0 149058
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 325
Total 149383
Polling Percentage – 57.74
------
145.Sahebpurkamal
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 103929 89674 0 193603
Service 191 74 0 265
Total 104120 89748 0 193868
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53920 53871 0 107791
Press Information Bureau 256
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 205
Total 107996
Polling Percentage – 55.71
------
146.Begusarai
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131573 112245 0 243818
Service 122 58 0 180
Total 131695 112303 0 243998
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65235 63502 0 128737
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 333
Total 129070
Press Information Bureau 257
Polling Percentage – 52.90
------
147.Bakhri(SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 111903 100721 0 212624
Service 331 3 0 334
Total 112234 100724 0 212958
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55017 63414 0 118431
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 198
Total 118629
Polling Percentage – 55.71
Press Information Bureau 258
------
148.Alauli (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 103020 91942 0 194962
Service 107 56 0 163
Total 103127 91998 0 195125
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 49239 58938 0 108177
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 190
Total 108367
Polling Percentage – 55.54
------
Press Information Bureau 259
149.Khagaria
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107541 91022 0 198563
Service 202 88 0 290
Total 107743 91110 0 198853
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59327 54149 0 113476
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 355
Total 113831
Polling Percentage – 57.24
------
150.Beldaur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124052 110603 0 234655
Service 107 54 0 161
Press Information Bureau 260
Total 124159 110657 0 234816
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65990 66851 0 132841
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 105
Total 132946
Polling Percentage – 56.62
------
151.Parbatta
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 127848 110456 0 238304
Service 526 177 0 703
Total 128374 110633 0 239007
Press Information Bureau 261
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 72769 68180 0 140949
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 577
Total 141526
Polling Percentage – 59.21
------
152.Bihpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112586 95046 0 207632
Service 494 252 0 746
Total 113080 95298 0 208378
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 262
General 62113 54271 0 116384
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 602
Total 116986
Polling Percentage – 56.14
------
153.Gopalpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110111 93538 0 203649
Service 497 228 0 725
Total 110608 93766 0 204374
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61850 52398 0 114248
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 370
Press Information Bureau 263
Total 114618
Polling Percentage – 56.08
------
154.Pirpainti (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 144161 121939 0 266100
Service 385 189 0 574
Total 144546 122128 0 266674
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71919 56910 0 128829
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 260
Total 129089
Polling Percentage – 48.41
Press Information Bureau 264
------
155.Kahalgaon
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 138736 119271 0 258007
Service 67 32 0 99
Total 138803 119303 0 258106
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71849 60037 0 131886
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 400
Total 132286
Polling Percentage –51.25
------
156.Bhagalpur
Press Information Bureau 265
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 148665 123413 0 272078
Service 135 62 0 197
Total 148800 123475 0 272275
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 68168 47789 0 115957
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1046
Total 117003
Polling Percentage – 42.97
------
157.Sultanganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 142064 121009 0 263073
Service 341 130 0 471
Total 142405 121139 0 263544
Press Information Bureau 266
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66204 56891 0 123095
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 466
Total 123561
Polling Percentage – 46.88
------
158.Nathnagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 132079 110555 0 242634
Service 268 117 0 385
Total 132347 110672 0 243019
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67955 53635 0 121590
Press Information Bureau 267
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 667
Total 122257
Polling Percentage – 50.31
------
159.Amarpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126536 106568 0 233104
Service 275 116 0 391
Total 11268 106684 0 233495
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62356 53602 0 115958
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 268
Postal 34
Total 115992
Polling Percentage – 49.68
------
160.Dhuraiya (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 116012 104733 0 225893
Service 102 40 0 142
Total 121262 104773 0 226035
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59810 52932 0 112742
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 17
Total 112759
Polling Percentage – 49.89
Press Information Bureau 269
------
161.Banka
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109552 94379 0 203931
Service 118 48 0 166
Total 109670 94427 0 204097
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56151 50489 0 106640
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 62
Total 106702
Polling Percentage – 52.28
------
Press Information Bureau 270
162.Katoria (ST)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 99133 86989 0 186122
Service 23 8 0 31
Total 99156 86997 0 186153
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 45644 39534 0 85178
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 12
Total 85190
Polling Percentage – 45.76
------
163.Belhar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 132387 115188 0 247575
Press Information Bureau 271
Service 70 36 0 106
Total 132457 115224 0 247681
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61755 58575 0 120330
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 16
Total 120346
Polling Percentage – 48.59
------
164.Tarapur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 136546 114782 0 251328
Service 186 82 0 268
Total 136732 114864 0 251596
Press Information Bureau 272
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63709 55410 0 119119
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 14
Total 119133
Polling Percentage – 47.35
------
165.Munger
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 147694 120399 0 268093
Service 520 237 0 757
Total 148214 120636 0 268850
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 273
General 75470 54160 0 129630
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 19
Total 129649
Polling Percentage – 48.22
------
166.Jamalpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 141005 114195 0 255200
Service 416 199 0 615
Total 141421 114394 0 255815
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64133 50608 0 114741
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 274
Postal 6
Total 114747
Polling Percentage – 44.86
------
167.Suryagarha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 147734 123888 0 271622
Service 391 183 0 574
Total 148125 124071 0 272196
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69205 59232 0 128437
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 48
Total 128485
Polling Percentage – 47.20
------
Press Information Bureau 275
168.Lakhisarai
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 158571 136232 0 294803
Service 146 85 0 231
Total 158717 136317 0 295034
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 78898 66345 0 145243
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 88
Total 145331
Polling Percentage – 49.26
------
169.Sheikhpura
Press Information Bureau 276
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107722 93480 0 201202
Service 67 29 0 96
Total 107789 93509 0 201298
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 55113 48074 0 103187
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 103187
Polling Percentage – 51.26
------
170.Barbigha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 98816 86567 0 185383
Press Information Bureau 277
Service 68 36 0 104
Total 98884 86603 0 185487
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 49648 42761 0 92409
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 92414
Polling Percentage – 49.82
------
171.Asthawan
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125192 107337 0 232529
Service 227 133 0 360
Total 125419 107470 0 232889
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57334 49643 0 106977
Press Information Bureau 278
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 106981
Polling Percentage – 45.94
------
172.Biharsharif
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 169464 143354 0 312818
Service 173 95 0 268
Total 169637 143449 0 313086
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 81859 68328 0 150187
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 19
Total 150206
Press Information Bureau 279
Polling Percentage – 47.98
------
173.Rajgir (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 121221 107279 0 228500
Service 264 136 0 400
Total 121485 107415 0 228900
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 45172 56628 0 101800
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Total 101803
Polling Percentage – 44.47
------
Press Information Bureau 280
174.Islampur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126935 110374 0 237309
Service 189 97 0 286
Total 127124 110471 0 237595
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61322 53085 0 114407
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 114408
Polling Percentage – 48.15
------
Press Information Bureau 281
175.Hilsa
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 128195 112201 0 240396
Service 89 40 0 129
Total 128284 112241 0 240525
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67036 59007 0 126043
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 126043
Polling Percentage – 52.40
------
176.Nalanda
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 126714 110328 0 237042
Press Information Bureau 282
Service 112 106 0 317
Total 126925 110434 0 237359
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65653 55245 0 120898
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 6
Total 120904
Polling Percentage – 50.94
------
177.Harnaut
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129825 111920 0 241745
Service 180 86 0 266
Total 130005 112006 0 242011
Press Information Bureau 283
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65358 54745 0 120103
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 120103
Polling Percentage – 49.63
------
178.Mokama
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 116606 97217 0 213823
Service 207 122 0 329
Total 116813 97339 0 214152
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 284
General 63839 53132 0 116971
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 116975
Polling Percentage – 54.62
------
179.Barh
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 117352 98436 0 215788
Service 353 141 0 494
Total 117705 98577 0 216282
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62930 50081 0 113011
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 10
Total 113021
Polling Percentage – 52.26
Press Information Bureau 285
------
180.Bakhtiarpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109993 92414 0 202407
Service 204 142 0 346
Total 110197 92556 0 202753
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63534 49739 0 113273
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 113274
Polling Percentage – 55.87
------
Press Information Bureau 286
181.Digha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 192429 149328 0 341757
Service 93 63 0 156
Total 192522 149391 0 341913
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 78346 52627 0 130973
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 130974
Polling Percentage – 38.31
----
182.Bankipur
Electors Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 287
General 167390 128113 0 295503
Service 180 82 0 262
Total 167570 128195 0 295765
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66938 42370 0 109308
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 109309
Polling Percentage – 36.96
----
183.Kumhrarh
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 172899 137090 0 309989
Service 124 68 0 192
Total 173023 137158 0 310181
Press Information Bureau 288
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69717 46083 0 115800
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 115805
Polling Percentage – 37.33
----
184.Patna Sahib
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 160996 131854 0 292850
Service 17 8 0 25
Total 161013 131862 0 292875
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 83083 51218 0 134301
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Press Information Bureau 289
Total 134301
Polling Percentage – 45.86
----
185.Fatwah
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107890 89930 0 197820
Service 91 41 0 132
Total 107981 89971 0 197952
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64578 47196 0 111774
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 0
Total 111774
Polling Percentage – 56.47
Press Information Bureau 290
----
186.Danapur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 141390 113413 0 254803
Service 393 222 0 615
Total 141783 113635 0 255418
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 73758 51289 0 125047
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 12
Total 125059
Polling Percentage –48.96
----
Press Information Bureau 291
187.Maner
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 127697 108890 0 236587
Service 478 272 0 750
Total 128175 109162 0 237337
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 75554 56772 0 132326
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 22
Total 132348
Polling Percentage – 55.76
----
188.Phulwari (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 134701 112392 0 247093
Service 208 119 0 327
Press Information Bureau 292
Total 134909 112511 0 247420
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 78218 57236 0 135454
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Total 135457
Polling Percentage – 54.75
----
189.Masaurhi (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 145688 127538 0 273226
Service 247 74 0 321
Total 145935 127612 0 273547
Press Information Bureau 293
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 79184 63464 0 142648
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 142650
Polling Percentage – 52.15
----
190.Paliganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122842 108187 0 231029
Service 552 241 0 793
Total 123394 108428 0 231822
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64362 51535 0 115897
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 3
Press Information Bureau 294
Total 115900
Polling Percentage – 50.00
----
191.Bikram
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 132710 115642 0 248352
Service 433 164 0 597
Total 133143 115806 0 248949
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 74801 56970 0 131771
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 131773
Polling Percentage – 52.93
----
Press Information Bureau 295
192.Sandesh
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 116519 96557 0 213076
Service 544 206 0 750
Total 117063 96763 0 213826
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63504 49362 0 112866
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 11
Total 112877
Polling Percentage – 52.79
----
Press Information Bureau 296
193.Barhara
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 130130 102200 0 232330
Service 444 197 0 641
Total 130574 102397 0 232971
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62929 48256 0 111185
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 111190
Polling Percentage – 47.73
----
194.Arrah
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 128850 100461 0 229311
Service 229 109 0 338
Total 129079 100570 0 229649
Press Information Bureau 297
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67456 45988 0 113444
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 6
Total 113450
Polling Percentage – 49.40
----
195.Agiaon (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109434 90849 0 200283
Service 233 111 0 344
Total 109667 90960 0 200627
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53034 39331 0 92365
Press Information Bureau 298
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 10
Total 92375
Polling Percentage – 46.04
----
196.Tarari
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125472 102395 0 227867
Service 210 113 0 323
Total 125682 102508 0 228190
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71560 56224 0 127784
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 127786
Polling Percentage – 56.00
Press Information Bureau 299
----
197.Jagdishpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 130812 108358 0 239170
Service 230 132 0 362
Total 131042 108490 0 239532
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 71873 58383 0 130256
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 130261
Polling Percentage – 54.38
----
Press Information Bureau 300
198.Shahpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 134969 103496 0 238465
Service 362 205 0 567
Total 135331 103701 0 239032
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63229 47965 0 111194
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 111196
Polling Percentage – 46.52
----
199.Barhampur
Press Information Bureau 301
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 140188 121457 0 261645
Service 1191 653 0 1844
Total 141379 122110 0 263489
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69890 56042 0 125932
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 55
Total 125987
Polling Percentage – 47.81
----
200.Buxar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118600 101134 0 219734
Service 605 354 0 959
Total 119205 101488 0 220693
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 302
General 70025 57773 0 127798
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 304
Total 128102
Polling Percentage – 58.05
----
201.Dumraon
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129602 110614 0 240216
Service 916 476 0 1392
Total 130518 111090 0 241608
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 70295 54254 0 124549
Press Information Bureau 303
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 68
Total 124617
Polling Percentage – 51.58
----
202.Rajpur (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 135721 118066 0 253787
Service 446 272 0 718
Total 136167 118338 0 254505
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 76736 61055 0 137791
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 65
Total 137856
Polling Percentage – 54.17
Press Information Bureau 304
----
203.Ramgarh
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 108842 94113 0 202955
Service 725 436 0 1161
Total 109567 94549 0 204116
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 66183 56876 0 123059
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 160
Total 123219
Polling Percentage – 60.37
Press Information Bureau 305
----
204.Mohania (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107516 92030 0 199546
Service 272 142 0 414
Total 107788 92172 0 199960
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62416 49273 0 111689
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 121
Total 111810
Polling Percentage – 55.92
----
205.Bhabua
Press Information Bureau 306
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 110187 96265 0 206452
Service 227 120 0 347
Total 110414 96385 0 206799
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64161 54481 0 118642
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 464
Total 119106
Polling Percentage – 57.60
----
206. Chainpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124904 110153 0 235057
Service 162 85 0 247
Total 125066 110238 0 235304
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 307
General 76326 65491 0 141817
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 216
Total 142033
Polling Percentage – 60.36
----
207. Chenari (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 128223 109311 0 237534
Service 110 60 0 170
Total 128333 109371 0 237704
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 308
General 69686 57002 0 126688
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 132
Total 126820
Polling Percentage – 53.35
----
208. Sasaram
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 149555 125640 0 275195
Service 134 50 0 184
Total 149689 125690 0 275379
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 82210 62059 0 144269
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 257
Total 144526
Polling Percentage – 52.48
Press Information Bureau 309
----
209. Kargahar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 139590 119075 0 258665
Service 64 34 0 98
Total 139654 119109 0 258763
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 84982 64429 0 149411
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 342
Total 149753
Polling Percentage – 57.87
----
Press Information Bureau 310
210. Dinara
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 127843 109638 0 237481
Service 175 104 0 279
Total 128018 109742 0 237760
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 69676 50532 0 120208
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 65
Total 120273
Polling Percentage – 50.59
----
211. Nokha
Press Information Bureau 311
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 124787 105605 0 230392
Service 95 51 0 146
Total 124882 105656 0 230538
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67117 49488 0 116605
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 103
Total 116708
Polling Percentage – 50.62
----
212. Dehri
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 127250 104392 0 231642
Service 145 78 0 223
Total 127395 104470 0 231865
Voters Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 312
General 70612 52941 0 123553
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 132
Total 123685
Polling Percentage – 53.34
----
213. Karakat
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 141775 119639 0 261414
Service 299 159 0 458
Total 142074 119798 0 261872
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 73335 54402 0 127737
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Press Information Bureau 313
Postal 53
Total 127790
Polling Percentage – 48.80
----
214. Arwal
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 109785 91269 0 201054
Service 305 120 0 425
Total 110090 91389 0 201479
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 53877 40957 0 94834
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 77
Total 94911
Polling Percentage – 47.11
----
Press Information Bureau 314
215. Kurtha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 103427 87525 0 190952
Service 141 59 0 200
Total 103568 87584 0 191152
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 50859 41082 0 91941
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 44
Total 91985
Polling Percentage – 48.12
----
216. Jahanabad
Press Information Bureau 315
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119966 101622 0 221588
Service 415 145 0 560
Total 120381 101767 0 222148
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 61882 48717 0 110599
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 17
Total 110616
Polling Percentage – 49.79
----
217. Ghosi
Electors Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 316
General 110073 96124 0 206197
Service 367 184 0 551
Total 110440 96308 0 206748
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56772 47346 0 104118
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 8
Total 104126
Polling Percentage – 50.36
----
218. Makhdumpur (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 98261 84419 0 182680
Service 461 112 0 672
Total 98722 84630 0 183352
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 49809 40375 0 90184
Press Information Bureau 317
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 90186
Polling Percentage – 49.19
----
219. Goh
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 121634 106099 0 227733
Service 290 166 0 456
Total 121924 106265 0 228189
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65838 54208 0 120046
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 19
Press Information Bureau 318
Total 120065
Polling Percentage – 52.62
----
220. Obra
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125203 106638 0 231841
Service 366 199 0 565
Total 125569 106837 0 232406
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 73495 56745 0 130240
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 22
Total 130262
Polling Percentage – 56.05
----
Press Information Bureau 319
221. Nabinagar
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 112205 92932 0 205137
Service 150 74 0 224
Total 112355 93006 0 205361
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59699 42098 0 101797
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 18
Total 101815
Polling Percentage –49.58
----
222. Kutumba (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 107144 88200 0 195344
Service 105 48 0 153
Press Information Bureau 320
Total 107249 88248 0 195497
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 52725 40721 0 93446
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 14
Total 93460
Polling Percentage –47.81
----
223. Aurangabad
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123516 102437 0 225953
Service 134 54 0 188
Total 123650 102491 0 226141
Press Information Bureau 321
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 62596 48712 0 111308
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 18
Total 111326
Polling Percentage –49.23
----
224. Rafiganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 134178 112144 0 246322
Service 145 64 0 209
Total 134323 112208 0 246531
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64888 53093 0 117981
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 117986
Press Information Bureau 322
Polling Percentage –47.86
----
225. Gurua
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119138 102081 0
221219
Service 84 43 0 127
Total 119222 102124 0 221346
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64674 55982 0 120656
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 16
Press Information Bureau 323
Total 120672
Polling Percentage –54.52
----
226. Sherghati
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 106481 93905 0
200386
Service 28 16 0 44
Total 106509 93921 0 200430
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57681 49982 0 107663
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 35
Total 107698
Polling Percentage –53.73
----
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227. Imamganj (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122781 106393 0
229174
Service 56 19 0 75
Total 0 229249
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 57089 51980 0 109069
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 19
Total 109088
Polling Percentage –47.58
----
228. Barachatti (SC)
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Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118372 106027 0 224399
Service 28 12 0 40
Total 118400 106039 0 224439
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 118400 106039 0 114690
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 7
Total 114697
Polling Percentage –51.10
----
229. Bodh gaya (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
Press Information Bureau 326
General 125357 112451 0
237808
Service 145 73 0 218
Total 0 238026
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 63535 58463 0 121998
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 122013
Polling Percentage –51.26
----
230. Gaya town
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 119101 95568 0
214669
Service 159 64 0 223
Total 0 214892
Voters Men Women Other Total
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General 61201 41745 0 102946
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 207
Total 103153
Polling Percentage –48.00
----
231. Tikari
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 131333 113222 0
244555
Service 261 98 0 359
Total 131594 113320 0 244914
Voters Men Women Other Total
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General 71450 60370 0 131820
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 91
Total 131911
Polling Percentage –53.86
----
232. Belaganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 118045 101469 0
219514
Service 98 49 0 147
Total 118143 101518 0 219661
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67388 54271 0 121659
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 144
Total 121803
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Polling Percentage – 55.45
----
233. Atri
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 133445 118112 0 251557
Service 162 74 0 236
Total 133607 118186 0 251793
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64332 52667 0 116999
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 24
Total 117023
Polling Percentage – 46.48
----
234. Wazirganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 121904 107466 0 229370
Press Information Bureau 330
Service 120 50 0 170
Total 122024 107516 0 229540
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67215 54741 0 121956
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 117
Total 122073
Polling Percentage – 53.18
----
235. Rajauli (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 125510 110098 0 235608
Service 64 24 0 88
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Total 125574 110122 0 235696
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 56007 52430 0 108437
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 108439
Polling Percentage – 46.01
----
236. Hisua
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 143667 127174 0 270841
Service 151 70 0 221
Total 143818 127244 0 271062
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65432 58984 0 124416
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 16
Press Information Bureau 332
Total 124432
Polling Percentage – 45.91
----
237. Nawada
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 141599 121409 0 263008
Service 155 49 0 204
Total 141754 121458 0 263212
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 64229 54778 0 119007
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 12
Total 119019
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Polling Percentage – 45.22
----
238. Gobindpur
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123207 105934 0 229141
Service 58 24 0 82
Total 123265 105958 0 229223
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 51589 48487 0 100076
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 2
Total 100078
Polling Percentage – 43.66
----
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239. Warsaliganj
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 143208 120324 0 263532
Service 138 67 0 205
Total 143346 120391 0 263737
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65247 55609 0 120856
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 5
Total 120861
Polling Percentage – 45.83
----
240. Sikandra (SC)
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122886 104911 0 227797
Service 12 6 0 18
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Total 122898 104917 0 227815
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 54738 49085 0 103823
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 1
Total 103824
Polling Percentage – 45.57
----
241. Jamui
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 123690 103916 0 227606
Service 18 12 0 30
Total 123708 103928 0 227636
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 65481 56302 0 121783
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
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Postal 1
Total 121784
Polling Percentage – 53.50
----
242. Jhajha
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 129513 110910 0 240423
Service 11 3 0 14
Total 129524 110913 0 240437
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 67076 57034 0 124110
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 4
Total 124114
Polling Percentage – 51.62
----
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243. Chakai
Electors Men Women Other Total
General 122337 106594 0 228931
Service 4 3 0 7
Total 122341 106597 0 228938
Voters Men Women Other Total
General 59959 48292 0 108251
Proxy (Already included in General ) 0
Postal 15
Total 108266
Polling Percentage – 47.29
----
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Chapter 15
EVOLUTION OF ELECTORAL SYSTEM OF INDIA
After attaining independence in August 1947, there was a need to hold General Elections in free India to elect a truly
representative government elected on the basis of universal adult suffrage. Therefore, Article 324, which provides for the
setting up of Election Commission as an independent constitutional authority, was brought into force from 26th November,
1949, whereas, most of the other provisions were made effective from 26th January, 1950 (when the Constitution of India
became effective).
Election Commission was formally constituted on 25th January, 1950, i.e., one day before India became as Sovereign
Democratic Republic. First Chief Election Commissioner, Shri Sukumar Sen, was appointed on 21st March, 1950.
From 1950 to 16th October, 1989, the Commission functioned as a single member body. From 16th October, 1989 to
1st January, 1990, it was converted into a three member body but on 1st January, 1990, it reverted to the system of single member
body. However, since 1st October, 1993, the Commission is regularly functioning as a three member body.
The Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners are given the same salary and allowances as of a Judge
of the Supreme Court. All the three Commissioners have equal powers in decision making and in case of any difference of
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opinion on any issue, the decision is taken by the majority. The term of the office of CEC and ECs is six years or till the age of
65, whichever is earlier.
For the purpose of first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas, the first delimitation order was issued by
President, in consultation with Election Commission and with the approval of Parliament on 13th August, 1951.
To provide a legal framework for the conduct of elections, Parliament passed the first Act on 12th May, 1950
(Representation of the People Act, 1950) providing mainly for the preparation of electoral rolls and second Act on 17th July,
1951 (Representation of the People Act, 1951) laying down the procedure for the conduct of elections to both Houses of
Parliament and Vidhan Sabhas for each State.
Electoral Rolls for these constituencies were published in all States by 15th November, 1951. The total number of voters
(excluding Jammu and Kashmir) was 17,32,13,635 as against the total population of India (excluding Jammu and Kashmir),
according to 1951 census, 35,66,91,760. The first General Elections to the Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabhas were held between
October, 1951 and March, 1952. The first Lok Sabha consisting of 497 members was constituted on 2nd April, 1952. The first
Rajya Sabha consisting of 216 members was constituted on 3rd April, 1952.
After the constitution of the two Houses of Parliament and the State Legislative Assemblies, the first Presidential election
was held in May, 1952 and the first duly elected President assumed the charge of office on 13th May, 1952. At the time of the
first General Election in 1951-52, the Commission had recognized 14 political parties as multi-state parties and 39 parties as
the state parties. Presently, there are seven recognized national parties 40 State parties.
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For the first and second General Elections in 1951-52, and 1957, the Election Commission adopted the ‘Balloting System’
of voting. Under this system, every candidate was allotted a separate ballot box at each polling station in a screened
compartment and the voter was required only to drop his ballot paper, the centrally pre-printed ballot papers into the ballot
box of the candidate of his choice.
From the 3rd General Elections in 1962 onwards, the Commission switched over to ‘marking system’ of voting. Under
this system, a common ballot paper containing the names and election symbols of all contesting candidates is printed on which
the voter has to put a mark with an arrow cross mark rubber stamp on or near the symbol of the candidate of his choice. All
the marked ballot papers are put into a common ballot box.
The Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) were used for the first time in part of Parur Assembly Constituency in Kerala in
1982, on experimental basis. Later, the extensive use of EVMs started in 1998. The EVMs were used at all polling stations in the
country in the 14th General Election to the Lok Sabha in 2004 for the first time . Since then all elections to Lok Sabha and
Legislative Assemblies have been held using EVMs.
Since 1951-52, fifteen General Elections have been held to the Lok Sabha and 348 General Elections to the Vidhan Sabhas
and the country is now fully geared for the 16th country wide general elections to Lok Sabha.
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Some Features of Indian Elections
During Kerala Legislative Assembly Elections in 2007, an exclusive polling station was set up only for one elector in Perambara Assembly Constituency. Likewise a polling station was provided for a lone voter in Gir forest in Gujarat in 2012.
Highest altitude at which the polling stations provided in the State of Jammu and Kashmir: at Leh and Anlay Phoo in Leh Assembly Constituency at the height of 5000 mtr.
During Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly Elections in 1996, as many as 1033 contesting candidates were in Modakurichi Assembly Constituency.
Maximum number of candidates for any Parliamentary Constituency was 480 from Nalgonda Parliamentary Constituency in Andhra Pradesh during the General Elections to the Lok Sabha in 1996.
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Chapter16
Electoral Laws of India
India is a sovereign, socialist, secular democratic republic. Democracy is one
of the inalienable basic features of the Constitution of India and forms part of its
basic structure (Kesavanand Bharati v State of Kerala and Others AIR 1973 SC
1461). The concept of democracy, as visualized by the Constitution, pre-supposes
the representation of the people in Parliament and State Legislatures by the
method of election (N P Punnuswami v Returning Officer Namakkal AIR 1952 SC
64).For democracy to survive rule of law must prevail and it is necessary that the
best available men should be chosen as people’s representatives for proper
governance of the country (Gadakh Yashwantrao Kankararao v Balasaheb
Vikhepatil AIR 1994 SC 678). And for the best available men to be chosen as
people’s representatives, elections must be free and fair and conducted in an
atmosphere where the electors are able to exercise their franchise according to
their own free will. Thus, free and fair elections form the bedrock of democracy.
India has adopted the British Westminster system of parliamentary form of
government. We have an elected President, elected Vice-President, elected
Parliament and elected State Legislature for every State. Now, we also have
elected municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies. For ensuring free and
fair elections to these offices and bodies, there are three pre-requisites: (1) an
authority to conduct these elections, which should be insulated from political and
executive interference, (2) set of laws which should govern the conduct of
elections and in accordance whereof the authority charged with the responsibility
of conducting these elections should hold them, and (3) a mechanism whereby all
doubts and disputes arising in connection with these elections should be resolved.
The Constitution of India has paid due attention to all these imperatives and
duly provided for all the three matters.
The Constitution has created an independent Election Commission of India
in which vests the superintendence, direction and control of preparation of
electoral rolls for, and conduct of elections to, the offices of President and Vice-
President of India and Parliament and State Legislatures (Article 324). A similar
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independent constitutional authority has been created for conduct of elections to
municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA).
The authority to enact laws for elections to the offices of President and Vice-
President and to Parliament and State Legislatures has been reposed by the
Constitution in Indian Parliament (Articles 71 and 327). Laws relating to conduct
of elections to municipalities, panchayats and other local bodies are framed by the
respective State Legislatures (Articles 243 K and 243 ZA). All doubts and disputes
relating to the elections to the office of President and Vice-President are dealt with
by the Supreme Court (Article 71), whereas the initial jurisdiction to deal with all
doubts and disputes relating to the elections to Parliament and State Legislatures
vests in the High Court of the State concerned, with a right of appeal to the
Supreme Court (Article 329). The disputed matters relating to elections to
municipalities, etc. are decided by the lower courts in accordance with the laws
made by the respective State Governments.
The law relating to the elections to the offices of President and Vice-
President of India has been enacted by Parliament in the form of Presidential and
Vice-Presidential Elections Act 1952. This Act has been supplemented by the
Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Rules 1974 and further supplemented
by the Election Commission’s directions and instructions on all aspects.
Conduct of elections to Parliament and State Legislatures are governed by
the provisions of two Acts, namely, Representation of the People Act 1950 and
Representation of the People Act 1951.
Representation of the People Act 1950 deals mainly with the matters
relating to the preparation and revision of electoral rolls. The provisions of this
Act have been supplemented by detailed rules, Registration of Electors Rules 1960,
made by the Central Government, in consultation with the Election Commission,
under Section 28 of that Act and these rules deal with all the aspects of preparation
of electoral rolls, their periodic revision and updating, inclusion of eligible names,
exclusion of ineligible names, correction of particulars, etc. These rules also
provide for the issue of electoral identity cards to registered electors bearing their
photographs at the State cost. These rules also empower the Election Commission
to prepare the photo electoral rolls containing photographs of electors, in addition
to their other particulars .In exercise of these powers, the Commission is now
preparing the electoral rolls for all parliamentary and assembly constituted in
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India with the photographs of electors containing therein, apart from the issue of
individual identity cards to them.
All matters relating to the actual conduct of elections are governed by the
provisions of the Representation of the People Act 1951 which have been
supplemented by the Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 framed by the Central
Government, in consultation with the Election Commission, under Section 169 of
that Act. This Act and the rules make detailed provisions for all stages of the
conduct of elections like the issue of writ notification calling the election, filing of
nominations, scrutiny of nominations, withdrawal of candidatures, taking of poll,
counting of votes and constitution of the Houses on the basis of the results so
declared.
The superintendence, direction and control of elections vested by the
Constitution in the Election Commission empowers the Commission even to make
special orders and directions to deal with the situations for which the laws enacted
by the Parliament make no provision or insufficient provision. The classic
example of filling such vacuous area is the promulgation of the Election Symbols
(Reservation and Allotment) Order 1968 which governs the matters relating to
recognition of political parties at the National and State level, reservation of
election symbols for them, resolution of disputes between splinter groups of such
recognised parties, and allotment of symbols to all candidates at elections, etc.
Another such vacuous area where the Election Commission exercises its
inherent powers under Article 324 of the Constitution is the enforcement of the
Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and candidates. The Model
Code is a unique document evolved by the political parties themselves to govern
their conduct during elections so as to ensure that a level playing field for all
political parties is maintained during elections and, in particular, to curb the
misuse of official power and official machinery by the ruling party(ies) to further
the electoral prospects of their candidates.
All post election matters to resolve doubts and disputes arising out of or in
connection with the elections are also dealt with in accordance with the provisions
of the Representation of the People Act 1951. Under this Act, all such doubts and
disputes can be raised before the High Court of the State concerned, but only after
the election is over and not when the election process is still on.
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The above mentioned Representation of the People Acts 1950 and 1951 and
the Registration of Electors Rules 1960 and Conduct of Elections Rules 1961 form
complete code on all matters relating to elections to both Houses of Parliament
and State Legislatures. Any person aggrieved by any of the decisions of the
Election Commission or the authorities functioning under it has to find a remedy
in accordance with the provisions of these Acts and Rules.
These Acts and Rules enable the Election Commission to issue directions
and instructions to deal with various aspects of the preparation/revision of
electoral rolls and the conduct of elections and leave all such matters of detail to
be dealt with by the Commission. Pursuant thereto, the Commission has issued a
plethora of directions and instructions which have been consolidated by the
Commission in various compendia and the handbooks for the Electoral
Registration Officers, Returning Officers, Presiding Officers, candidates, polling
agents and counting agents.
The laws enacted by Parliament and supplemented by the Rules and by the
Commission’s directions and instructions there under have come for scrutiny of
the Supreme Court in several important matters from time to time and a significant
contribution to supplement those laws and to reform the electoral system have
been made by the Apex Court. To give a few important examples, the Supreme
Court in the case of Mohinder Singh Gill vs. Chief Election Commissioner (AIR 1978
SC 851) laid down that the Election Commission, being a creature of the
Constitution, can supplement the laws made by the Parliament wherever the
enacted law did not make a sufficient provision to deal with a situation arising in
the course of the conduct of elections in a vast democracy like ours. It is in the
exercise of such powers, that the Commission is enforcing the Model Code of
Conduct which is a unique contribution to the cause of free and fair elections by
the political parties themselves. Again, in the case of People’s Union for Civil
Liberties (AIR 2003 SC 2363), the Supreme Court mandated that every candidate
contesting an election to Parliament or a State Legislature must furnish, on
affidavit, all details with regard to his criminal antecedents, if any, his assets and
liabilities as also of his spouse and dependent children, as well as his educational
qualifications so that electors, the ultimate rulers in democracy, can make an
informed choice while electing their representatives. Further, in the case
of Resurgence India [LAWS(SC)-2013-9-35], the Supreme Court has recently laid
down that if any candidate fails to furnish the requisite information in the
abovementioned affidavit, dispute being reminded by the returning officer to do
so, his nomination paper will be liable to be rejected by the returning officer at the
time of scrutiny of his nomination papers. Another significant contribution to the
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election law made by the Supreme Court has come in the case of People’s Union for
Civil Liberties[LAWS(SC)-2013-9-87], that a voter has a right to express his dis-
satisfaction with all the candidates in the constituency and to caste a negative
vote. To operationalise this judgment of the Supreme Court, the Election
Commission has provided an additional button on the voting machines with the
inscription ‘NOTA’ (Note of the above) by pressing which the voter has a right to
express that he does not wish to vote for any of the candidate. This enables the
voters to express their desire in secrecy but the law does not say that if the number
of votes recorded for the NOTA option is more than the highest number of votes
recorded by any of the candidates, it will adversely affect his election. In yet
another landmark judgment in the case of Dr. Subramanian Swamy [LAWS(SC)-
2013-10-20], the Apex Court held that the Electronic Voting Machines should have
the provision for Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) so that when a voter
cast his vote, a paper slip is printed showing the name and symbol of the candidate
for whom he has recorded his vote. This will enable the voter to satisfy himself
that the vote cast by him has been properly recorded and accounted for the
candidate of his choice.
by S.K.Mendiratta , Legal Advisor, Election Commission of India
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Chapter 17
Expenditure Monitoring Mechanism
The Election Commission conducts the elections to the office of the President, Vice
President, Parliament and the State Assemblies. As per Article 324 of the
Constitution, the commission is vested with the power of Superintendence,
direction and control of elections.
It is a well-known fact that without money, multi-party democracy cannot
function, however ‘Money Power’ involves certain risks like:
1. Uneven Playing field and lack of fair competition, 2. Political Exclusion ie: Certain sectors face disadvantage, 3. Co-Opted politicians under campaign debts, 4. Tainted Governance and Rule of Law undermined.
The Commission is seriously engaged in curbing the influence of money power
in elections, during General elections to Assembly / Parliamentary constituencies.
The Election Commission has formulated a robust mechanism for monitoring
election expenditure, which was first implemented during General Election to
Legislative Assembly of Bihar in 2010. This monitoring mechanism was
subsequently implemented effectively and systematically from 2010 to 2013 in
the Assembly/ Bye- Elections in the States of West Bengal, Assam, Kerala, Tamil
Nadu, Puducherry, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur, Goa, Andhra
Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura,
Karnataka, Rajasthan, NCT of Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Mizoram.
These measures have resulted in huge cash interception / seizures during the
Assembly elections totaling to approximately 215 crore rupees.
The following are the main features of the Election Expenditure Monitoring:
1. Opening of a separate bank account by each contesting candidate for incurring all major election expenses through cheque / demand draft drawn on this bank account only.
2. A complaint-monitoring cell in each district with 24X7 toll free number to receive complaint from the public.
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3. Flying Squads, Quick Response Teams, Static Surveillance Teams headed by Executive Magistrates are formed in each constituency to track illegal cash transaction or any distribution liquor or any items for bribing/ inducement of the voters and to attend to all complains of election expenditure.
4. All airports in the State, major railway stations, hotels, farm houses, ‘hawala’ agents, financial brokers, cash couriers, pawn brokers and other suspicious agencies/persons engaged in movement of cash are to be kept under close surveillance by the Income Tax Department and necessary action to be taken as per the provisions of the Income Tax Act.
5. Monitoring of suspicious cash withdrawal from any bank account during election process.
6. Expenditure Observers are appointed for each district with senior officers from Income Tax Department, Customs & Central Excise Department and other finance & accounts services from outside the State to oversee the election expenditure by the candidates during election.
7. Assistant Expenditure Observers are appointed for each constituency, to assist the Expenditure Observers.
8. Shadow Observation Register is maintained in each constituency for each candidate to record major expenses observed during the election.
9. Video Surveillance Team is constituted with camera persons and Govt. officials in each team to videograph major election campaign expenses.
10. Accounting Team is constituted in each constituency to maintain Shadow Observation Register and the folder of evidence.
11. Media Certification and Media Expenditure Monitoring Committee (MCMC) constituted to monitor both print and electronic media including cable network, social media etc. for election advertisement and suspected Paid News.
12. Campaign for Ethical Voting and to create awareness among voters not to accept any inducement in exchange of votes.
Election Expenditure monitoring mechanism has been adopted to curb the
misuse of money power during elections to ensure free and fair elections. The
following strategies are adopted:
i. Interpersonal communication is taken up through the State/ Govt. Of India units- Income Tax Dept. to track illegal cash, Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) and Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) to track drugs, Enforcement Directorate to track foreign Exchange, Police Dept. and Excise Dept. of the respective States to check other crimes related to bribery, terror, theft, narcotics, illegal liquor etc. and the abuse of money power in elections involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.
ii. A strict vigil is maintained over the movement of cash etc. through airports/ airstrips/ Helipads and a standard operating procedure (SOP) has been developed and implemented by the Bureau of Civil
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Aviation in consultation with the Commission. While the CISF is involved to keeps strict vigil at the airports of the poll going States to stop illegal movement of cash / bullion involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.
iii. The Ministry of Civil Aviation has been directed to operate Air Intelligence Units (AIU’s) in all the airports of the respective poll going states till the date of completion of elections so as to keep track of and report of any illegal movement of cash involving the candidate, his agent or any political party.
iv. The Govt. Of India unit like the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) has been requested to provide real time information on suspicious cash transactions in banks and to keep close watch on withdrawal of cash exceeding the specified limits from the Bank Accounts in poll going States.
v. BSF and SSB has been requested to keep strict vigil over movement of illegal items, cash etc. through international borders of poll going States meant to influence voters.
vi. The cases of candidates, who have not filed correct election Expenditure statements, have been processed for disqualification under section 10A of the R.P. Act, 1951.
The above measures have gone a long way in curbing pernicious effect of money
power during the general elections held in the last four years. There is still a lot of
distance to be covered in this regard to eliminate the deep seated malady and the
intelligentsia, Media civil society organizations should all join hands with Election
Commission of India to create general awareness against the use of Money Power
during elections.
by P.K.Dash , Director General, Election Commission of India
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Chapter 18
SVEEP - For Making Elections Inclusive
“We, the citizens of India, having abiding faith in democracy, hereby pledge to uphold the
democratic traditions of our country and the dignity of free, fair and peaceful elections, and to
vote in every election fearlessly and without being influenced by considerations of religion, race,
caste, community, language or any inducement”.
- a pledge, which gained popularity among newly eligible voters in India during the
past three years, changed the attitude of young India towards elections, thanks to
SVEEP (Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral Participation) initiatives by
Election Commission of India (ECI).
Being a landmark initiative by ECI, SVEEP has stimulated every aspect of
election processes to ensure enhanced voters’ participation in the polling. During
the last three years, voter registration, especially among youth, has gone up from
10-15 percent to 30-35 percent and almost all the state assembly elections held
since 2010, recorded high voter turnout with greater participation from youth and
women.
BACKGROUND
Voter registration and electorate education are central to the election
management process. However, qualitatively and quantitatively voter
participation in India is still far from the ideal of participatory democracy. There
is lot of gap between what the voters ‘should know’ and what they ‘actually know’
in important areas like registration, Electors’ Photo Identity Card (EPIC)/ identity
proofs, Polling Station location, use of EVMs, timings of the poll, do’s & don’ts with
regard to Model Code of Conduct, use of money/ muscle and liquor power by
candidates or their associates to influence vulnerable sections of electorate. More
so, as has been observed, voter awareness does not always convert into voters
actually casting their vote. To achieve the objectives of increasing voter awareness
and voter turnout the election commission has taken a major step in the form of
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Systematic Voter’s Education and Electoral participation (SVEEP) programme
to inform, educate, motivate and facilitate voters and in turn make Indian
democracy more participative and meaningful.
TAKEOFF
With a sense of urgency to highlight the issue of low electoral awareness and low
voter turnout issue, ECI chose the theme, “Greater Participation for a Stronger
Democracy” for its Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 2010. It is in same year the
journey of the nation’s biggest voter participation programme - SVEEP - began
with Bihar Assembly elections. In simple terms, SVEEP is a range of policy
initiatives and activities intend to improve people’s participation in the electoral
process. Since then it has been taking up activities to remove gaps in information,
motivation and facilitation and in turn increase voter turnout in elections to
Legislative Assemblies to many states. There were planned IEC (Information,
Education and Communication) interventions in the Jharkhand elections of end-
2009 and subsequently carried forward in the form of SVEEP (Systematic Voters’
Education and Electoral Participation) in Bihar Assembly elections of 2010 and
assembly elections of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Assam, West Bengal and UT of
Puducherry in 2011. This continued for the 5 State elections of UP, Goa, Punjab,
Uttarakhand and Manipur and again in the twin general elections in Himachal
Pradesh and Gujarat in 2012 and elections to NE states of Tripura, Meghalaya and
Nagaland in early 2013.
REVEALING THE OBSTACLES
Voters’ Behaviour Surveys were carried out as part of SVEEP. These surveys
revealed the underlying reasons for under registration, problems in getting
duplicate EPIC, correcting names on voter list and various information gaps and
low voter turn-out. Moreover, the surveys also try to map the demographics of
elector-segments with lower electoral participation.
TARGETED INTERVENTION
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It was observed that the youth and women
constitute a major part of the people who do not
cast their vote. In order to improve participation
of all sections of electorate, ECI decided to bridge
the gap in information and motivation, and also
simultaneously made interventions to make the
process of enrolment - easier and convenient and
the voting experience - people friendly. ECI also
creatively engaged with people to enthuse them
to join the electoral process.
IMPLEMENTATION
The Systematic Voter Education and Electoral Participation Wing formulates
policies, lays down the framework, plans interventions and monitors
implementation besides carrying out continuous discourse with voting publics,
civil society groups and media. SVEEP comprise of a plethora of systematic
interventions for Information, Motivation and Facilitation (IMF) measures to
involve the people in the electoral process. They broadly include situation analysis,
systematic planning and implementation of targeted interventions (on IMF model)
based on the situation analysis, mid programme review and monitoring and end
term review. The communication interventions include multi-media and inter-
personal communication, physical events and innovative activities for
mobilization of people/community and voter Facilitation. Realizing the
intricacies in bringing out a behavioural change among people, ECI emphasized on
social orientation and collaborative approach in the whole process of SVEEP.
Formulation of State and District level SVEEP plans
ECI also initiated some internal organizational changes in the state level and
constituted state and district level core groups to coordinate and implement all
SVEEP activities. The State Level Plans and District Level Plans are to be
formulated for the whole year with intense sub plans for election period. The plans
are to be in conformity with national framework, laid out by the Commission, but
allowing for due flexibility and credibility at every level.
Collaborations
Voter should be aware of:
Voter registration
EPIC/Identity proofs
Polling station location
Use of EVMs
Timing of the poll
Do’s and don’ts with regards
to Model Code of Conduct
Use of money, muscle and
liquor power by candidate or
their associate to influence
electorate
How to file complaints
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The Election Commission collaborated with educational institutions and youth
organizations like NYKS, NSS, NCC to particularly tap the new voters in the age
group of 18-19yrs, promote greater awareness amongst youth and students about
electoral process and to seek their assistance in facilitating voter registration. It
also collaborated with Central and State Government Departments like the
departments of health, education, WCD, Cooperatives, Welfare etc., so that these
departments can extend their existing infrastructure and manpower (field
functionaries) for electoral education and outreach. Collaboration with
Government and private media as well as Civil Society and credible NGOs for
increasing people’s awareness regarding electoral participation has also helped in
creating voter awareness.
In 2013 ECI signed a MoU with NLMA (National Literacy Mission Authority) after
which electoral literacy has become a major component of the Sakshar Bharat
Programme of the Government of India. ECI and UNDP also have an MoU in the
field of Voter education. Campus Ambassadors have now been introduced (since
December 2013) who would be a student in the campus and act as ambassador of
the Commission and facilitate the SVEEP programme in the educational campuses.
Now even private media houses and Corporates are joining in and extending
support in the SVEEP programme of the ECI.
Facilitation as Part of Strategy of SVEEP
SVEEP initiated new measures relate to voter facilitation in areas of registration,
issuing voter identity cards and suggests ways and means to make the election
process voter friendly. These initiatives include Voters’ Helplines in all districts,
searching name in the Voter list through internet and SMS, Voters’ Facilitation
Booths, Ideal Polling booths, EVM familarisation camps, Voter Slip, Expanding the
I-Card basket i.e., making other identity proofs (apart from EPIC) as a valid proof
for voting.
National Voters’ Day
In order to reach out the mass, ECI initiated a practice to celebrate the National
Voters’ Day on its foundation day, 25th January, in 2011. It is considered to be a
significant step among the various SVEEP initiatives. It is being observed every
year with the objective of increasing enrolment of voters to make universal adult
suffrage a complete reality. With the aim to give the younger generation a sense of
responsible citizenship and to encourage them to exercise their new franchise, ECI
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felicitates all the newly eligible registered voters in over 8 lakh polling station
areas as part of the National Voters’ Day observance. They are handed over their
Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) and a badge with the slogan “Proud to be a
Voter-Ready to Vote”. They also take an oath to strengthen democracy by taking
part in the elections. Since 2011 the National Voters Day is being celebrated with
great enthusiasm across the country along with a series of outreach measures like
symposiums, cycle rally, human chain, folk arts programmes, mini-marathon,
competitions and awareness seminars.
Other measures
Identifying the ability of the popular icons to establish authentic connection with the masses, ECI appointed
national and state icons from various fields to boost the awareness programme and motivate the voters.
Former Indian President Dr. A P J Abdul Kalam, M S Dhoni, Saina Nehwal and M C Mary Kom are the national
icons, besides many more celebrities are the state icons and involved in these SVEEP initiatives.
Table 1: Comparison of polling percentage of the State Assembly elections held after 2010 to the
previous ones
Sl. No. State Year of
Election
Polling Percentage
Male Female Total
1 Assam 2006 76.49 74.89 75.77
2011 76.85 74.94 75.92
2 Bihar 2005 - - 45.85
2010 51.12 54.49 52.67
3 Goa 2007 69.70 70.30 70.51
2012 78.86 84.57 81.73
4 Gujarat 2007 62.31 57.02 59.77
2012 72.94 69.50 71.30
5 Himachal Pradesh 2007 68.36 74.01 71.61
2012 69.39 76.20 72.69
6 Jharkhand 2004 --- --- 57.03
2009 59.13 54.53 56.96
National Voters’ Day 25th
January
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7 Karnataka 2008 66.20 63.10 64.68
2013 71.84 70.1 71.00
8 Kerala 2006 73.17 71.08 72.38
2011 75.08 74.78 74.92
9 Manipur 2007 85.88 86.82 86.73
2012 76.94 81.36 79.19
10 Meghalaya 2008 88.62 89.36 88.99
2013 85.17 88.44 86.82
11 Nagaland 2013 89.09 91.33 90.19
2008 85.99 86.39 86.19
12 Punjab 2007 75.36 75.47 75.45
2012 77.58 78.90 78.20
13 Pondicherry 2006 84.48 86.29 86.00
2011 83.97 86.97 85.52
14 Tamil Nadu 2006 72.41 68.75 70.82
2011 77.53 78.51 78.01
15 Tripura 2008 90.74 91.72 91.22
2013 90.73 92.94 91.82
16 Uttar Pradesh 2007 49.35 41.92 45.96
2012 58.68 60.28 59.40
17 Uttarakhand 2007 58.95 59.45 59.45
2012 64.41 68.12 66.17
18 West Bengal 2006 82.34 80.75 81.97
2011 84.22 84.45 84.33
19 Rajasthan 2008 67.10 65.31 66.25
2013 74.92 75.52 75.20
20 Chhattisgarh 2008 71.80 69.20 70.51
2013 77.37 77.21 77.32
21 Delhi 2008 58.34 56.62 57.58
2013 65.98 65.13 65.60
22 Madhya Pradesh 2008 72.30 65.91 69.28
2013 73.95 70.11 72.66
23 Mizoram 2008 78.77 81.24 80.02
2013 80.3 82.2 81.2
Media and non-media units, folk cultural groups, cable networks, marathons,
rallies, human chains, exhibition, hoardings, posters, pamphlets, leaflets, cinema
slides, street plays, magic shows are utilized with good effect.
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ECI has also been getting enthusiastic support of a range of governmental and non-
governmental organizations, civil society and media in enlisting citizen’s
participation in the electoral process. In some states it has trained a band of
volunteers who took the message to the masses.
Information at Your Fingertips!
One of the greatest advancements of the modern day technology is the penetration
of internet into our life. Keeping pace with changing time, ECI revived its website
to provide all kind of information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner.
Social media is being used at district and state level for enhancing voter awareness
and increasing voter turnout increasing polling percentage. Most of the state chief
electoral offices own face book pages for reaching out techno-savvy young voters.
The facility for online registration of voters is the only system in India where one
can get an identity card, i.e., Elector Photo Identity Cards (EPIC) without visiting a
government office. The website also provides various other services like ‘changing
the demographic details online’, and ‘tracking one’s application online’. The
success of this online system is evident from the figures coming from various
states; around 40 percent of new voter in Kerala and about 30 percent in Delhi,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka have obtained the EPIC through this system.
SVEEP in a nutshell
Voters’ Behaviour Survey Formulation of State and District level SVEEP
plans Personnel for State level State and District level core groups Collaboration with Government departments
Collaboration with CSOs, Media and organisations
National Voters Day Identification of National and State Icons
The Way Forward
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The objective of any voter education programme is to make relevant information
available and accessible to public. If the campaign achieves universal coverage of
the electorate it will be a great success for democracy. Under the banner of SVEEP,
a series of outreach measures like marathons, rallies, processions, quiz
competitions, film screening, declamation contests, street play, SMSes and
helplines were conducted so far to promote voting. The gaps in the electoral
process like youth disconnect, urban apathy and subdued ethical voting campaign
are being filled by SVEEP activities while the areas like NRI registration, service
voters low participation, migrant voters need more ECI interventions. ECI is
constantly engaging to evolve programmes that can explore the in-depth
correlation between the strength of an individual’s vote and their empowerment.
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Chapter 19
Indelible Ink: Mark on finger, A moment of Pride
Indelible Ink is popularly known as Voter's
Ink to mark on voter’s finger during
elections to avoid fraudulent, multiple
voting & malpractices. It is not an ordinary
ink, once it is applied on the finger it remains
for few months.
The credibility of producing the special ink
goes to the Mysore Paints and Varnish
Limited (MPVL) the Govt. of Karnataka
undertaking, which is supplying this ink to India and various foreign countries.
In India it has been a great challenge for the government and the election
commission to hold and complete the process of general elections. In achieving
this and to eliminate the fake voting, the election commission has introduced a
measure, i.e. using Indelible Ink which is put on the left hand finger nail of the
voter. The Indelible Ink cannot be removed by any chemical, detergents or oil, it
remains for few months.
Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited (MPVL) specialized in manufacturing and
supply of quality Indelible Ink, in association with the Election Commission of
India, National Physical Laboratory, and National Research Development
Corporation. It is the sole authorized supplier of this type of foolproof Indelible Ink
in India having exclusive license granted by National Research Development
Corporation (NRDC), New Delhi since 1962.
Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd., was established during 1937 by late Nalwadi
Krishnaraja Wodeyar, Then the Maharaja of Mysore province under the
nomenclature “Mysore Lac & Paint Works Ltd”. During 1989, it was renamed
as “Mysore Paints & Varnish Ltd In 1962, the Election Commission in collaboration
with Union Law Ministry, The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and NRDC made
an agreement with Mysore Paints and Varnish Ltd., for supplying this ink for the
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Parliament, Assembly and other general elections to all the states in India.
Beginning with 1962 general elections it has been supplying indelible ink for
Elections in India.
Apart from supplying indelible ink to Indian elections, Mysore Paints & Varnish
Ltd has been exporting the Ink to 28 countries across the world since 1976, to
name some few countries are: Turkey, South Africa, Nigeria, Nepal, Ghana, Papua-
New Guinea, Burkina Faso, Canada, Togo, Sierra Leone, Malaysia, Cambodia etc.
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Chapter 20
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT & ITS EVOLUTION
Free and fair elections form the bed rock of democracy. This envisages a level playing field for the contestants and an equal opportunity for all parties for presenting their policies and programmes to voters. In this context the Model Code of conduct gains relevance. The MCC intends to provide a level playing field for all political parties, keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts between parties, and ensure peace and order. It aims to ensure that the ruling party, either at the Centre or in the states, does not misuse its official position to gain an unfair advantage in an election. This instrument is a major contribution of Indian electoral system to the cause of democracy.
The MCC is a set of norms for conduct and behavior on the part of the Parties
and candidates, in particular. The uniqueness of the MCC is the fact that this was a document that originated and evolved with the consensus of the political parties. The origin of the MCC dates back to 1960 when the MCC started as a small set of Dos and Don’ts for the Assembly election in Kerala in 1960. The Code covered conducting of election meetings/processions, speeches, slogans, posters and placards (CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). In 1962 Lok Sabha General Elections, the Commission circulated this code to all the recognized political parties and the State Governments were requested to secure the acceptance of the Code by the Parties. (CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). Report received after the 1962 general election showed that the Code was followed by and large. In 1967, the Code was followed in the Lok Sabha and Assembly elections.(CEC-Shri K.V.K.Sundaram). Evolution of the MCC and its implementation since 1967:
In 1968, the Election Commission held meetings with political parties at State level and circulated the Code of Conduct to observe minimum standard of behavior to ensure free and fair elections. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)
In 1971-72, during General Election to the House of the People/State Legislative Assemblies the Commission circulated the Code again. (CEC-Shri S.P. Sen Verma)
At the time of general elections to some State Assemblies in 1974, the Commission issued the code of conduct to the political parties in those States. The Commission also suggested constituting committees at district level headed by the District Collector and comprising representatives of political parties as members for considering cases of violation of the code and ensuring its compliance by all parties and candidates.
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For the 1977 Lok Sabha general election, the Code was again circulated to the political parties. (CEC-Shri T. Swaminathan).
In 1979, Election Commission, in consultation with the political parties further amplified the code, adding a new Section placing restrictions on the “Party in power” so as to prevent cases of abuse of position of power to get undue advantage over other parties and candidates. (CEC-Shri S.L.Shakhdar)
In 1991, the code was consolidated and re-issued in its present form. (CEC-Shri T.N.Seshan).
The present code contains guidelines for general conduct of political parties and candidates (no attack on private life, no appeal to communal feelings, discipline and decorum in meetings, processions, guidelines for party in power – official machinery and facilities not to be used for electioneering, prohibition against Ministers and other authorities in announcing grants, new schemes etc).
Ministers and those holding public offices are not allowed to combine official visits with electioneering tours.
Issue of advertisements at the cost of public exchequer is prohibited. Grants, new schemes / projects cannot be announced. Even the schemes that
may have been announced before the MCC came into force, but that has not actually taken off in terms of implementation on field are also required to be put on hold.
It is through such restrictions that the advantage of being in power is blunted and the contestants get the opportunity to fight on more or less equal terms.
MCC has got the judicial recognition of the highest court of land. The dispute over the date when the Model Code of Conduct should come into force -- the issuance of the press release by EC announcing the poll dates or the date of actual notification in this regard was resolved in the Union of India Vs. Harbans Sigh Jalal and Others [SLP (Civil) No.22724 of 1997)] decided on 26.04.2001. The apex court gave the ruling that the Code of Conduct would come into force the moment the Commission issues the press release, which precedes the notification by a good two weeks. This ruling lay at rest the controversy related to the dates of enforcement of MCC. Thus the MCC remains in force from the date of announcement of elections till the completion of elections.
Legal Status for Model Code: views of the Election Commission
There is an opinion in certain quarters for providing legal status to MCC. The Election Commission has, however, taken a stand against granting of such status to MCC. According to the Commission bringing the MCC on the statute book will only be counter-productive. In our country, elections are conducted within a very limited time span according to a well laid down schedule. Normally, a general election in a State is completed in about 45 days, from the day of announcement of the election schedule by the Commission. Thus, the expedition and promptness in dealing with the cases of violation of the model code of conduct is of the essence. If no timely action is taken to curb the violations and against the violators of the model code during the limited period when the election process is on, the whole
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significance of the MCC would be lost and the violator would be able to reap the benefit of such violation. If the model code of conduct is converted into a law, this would mean that a complaint would lie to the police/Magistrate. The procedures involved in judicial proceedings being what they are, a decision on such complaints would most likely come only long after the election is completed.
MCC is not a hindrance to Developmental activities
One often gets to hear the complaint that the MCC is coming in the way of developmental activities. However, even during the short period when MCC is in operation, the ongoing development activities are not stopped and are allowed to proceed unhindered, and only the new projects, etc. which have not taken off on the ground that have to be deferred till the completion of elections. If there is any work that cannot wait for any reason (relief work on account of any calamity, etc), the matter can be referred to the Commission for clearance. It is apt to refer to the following passage from a very recent Judgment (dated 16.02.2012) of the Allahabad High Court (Lucknow Bench) in Writ Petition No. 1361 of 2012 (Dr. Nutan Thakur Vs. Election Commission of India):
‘It shall not be out of place to mention that after election, peoples’
representatives discharge their obligation almost for a period of five years.
The elections are held at the fag end of their tenure unless the assembly or
Parliament is suspended or dissolved earlier. While holding the office, it is
always obligatory on the part of the peoples’ representative to discharge their
obligation honestly and fairly to serve the nation. In case they failed to
discharge their obligation during their entire term while in office or in
opposition, then making statement as a measure of allurement or
appeasement to the peoples after issuance of Election Notification, shall be
nothing but an instance of unfair practice on their part.’
Model code of conduct for political parties and candidates:
1. General Conduct
(1) No party or candidate shall include in any activity which may aggravate
existing differences or create mutual hatred or cause tension between different
castes and communities, religious or linguistic.
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(2) Criticism of other political parties, when made, shall be confined to their
policies and programme, past record and work. Parties and Candidates shall
refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with the public
activities of the leaders or workers of other parties. Criticism of other parties or
their workers based on unverified allegations or distortion shall be avoided.
(3) There shall be no appeal to caste or communal feelings for securing votes.
Mosques, Churches, Temples or other places of worship shall not be used as forum
for election propaganda.
(4) All parties and candidates shall avoid scrupulously all activities which are
“corrupt practices” and offences under the election law, such as bribing of voters,
intimidation of voters, impersonation of voters, canvassing within 100 meters of
polling stations, holding public meetings during the period of 48 hours ending with
the hour fixed for the close of the poll, and the transport and conveyance of voters
to and from polling station.
(5) The right of every individual for peaceful and undisturbed home-life shall be
respected, however much the political parties or candidates may resent his
political opinions or activities. Organising demonstrations or picketing before the
houses of individuals by way of protesting against their opinions or activities shall
not be resorted to under any circumstances.
(6) No political party or candidate shall permit its or his followers to make use of
any individual’s land, building, compound wall etc., without his permission for
erecting flag-staffs, suspending banners, pasting notices, writing slogans etc.
(7) Political parties and candidates shall ensure that their supporters do not create
obstructions in or break up meetings and processions organized by other parties.
Workers or sympathizers of one political party shall not create disturbances at
public meetings organized by another political party by putting questions orally
or in writing or by distributing leaflets of their own party. Processions shall not be
taken out by one party along places at which meetings are held by another party.
Posters issued by one party shall not be removed by workers of another party.
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II. Meetings
(1) The party or candidate shall inform the local police authorities of the venue
and time any proposed meeting well in time so as to enable the police to make
necessary arrangements for controlling traffic and maintaining peace and order.
(2) A Party or candidate shall ascertain in advance if there is any restrictive or
prohibitory order in force in the place proposed for the meeting if such orders
exist, they shall be followed strictly. If any exemption is required from such orders,
it shall be applied for and obtained well in time.
(3) If permission or license is to be obtained for the use of loudspeakers or any
other facility in connection with any proposed meeting, the party or candidate
shall apply to the authority concerned well in advance and obtain such permission
or license.
(4) Organizers of a meeting shall invariably seek the assistance of the police on
duty for dealing with persons disturbing a meeting or otherwise attempting to
create disorder. Organisers themselves shall not take action against such persons.
III. Procession
(1) A Party or candidate organizing a procession shall decide beforehand the time
and place of the starting of the procession, the route to be followed and the time
and place at which the procession will terminate. There shall ordinary be on
deviation from the programme.
(2) The organizers shall give advance intimation to the local police authorities of
the programme so as to enable the letter to make necessary arrangement.
(3) The organisers shall ascertain if any restrictive orders are in force in the
localities through which the procession has to pass, and shall comply with the
restrictions unless exempted specially by the competent authority. Any traffic
regulations or restrictions shall also be carefully adhered to.
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(4) The organisers shall take steps in advance to arrange for passage of the
procession so that there is no block or hindrance to traffic. If the procession is very
long, it shall be organised in segments of suitable lengths, so that at convenient
intervals, especially at points where the procession has to pass road junctions, the
passage of held up traffic could be allowed by stages thus avoiding heavy traffic
congestion.
(5) Processions shall be so regulated as to keep as much to the right of the road as
possible and the direction and advice of the police on duty shall be strictly
complied with.
(6) If two or more political parties or candidates propose to take processions over
the same route or parts thereof at about the same time, the organisers shall
establish contact well in advance and decide upon the measures to be taken to see
that the processions do not clash or cause hindrance to traffic. The assistance of
the local police shall be availed of for arriving at a satisfactory arrangement. For
this purpose the parties shall contact the police at the earliest opportunity.
(7) The political parties or candidates shall exercise control to the maximum
extent possible in the matter of processionists carrying articles which may be put
to misuse by undesirable elements especially in moments of excitement.
(8) The carrying of effigies purporting to represent member of other political
parties or their leaders, burning such effigies in public and such other forms
demonstration shall not be countenanced by any political party or candidate.
IV. Polling Day
All Political parties and candidates shall –
(i) co-operate with the officers on election duty to ensure peaceful and orderly
polling and complete freedom to the voters to exercise their franchise without
being subjected to any annoyance or obstruction.
(ii) supply to their authorized workers suitable badges or identity cards;
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(iii) agree that the identity slip supplied by them to voters hall be on plain (white)
paper and shall not contain any symbol, name of the candidate or the name of the
party;
(iv) refrain from serving or distributing liquor on polling day and during the
twenty- four hours preceding it ;
( v) not allow unnecessary crowd to be collected near the camps set up by the
political parties and candidates near the polling booths so as to avoid
Confrontation and tension among workers and sympathizers of the parties and the
candidate;
(vi) ensure that the candidate’s camps shall be simple .The shall not display any
posters, flags, symbols or any other propaganda material. No eatable shall be
served or crowd allowed at the camps; and
(vii) co-operate with the authorities in complying with the restrictions to be
imposed on
the plying of vehicles on the polling day and obtain permits for them which should
be displayed prominently on those vehicles.
V. Polling Booth
Excepting the voters, no one without a valid pass from the Election Commission
shall enter the polling booths.
VI. Observers
The Election Commission is appointing Observers. If the candidates or their agents
have any
specific complaint or problem regarding the conduct of elections they may bring
the same to the notice of the Observer.
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VII. Party in Power
The party in power whether at the Centre or in the State or States concerned, shall
ensure that no cause is given for any complaint that it has used its official position
for the purposes of its election campaign and in particular –
(i) (a) The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with electioneering work
and shall not also make use of official machinery or personnel during the
electioneering work;
(b) Government transport including official air-crafts, vehicles, machinery and
personnel shall not be used for furtherance of the interest of the party in
power;
(ii) Public places such as maidans etc., for holding election meetings, and use of
helipads for air-flights in connection with elections shall not be monopolized by
itself. Other parties and candidates shall be allowed the use of such places and
facilities on the same terms and conditions on which they are used by the party in
power;
(iii) Rest houses, dark bungalows or other Government accommodation shall not
be monopolized by the party in power or its candidates and such accommodation
shall be allowed to be used by other parties and candidates in a fair manner but no
party or candidate shall use or be allowed to use such accommodation (including
premises appertaining thereto) as a campaign office or for holding any public
meeting for the purposes of election propaganda;
(iv) Issue of advertisement at the cost of public exchequer in the newspapers and
other media and the misuse of official mass media during the election period for
partisan coverage of political news and publicity regarding achievements with a
view to furthering the prospects of the party in power shall be scrupulously
avoided.
(v) Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction grants/payments out of
discretionary funds from the time elections are announced by the Commission;
and
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(vi) From the time elections are announced by Commission, Ministers and other
authorities shall not –
(a) announce any financial grants in any form or promises thereof; or
(b) (except civil servants) lay foundation stones etc. of projects or schemes of
any kind; or
(c) make any promise of construction of roads, provision of drinking water
facilities etc.; or
(d) make any ad-hoc appointments in Government, Public Undertakings etc.
which may have the effect of influencing the voters in favour of the party in
power.
Note: The Commission shall announce the date of any election which shall be a
date ordinarily not more than three weeks prior to the date on which the
notification is likely to be issued in respect of such elections.
(vii) Ministers of Central or State Government shall not enter any polling station
or place of counting except in their capacity as a candidate or voter or authorized
agent.
VIII Guidelines on Election Manifestos #
1' The supreme court in its judgment dated 5th July2013 in SLP(C) No. 21455 of
2008 (S. Subramaniam Balaii vs Govt. of Tamil Nadu and others) has directed
the Election commission to frame guidelines with regard to the contents of
election manifestos in consultation with all the recognized political parties. The
guiding principles Which will lead to framing of such guidelines are quoted
below from the judgment:-
( i) "Although, the law is obvious that the promises in the election manifesto
cannot be construed as ,corrupt practice, under section 123 of RP Act, the
reality cannot be ruled out that distribution of freebies of any kind,
undoubtedly, influences all people, it shakes the root of free and fair elections
to a large degree.”
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( ii) "The Election commission, in order to ensure level playing field between the
contesting parties and candidates in elections and also in order to see that the
purity of the election process does not get vitiated, ‘as in past been issuing
instructions under the Model code of conduct. The fountain head of the
powers under which the commission issues these orders is Article 324 of the
Constitution which mandates the commission to hold free and fair elections.”
(iii) “We are mindful of the fact that generally political parties release their
election manifesto before the announcement of election date, in that scenario,
strictly speaking, the Election commission will not have the authority to
regulate any act which is done before the announcement of the date.
Nevertheless, an exception can be made in this regard as the purpose of
election manifesto is directly associated with the election process".
.
2. Upon receiving the above directions of the Hon,ble Supreme Court, the Election
Commission held a meeting with the recognized National and state political
parties for consultation with them in the matter and took note of their
conflicting views in the matter.
During consultations, while some political parties supported the issuance of
such guidelines, others were of the view that it is their right and duty towards
voters to make such offers and promises in manifestos in a healthy democratic
polity. While the commission agrees in principle with the point of view that
framing of manifestos is the right of the political parties, it cannot overlook the
undesirable impact of some of the promises and offers on the conduct of free
and fair elections and maintaining level
playing field for all political parties and candidates.
3. The constitution under Article 324 mandates the Election commission, to
conduct elections inter alia to the parliament and the State Legislatures. Having
due regard to the above directions of the Supreme Court and after consultation
with the Political parties the Commission, in the interest of free and fair
elections , hereby directs that political parties and Candidates while releasing
election manifestos for any election to the parliament or State Legislatures, shall
adhere to the following guidelines:-
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(i). The election manifesto shall not contain anything repugnant to the ideals and
principles enshrined in the constitution and further that it shall be consistent
with the letter and spirit of other provisions of Model Code of Conduct.
(ii). The Directive Principles of state policy enshrined in the constitution enjoin
upon the state to frame various welfare measures for the citizens and therefore
there can be no objection to the promise of such welfare measures in election
manifestos. However,
political parties should avoid making those promises which are likely to vitiate
the purity of the election process or exert undue influence on the voters in
exercising their franchise.
(iii) In the interest of transparency, level playing field and credibility of promises,
it is expected that manifestos also reflect the rationale for the promises and.
broadly indicate the ways and means to meet the financial requirements for it.
Trust of voters should be sought only on those promises which are possible to
be fulfilled.
# the Commission added Part VIII on 19th February,2014 following the Judgment dated 5.7.2013 of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in SLP ( C) No. 21455 of 2008 and TC No. 112 of ?011 -S.Subramaniam Balaji Vs. Govt. of TN& Others.
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Chapter 20 A
MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT – FAQs
Q 1. What is the Model Code of Conduct?
Ans. The Model Code of Conduct for guidance of political parties and
candidates is a set of norms which has been evolved with the
consensus of political parties who have consented to abide by the
principles embodied in the said code and also binds them to respect
and observe it in its letter and spirit.
Q 2. What is the need for such a code of conduct?
Ans: It is intended to provide a level playing field for all political parties to
keep the campaign fair and healthy, avoid clashes and conflicts
between parties and ensure peace and order. Its main aim is to ensure
that the ruling party, either at the centre or in the states does not
misuse its official position to gain an unfair advantage in an election.
Similarly effects of money and muscle power are also minimized.
Q 3. What is the role of Election Commission in the matter?
Ans. The Election Commission ensures its observance by political party(ies)
in power, including ruling parties at the Centre and in the States and
contesting candidates in the discharge of its constitutional duties for
conducting the free, fair and peaceful elections to the Parliament and
the State Legislatures under Article 324 of the Constitution of India. It
is also ensured that official machinery for the electoral purposes is not
misused. Further, it is also ensured that electoral offences,
malpractices and corrupt practices such as impersonation, bribing and
inducement of voters, threat and intimidation to the voters are
prevented by all means. In case of violation, appropriate measures are
taken.
Q 4. From which date the Model Code of Conduct is enforced and
operational upto which date?
Ans. The Model Code of Conduct is enforced from the date of
announcement of election schedule by the Election Commission and is
operational till the process of elections are completed.
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Q 5. What is applicability of code during general elections and bye-
elections?
Ans. a. During general elections to House of People (Lok Sabha), the code
is applicable throughout the country.
b. During general elections to the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan
Sabha), the code is applicable in the entire State.
c. During bye-elections, the code is applicable in the entire district or
districts in which the constituency falls.
Q 6. What are the salient features of the Model Code of Conduct?
Ans. The salient features of the Model Code of Conduct lay down how
political parties, contesting candidates and party(s) in power should
conduct themselves during the process of elections i.e. on their
general conduct during electioneering, holding meetings and
processions, poll day activities and functioning of the party in power
etc.
Q7. Whether a Minister can combine his official visit with
electioneering work?
Ans. No .The Ministers shall not combine their official visit with
electioneering work and shall not also make use of official machinery
or personnel during the electioneering work.
Q 8. Whether Govt. transport can be used for electioneering work?
Ans. No. No transport including official air-crafts, vehicles etc. shall be
used for furtherance of the interest of any party or a candidate.
Q 9. Whether Govt. can make transfers and postings of officials who
are related to election work?
Ans. There shall be a total ban on the transfer and posting of all
officers/officials directly or indirectly connected with the conduct of
the election. If any transfer or posting of an officer is considered
necessary, prior approval of the Commission shall be obtained.
Q 10. Is there any restriction on issue of advertisement at the cost of
public exchequer regarding achievements with a view to
furthering the prospects of the party in power?
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Ans. Yes .The advertisement regarding achievements of the party at the
cost of public exchequer in the print and electronic media and the
misuse of official mass media during the period of election is
prohibited.
Q 11. Whether hoardings/advertisements etc. depicting the
achievements of the party(s) in power at Centre/State
Governments at the cost of public exchequer can be continued?
Ans. No .All such hoardings, advertisements etc. on display shall be
removed forthwith by the concerned authorities. Further, no
advertisements should be issued in the newspapers and other media
including electronic media at the cost of public exchequer.
Q 12. Whether a Minister or any other authority can sanction grants/
payments out of discretionary funds?
Ans. No . Ministers and other authorities shall not sanction
grants/payments out of discretionary funds from the time elections
are announced
Q 13. What are the main guidelines for political parties/candidates
while making election campaign?
Ans. During the election campaign, no party or candidate shall indulge in
any activity which may aggravate existing differences or create
mutual hatred or cause tension between different castes and
communities, religious or linguistic. Further, criticism of other
political parties, when made, shall be confined to their policies and
programme, past record and work. Parties and candidates shall
refrain from criticism of all aspects of private life, not connected with
the public activities of the leaders or workers of other parties.
Criticism of other parties or their workers based on unverified
allegations or distortion shall be avoided.
Q 14. Are there any restrictions in using religious places for election
propaganda?
Ans. Yes .Religious places like Temple, Mosque, Church, Gurudwara or
other places of worship shall not be used as forum for election
propaganda. Further, there shall be no appeal to caste or communal
feelings for securing votes.
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Q 15. What happens if a candidate or party does not obey the Model
Code of Conduct (MCC)?
Ans: On such incident coming to the notice of the Election Commission,
the matter is examined after seeking inputs from the field. If necessary
notice /s is/are issued affording opportunity to explain one’s position. In
case the violation of MCC is found, candidate is censured, warned or
advised to be careful in future. Although MCC has no legal backing, the
ECI’s order on MCC has a far reaching impact on prospects of parties &
candidates at an elections.
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Chapter 21
EVM - Electronic Voting Machine
Free and fair elections are central to the democratic ethos of any country.
This includes fair, accurate, and transparent electoral process with outcomes that
can be independently verified. Conventional voting accomplishes many of these
goals. However, electoral malpractices like bogus voting and booth capturing pose
a serious threat to spirit of electoral democracy. It has, thus, been the endeavour
of the Election Commission of India to make reforms in the electoral process to
ensure free and fair elections. EVMs, devised and designed by Election Commission
of India in collaboration with two Public Sector undertakings viz., Bharat
Electronics Limited, Bangalore and Electronics Corporation of India Limited,
Hyderabad, is a major step in this direction.
Electronic Voting Machines ("EVM") are being used in Indian General and State
Elections to implement electronic voting in part from 1999 elections and in total
since 2004 elections. The EVMs reduce the time in both casting a vote and
declaring the results compared to the old paper ballot system. Bogus voting and
booth capturing can be greatly reduced by the use of EVMs. Illiterate people find
EVMs easier than ballot paper system. They are easier to transport the EVMs
compared to ballot boxes. EVM has become the leitmotif of the world's largest
democratic exercise and gets smarter with each avatar. Here is an attempt to
briefly trace the evolution of the EVM and its use in the world’s largest democracy.
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Chronological development of EVM
EVMs were first used in 50 polling stations of Parur Assembly Constituency of Kerala in May 1982.
These machines could not be used after 1983 after a Supreme Court ruling that necessitated legal backing for the use of Voting machines in elections. The law was amended by Parliament in December, 1988 and a new section 61A was inserted in the Representation of the People Act, 1951 empowering the Commission to use voting machines. The amended provision comes into force w.e.f. 15th March, 1989.
The matter regarding use of EVMs was referred by the Government of India to Electoral Reforms Committee, appointed by the Central Government in February, 1990 consisting of representatives of several recognized National and State parties.
An Expert Committee was constituted by the Govt. of India, consisting of Prof. S. Sampath, then Chairman RAC, Defence Research and Development Organization, with Prof. P.V. Indiresan, then with IIT, Delhi and Dr C. Rao Kasarabada, the Director Electronics Research and Development Centre, Trivandrum. In its report, the committee concluded that these machines are tamper-proof.
On 24th March, 1992, necessary amendment to the Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961 was notified by the Government in the Ministry of Law and Justice.
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The Commission again constituted Technical Expert Committee in December, 2005 comprising Prof. P.V. Indiresan, Prof. D.T. Shahani of IIT Delhi and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi to get the new version EVMs evaluated before finally accepting these machines for actual use in elections.
Subsequently, the Commission has been consulting a group of technical experts comprising Prof. (Late) P.V. Indiresan (member of the earlier committee), Prof. D.T. Shahani and Prof. A.K. Agarwala of IIT Delhi, on all EVM related technical issues. In November, 2010, the Commission has expanded its Technical Expert Committee by including two more experts, namely, Prof D.K. Sharma from Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT of Mumbai and Prof. Rajat Moona from Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT of Kanpur (now Director General, C-DAC).
Since, November 1998, EVMs have been using in each and every general/bye elections to Parliamentary and Assembly Constituency. In the General Elections to Lok Sabha 2004 & 2009, EVMs were used in all Parliamentary Constituencies throughout the country.
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Chapter 22
ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE - FAQs
Q 1. What is an Electronic Voting Machine?
A: It is a simple electronic device used to record votes in place of ballot papers
and boxes which were used earlier in conventional voting system.
Q 2. What are the advantages of EVM over the traditional ballot paper/ballot
box system?
A: (a) It eliminates the possibility of invalid and doubtful votes which, in many
cases, are the root causes of controversies and election petitions.
It makes the process of counting of votes much faster than the conventional
system.
( c ) It reduces to a great extent the quantity of paper used thus saving a large
number of trees making the process eco-friendly.
( d) It reduces cost of printing almost nil as only one sheet of ballot paper required
for each Polling Station.
Q 3. Apart from India which are the other countries that use EVMs in
elections?
A: Bhutan used the Indian EVMs for the whole country during their last elections.
These machines were also used by Nepal for some of their constituencies during
the last general elections in the country.
Q 4. When was the EVM introduced in India?
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A: It was first used in 1982 in the bye-election to Parur Assembly Constituency of
Kerala for a limited number of polling stations (50 polling stations).
Q 5. What are the unique features of Indian EVMs?
A: It is a simple machine that can be operated easily by both the polling personnel
and the voters. It is sturdy enough to withstand rough handling and variable
climatic conditions. Being a stand alone machine without any network
connectivity, nobody can interfere with its programming and manipulate the
result. Keeping the erratic power supply position in many places in the country,
the machines have been made to run on batteries.
Q 6. What was the necessity to switch to EVM from ballot paper election?
A: Counting of Ballot papers at an election used to take long hours creating a
charged atmosphere for the counting officials as well as candidates/political
parties. Sometimes this was aggravated further by the demand for recounting
resulting for the low margin of difference of votes between the top 2 candidates
coupled with large number of invalid and doubtful votes.
Q 7. Who manufacture EVMs in India?
A: The two central govt. undertakings i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited and
Electronics Corporation of India Limited are the only manufacturers from whom
the EVMs are procured by the Election Commission of India.
Q 8. Before approving EVM ,whether ECI consulted the political parties?
A : Yes. The matter was discussed with all the recognized political parties and
demonstration held before them.
Q 9. Whether ECI took the advice of technical expert before approving the
EVM?
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A : Yes. Before inducting the EVMs, opinion of the Technical Committee comprising
Prof. S. Sampath, Prof. P.V. Indiresan and Dr. C Rao Kasarbada was obtained. The
Committee examined the machines minutely from all technical angles and
unanimously recommended their use in elections.
Q 10. What are the features of Control Unit?
A: The Control Unit is the main unit which stores all data and controls the
functioning of EVM. The program which controls the functioning of the control unit
is burnt into a micro chip on a “one time programmable basis”. Once burnt it
cannot be read, copied out or altered. The EVMs use dynamic coding to enhance
security of data transmitted from ballot unit to control unit. The new EVMs have
also got real time clock and date-time stamping facility which enables them to
record the exact time and date whenever a key is pressed. After the voting is
completed and the close button is pressed, the machine does not accept any data
or record any vote. Through the press of “total” button, the control unit can display
the number of votes recorded till that time which can be cross checked with the
register of voters in Form 17-A. The display system of the control unit shows the
total number of votes polled in a polling station and the candidate-wise votes
polled in the machine when the ‘result’ button is pressed by the counting staff in
the presence of counting agents at the counting centre. The control unit can also
detect any physical tampering made with the connecting cable and indicate the
same in the display unit.
Q 11. How the EVMs can be used in the areas where there is no electricity?
A: The EVM does not depend on electricity. It runs on alkaline batteries.
Q 12. What is the maximum number of votes which can be cast in the EVM?
A :An EVM can record a maximum of 3840 votes which far exceeds the number of
voters(usually less then 1400) assigned to a polling station.
Q 13. In some elections large number of candidates contest. What is the
maximum number of candidates which EVM can cater to?
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A: Elections can be conducted through EVMs when the maximum number of
candidates does not exceed 64.
Q 14. What will happen if the number of contesting candidate goes beyond
64?
A: In such cases poll has to be conducted through conventional method of ballot
papers/boxes.
Q 15. How an illiterate voter, will know the steps to vote by using EVM at the
polling station? Whose help should he take?
A: The Presiding Officer will have a card-board replica of the ballot unit with him.
Through this he will demonstrate you how to vote through the EVM. He will,
however, not be allowed to enter the polling chamber, where the actual ballot unit
is kept.
Q 16. Can anybody tamper with the EVMs?
A: Utmost care has been taken to make the EVM tamper proof. The programming
of the microprocessor chip used in EVMs is burnt into the chip. The fused program
can neither be altered nor overwritten. Any attempt to burn additional or
substitute code on the chip would destroy its existing program and render it
unusable/useless. As an additional precautionary measure, the machines
prepared for a poll are physically sealed in the presence of candidates or their
agents and kept in secure strong rooms guarded by Central Police Force which can
also be watched by the representatives of the candidates. The storage places for
these pre-poll or polled EVMs can be accessed only by following a stringent
procedure set by the Commission ensuring complete transparency.
Q 17. Whether EVM can be pre-programmed by anybody to favour any party
or candidate?
A: In order to programme a substituted chip to transfer votes preferentially to a
particular candidate, it would be necessary for the program to identify the serial
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number of the favoured candidate. Since the order in which the candidates appear
on the reference ballot paper depends upon the nominations filed and found valid,
it cannot be predicted in advance before the list of contesting candidates is actually
drawn up.
Q 18. What are the procedures ECI follows to ensure transparency and to
prove that EVM is not manipulated by anybody?
A: The Commission has set up stringent procedures at various stages to ensure
the security of the machines. The machines are manufactured only by two public
sector undertakings conforming to the specifications prescribed by the
Commission in consultation with the Technical Committee comprising of
renowned professionals. The machines are checked only by the engineers of the
two PSUs before each election. These are generally stored in Strong rooms in
district headquarters where the entry is restricted. A person is allowed inside the
store only after making necessary entries in the Log Book indicating the date and
time of entry along with purpose for doing so. Once the machines are prepared for
poll by the Returning Officer affixing ballot papers, they are taken to the strong
room in the presence of the Election Observer, candidates or their agents and kept
under double lock on which the candidates/agents can put their seals. The whole
process is also video graphed. The polled EVMs are stored in strong rooms
following similar procedures and are guarded by the security forces in a three tier
cordon. The candidates or their agents are also allowed to keep an watch on the
strong room from a visible distance.
Q 19. What is new procedure called “EVM randomization”, can I know why
this is being done?
A: Despite the EVMs being tamper proof, further precautions are taken by way of
a two stage randomization process for the EVMs to be used in an election. This is
done to make sure that nobody comes to know beforehand to which constituency/
polling station a specific EVM will be used. For this purpose, serial numbers of all
the EVMs to be used under the jurisdiction of a District Election Officer are listed.
The EVMs which are to be used in a particular constituency is then randomly
selected through a computerized process which is known as first level
randomization. Another randomization called second level randomization is done
by the Returning Officer afterwards to determine which specific EVM will be used
at a particular polling station of that constituency.
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Q 20. Suppose on the poll day an EVM develops problem, in that case what is
the remedy available?
A: The defective EVM is immediately replaced by a new one by the Sector Officer
who constantly moves with spare polling materials in the area allotted to him
covering a few polling stations.
Q 21. What is a procedure followed to seal the EVM? Why this is being done?
How this is being done?
A: Physical sealing of different segments of an EVM is done to prevent access to the
buttons controlling various process of the poll. This is done in several stages.
Sealing of ballot screen of the ballot unit and the candidate set section of the
control unit are done under the supervision of Returning Officer in the presence of
the candidates or their agents to prevent tampering with the alignment of the
ballot paper and making unwanted changes in the candidate buttons that are
actually required for a particular poll. Similarly , if the result section is not sealed,
any one can see the result of a particular polling station before it is taken up for
counting at the counting center on the specified date. The candidates or their
agents are invited by the election authorities to put their signatures on the
tags/paper seals along with the seals of the Returning/Presiding Officers.
Q 22. After poll, where the EVMs are kept till counting?
A: The polled EVMs are generally stored in a secure storage centre in the
constituency or a nearby place on which the candidates or their representatives
can keep a watch. Mostly it is the same place where the counting is done.
Q 23. How the votes are counted in EVM?
A : In the Counting Centre, the EVMs are kept on a number of counting tables
whose number does not normally exceed 14. Seating arrangements are made for
the counting agents in such a way that they can clearly watch the EVM and its
display. When the result button of an EVM is pressed, its display segment indicates
the total number of votes polled in a particular polling station and then shows the
votes polled by each candidate in a serial order. Besides the counting staff, these
are noted by the counting agents also. At the end of each round, the result of that
round and the progressive total is announced. The result is compiled by summing
up the round wise totals.
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Q 24. In our country electoral malpractices such as booth capturing etc. are
reported here and there. Whether EVMs are helpful in preventing booth
capturing?
A: There is no way to prevent booth capturing as such if the EVM itself is snatched
away by the booth capturers. However, the machine cannot register more than 5
votes in a minute or 300 votes in an hour whereas a ballot box could be stuffed
with any number of ballot papers. Further, on the sight of the booth- capturers, the
Presiding Officer can stop the polling by pressing the “Close” button in the Control
unit.
Q 25. Is it possible to use EVM in simultaneous election for Parliament and
State Legislative Assembly?
A: Yes, simultaneous election for Parliamentary and State Legislative Assembly can
be conducted through EVMs. Two separate EVMs –one for the Parliamentary
election and the other for the Assembly election are used in such a situation.
Q 26. How long the Control Unit stores the result in its memory?
A: The result is stored permanently in the memory chip of the EVM till it is
intentionally cleared for readying the machine for subsequent elections. Removal
of batteries from the machine does not have any effect on its memory.
Q 27. At the time of counting , suppose a display in EVM is not showing the
result in such case how the result can be verified?
A: The manufacturers of the EVMs have developed an “Auxiliary Display Unit” (
ADU). With the use of this ADU, results can be retrieved most of the times when
there is a failure of the original display on the Control unit.
Q 28. Is it possible to vote more than once by pressing the button again and
again?
A: No. Once a candidate button is pressed, it will record the vote in favour of the
candidate shown against the button. The machine will not record any more vote
until the ballot button of the Control Unit is pressed again by the Presiding/Polling
Officer.
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Q 29. Earlier there was a system of mixing ballot papers so that the voting
preference in a particular polling station is not known. Now the EVMs are
counted one by one and the voting preference of a particular polling station
become known to everybody – Can anything be done about it?
A: A device called ‘Totaliser” has been developed by the manufacturers of the
EVMs which can, at a time, connected with several control units. It will then
indicate the total number of votes polled in each polling station where these EVMs
had been used as well as the grand total of votes polled in those polling stations.
The number of votes polled by each candidate will, however, be shown for the
whole group of polling stations to which the EVMs were used and not for any
individual polling station making it impossible to know the pattern of voting in a
particular polling station.
Q 30. What the world thinks of Indian EVMs?
A : The Indian EVM is a far simpler machine than its counterpart in the USA. Unlike
in USA, our EVM is a standalone machine which cannot be connected to any
network and controlled through network or remote. Its original programme
contained in a burnt chip cannot be altered, making it tamper proof.
Q 31. How can a blind voter vote by using EVM?
A: Like all physically challenged or infirm voters, a blind voter is permitted to take
a companion with him to help him cast the vote. The companion can accompany
him up to the polling compartment. In addition to this, many of the EVMs have
‘Braille” signage on the ballot units indicating the serial number of the candidate.
A dummy ballot paper indicating the names and the serial numbers of the
contesting candidates is provided to the Presiding Officers of selected polling
stations. The Presiding Officer of such polling station will give the dummy ballot
paper to the blind voter on his request. The voter will then note the serial number
of the candidate of his choice and return the dummy ballot paper to the Presiding
Officer before proceeding to the polling compartment. Now, with the help of
“Braille” signage he will be able to locate the particular serial number of the
candidate on the ballot unit on his own and be able to cast his vote independently.
General Elections, 2004 was the conducted totally by using 10.75 lacs EVMs in the country.
7700 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1999.
8800 Metric Ton of paper used for printing of ballot paper in General Elections, 1996.
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Chapter 23
VVPAT: Voter-Verified Paper Audit
Trail
Voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) is a method of providing feedback to
voters using a ballot less voting system. VVPAT is intended as an independent
verification system for electronic voting machines that allows voters to verify that
their votes are cast as intended and can serve as an additional barrier to changing
or destroying votes.
Under VVPAT, a printer-like apparatus is linked to the EVM. When a vote is cast, a
receipt is generated showing the serial number, name and symbol of the candidate.
It confirms the vote and the voter can verify the details. The receipt, once viewed,
goes inside a container linked to the EVM and can only be accessed by the election
officers in rarest of rare cases.
The system allows a voter to challenge his or her vote on basis of the paper receipt
for the first time. As per a new rule, the booth presiding officer will have to record
the dissent of the voter, which would have to be taken into account at time of
counting.
The VVPAT system was not manufactured due to doubts on the EVM, but was part
of the up gradation of the system.
Chronology of events leading to the use of VVPAT
In All Party Meeting held on 4th October 2010, there was a broad consensus among Political Parties about the continued use of Electronic Voting Machines and several Political Parties suggested that the possibility of incorporating a “Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail” should be explored.
The Election Commission referred the matter to the Expert Committee to examine the possibility of a paper trail and also directed the manufacturers i.e. Bharat Electronics Limited, Bangalore (BEL) and Electronics
Press Information Bureau 388
Corporation of India Limited, Hyderabad (ECIL) to develop a prototype of VVPAT system.
On the recommendation of Technical Experts Committee, a field trail was conducted in Thiruvananthapuram, Delhi, Jaisalmer, Cherapunjee and Leh in the month of July 2011 in the presence and participation of all stakeholders including general voters, national and state political parties, civil society organizations and media.
After incorporation of the changes recommended after the first field trial , a second field trial of prototype VVPAT system was held in Delhi, Thiruvananthapuram, Leh, Jaisalmer and Cherapunjee in July-August, 2012. The Technical Expert Committee approved the final design of the VVPAT units in its meeting held on 19th February, 2013.
The Government of India, vide their notification, dated 14th august 2013, has amended the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961, enabling the Commission to use VVPAT with electronic voting machines.
For the first time Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with Electronic Voting Machines was used for the Noksen Assembly seat in Tuensang district of Nagaland in September, 2013.
In a ruling in October 2013, the Supreme Court (SC), in the case of Subramanian Swamy vs Election Commission of India (ECI), has held that VVPAT (Vote Verifiable Paper Audit Trial) is “indispensable for free and fair elections” and thus, directed the ECI to equip Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) with VVPAT systems to “ensure accuracy of the VVPAT system”.
The Supreme Court directed the Election Commission to introduce a paper trail in EVMs, in a phased manner, for the next general elections in 2014, saying it will ensure free and fair polls. The apex court also directed the Centre to provide financial assistance for introducing Vote Verifier Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) system.
In pursuance of the Supreme Court order, the Election Commission ordered to use VVPAT systems in the New Delhi constituency in Delhi Assembly elections held in 2013. The pilot project e-launched across 186 polling stations catered to 1,18,596 registered voters.
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The Election Commission also used Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail System (VVPAT) system in 10 Assembly constituencies in the 40-member State Assembly elections to be held in 2013. VVPAT was also introduced in one constituency each in Delhi (as mentioned above), Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Rajasthan.
The Commission will need about 14 lakh VVPAT machines to introduce the system in all 543 Lok Sabha constituencies in 2014. However, the Commission is apprehensive that so many machines can be produced and tested in such a short duration of time. The Commission feels that covering all Parliamentary constituencies may not be possible before 2019 General Elections. The Commission has stated that approximately 1500 crore Rupees would be required for procuring VVPAT and installing it at all polling booths across the country.
Photograph showing Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) with
EVM
Sl.No. Name of
State
No. and Name of AC/PC/ Polling
Station
Date of Poll Manufacture
r
During bye- election to Nagaland Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the
following AC
1. Nagaland 51-Noksen (ST) AC (Bye-
election)
21 4/9/2013 BEL& ECIL
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During General Election to Mizoram Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
2. Mizoram 1. 10-Aizawl North-I (ST) 25/11/201
3
ECIL
2. 11-Aizwal North-II
(ST)
3. 12-Aizwal North-III
(ST)
4. 13-Aizwal East-I
5. 14-Aizwal East-II (ST)
6. 15-Aizwal West-I (ST)
7. 16-Aizwal West-II (ST)
8. 17-Aizwal West-III
(ST)
9. 18-Aizwal South-I (ST)
10. 19-Aizawl South-II
(ST)
During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2013 VVPAT used in
the following AC
3. NCT of Delhi 40-New Delhi AC 4/12/2013 BEL
During General Election to Lok Sabha, 2014 VVPAT used in the following PCs
4. Mizoram 385 Polling Stations of
1-Mizoram PC
385 11/4/ 2014 BEL
5. Bihar 30- Patna Sahib PC 1746 17/4/2014 BEL
6. Karnataka 26- Bangalore PC 1926 17/4/2014 BEL
7. Chhattisgarh 8- Raipur PC 2204 24/4/2014 ECIL
8 Tamil Nadu 4- Chennai Central PC 1153 24/4/2014 BEL
9 Gujarat 6- Gandhinagar PC 1770 30/4/2014 BEL
10. Uttar Pradesh 35- Lucknow PC 1728 30/4/ 2014 ECIL
11. West Bengal 22- Jadavpur PC 1959 12/5/2014 ECIL
During General Election to Maharashtra Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the following ACs in September-October, 2014
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12. Maharashtra 38-Amravati AC 245 15/10/201
4
ECIL
42-Achalpur AC 290
47-Wardha 332
61-Bhandara (SC) 429
71-Chandrapur (SC) 336
78-Yavatmal 387
107-Aurangabad
Central
258
108- Aurangabad West
(SC)
274
109- Aurangabad East 250
123-Nashik East 313
124-Nashik Central 279
125-Nashik West 290
225-Ahmednagar City 259
During General Election to Haryana Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
13 Haryana 13-Thanesar AC 161 15/10/201
4
BEL
21-Karnal AC 170
25-Panipat City AC 168
31-Sonipat AC 144
62-Rohtak AC 145
77-Gurgaon AC 171
During General Election to Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT used in the
following ACs
14. Jharkhand 36-Bokaro AC 566 14/12/2014
BEL
40-Dhanbad AC 424 14/12/2014
48-Jamshedpur East AC 262 2/12/2014
49-Jameshdpur West AC
290 2/12/2014
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63-Ranchi AC 364 9/12/2014
64-Hatiya AC 434 9/12/2014
65-Karke (SC) AC 388 9/12/2014
During General Election to Jammu & Kashmir Legislative Assembly, 2014 VVPAT
used in the following ACs
15. J&K 71-Gandhi Nagar 172 20/12/2014
BEL
72-Jammu East 82
73-Jammu West 171
During General Election to NCT of Delhi Legislative Assembly, 2015, held in January-
February, VVPAT used in the following ACs
16. NCT of Delhi 38-Delhi Cant. 150 7/2/2015 BEL
40-New Delhi 220
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Chapter 24
NOTA-‘None of the Above’
For the first time EVMs have a button for NOTA- “none of the above” option for
the electorate to reject all the candidates if they want. Following a Supreme Court
order directing the Election Commission to make provision for electors to exercise
their right not to vote without violation of the secrecy of their decision, the Election
Commission has ordered the Chief Electoral Officers of all States and Union
territories to provide for ‘None of the Above’ (NOTA) option in electronic voting
machines (EVMs) and ballot papers. The Commission clarified that even in the
extreme case of NOTA option poling more votes than any of the candidates in fray,
the candidate polling the maximum number of votes will be declared the winner.
This means, the NOTA will have no impact on the outcome of the polls. Instead of
absentees not choosing to vote, there would be voters casting their vote for
rejection.
Supreme Court, in its judgment dated 27th September 2013 in WP (C) No. 161 of
2004, (People's Union for Civil Liberties and another Vs. the Union of India and
another) has directed the Election Commission to make necessary provision in the
ballot papers/EVMs and provide a button for 'None of the Above' (NOTA) in EVMs
so that the voters who come to the polling booth and decide not to vote for any of
the candidates in the fray, are able to exercise their right not to vote while
maintaining their right of secrecy. The court also held that the provisions of Rule
49-O* under which one not wishing to vote for any candidate had to inform the
Presiding Officer about one’s decision, are ultra vires Article 19 of the Constitution
[protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech] and Section 128
[maintenance of secrecy of voting] of the Representation of the People Act, 1951.
The rationale behind this position was that under the pre -existing system of
implementation of the provisions of Rule 49-O, the principle of secrecy was
violated.
Earlier since the ballot paper or electronic voting machine (EVM) showed only the
list of candidates, a voter could record his vote under Section 49-O directly, but
had to inform the presiding officer at the election booth. This violated the secrecy
of his ballot. However, with paper ballot one could "waste" one's vote by stamping
on multiple candidates; this was the standard method of giving null votes without
violating secrecy before the advent of the EVM.
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At present, in an election, a winner will be declared irrespective of the number of
'non-votes'. However, a note of all 'non-votes' will be noted by the Returning
Officer at the time of counting of votes, and seek total number of non-voters will
be available under the Right to Information Act.
In accordance with the order of the Supreme Court "None of the Above (NOTA)”
option shall be printed in a separate panel on the ballot paper below the name of
the last contesting candidate. This ballot paper shall be affixed on the Ballot Unit
of the EVM. These words shall be written in the same language or languages as
used in the case of names of candidates. The size of the panel for “None of the
Above” shall be the same as for the candidates. If the voter presses the button next
to "None of the Above" his desire not to vote for any of the candidates in the fray
will get recorded in the EVM in secrecy. Commission has made appropriate
changes in Part-II of Form 17C used during counting and the result sheet in Form
20 to separately compile the number of persons who used the option not to vote
for any of the candidates in the fray. Election Commission of India has already
issued detailed instructions to ensure compliance with the order of the Court.
The Election Commission has directed that the “None of the Above” (NOTA) option
to be included in the EVMs/ballot papers (in some cases) for the electors to reject
the candidates, if they wish, would be printed in pink for the Assembly poll and in
white for the Parliamentary election.
Chhattisgarh was the first state to exercise the newly introduced ‘None of the
Above’ (NOTA) option in the elections in the entire country. The Commission also
implemented the NOTA option in the recently held elections in the other four
states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Mizoram, and Delhi.
* 49-O: Elector deciding not to vote—If an elector, after his electoral roll number
has been duly entered in the register of voters in Form 17A and has put his
signature or thumb impression thereon as required under sub-rule (1) of rule 49L,
decided not to record his vote, a remark to this effect shall be made against the
said entry in Form 17A by the presiding officer and the signature or thumb
impression of the elector shall be obtained against such remark.
Significance of NOTA
The purpose of including a NOTA Button on the EVMs is to maintain the secrecy of
vote.
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Before the introduction of the EVMs in 1998 people exercised the option of non-
voting in secrecy by simply putting a blank ballot slip in the ballot box. This secrecy
was lost with the introduction of the EVMs as the voter who chose not to vote for
any of the contesting candidates, had to inform the presiding officer about the
same.
It is the recognition of the right of a voter to a negative vote (even though it will
not change the outcome of an election) as a part of freedom of expression and the
right ensured in article 21.
It will encourage voter participation and will help fight voter apathy.
It will put pressure on the political party to nominate sound candidates, not the
dubious or the tainted ones.
It will give voice to the disillusioned electorate.
It will help reflect and influence the public opinion that can usher change in the
long term for strengthening of our democracy.
Interesting facts about NOTA:
India has become the 12th country to introduce NOTA or a similar option in its
electoral proceedings.
Other countries which provide this option are: France, Belgium, Greece, Brazil,
and Bangladesh.
NOTA is not right to reject; but will let the disillusioned voters be heard.
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Chapter 25
ELECTION PROCESS - FAQs
[A] WHO CAN CONTEST ELECTIONS?
Q 1. What is the minimum age for becoming a candidate for Lok Sabha
(House of People) or Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) election?
Ans. Not less than Twenty Five Years of age on the date of scrutiny of nomination papers.
(Refer: Article 84 (b) of Constitution of India and Article 173 (b) of the Constitution read with Sec. 36 (2) of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 2. I am not registered as a voter in any constituency. Can I contest
election?
Ans. No.
You have to be registered as a voter in the current electoral roll to contest election.
(Refer: Sec. 4 (d) and Section 5 (c) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 3. I am registered as a voter in a particular State. Can I contest election
for Lok Sabha (House of the People) from outside that State?
Ans. Yes.
You can contest election from any constituency in the Country, except autonomous Districts of Assam, Lakshadweep and Sikkim
(Refer: Sec. 4 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
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Q 4. A person is a member of Schedule Caste in a particular State. Can he
contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)
from a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes?
Ans. Yes
He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for Scheduled Castes.
(Refer: Sec. 4 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 5. A person is a member of Schedule Tribe in a particular State. Can he
contest election from any other State for Lok Sabha (House of People)
from a seat reserved for Scheduled Tribes?
Ans. Yes
He can contest election from any other State from a seat reserved for
Scheduled Tribes except Lakshadweep, other than those in autonomous
Districts of Assam and excluding the tribal areas of Assam.
(Refer: Sec. 4 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 6. A person is an elector in a particular State. Can he contest election for
a seat in the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) of any other State?
Ans. No. (Refer: Sec. 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)
Q 7. A person is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes
community. Can he contest an election from a general constituency?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Sec. 4 & 5 of the Representation of People Act, 1951)
Q 8. A person is convicted for some offence and is sentenced to
imprisonment for 2 years. Can he contest elections?
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Ans. No.
(Refer: Section 8 (3) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 9. Supposing such person is on bail, pending disposal of his appeal, can
he contest the election?
Ans. No.
Even if a person is on bail, after the conviction and his appeal is pending for disposal, he is disqualified from contesting an election as per Supreme Court’s decision. But if his conviction is also stayed, then he can contest.
Q 10. Can a person confined in Jail vote in an election?
Ans. No.
Such person cannot vote at any election if he is confined in a prison, whether under a sentence of imprisonment or transportation or otherwise, or is in the lawful custody of the police.
(Refer: Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951).
Q 11. Is a person subjected to preventive detention under any law entitled to vote in an election?
Ans. Yes.
He is entitled to vote by Postal Ballot paper.
(Refer: Proviso to Section 62(5) of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 and Rule 18 (a) (iv) of Conduct of Elections Rules 1961).
[B] SECURITY DEPOSIT
Q 12. Every candidate is required to make security deposit. How much is the
security deposit for Lok Sabha (House of People) election?
Ans. Rs. Twenty Five Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
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Q 13. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging
to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Lok Sabha (House of People)
election?
Ans. Yes.
It is Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (a) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 14. How much is the security deposit for a Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly) election?
Ans. Rupees Ten Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 15. Is there any concession in security deposit for a candidate belonging
to Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe for Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly) election?
Ans. Yes.
It is Rs. Five Thousands.
(Refer Sec. 34 (1) (b) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 16. If a person, who is a member of Scheduled Castes or Scheduled Tribes
contests election from general seat, how much security deposit he is
required to make to contest election for Lok Sabha (House of the
People) / Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly)?
Ans. Rs. Twelve thousand Five Hundred for Lok Sabha / Rs. Five Thousands for
Vidhan Sabha.
(Refer Section 34 (1) (a) (b) of Representation of People Act 1951).
Q 17. Which candidates lose the deposit?
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Ans. A defeated candidate who fails to secure more than one-sixth of the valid votes polled in the constituency will lose his security deposit
(Refer: section 158(4) of Representation of People Act. 1951).
[C] NOMINATIONS
Q 18. Suppose, I am a candidate of a recognised National or State party, how
many proposers I require for my nomination?
Ans. Only one.
(Refer: Sec. 33 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 19. If I am an independent candidate or a candidate of registered
unrecognized Political Party, how many proposers I require for
nomination?
Ans. Ten.
(Refer: Proviso to Sec. 33(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 20. Can a person contest election to Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan
Sabha (Legislative Assembly) from as many constituencies as he likes?
Ans. No.
A person cannot contest from more than two constituencies at a general
election for Lok Sabha (House of People)/Vidhan Sabha (Legislative
Assembly)
(Refer: Section 33 (7) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 21. Whether same restriction applies in relation to bye-elections to any
House held simultaneously?
Ans. Yes.
You cannot contest more than two bye-elections to the same House, if called
simultaneously by the Election Commission.
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(Refer: Section 33 (7) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 22. How many nomination papers can be filed for standing as a candidate
in the same Constitutency?
Ans. Four.
(Refer: Proviso to section 33 (6) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 23. Can I go to the Office of Returning Officer for filing a nomination with
a procession?
Ans. No.
The maximum number of vehicles that will be allowed to come within the
periphery of 100 mtrs. of Returning Officer’s office has been restricted to 3
and maximum number of persons that will be allowed to enter the office of
Returning Officer has been limited to 5 (including the candidate).
Q 24. How many persons are allowed at the time of scrutiny of nominations
by the Returning Officer?
Ans. The candidate, his election agent, one Proposer and one other person (who
can be an advocate) duly authorized in writing by the candidate, but no
other person, may attend at the time fixed for scrutiny of nominations by
Returning Officer.
(Refer: Sec. 36 (1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 25. If a candidate, to whose nomination paper an objection has been
raised, applies for time to rebut such objection, can Returning Officer
grant time for such candidate?
Ans. Yes.
The Returning Officer may adjourn the hearing of the objection till the next
day or the day after that but not beyond 11.00 a.m. on that day. The hearing
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in any case should be completed by Returning Officer well before 3.00 p.m.
on the day fixed for withdrawal of candidatures.
[D] OATH OR AFFIRMATION
Q 26. Is it necessary for a candidate to make and subscribe an oath or
affirmation before an officer authorized by the Election Commission?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Article 84 (a) or Article 173 (a) of the Constitution, Section 4(a) of Govt. of Union Territory Act, 1963 or section 4(a) Govt. of National Territory of Delhi Act, 1991).
Q 27. Who are authorized persons by the Election Commission before whom to make and subscribe an oath or affirmation?
Ans. For any particular election, the authorized persons are, principally, the
Returning Officer and the Assistant Returning Officer for the constituency.
In the case of a candidate confined in a prison or under preventive
detention, the superintendent of the prison or commandant of the detention
camp in which he is so confined or is under such detention is authorized to
administer the oath. And in the case of a candidate confined to bed in a
hospital or elsewhere owing to illness or any other cause, the medical
superintendent in charge of the hospital or the medical practitioner
attending on him is similarly authorized. If a candidate is outside India,
Indian Ambassador or High Commissioner or diplomatic consular
authorized by him can also administer oath/affirmation.
Q 28. When the oath or affirmation by the candidate is required to be made?
Ans. The candidate, in person, is required to make the oath or affirmation
immediately after presenting his nomination papers and in any case not
later than the day previous to the date of the scrutiny.
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[E] ALLOTMENT OF ELECTION SYMBOLS
Q 29. Who allots the election symbols to contesting candidates?
Ans. Returning Officer.
(Refer: The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968).
Q 30. How reserved election symbol is allotted to candidate of a recognized
National or State Party?
Ans. For allotment of reserve symbol, the candidate has to declare in his
nomination form that he has been setup by the concerned recognized party
and has to submit prescribed declaration in Form B from the authorized
office bearer of the party to the effect that he has been setup by that party.
The declaration in Form B should be duly signed by the office bearer of the
Party whose specimen signatures have been communicated in Form–A
subject to condition that both the Forms have been delivered to Chief
Electoral Officer of the State and Returning Officer before 3 P.M on the last
date of making nominations.
(Refer: Paras 8 and 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment)
Order, 1968).
Q 31. Can a candidate deliver the declaration in Form A and Form B with
facsimile signature or signature by means of rubber stamp etc. of the
office bearer of the political party?
Ans. No.
Form A & Form B must bear the signatures in ink of authorized office bearer
of the political party.
(Refer: Para 13 the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
Q 32. Can a candidate sponsored by a registered unrecognized political
party or a candidate contesting as independent choose any one of the
free symbols specified in the list of free symbols?
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Ans. Yes.
For the purpose, such candidate may choose 3 free symbols from the list, in
order of preference and mention the same in his nomination paper.
(Refer: Para 12 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
Q 33. Is it necessary for a candidate sponsored by registered unrecognized
political party to submit the Forms A & B to the Chief Electoral Officer
of the State and Returning Officer?
Ans. Yes.
(Refer: Para 13 of the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order,
1968).
[F] ELECTION CAMPAIGN
Q 34. Whether there is any restriction for plying of vehicles for
electioneering purposes?
Ans. No.
You can ply any number of vehicles (all mechanized/motorized vehicles
including 2 wheelers) for the purpose but you have to seek prior approval
of the Returning Officer for plying such vehicles and must display permit
issued by Returning Officer in original (not photocopy) prominently on the
windscreen of the Vehicle. The permit must bear the number of the vehicle
and name of the candidate in whose favour it is issued. The expenditure
incurred on this will be booked against you.
Q 35. Can a vehicle be used for electioneering purposes without getting
permit from the District Election Officer/Returning Officer?
Ans. No.
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Such vehicle shall be deemed to be unauthorized by campaigning for the
candidate and may attract penal provisions of Chapter IX A of the Indian
Penal Code and shall therefore be immediately out of the campaigning
exercise.
Q 36. Is there any restriction for displaying/carrying poster/ placard/
banner/flag of the concerned party or of the candidate on the vehicle
during the procession?
Ans. You may display /carry one poster/placard/banner/flag of your party/or
your own on vehicle during the procession.
Q 37. Is external fitting/modification allowed in the Vehicles used for
campaigning?
Ans. External modification of vehicles including fitting of Loudspeaker thereon,
would be subject to the provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act/Rules and any
other Local Act/Rules. Vehicles with modifications and special campaign
vehicles like Video Rath etc., can be used only after obtaining the requisite
permission from the competent authorities under the Motor Vehicles Act.
Q 38. Are there conditions/guidelines for setting up and operating of
Temporary Offices by Party or candidate?
Ans. Yes.
Such offices can not be opened by way of any encroachment either on public
or private property/ in any religious places or campus of such religious
places/ contiguous to any educational institution / hospital / within 200
meters of an existing polling station. Further, such offices can display only
one party flag and banner with party symbol/photographs and the size of
the banner used in such offices should not exceed ‘4 feet X 8 feet’ subject to
the further condition that if the local laws prescribe a lower size for banner
/ hoarding etc., then the lower size prescribed by local law shall prevail.
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Q 39. What is the deadline after which no public meetings and
processions can be taken out?
Ans. You cannot hold public meetings and processions during the period of 48
hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of poll. Suppose, poll
day is 12th June 2014 (Thursday) and hours of poll are from 8.00A.M to 5.00
P.M., the public meetings and processions shall be closed at 5.00 P.M on the
10th June 2014 (Tuesday).
(Refer: Sec. 126 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 40. Is there any restriction on the presence of political functionaries in a
constituency after campaign period is over?
Ans. Yes.
After the closure of campaign period (mentioned in answer to Q.6 above),
presence of political functionaries etc. who have been brought from outside
the constituency and who are not voters of the constituency should not
continue to remain present in the constituency. Such functionaries should
leave the constituency immediately after campaign period is over.
Q 41. Is such restriction applicable in the case of office bearer who is in-
charge of election of a political party in the State?
Ans. Yes.
However, such restriction is not insisted upon during the general elections
to Lok Sabha/State Assembly only in respect of the office bearer who is in-
charge of the State during the election period. Such office bearer shall
declare his place of stay in the State Headquarters and his movement during
the period in question shall remain confined normally between his party
office and place of his stay. The above restrictions will be applicable to all
other functionaries in all elections.
Q 42. Are there any arrangements for videography of critical events during
the election process?
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Ans. Yes.
Video Teams are formed in constituency to record and videotape critical
events like meetings addressed/attended by Ministers, National/State level
leaders of political parties, violent incidents, etc.
Q 43. Is wearing of special accessories like cap, mask, scarf etc. permitted
during the campaigning?
Ans. Yes.
However supply and distribution of main apparels like saree, shirt, etc. by
party/candidate is not permitted as it may amount to bribery of voters.
[G] POLL DAY
Q 44. Is there any facility provided to voters for locating their names in the
electoral roll if a political party cannot set up or not willing to set up a
booth in an area?
Ans Yes.
A “Voter Assistance Booth” is set up in premises/building location where
three or more polling stations are located with a proper signage manned by
a team of officials who are provided with lists of roll in alphabetical order to
assist the voters for locating their sl. no. in the roll and polling station. If
political party inform of their inability in advance, the District Election
Officer may consider making such arrangement in other areas too.
Q 45. Are there any guidelines for setting up of election booth by
candidate/political parties near polling station on the day of poll?
Ans. Election booth can be set up beyond a distance of 200 meters from the
polling stations, only with 1 table and 2 chairs with an umbrella or a piece
of tarpaulin or cloth to protect the two occupants with one banner (3 x 41/2
feet) to display the name of the candidate/ party / election symbol at the
booth. No crowed is allowed.
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Q 46. Is it necessary to obtain written permission of the concerned
Government authorities or local authorities for setting up of election
booth?
Ans. Yes.
It is necessary to obtain the written permission of the concerned
Government authorities or local authorities before setting up of such
booths. Written permission must be available with the persons manning the
booth for production before the police/ election authorities concerned on
demand.
Q 47. Is there any restriction on the printing of pamphlets, posters etc?
Ans Yes.
You shall not print or publish, or cause to be printed or published names of
any election pamphlet or poster which does not bear on its face and
addresses of the printer and the publisher thereof.
(Refer: Section 127A of Representation of 1951).
Q 48. Is there any restriction of canvassing in or near polling station?
Ans. Yes.
Canvassing for votes etc. within a distance of one hundred metres of polling
station is prohibited on the day of poll.
(Refer: Section 130 of Representation of 1951).
Q 49. Is there any restriction of going armed to or near polling station?
Ans. Yes.
No person is allowed to go armed with arms as defined in Arms Act 1959 of
any kind within the neighborhood of a polling station on the day of poll.
(Refer: Section 134B of Representation of 1951).
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Q 50. Who is entitled for voting through Postal ballot system?
Ans. Special voters, service voters, voters on election duty and electors subjected
to preventive detention are entitled to vote by post subject to their fulfilling
the requirements specified under the Rules.
(Refer: Rule 18 of Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961).
Q 51. Who can exercise Proxy Voting?
Ans. As an alternative option to postal ballot, service voters belonging to the
Armed Forces and members belonging to a Force to which provisions of the
Army Act applies, have been provided with a facility to opt to vote either
through proxy or through postal ballot papers.
(Refer: Section 60 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
[H] MICRO OBSERVERS
Q 52. What is the concept of Micro Observer?
Ans. An officer/official of Central Govt./ Public Sector undertakings of Central
Govt. working in the district is deployed as a Micro Observer at a polling
station or a group of polling stations located in a premises/building who
works directly under the control and supervision of Observer of Election
Commission of India.
Q 53. What is the criterion for deployment of Micro Observers?
Ans. Polling stations are short listed for the purpose on the basis of various
factors which contribute to vulnerability of voters.
Q 54. What are the duties of Micro Observer on the poll day?
Ans. The duties of Micro Observer are mainly to watch the following aspects:-
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(i) Mock poll procedures, (ii) Presence of polling agents and observance of ECI instructions
with regard to them, (iii) Observance of entry pass system and access to polling station, (iv) Proper identification of electors in accordance with ECI
guidelines, (v) Identification and recording procedures for the absentee, shifted
and duplicate voters list (ASD list), wherever made, (vi) Application of Indelible Ink, (vii) Noting down particulars of electors in the register in Form 17A, (viii) Maintenance of secrecy of voting, (ix) Conduct of polling agents, their complaints,
If the Micro observer feels that the poll is, for any reason being vitiated
he will immediately bring it to the notice of the constituency Observer
for taking remedial action.
[I] ELECTION EXPENDITURE
Q 55. Is a candidate free to spend as much as he likes on his election?
Ans. No.
A candidate is not free to spend as much as he likes on his election. The law prescribes that the total election expenditure shall not exceed the prescribed maximum limit for the constituency concerned.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and Section 123 (6) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 56. What is the limit for election expenditure in a parliamentary
constituency in bigger states, like, UP, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, M.P?
Ans. The limit for election expenditure is revised from time to time. At present the limit of expenditure for a parliamentary constituency in bigger states like U. P, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh is Rs. 40 lakhs.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961).
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Q 57. What is the limit of such expenditure for an Assembly Constituency in
these bigger States?
Ans. At present, the limit of election expenditure for an assembly constituency in the above bigger states is Rs. 16 lakhs.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961).
Q 58. Are these limits uniform for all States? If not, can you tell the lowest
limit for a Parliamentary Constituency at present?
Ans. No.
The maximum limits of election expenditure varies from State to State. The lowest limit at present for a parliamentary constituency is Rs. 16 lakhs for the constituency of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu and Lakshadweep.
(Refer: Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961).
Q 59. Are the candidates required to file any account of election
expenses?
Ans. Yes.
Every candidate at an election to the House of the People or State Legislative Assembly is required to keep, either by himself or by his election agent, a separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by him or his election agent between the date on which he has been nominated and the date of declaration of result, both dates inclusive. Every contesting candidate has to lodge a true copy of the said account within 30 days of result of the election.
(Refer : Sections 77 & 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 60. Who is the authority before whom such account is to be lodged?
Ans. The account of election expenses shall be lodged by a contesting candidate with the District Election Officer of the district in which the constituency from which he contested lies.
(Refer : Section 78 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
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Q 61. If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, is
he required to file separate accounts or only one consolidated
account?
Ans. If a candidate is contesting from more than one constituency, he has to lodge a separate return of election expenses for every election which he has contested. The election for each constituency is a separate election.
(Refer : Section 77 of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 62. What is the penalty if a candidate does not file his account of
election expenses?
Ans. If the Election Commission is satisfied that a person has failed to lodge an
account of election expenses within the time and in the manner required by
or under the Representation of People Act,1951 and he has no good reason
or justification for the failure, it has the power to disqualify him for a period
of 3 years for being chosen as, and for being, a member of either House of
Parliament or the Legislative Assembly or Legislative Council of a State.
(Refer : Section 10A of the Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 63. Whether expenditure on travel incurred by Star Campaigners
(leaders ) of political party for propagating programme of that party
shall be treated as expenditure incurred/authorized by a candidate of
that party? If so, what are the conditions?
Ans. Only in the case of expenditure on travel in respect of Star Campaigners
(leaders) of the Political Party who have submitted the list of such leaders
(40 in the case of National and State parties and 20 in the case of registered
unrecognized party) within 7 days from the date of issue of notification to
the Election Commission and Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned
for availing benefit is exempted, failing which such expenditure shall be
treated as an expenditure incurred/authorized by the concerned candidate
of that party.
(Refer: Clause (a) of Explanation 1 to Section 77 of the Representation of
People Act, 1951).
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Q 64. Whether a person who is not a member of the party can be nominated
as a Star Campaigner (Leader) of the Party for the purpose?
Ans. No.
(Refer: Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act, 1951).
Q 65. Can the name of a Star Campaigner(s) be allowed to be substituted
from the list of Star Campaigners (leaders) after it is submitted to the
Commission?
Ans. No.
Substituting a name from the list is permitted under the law only where any
of the persons mentioned in the list dies or ceases to be a member of the
political party concerned and not otherwise.
(Refer : Explanation 2 to Section 77(1) of Representation of People Act,
1951).
Q 66. Whether a candidate who has been declared as a Star Campaigner
(leader) by a political party can be considered to be a Star Campaigner
(leader) of his political party in his own constituency from where he is
contesting election for the purpose of explanation to Section 77 (1) of
Representation of People Act, 1951?
Ans. No.
Such leader cannot be considered Star Campaigner (leader) of his political
party in his own constituency. In his own constituency, he is a candidate
first. The expenditure incurred by him within his constituency is to be
booked against his election expenditure.
Q 67. Can a friend of a candidate incur expenditure for promoting his
election without his approval?
Ans. Expenditure exceeding the amount of Rs.10/- incurred for promoting of election without approval of the candidate is punishable.
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(Refer: Section 171H of Indian Penal Code).
Q 68. Suppose an expenditure is incurred by a friend with the approval of
candidate for promoting his election, is such expenditure to be booked
against the accounts of candidate?
Ans. Yes. (Refer: Section 77 of Representation of People Act, 1951).
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Chapter 26
VOTERS ENROLLMENT PROCESS- FAQs
Q 1. Who is eligible for enrollment as a Voter?
Ans. (a) Every Citizen who is 18 years old on the qualifying date (1st January of
the concerned year, unless disqualified is eligible to be enrolled).
(b) Enrolment only at ordinary place of residence.
(c) Enrolment only at one place.
(d) Overseas Indian deemed to be ordinarily resident at address given in
passport.
(e) Service Voters deemed to be ordinarily resident at their home address.
Q 2. Who is disqualified to become voter?
Ans. Only persons who are of unsound mind and have been declared so by a
competent court or disqualified due to ‘Corrupt Practices’ or offences relating
to elections are not entitled to be registered in the electoral rolls.
Q 3. Which is the relevant date for determining the age qualification of 18
years?
Ans. According to Section 14 (b) of the R. P. Act, 1950, the qualifying date means
the first day of January of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or
revised.
Q 4. Suppose you have completed 18 years of age today. Can you get yourself
registered as voter?
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Ans: No. You can get yourself registered as Voter only on Ist January or thereafter
of the year in which the electoral roll is prepared or revised.
Q 5. What proof of residence do I need to show to get enrolled as a voter?
Ans: You can show any proof of residence like passport, bank pass book, driving
license etc. Or any govt. Document to facilitate the work of registration.
Q 6. Can a non –Citizen of India become a voter?
Ans: No. A person who is not a citizen of India cannot be registered as a voter.
Article 326 of the Constitution read with Sec. 16 of R. P. Act, 1950 clarify the
point.
Q 7. Can a non resident Indian Citizen become a voter?
Ans: Yes, according to the provisions of the Representation of the People
(Amendment) Act, 2010, a person who is a citizen of India and who has not
acquired the citizenship of any other country and is otherwise eligible to be
registered as a voter and who is absenting from his place of ordinary
residence in India owing to his employment, education or otherwise is
eligible to be registered as a voter in the constituency in which his place of
residence in India as mentioned in his passport is located.
Q 8. If I am working and living in Delhi, Can I be a voter in my native village?
Ans. No. If you are working in Delhi and residing there, you are an ordinary resident of Delhi in terms of Sec 19 (b). Therefore you can be enrolled at Delhi only and not in your native village.
Q 9. Can one be enrolled at more than one place?
Ans. No. A person cannot be enrolled as a voter in more than one place in the same
constituency or in more than one constituency in view of the provisions
contained under Sec. 17 and 18 of R. P. Act, 1950.
Q 10. How Can I enroll/ register as a new voter and get Voter ID Card? What
are various modes available to an eligible voter for an enrollment?
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Ans. You have to submit a filled in Form - 6 and submit it to the Electoral
Registration Officer (ERO) of the Assembly Constituency and your name will
be included in the electoral roll as a voter. There are various ways to submit
Form-6. These are as follows:
1. Online Application:
Step 1. Log on to www.eci.nic.in or www.ceodelhi.gov.in, or respective
states Chief Electoral Officer (CEOs) websites where new voter
ordinarily resides . Click on tab “Online Voter Registration”
Step 2. Sign up to obtain a user name and password.
Step 3. Upload one passport size colour photo in the space mentioned
(Mandatory).
Step 4. Upload the proof of residence and age (optional). In case you are
unable to upload, the Booth Level Officer (BLO) may also collect the
documents from your house.
2. By Post:
Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs
websites. Fill it and attach documents.
Step 2. Post it to the voter’s centre of your constituency.
3. Deliver By Hand :
Step 1. Download Form-6 from www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs
websites. Fill it and attach necessary documents.
Step 2. Give the completed form to the Voters Registration Centre of your
constituency or to the BLO.
Q 11. How I can get correction in names / other details that have been
misspelt in the Electoral Roll or Voter ID Card?
Ans. Such mistakes are usually in respect of age, spelling of name and address etc.
(a) Please fill in Form-8 along with proof of the correct information. For
example, for getting age corrected, please attach proof of age such as School
Board Examination Result Certificate. For proving correct residence, please
give proof of residence etc.
(b) In case the mistake has been due to an error on the part of the Election
Officials then the correction will be made free of cost. In case you are
responsible for the mistake in the first place such as by entering incorrect
information, then you need to pay Rs.25/- in cash at your voter’s registration
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centre for receiving the corrected Voter Identity Card (EPIC). Please
remember to take the receipt for the amount paid by you.
Q 12. How can a Non –resident Indian citizen get registered / enrolled as
Voter?
Ans. He/she has to file the application for the purpose in prescribed Form 6A
before the Electoral Registration Officer (ERO) of the constituency within
which the place of ordinary residence of the applicant in India as given in
his/her valid passport falls. The application can be presented in person
before the ERO or sent by post addressed to the ERO concerned. If the
application is sent by post it must be accompanied by duly self attested copy
of the passport and all relevant documents mentioned in Form 6A.
Q 13. How Can You check your name in electoral roll?
Ans. Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on
tab “Check your Name in the Voter’s list” OR use SMS facility for checking
your details Type EPIC<SPACE>Voter ID No and sent to 9211728082.
Q 14. How Can You find status of your application for enrolment?
Ans. Go to the Home page of website of the respective State CEOs and click on tab
“Know the Status of Your application for enrolment.”
Q 15. I have shifted my residence recently. I have photo epic card with the
old address. Can I get new epic card for the present address?
Ans. In case you are already enrolled as a voter and have shifted your address,
then the procedure to be followed to enroll you at your new address will
depend on whether you are residing in the same assembly constituency or
your new residence is in a new assembly constituency.
In case your new residence is in a different assembly constituency then you
have to fill in form 6. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally
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or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions
no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to submit
is the proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. No other
document is required to be submitted by you.
In case your new residence is in the same assembly constituency then you
have to fill Form 8A. For this you can either fill it online or give it personally
or by post. For the procedure involved, please look at answers to questions
no. 2, 3, 4 and 5 above. The only document that you are required to attach is
proof of your new residence such as electricity bill etc. You are not required
to submit any other document.
Q 16. I have recently got married. How can I get my wife enrolled at my
address?
Ans. This will depend on the following:-
(a) If your wife is a voter for the first time then she will have to fill in Form-6
for enrolment as a new voter.
(b) In case your wife is already a voter but not in the same Assembly
Constituency (such as enrolled in some other Assembly Constituency of Delhi,
or anywhere else in India), then she will need to fill in Form-6 for change of
residence.
(c) If she is a voter in the same Assembly Constituency as you but needs only
to change her address then, in such case she needs to fill in Form-8A for
change of residence within the same Assembly Constituency.
(d) As proof of residence she can submit a copy of her marriage certificate or
copy of the marriage invitation card.
Q 17. What are the various forms useful for registration as
voter/correction/change in address etc., where these forms can be
obtained?
Ans: Forms are available on the website of the Election Commission of India
www.eci.nic.in or respective states CEOs websites. The various forms useful
for registration are as follows:-
For new voter fill application in form 6 . Overseas voters may file application in form 6 a.
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If you want a vote deleted, you can file an objection in form 7. For any correction in voter list or voter card fill application form 8. If you have changed your address within the constituency, please file your
application in form 8a.
Form can be submitted to district election office, electoral registration officer
or booth level officer of your area.
Q 18. I have lost my old epic card. How can I get a new epic card?
Ans. You can deposit a copy of the FIR lodged at the Police Station. You will get a new EPIC Card after deposit of Rs. 25 with ERO/AERO of your area. The dates for issuing EPIC Cards are published in leading Newspapers.
Q 19. Who is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for a Parliamentary or Assembly Constituency?
Ans. The Electoral Registration Officer (ERO). In the case of Delhi, these are the area Sub-Divisional Magistrates/Additional District Magistrates. The Electoral Registration officer is responsible for the preparation of electoral rolls for an Assembly Constituency which itself is the roll for the Parliamentary Constituency in so far as that Assembly Segment is concerned.
Q 20. How to get information about Polling Stations, Electoral Rolls, Election
Officer’s Names and Contact Phone Numbers on maps on ECI Website?
Ans: Election Commission of India in its constant Endeavour to provide
information and services to citizens in a hassle free manner has started a new
service on website of the commission – www.eci.nic.in.
A. Click on ECI website a tab named “information linked to polling station map” provided on the left –side panel.
B. Select the state and district / assembly constituency / polling station. C. Click on “click here” button. D. After viewing a specific polling station pin, a balloon on the map. E. Click on the balloon/pin to view names and contact nos of CEOs, DEOs,
EROs and BLOs.
A link is also provided to view electoral roll in pdf formats provided by the
states.
Q 21. What are the grievance redressal mechanisms available to you?
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Ans: If you have any grievance in regard to electoral roll, electors photo identity
card or any other election related matter you may approach following officers:-
Sl.
No.
Officer Level
1 Chief Electoral Officer At the state level
2 District Election Officer At the district level
3 Returning Officer At the Constituency level
4 Assistant Returning Officer At the Taluka/ Tahsil level
5 Electoral Registration Officer At the Constituency level
6 Presiding Officer At Polling station
7 Zonal Officer For a group of polling stations
(Detailed addresses are available on the websites of the CEOs of respective
states/UTs).
During every election, the Commission appoints observers who are senior
civil service officers from outside the state. If you have any grievances or
problems, you should approach them.
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Chapter 27
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF REPRESENTATION OF PEOPLE ACT, 1951
Sec 8: Disqualification on conviction for certain offences: 1) A person convicted of an offence punishable under— a) section 153A (offence of promoting enmity between different groups on ground
of religion, race, place of birth, residence, language, etc., and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony) or section 171E (offence of bribery) or section 171F (offence of undue influence or personation at an election) or sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) of section 376 or section 376A or section 376B or section 376C or section 376D (offences relating to rape) or section 498A (offence of cruelty towards a woman by husband or relative of a husband) or sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) of section 505 (offence of making statement creating or promoting enmity, hatred or ill-will between classes or offence relating to such statement in any place of worship or in any assembly engaged in the performance of religious worship or religious ceremonies) of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860); or
b) the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 (22 of 1955) which provides for punishment for the preaching and practice of "untouchability", and for the enforcement of any disability arising therefrom; or
c) section 11 (offence of importing or exporting prohibited goods) of the Customs Act, 1962 (52 of 1962); or
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d) sections 10 to 12 (offence of being a member of an association declared unlawful, offence relating to dealing with funds of an unlawful association or offence relating to contravention of an order made in respect of a notified place) of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (37 of 1967); or
e) the Foreign Exchange (Regulation) Act, 1973 (46 of 1973); or f) the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985); or g) section 3 (offence of committing terrorist acts) or section 4 (offence of
committing disruptive activities) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (28 of 1987); or
h) section 7 (offence of contravention of the provisions of sections 3 to 6) of the Religious Institutions (Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1988 (41 of 1988); or
i) section 125 (offence of promoting enmity between classes in connection with the election) or section 135 (offence of removal of ballot papers from polling stations) or section 135A (offence of booth capturing) of clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 136 (offence of fraudulently defacing or fraudulently destroying any nomination paper) of this Act; 1[or]
j) section 6 (offence of conversion of a place of worship) of the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991;or
k) section 2 (offence of insulting the Indian National Flag or the Constitution of India) or section 3 (offence of preventing singing of National Anthem) of the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 (69 of 1971),or
l) the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988); or m) the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (49 of 1988); or n) the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 (15 of 2002), shall be disqualified, where
the convicted person is sentenced to—
i) only fine, for a period of six years from the date of such conviction; ii) imprisonment, from the date of such conviction and shall continue to
be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release.
2) A person convicted for the contravention of— a) any law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering; or b) any law relating to the adulteration of food or drugs; or c) any provisions of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961);
3) A person convicted of any offence and sentenced to imprisonment for not less than two years [other than any offence referred to in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2)] shall be disqualified from the date of such conviction and shall continue to be disqualified for a further period of six years since his release. 4) Notwithstanding anything 8[in sub-section (1), sub-section (2) or sub-section (3)] a disqualification under either subsection shall not, in the case of a person who on the date of the conviction is a member of Parliament or the Legislature of a State, take effect until three months have elapsed from that date or, if within that period an appeal or application for revision is brought in respect of the
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conviction or the sentence, until that appeal or application is disposed of by the court. Explanation –In this section: a) "law providing for the prevention of hoarding or profiteering" means any law, or any order, rule or notification having the force of law, providing for—
(i) the regulation of production or manufacture of any essential commodity; (ii) the control of price at which any essential commodity may be bought or sold; (iii) the regulation of acquisition, possession, storage, transport, distribution, disposal, use or consumption of any essential commodity; (iv) the prohibition of the withholding from sale of any essential commodity ordinarily kept for sale;
(b) "drug" has the meaning assigned to it in the Durgs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 (23 of 1940); (c) "essential commodity" has the meaning assigned to it in the Essential Commodity Act, 1955 (10 of 1955); (d) "food" has the meaning assigned to it in the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 Sec 8A: Disqualification on ground of corrupt practices: (1) The case of every person found guilty of a corrupt practice by an order under section 99 shall be submitted, as soon as may be,within a period of three months from the date such order takes effect, by such authority as the Central Government may specify in this behalf, to the President for determination of the question as to whether such person shall be disqualified and if so, for what period: Provided that the period for which any person may be disqualified under this sub-section shall in no case exceed six years from the date on which the order made in relation to him under section 99 takes effect. (2) Any person who stands disqualified under section 8A of this Act as it stood immediately before the commencement of the Election Laws (Amendment) Act, 1975 (40 of 1975), may, if the period of such disqualification has not expired, submit a petition to the President for the removal of such disqualification for the unexpired portion of the said period. (3) Before giving his decision on any question mentioned in sub-section (1) or on any petition submitted under subsection (2), the President shall obtain the opinion of the Election Commission on such question or petition and shall act according to such opinion. Sec 34. Deposits:
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(1) A candidate shall not be deemed to be duly nominated for election from a constituency unless he deposits or causes to be deposited:-
(a) in the case of an election from a Parliamentary constituency, a sum of Twenty five thousand rupees or where the candidates is a member of a Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe , a sum of Twelve thousand five hundred rupees; and (b) in the case of an election from an Assembly or Council constituency, a sum of ten thousand rupees or where the candidate is a member of Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe, a sum of five thousand rupees : Provide that where a candidate has been nominated by more than one nomination paper for election in the same constituency, not more than one deposit shall be required of him under this sub-section.
(2) Any sum required to be deposited under sub-section (I) shall not be deemed to have been deposited under that sub-section unless at the time of delivery of nomination paper [under sub-section (I) or, as the case may be, sub-section (IA) of section 33] the candidate has either deposited or caused to be deposited that sum with the returning officer in cash or enclosed with the nomination paper a receipt showing that the sum has been deposited by him or on his behalf in the Reserve Bank of India or in a Government Treasury.
Section 52: Death of a Candidate of a recognized political party before poll: (1) If a candidate set up by a recognized political party –
(a) dies at any time after 11.00 A.M. on the last date for making nominations and his nomination is found valid on scrutiny under section 36; or (b) whose nomination has been found valid on scrutiny under section 36 and who has not withdrawn his candidature under section 37, dies, and in either case, a report of his death is received any any time before the publication of the list of contesting candidates under section 38; or
(c) dies as a contesting candidate and a report of his death is received before the commencement of the poll,the returning officer shall, upon being satisfied about the fact of the death of the candidate, by order, announce an adjournment of the poll to a date to be notified later and report the fact to the Election Commission and also to the appropriate authority: Provided that no order for adjourning a poll should be made in a case referred to in clause (a) except after the scrutiny of all the nominations including the nomination of the deceased candidate.
(2) The Election Commission shall, on the receipt or a report from returning officer under sub-section (1), call upon the recognized political party whose candidate has died, to nominate another candidate for the said poll within seven days of issue of
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such notice to such recognized political party and the provisions of sections 30 to 37 shall, so far as my be, apply in relation to such nomination as they would apply to other nominations: Provided that no person who has given a notice of withdrawal of his candidature under sub-section (1) of section 37 before the adjournment of the poll shall be ineligible for being nominated as a candidate for the election after such adjournment. (3) Where a list of contesting candidates had been published under section 38 before the adjournment of the poll under sub-section (1), the returning officer shall again prepare and publish a fresh list of contesting candidates under that Section so as to include the name of the candidate who has been validly nominated under sub-section (2). Explanation –For the purposes of this section, sections 33 and 38, “recognized Political party”, means a political party recognized by the Election Commission under the Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968 Section 77: Account of election expenses and maximum thereof:
(1) Every candidate at an election shall, either by himself or by his election agent, keep a file separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the expenses incurred or authorized by him or by his election agent between [the date on which he has been nominated] and the date of declaration of the result there of, both dates inclusive.
Explanation 1- For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that
(a) the expenditure incurred by leaders of a political party on account of travel by air or by any other means of transport for propagating programme of the political party shall not be deemed to be the expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by a candidate of that political party or his election agent for the purposes of this sub-section;
(b) any expenditure incurred in respect of any arrangements made, facilities provided or any other act or thing done by any person in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the classes mentioned in clause (7) of section 123 in the discharge or purported discharge of his official duty as mentioned in the proviso to that clause shall not be deemed to be expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by a candidate or by his election agent for the purposes of this sub-section.
Explanation 2 – For the purpose of clause (a) of Explanation 1, the expression “leaders of a political party”, in respect of any election, means –
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(i) where such political party is a recognized political party, such persons not exceeding forty in number, and
(ii) where such political party is other than a recognized political party, such persons not exceeding twenty in number,
whose names have been communicated to the Election Commission and the Chief Electoral Officers of the States by the political party to be leaders for the purposes of such election, within a period of seven days from the date of the notification for such election published in the Gazette of India or Official Gazette of the State, as the case may be, under this Act:
Provided that a political party may, in the case where any of the persons referred to in clause (i) or, as the case may be, in clause (ii) dies or cease to be a member of such political party, by further communication to the Election Commission and the Chief Electoral Officers of the States, substitute new name, during the period ending immediately before forty-eight hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of the last poll for such election, for the name of such person died or ceased to be a member, for the purposes of designating the new leader in his place.
(2) The account shall contain such particulars, as may be prescribed.
(3) The total of the said expenditure shall not exceed such amount as may be prescribed.
Sec 123. Corrupt practices: The following shall be deemed to be corrupt practices for the purposes of this Act:— (1) "Bribery", that is to say—
(A) any gift, offer or promise by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent of any gratification, to any person whomsoever, with the object, directly or indirectly of inducing—
(a) a person to stand or not to stand as, or to withdraw or not to withdraw from being a candidate at an election, or (b) an elector to vote or refrain from voting at an election, or as a reward to—
(i) a person for having so stood or not stood, or for having withdrawn or not having withdrawn his candidature; or (ii) an elector for having voted or refrained from voting;
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(B) the receipt of, or agreement to receive, any gratification, whether as a motive or a reward—
(a) by a person for standing or not standing as, or for 6[withdrawing or not withdrawing] from being, a candidate; or (b) by any person whomsoever for himself or any other person for voting or refraining from voting, or inducing or attempting to induce any elector to vote or refrain from voting, or any candidate to withdraw or not to withdraw his candidature.
Explanation – For the purposes of this clause the term "gratification" is not restricted to pecuniary gratifications or gratifications estimable in money and it includes all forms of entertainment and all forms of employment for reward but it does not include the payment of any expenses bona fide incurred at, or for the purpose of, any election and duly entered in the account of election expenses referred to in section 78. (2) Undue influence, that is to say, any direct or indirect interference or attempt to interfere on the part of the candidate or his agent, or of any other person 7[with the consent of the candidate or his election agent], with the free exercise of any electoral right: Provided that—
(a) without prejudice to the generality of the provisions of this clause any such person as is referred to therein who—
(i) threatens any candidate or any elector, or any person in whom a candidate or an elector is interested, with injury of any kind including social ostracism and ex-communication or expulsion from any caste or community; or (ii) induces or attempts to induce a candidate or an elector to believe that he, or any person in whom he is interested, will become or will be rendered an object of divine displeasure or spiritual censure, shall be deemed to interfere with the free exercise of the electoral right of such candidate or elector within the meaning of this clause;
(b) a declaration of public policy, or a promise of public action, or the mere exercise of a legal right without intent to interfere with an electoral right, shall not be deemed to be interference within the meaning of this clause.
(3) The appeal by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent to vote or refrain from voting for any person on the ground of his religion, race, caste, community or language or the use of, or appeal to religious symbols or the use of, or appeal to, national symbols, such as the national flag or the national emblem, for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate: Provided that no symbol allotted under this Act to a candidate shall be deemed to be a religious symbol or a national symbol for the purposes of this clause.
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(3A) The promotion of, or attempt to promote, feelings of enmity or hatred between different classes of the citizens of India on grounds of religion, race, caste, community, or language, by a candidate or his agent or any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate. (3B) The propagation of the practice or the commission of sati or its glorification by a candidate or his agent or any other person with the consent of the candidate or his election agent for the furtherance of the prospects of the election of that candidate or for prejudicially affecting the election of any candidate.
Explanation—For the purposes of this clause, "sati" and "glorification" in relation to sati shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Commission of Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 (3 of 1988). (4) The publication by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent, of any statement of fact which is false, and which he either believes to be false or does not believe to be true, in relation to the personal character or conduct of any candidate, or in relation to the candidature, or withdrawal,of any candidate, being a statement reasonably calculated to prejudice the prospects of that candidate's election. (5) The hiring or procuring, whether on payment or otherwise, of any vehicle or vessel by a candidate or his agent or by any other person with the consent of a candidate or his election agent, or the use of such vehicle or vessel for the free conveyance of any elector (other than the candidate himself, the members of his family or his agent) to or from any polling station provided under section 25 or a place fixed under sub-section (1) of section 29 for the poll: Provided that the hiring of a vehicle or vessel by an elector or by several electors at their joint costs for the purpose of conveying him or them to and from any such polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be deemed to be a corrupt practice under this clause if the vehicle or vessel so hired is a vehicle or vessel not propelled by mechanical power: Provided further that the use of any public transport vehicle or vessel or any tramcar or railway carriage by any elector at his own cost for the purpose of going to or coming from any such polling station or place fixed for the poll shall not be deemed to be a corrupt practice under this clause. Explanation –In this clause, the expression "vehicle" means any vehicle used or capable of being used for the purpose of road transport, whether propelled by
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mechanical power or otherwise and whether used for drawing other vehicles or otherwise. (6) The incurring or authorizing of expenditure in contravention of section 77. (7) The obtaining or procuring or abetting or attempting to obtain or procure by a candidate or his agent or, by any other person 1[with the consent of a candidate or his election agent], any assistance (other than the giving of vote) for the furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election, from any person whether or not in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the following classes, namely:—
(a) gazetted officers; (b) stipendiary judges and magistrates; (c) members of the armed forces of the Union; (d) members of the police forces; (e) excise officers; (f) revenue officers other than village revenue officers known as lambardars, malguzars, patels, deshmukhs or by any other name, whose duty is to collect land revenue and who are remunerated by a share of, or commission on, the amount of land revenue collected by them but who do not discharge any police functions; and (g) such other class of persons in the service of the Government as may be prescribed: Provided that where any person, in the service of the Government and belonging to any of the classes aforesaid, in the discharge or purported discharge of his official duty, makes any arrangements or provides any facilities or does any other act or thing, for, to, or in relation to, any candidate or his agent or any other person acting with the consent of /the candidate or his election agent (whether by reason of the office held by the candidate or for any other reason), such arrangements, facilities or act or thing shall not be deemed to be assistance for the furtherance of the prospects of that candidate's election. (h) Class of persons in service of a local authority, university, government company or institution or concerned or undertaking appointed or deputed by the election commission in connection with the conduct of election.
(8) booth capturing by a candidate or his agent or other person. Explanation – (1) In this section, the expression "agent" includes an election agent, a polling agent and any person who is held to have acted as an agent in connection with the election with the consent of the candidate. (2) For the purposes of clause (7), a person shall be deemed to assist in the furtherance of the prospects of a candidate's election if he acts as an election agent of that candidate.
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(3) For the purposes of clause (7), notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, the publication in the Official Gazette of the appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service of a person in the service of the Central Government (including a person serving in connection with the administration of a Union territory) or of a State Government shall be conclusive proof—
(i) of such appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, as the case may be, and (ii) where the date of taking effect of such appointment, resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, as the case may be, is stated in such publication, also of the fact that such person was appointed with effect from the said date, or in the case of resignation, termination of service, dismissal or removal from service, such person ceased to be in such service with effect from the said date.
(4) For the purposes of clause (8),"booth capturing" shall have the same meaning as in section 135A. Sec. 126: Prohibition of public meetings during period of forty eight hours ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll: (1) No person shall-
a) convene, hold or attend, join or address any public meeting or procession in connection with an election; or b) display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph, television or any other similar apparatus; or c) propagate any election matter to the public by holding, or by arranging the holding of, any musical concert or any theatrical performance or any other entertainment or amusement with a view to attracting the members of the public thereto, in any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.
(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. (3) In this section, the expression “election matter” means any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election. Section 126 A: Restriction on publication and dissemination of result of exit polls, etc. (1) No person shall conduct any exit poll and publish or publicise by means of the print or electronic media or disseminate in any other manner, whatsoever, the
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result of any exit poll during such period, as may be notified by the Election Commission in this regard. (2) For the purposes of sub-section (1), the Election Commission shall, by a general order, notify the date and time having due regard to the following, namely:- (a) in case of a general election, the period may commence from the
beginning of the hours fixed for poll on the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the poll in all the States and Union territories; (b) in case of a bye-election or a number of bye elections held together, the period may commence from the beginning of the hours fixed for poll on from the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the poll:
Provided that in case of a number of bye-elections held together on different days, the period may commence form the beginning of the hours fixe for poll on the first day of poll and continue till half an hour after closing of the last poll. (3) Any person who contravenes the provision of this section shall be punishable with imprisonment for after which may extend to two years or with fine or with both. Explanation –For the purposes of this section, (a) “ exit poll” means an opinion survey respecting how electors have voted at an election or respecting how will all the electors have performed with regard to the identification of a political party or candidate in an election; (b) “electronic media” included internet , radio and television including Internet Protocol Television, satellite , terrestrial or c able channels, mobile and such other media either owned by the Government or private person or by both; (c) “print media “include any newspaper, magazine or periodical, poster, place card, handbill or any other document; (d) “dissemination” included publication in any ‘print media’ or broadcast or display or any electronic media. Section 126B: (1) Where an offence under sub-section(2) of section 126A has been committed by a company, every person who at the time the offence was committed was in charge of , and was responsible to the company for the conduct of , the business of the company, as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to the proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section render any such person liable to any punishment provided in this Act if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
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(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section(1), where an offence under this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed within the consent or connivance of , or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to by guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly. Explanation –For the purpose of this section, (a) “company” means anybody corporate, and includes a firm or other association of individual; and (b) “director” in relation to a firm means a partner in the firm.’. Sec 158: Return or Forfeiture of candidate’s deposits – (1) The deposit made under section 34 or under the section read with sub-section (2) of section 39 shall either be returned to the person making it or his legal representative or be forfeited to the approximate authority in accordance with the provision of this section. (2) Except in cases here under mentioned in this section, the deposit shall be returned as soon as practicable after the result of the election is declared. (3) If the candidate is not shown in the list of contesting candidates, or if he dies before the commencement of the poll, the deposit shall be returned as soon as practicable after the publication of the list or after his death, as the case may be. (4) Subject to the provisions of sub-section (3), the deposit shall be forfeited if at an election where a poll has been taken, the candidate is not elected and the number of valid votes polled by him does not exceed one-sixth of the total number of valid votes by all the candidates or in case of election of more than one member at the election, one-sixth of the total number of valid votes so polled divided by the number of members to be elected: Provided that where at an election held in, accordance with the system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote, a candidate is not elected, the deposit made him shall be forfeited if he does not get more than one-sixth of the number of votes prescribed in this behalf as sufficient to secure the return of a candidate. (5) Notwithstanding anything in sub-sections (2), (3) and (4) –
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(a) If at a general election, the candidate is a contesting candidate in more than one parliamentary constituency or in more than one assembly constituency, not more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and the others shall be forfeited. (b) If the candidate is a contesting candidate at an election in more than
one council constituency or at an election in a council constituency and at an
election by the members of the State Legislative Assembly to fill seats in the
Legislative Council, not more than one of the deposits shall be returned, and
the others shall be forfeited.
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Chapter 28
MAXIMUM ELECTION EXPENSES UNDER RULE 90 OF CONDUCT OF ELECTION RULES, 1961
The total of the expenditure of which account is to be kept under section 77 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 and which is incurred or authorized in connection with an election in a State or Union territory mentioned in column 2 of the Table below shall not exceed –
(a) in any one Parliamentary constituency of that State or Union territory, the amount specified in the corresponding column 3 of the said Table; and
(b) in any one Assembly constituency, if any, of that State or Union territory, the amount specified in the corresponding column 4 of the said Table: -
Sl. No.
Name of State / Union Territory
Maximum limit of election expenses in any one
Parliamentary Constituency
Assembly Constituency
STATES 1. Andhra Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 2. Arunachal Pradesh 27,00,000 10,00,000 3. Assam 40,00,000 16,00,000 4. Bihar 40,00,000 16,00,000 5. Chhattisgarh 40,00,000 16,00,000 6. Goa 22,00,000 8,00,000 7. Gujarat 40,00,000 16,00,000 8. Haryana 40,00,000 16,00,000 9. Himachal Pradesh 40,00,000 11,00,000 10. Jammu and Kashmir 40,00,000 --- 11. Jharkhand 40,00,000 16,00,000 12. Karnataka 40,00,000 16,00,000 13. Kerala 40,00,000 16,00,000 14. Madhya Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 15. Maharashtra 40,00,000 16,00,000 16. Manipur 35,00,000 8,00,000 17. Meghalaya 35,00,000 8,00,000 18. Mizoram 32,00,000 8,00,000
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MINIMUM & MAXIMUM LIMITS OF ELECTION EXPENDITURE IN ONE PARLIAMENTARY
CONSITITUENCY (in Rupees)
Revision Year
Minimum Limit
Maximum Limit
1997 6,00,000 15,00,000
2003 10,00,000 25,00,000
2011 16,00,000 40,00,000
19. Nagaland 40,00,000 8,00,000 20. Orissa 40,00,000 16,00,000 21. Punjab 40,00,000 16,00,000 22. Rajasthan 40,00,000 16,00,000 23. Sikkim 27,00,000 8,00,000 24. Tamil Nadu 40,00,000 16,00,000 25. Tripura 40,00,000 8,00,000 26. Uttarakhand 40,00,000 11,00,000 27. Uttar Pradesh 40,00,000 16,00,000 28. West Bengal 40,00,000 16,00,000 UNION TERRITORIES 1. Andaman and Nicobar
Islands 27,00,000 --
2. Chandigarh 22,00,000 -- 3. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 16,00,000 -- 4. Daman and Diu 16,00,000 -- 5. Delhi 40,00,000 14,00,000 6. Lakshadweep 16,00,000 7. Puducherry 32,00,000 8,00,000
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Chapter 29
The Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968(as amended up to July, 2013)
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS
Sec. 4. Allotment of symbols – In ever y contested election a symbol shall be allotted to a contesting candidate in accordance with the provisions of this Order and different symbols shall be allotted to different contesting candidates at an election in the same constituency. Sec. 5. Classification of symbols – (1) For the purpose of this Order symbols are either reserved or free. (2)Save as otherwise provided in this Order, a reserved symbol is a symbol which is reserved for a recognised political party for exclusive allotment to contesting candidates se t up by that party. (3) A free symbol is a symbol other than a reserved symbol. Sec. 6. Classification of political parties –
(1) For the purposes of this Order and for such other purposes as the Commission may specify as and when necessity therefore arises, political parties are either recognised political parties or unrecognised political parties.
(2) A recognised political party shall either be a National party or a State party. Sec. 6A. Conditions for recognition as a State Party – A political party shall be eligible for recognition as a State party in a State, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least two members to the Legislative Assembly of that State at such general election; or
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(ii) At the last general election to the House of the People from that State, the candidates set up by the party have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in the State; and, in addition, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People from that State at such general election; or (iii) At the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the party has won at least three percent of the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, (any fraction exceeding half being counted as one), or at least three seats in the Assembly, whichever is more; or (iv)At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, the party has returned at least one member to the House of the People for every 25 members or any fraction thereof allotted to that State;] or {(v) At the last general election to the House of the People from the State, or at the last general election to the Legislative Assembly of the State, the candidates set up by the Party have secured not less than eight percent of the total valid votes polled in the State.} Sec. 6B. Conditions for recognition as a National Party – A political party shall be eligible to be recognized as National party, if, and only if, any of the following conditions is fulfilled: (i) The candidates set up by the party, in any four or more States, at the last general election to the House of the People, or to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, have secured not less than six percent of the total valid votes polled in each of those States at that general election; and, in addition, it has returned at least four members to the House of the People at the aforesaid last general election from any State or States; or (ii) At the last general election to the House of the People, the party has won at least two percent of the total number of seats in the House of the People, any fraction exceeding half being counted as one; and the party ’s candidates have been elected to that House from not less than three States; or (iii) The party is recognized as State party in at least four States.] Sec. 6C. Conditions for continued recognition as a National or State party. – If a political party is recognised as a State party under paragraph 6A, or as a National party under paragraph 6B, the question whether it shall continue to be so recognised after any subsequent general election to the House of the People or, as the case may be, to the Legislative Assembly of the State concerned, shall be dependent upon the fulfillment by it of the conditions specified in the said paragraphs on the results of that general election.
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(For more details of this order, please visit Election Commission of India website www.eci.gov.in)
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Chapter 30
ELECTION COMMISSION’s ORDER REGARDING ADVERTISEMENTS OF POLITICAL NATURE ON T.V CHANNELS & CABLE T.V NETWORKS No. 509/75 2004/JS-I Dated 15th April.2004
ORDER
1. Whereas, Section 6 of the Cable Television (Regulation) Act. 1995. provides that no person shall transmit or re-transmit through a cable service any advertisement unless such advertisement is in conformity with the prescribed advertisement code; and 2. Whereas, Sub- rule (3) of Rule 7 of the Cable Television Network (Regulations) Rules, 1994 laying down the advertising code in terms of the abovementioned Section 6 provides that "no advertisement shall be permitted, the objects whereof, are wholly or mainly of a religious or political nature; advertisements must not be directed towards any religious or political end"; and 3. Whereas, the High Court of Andhra Pradesh, by its judgment and order dated 23-03-2004 in WPMP No.5214/2004 (Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd. Vs. Election Commission of India and others), suspended the above mentioned provisions of Rule 7(3) of the Cable Television Network (Regulation) Rules, 1994; and 4. Whereas the Hon'ble Supreme court, by its interim order dated 2-4-2004. In SLP (Civil) No.6679/2004 (Ministry of Information & Broadcasting Vs M/s Gemini TV and Others), in substitution of the order under challenge, had directed as below: -
(i) No cable operator or TV channel shall telecast any advertisement, which does not conform to the law of the country and which offends the morality, decency and susceptibility of views or which is shocking, disgusting and revolting; (ii) The telecast shall be monitored by the Election Commissioner of India;
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(iii) The question as to whether the expenditure incurred by the candidate on inserting such advertisement should or should not be included, shall be considered on 5th April, 2004; and (iv) The modalities whether such advertisements are in conformity with law, shall be laid down by the Election Commissioner of India.
5. Whereas, The Hon'ble Supreme Court of India by its further order dated 13th April. 2004, in SLP (Civil) No. 6679/2004 has directed as follows: “--- Before we pass the order, it will be worthwhile to notice certain provisions of the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995 [for short, "the Act"], as amended from time to time, and the Rules framed there under. The object of the Act is to regulate the operation of the cable television network in the country. Section 6 of the Act provides that no person shall transmit or retransmit through a cable service any advertisement unless such advertisement is in conformity with the prescribed advertisement code. Section 11 of the Act provides that if any
authorized officer has reason to believe that the provisions of the Act have been or are being contravened by any cable operator, he may seize the equipment being used by such cable operator for operating the cable television network. Section 12 of the Act provides for confiscation of the equipment in the event of any violation of the provisions of the Act. Similarly, Section 13 of the Act also provides for seizure or confiscation of the equipment and punishment. Section 16 further provides for punishment for contravention of the provisions of the Act. Section 19 lays down that an authorized officer, if he thinks necessary or expedient so to do in the public interest, may, by order, prohibit any cable operator from transmitting or re-transmitting any advertisement which is not in conformity with the prescribed programme code and advertisement code and it is likely to promote enmity on grounds of religion, race, language, caste or community or any other grounds whatsoever, disharmony or feelings of enmity, hatred or ill-will between different religion, racial, linguistic or regional groups or castes or communities or which is likely to disturb public tranquility. Section 22 of the Act empowers the Central Government to frame Rules to carry out the provisions of Act. The Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred on it by Section 22 of the Act is empowered to make Rules which arc known as The Cable Television Networks Rules, 1994 [for short, "the Rules”]. Rule 7 of the Rules provides that where an advertisement is carried in the cable service it shall be so designed as to conform to the laws of the country and should not offend morality, decency and religious susceptibilities of the subscribers. Subrule (2), inter alia, provides that no advertisement shall be permitted which derides any race, caste, colour, creed and nationality, is against any provision of the Constitution of India and tends to incite people to crime, cause disorder or violence or breach of law or glorifies violence or obscenity in any way. Sub-rule (3) further provides that no advertisement shall be permitted the objects whereof are wholly or mainly of religious or political nature,
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advertisements must not be directed towards any religious or political end. It is in this background, we now propose to pass the following order: Every registered National and State, political party and every contesting candidate proposing to issue advertisement on television channel and/or cable network will have to apply to the Election Commission/Designated Officer (as designated by the Election Commission) not later than three days prior to the date of the proposed commencement of the telecast of such advertisement. In case of any other person or unregistered political parties, they will have to apply not later than seven days prior to the date of the telecast. Such application shall be accompanied by two copies of the proposed advertisement in electronic form along with a duly attested transcript thereof. In case of first phase of elections, the application shall be disposed of within two days of its receipt and until decision thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply. In case of subsequent phase of election, the application shall be disposed of within three days of its receipt and until the decision thereon is taken, our order dated 2nd April, 2004, shall apply. While disposing of such applications, it will be open to the Election Commission/Designated Officer to direct deletion/modification of any part of the advertisement. The application for certification shall contain following details: (a) The cost of production of the advertisement; (b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion; (c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties; (d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate; and (e) A statement that all the payments shall be made by way of cheque or demand draft. We find that Section 2(a) of the Act defines "authorized officer", within his local limits of jurisdiction, as (a) District Magistrate; (b) Subdivisional Magistrate; or (c) or Commissioner of Police. Similarly, Section 28- A of the Representation of People Act, 1951 provides that the Returning Officer, Assistant Returning Officer, Presiding Officer, Polling Officer and any other officer appointed under this part and any police officer designated for the time being by the State Government, for the conduct of any election shall be deemed to be on deputation to the Election
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Commission for the period commencing on and from the date of the notification calling for such election and ending with the date of declaration of results of such election and, accordingly, such officer shall during that period, be subject to the control, superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission. Since it is not physically possible for the Election Commission to have a pre-censorship of all the advertisements on various cable networks and television channels, it has become necessary to authorize the Election Commission to delegate its powers in this behalf to the respective District Magistrates of all the States or Union Territories, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate or a member of the State Provincial Civil Service. This may be done by a general order issued by the Election Commission. These officers shall act under the control, superintendence and discipline of the Election Commission. The Election Commission in its turn may delegate its powers to the Chief Electoral Officer of each State or the Union Territories, as the case may be. The Chief Electoral Officer of each State or Union Territory may appoint a committee for entertaining complaints or grievances of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or to refuse certification of an advertisement. The committee so appointed shall communicate its decision to the Election Commission. The committee so constituted will function under the overall superintendence, direction and control of the Election Commission of India. The decision given by the committee shall be binding and complied with by the political parties, candidates, or any other person applying for advertisements in electronic media subject to what has been state above. The comments and observations for deletion or modification, as the case may be, made, shall be binding and complied with by the concerned political party or contesting candidate or any other person within twenty four hours from the receipt of such communication and the advertisement so modified will be re-submitted for review and certification. We may clarify that provisions of Section 126 of the Representation of People Act, 1951, shall apply to the advertisement covered by this order. If any political party, candidate or any other person is aggrieved by the decision taken either by the committee or by the Designated Officer/Election Commission it will be open for them to approach only this court for clarification or appropriate orders and no other court, tribunal or authority shall entertain any petition in regard to the complaint against such advertisement. This order shall come into force with effect from 16th April, 2004 and shall continue to be in force till 10th May, 2004.
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This order is being issued in exercise of the powers under Article 142 of the Constitution of India and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons, group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisement in the electronic media, including cable network and/or television channels as well as cable operators. It will be open to the Election Commission to requisition such staff as may be necessary for monitoring the telecast of such advertisements. Where the Election Commission is satisfied that there is a violation of this order or any provisions of the Act, it will issue an order to the violator to forthwith stop such violations and it will also be open to direct seizure of the equipments. Every order shall be promptly complied with by the person(s) on whom such order is served. The funds to meet the cost of monitoring the advertisements should be made available to the Election Commission by the Union of India. Adequate publicity of this order shall be given by the Union of India on the electronic media and through print media. This order is in continuation of the order passed by this Court on 2n April, 2004 and shall remain in operation as an interim measure till 10th May, 2004. Subject to the aforesaid order, the judgment of the High Court of Andhra Pradesh dated 23rd March 2004 shall remain stayed. This order is passed not in derogation of but in addition to the powers of the Central Government in regard to the breach of the provisions of the Act." 6. Now therefore, in pursuance of the aforesaid directions of the Hon'ble Supreme Court, the Election Commission hereby directs as follows: - (i) The Chief Electoral Officer Delhi is hereby directed to constitute a Committee comprising the following persons to deal with the applications by the political parties and organizations mentioned in para (ii) herein below:-
a) The Joint Chief Electoral officer - Chairperson. b) Returning Officer of an Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi. c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
(ii) The above Committee will entertain applications for certification of any advertisement to be inserted in a television channel or cable network by the following:-
a) All registered political parties having their headquarters in NCT of Delhi. b) All groups or organizations or associations or persons having their headquarters in NCT of Delhi.
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(iii) The Chief Electoral Officer of even- other State/Union Territory is hereby directed to constitute the following Committee to deal with applications by political parties and organizations mentioned in para (iv) below:-
a) The Additional, Joint Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson. b) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of the State. c) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-1 officer to be requisitioned from the Ministry of Information & Broadcasting.
(iv) The Committee constituted in para (iii) above will entertain applications for certification for advertisement on television channel and cable network by the following:-
(a) All registered political parties having their headquarters in that State /Union Territory, (b) All organisations or group of persons or associations having their registered offices in that State/Union Territory.
(v) The Returning Officer of every Parliamentary constituency in the country are hereby declared as Designated Officers for the purpose of entertaining application for certification of an advertisement proposed to be issued on cable network or television channel by an individual candidate contesting the election from the Parliamentary' constituency of which such Designated Officer is the Returning Officer and candidates contesting in the Assembly constituencies falling within that Parliamentary constituency. The said Returning Officer may co-opt any of the Assistant Returning Officers, not below the rank of a Sub-divisional Magistrate belonging to the State Provincial Civil Service to assist him in the task of certification of applications. 7. The Chief Electoral Officer of every State/Union Territory will constitute the following Committee to entertain complaints/grievances of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to the decision to grant or refuse certification of an advertisement:- (i) The Chief Electoral Officer - Chairperson. (ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee other than the one mentioned in paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above. 8. The applications for certification of any advertisements by every registered political parties and every contesting candidates shall be made to the Committees mentioned in paras 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer as mentioned in para 6 (iv) above, as the case may be, not later than 3 (three) days prior to the date of the commencement of the telecast of such advertisem ents. In the case of first
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phase of elections such applications shall be disposed of within 2 (two) days of its receipt and until decision thereon is taken, the order of the Supreme Court dated 2-4-2004 shall apply. 9. Where an application for certification of advertisement is by any other person or unregistered political parties, it will have to be made not later than 7 (seven) days prior to the date of telecast. 10. Every such application, in the format prescribed at Annexure A, shall be accompanied by the following: (i) Two copies of the proposed advertisement in the electronic form along with a duly attested transcript thereof, (ii) The application for certification shall contain following details:-
a) The cost of production of the advertisement: b) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion:
c) It shall also contain a statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of the election of a candidate(s)/parties;
d) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of the political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate:
e) A statement that all the payment shall be made by way of cheque or demand draft. 11. While taking a decision on the applications for certification of an advertisement, it will be open for the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer as in para 6 (v) above or the review Committee as constituted in para 7 above to direct deletion/modification of any part of the advertisement. Every such order making comments and observation for deletion and modification shall be binding and be complied by the concerned political party or contesting candidate or any other person within 24 hours from the receipt of such communication. The advertisement so modified will be re-submitted for review and certification. 12. Where the Committees constituted in para 6 (i) and 6 (iii) above or the Designated Officer or the review Committee as constituted in para 7 above as the case may be, is satisfied that the advertisement meets the requirements of the law and in accordance with the directions of the Supreme Court as inserted in paras 4 and 5 above, it should issue a certificate to the effect of the advertisement concerned is fit for telecast. The format for the certificate is at Annexure B.
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13. The directions contained in the order dated 13t h April 2004 by Supreme Court
shall be strictly complied with by everyone concerned and will remain in operation
till 10th May 2004 and it shall bind all the political parties, candidates, persons,
group of persons or Trusts who propose to insert the advertisements in the
electronic media, including the cable networks and/or television channels as well
as cable operators.
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Chapter 31
ELECTION COMMISSION’S ORDER ON POLITICAL ADVERTISEMENTS
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA
Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001 *******
No. 509/75/2004/J.S-I/Vol.II/RCC/ Dated: 21st November, 2008. ORDER
Sub: The Commission’s order dated 15th April, 2004, regarding advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks - Extension to Radio 1. The Commission. vide its order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I dated 15th April, 2004, in pursuance of the order dated 13-4-2004 of the Hon’ble Supreme Court in SLP(Civil) No. 6679/2004(Ministry of I&B Vs M/s Gemini TV and Others), issued directions regarding advertisements of political nature on T.V Channels & Cable T.V. Networks. 2. The Ministry of Information & Broadcasting has, vide their letter No. 1/04/2004- BC.IV dated 20th November, 08, informed that clause-II (4) of the Code for Commercial Advertising on All India Radio, has been amended by adding the following provison :- “But advertisements in the form of spots and jingles on payment of prescribed fees, from political parties /candidates/any other person shall be accepted only in respect of General Elections to Lok Sabha/General Election to the State Assemblies/General Election to Local bodies during the period when the Model Code of Conduct is in force. Such advertisements shall be subject to prebroadcast scrutiny by the Election Commission of India/authorities under the Election Commission of India in respect of elections to Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies and State Election Commissions in the case of Local bodies.” 3. In view of the above, the Commission has directed that its order dated 15th April,2004, regarding advertisements of political nature on TV Channel/Cable Networks shall apply to advertisements on Radio also, including the Private FM Channels, during the period Model Code of Conduct is in operation in connection with general election to the House of the People or to the Legislative Assembly of
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any State/UT. Accordingly, for broadcasting any advertisement of political nature on Radio, application for certification for broadcast shall be submitted to the Committee set up in the office of the Chief Electoral Officer of the State concerned for pre-broadcast scrutiny and certification permitting broadcast of the advertisement. The application shall be submitted in the same format as the one prescribed vide the order dated 15-4-2004 for advertisement on TV Channel/Cable Networks, alongwith the Tape/ CD and an attested transcript of the proposed advertisement . The format for certification of advertisement shall also be the same as that prescribed in the order dated 15-4-2004. The reference to ‘telecast’ in these formats shall be read to include ‘broadcast’ for the purposes of advertisements on Radio. 4. It is clarified that all other directions and the conditions specified in the order
dated 15th April, 2004, and the subsequent instructions on the subject shall apply
in the case of advertisements of political nature on Radio.
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Chapter 32
Election Commission’s ORDER DATED 18TH March 2009
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001.
No. 509/75/2004-JS-I/RCC/Vol.II Dated: 18th March, 2009 To, The Chief Electoral Officer of All States/Union Territories. Subject: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels and cable networks and on Radio - clarification. Sir/Madam, Please refer to the Commission’s order No. 509/75/2004/JS-I, dated 15th April, 2004, regarding scrutinizing of applications for certification for telecast on TV channels and cable networks. By its subsequent order dated 21st November, 2008, the directions in the said order have been made applicable for advertisement on Radio during the period of general election. 2. As per the above-referred order dated 15th April, 2004, the committee set up in the office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Delhi, is to deal with applications of all political parties having headquarters in Delhi. All the 7 National parties and a few State parties have office in Delhi. It is possible that the State units of these parties may also sponsor applications for focusing on individual States. In such cases, it is clarified that the applications from State units of the National parties may be submitted to the committee in the States concerned. However, the applications from the central office of the National and State parties with headquarters in Delhi will continue to be scrutinized by the committee in Delhi. In the case of State parties, applications from the units of the parties in States other than where they have their headquarters shall also be dealt with by the committee in the States concerned where the State units are submitting applications. 3. It is also clarified that applications from individual candidates for advertisements, both on TV and Radio, shall be made to the committee headed by the Returning Officer of the constituency concerned.
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4. The Commission has also directed that when the certificate for telecast/broadcast is issued by the committee, an authenticated copy of the transcript as approved by the committee should also be handed over to the applicant, and at the same time, the committee should retain a copy of the approved transcript and an electronic copy of the material certified for telecast/broadcast. 5. These instructions may be brought to the notice of all concerned, and also to the political parties based in your State, including the State units of recognized political parties.
Yours faithfully, Sd/
Copy to the President, Secretary of all recognized National and State Political
parties
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Chapter 33
Election Commission’s Order Dated 19th March, 2009
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001
No.3/ER/2009/SDR Dated : 19th March, 2009 To, The Chief Electoral Officer of All States/Union Territories. Sub: Advertisement of political nature on TV channels, cable network and Radio. In continuation of the letter of even number, dated 18th March, 2009, the Commission gives the following further clarifications in the matter of applications for certification of political advertisements on TV channels/cable networks/Radio: (i) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi seeks certification of same advertisement in multiple languages (Hindi/English and in regional languages), the advertisement material in each of the languages alongwith certified transcripts should be submitted to the committee in the office of the CEO, Delhi. In addition, in such cases, the applicant should also submit a duly sworn affidavit stating, as is done in the Courts, that the regional language version of the advertisement is a true translation of the advertisement in Hindi/English and the applicant will be responsible for any mistake therein. (ii) If the Central Office of any of the National Parties or the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek certification of advertisement in any regional language (without there being any Hindi/English version of the advertisement), the application seeking certification will have to be submitted to the committee in the office of the CEO of the State concerned (i.e. the State to which the regional language pertains). (iii) Any advertisement certified for telecast/broadcast by the committee in the office of the CEO, Delhi, on application from the Central Office of the National Parties and the State Parties with headquarters in Delhi, will be valid for telecast/broadcast throughout India in all States and UTs. No separate certification would be required in such cases from the committees in other States. However, the
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parties should submit a copy of the certificate obtained from the committee in Delhi to the Chief Electoral Officer of the State in which such advertisements are proposed to be telecast/broadcast. The copy should be submitted with a declaration that the same is a true copy of the certificate issued from the committee in Delhi and this should be submitted to the CEO in the State concerned before the advertisement is telecast/broadcast. 2. The above clarifications may be brought to the notice of all authorities in the State. A copy of this should be given to the screening committee functioning for this purpose in the office of the CEO.
Yours faithfully, Sd/
Copy to:- All recognized National parties and Samajwadi Party, J&K National Panthers Party, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United). Lok Jan Shakti Party and All India Forward
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Chapter 34
ELECTION COMMISSION’S Guidelines on Paid News
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001
No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media Dated: 27th August, 2012 To, Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs Sub: Measures to check ‘Paid News’ during elections i.e. advertisement in
garb of news in Media and related matters – revised guidelines – regarding. Sir/Madam, I am directed to invite your attention to the subject cited and to state that the Commission has issued order No. 509/75/2004/JS-1 dated 15th April, 2004 consequent upon order of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in SLP © No. 6679/2004. (Ministry of Information and Broadcasting vs. M/s Gemini TV Pvt. Ltd and Others) requiring the constitution of a committee for previewing, scrutinizing and verifying all advertisements by individual contesting candidates or political parties, before it is inserted in the electronic media. The Commission issued further guidelines vide its letters of even no. dated 8th June 2010, 23rd September 2010, 18th March 2011 and 16th August 2011, to constitute Media Certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) in each district during election period to take up the additional task of keeping a check on the cases of Paid News. In modification of orders on ‘Paid News’ dated 8th June 2010 and thereafter, I am directed to state the following: 1. District Level Media certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) 1.1 The District level MCMC shall be formed in each district with the following members: DEO/RO (of Parliamentary Constituency) ARO(not below SDM) Central Govt. I & B Ministry official (if any in the district) Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent – Member Secretary
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1.1.1 For the purpose of the certification of advertisements as per aforesaid Supreme Court order, Returning Officer of the parliamentary constituency/District Election Officer and an ARO (not below SDM) shall be the members of the MCMC. However, for the scrutiny of the cases of ‘Paid News’ etc, District MCMC shall have three additional members as given at ‘c’, ‘d’ and ‘e’. 1.1.2 If Central govt. I &B Ministry Official is not posted in the district, District Election Officer can appoint preferably a Central Govt. Officer or a senior State Govt. Officer posted in the district. 1.1.3 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the MCMC, DEO may himself
appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing and as
who, in the opinion of the DEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of
neutrality. 1.1.2 The Member Secretary (DPRO/DIO or equivalent) should be from the
Provincial State Civil Services. 1.2 The committee shall have two distinct sets of functions: (i) Certification of Advertisements for which two specific members of MCMC i.e. RO & ARO shall have to consider and decide on such advertisements for certification. (ii) Examining complaints/issues of Paid News etc by all members through a
monitoring arrangement. 1.3 The MCMC shall, besides discharging the functions of Certification of
Advertisement and checking of Paid News, would also assist in enforcement of media related regulations under the RP Act. Hence the Committee’s functions shall include: 1.3.1 MCMC shall scan all media ( e.g. newspapers, print media, electronic media, cable network, internet, mobile network etc) for :
a. suspected cases of paid news (it shall also actively consider paid news cases referred to it by the Expenditure Observers. It shall intimate the Returning Officer for issue of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on the published matter or notional expenditure based on DIPR rates in their election expenses account (in absence of DIPR rates, DAVP rates may be used), either based on or irrespective of whether the candidate actually has paid or not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper. A copy of the notice shall also be marked to Expenditure Observer) b. monitoring of political advertisements in electronic media (for checking if the telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee)
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c. monitoring political advertisements in other media, in relation to candidates, either overt or covert, from Expenditure monitoring angle (this will also include publicity or advertisement or appeal by, or on behalf of candidate, or by Star Campaigner(s) or others, to impact candidate’s electoral prospects)
d. advertisements in print media (MCMC shall check if the advertisement is
with the consent or knowledge of candidate: in which case it will be accounted
for in the election expenses of the candidate(s); however, if the advertisement
is not with the authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for
prosecution of the publisher for violation of Section 171H of IPC) e. checking if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is carried on any election pamphlet, poster, hand bill and other document as required under Section 127A of R.P.A 1951 (If any printed material does not bear on its face the names and addresses of the printer or the publisher, MCMC shall bring it to the notice of the RO for further necessary action; For the purpose of section 127 of RPA 1951, ‘Paid News’ would also fall in the category of ‘other document’)
1.3.2 It shall submit a daily report to Accounting team with copy to RO and Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format (as per annexure 12 of the prescribed Expenditure Guidelines) w.r.t. expenditure incurred by the candidate on election advertising or actual expenditure incurred for publishing the ‘News’ that is substantiated by necessary documents furnished by the candidate or notional expenditure as computed by the Committee in the assessed cases of Paid News. 1.3.3 The MCMC shall create a suitable mechanism for monitoring media and shall
be equipped with adequate manpower and infrastructure for the same. 2. State level MCMC 2.1 The State level MCMC shall comprise of the following officers: (a) The Chief Electoral Officer, Chairman (b) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (c) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee. (d) Officer of Indian Information Service (IIS), (at the level of US/DS) posted in the
State/UT, representing a media Department of Government of India as separate from the expert at (c) above.
(e) Independent citizen or journalist as nominated by PCI (if any) (f) Addl/Jt CEO in charge of Media (Member Secretary) 2.1.1 If PCI is not providing names to be included in the Committee, CEO may
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himself appoint either an independent senior citizen or journalist, who is willing
and who, in the opinion of the CEO, is eligible in terms of background and record of
neutrality. 2.2 The State level MCMC shall perform two sets of functions:
(i) Deciding appeal from both District and Addl/Jt CEO Committees on Certification of advertisement as per the aforesaid Commission order dated 15th April 2004. (ii) Examining all cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District
MCMC or cases that they may take up suo motu, in which case it shall direct the
concerned ROs to issue notices to the candidates. 2.2.1 The appeal on certification of advertisements need to be handled by members at (a),(b) and (c) in the manner specified in the aforesaid order dated 15th April 2004, while the members at (d), (e) & (f) are added to deal with Paid News cases. 2.2.2 It is clarified that as regards the certification, the appeal from both District and Addl/Jt CEO Committee will lie only with and will be disposed of by the State Level MCMC headed by CEO as per Commission’s order dated 15th April, 2004 and no reference in this regard needs to be made to the Commission. 3. Addl / Joint CEO’s Committee on Certification: The Committee chaired by Addl/Jt CEO for Certification of advertisement, constituted as per the Commission’s 15th April 2004 order shall continue to function as stated in the aforesaid order and shall have no jurisdiction over cases of ‘Paid News’. 4 . Appeal against decision of State level MCMC on Paid News Any appeal against the decision of the State level MCMC in matter of Paid News will be made to the Election Commission of India. The State level MCMC can also make a reference to the Commission for advice, if it deems it necessary. Wherever complaints on Paid News cases are made to the Commission directly, the Commission shall forward cases to the State level MCMC for initial consideration. 5. Paid News Guidelines: With regard to Paid News, following guidelines may be followed:
5.1 Six months before the due date of normal expiry of Lok Sabha or the State/UT Legislative Assembly, as the case may be, a list of television channels/radio channels/newspapers, broadcast/ circulated in the State/UT and their standard rate cards shall be obtained by the CEOs and provided to all District level MCMCs for fixing the rates of advertisements.
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5.2 In case of bye-election to Parliamentary or Assembly constituency, the
standard rate card shall be obtained by the District Election Officer concerned
immediately on announcement of the bye-election. 5.3 In case of any doubt relating to the application of the standard rate card arising,
the matter shall be referred to the DIPR or DAVP, Ministry of I&B, Gov. of India for
advice. 5.4 The CEO and DEOs will brief Political Parties and Media Houses about the above guidelines before the commencement of the election campaign. Media shall be asked to exercise self-regulation in this regard. Wide publicity may be given to this order to make the general public also aware about these guidelines. The thrust of the briefing will be on the need for self-regulation. 5.5 The cases of suspected Paid News or advertisement or appeal shall have to be
considered within strict timelines as follows: 5.5.1 On reference from District MCMC, RO shall give notice to the candidates within
96 hrs of publication/broadcast/telecast/receipt of complaint to explain/disclose
the expenditure incurred for publishing the ‘news’ or similar matter, or state why
expenditure should not be computed as per standard rate and added to the
candidate’s expenditure. The same timeline will apply when State level MCMC takes
up cases suo motto or on the basis of complaints. 5.5.2 District /State level MCMC shall decide on the reply expeditiously and convey to the Candidate/Party its final decision. In case no reply is received by
District MCMC from the candidate within 48 hrs of serving of notice, the decision of
MCMC will be final. 5.5.3 If decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she
may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with information to the District MCMC. 5.5.4 The State level MCMC shall dispose of the case within 96 hrs of receipt of
appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate with a copy to District level MCMC. 5.5.5 The Candidate may appeal against the decision of State level MCMC to ECI
within 48 hrs of receiving of order from this Committee. The decision of ECI shall
be final. 5.6 The entire process shall ordinarily be completed within Election period. 6. It has been observed that in certain cases, notices on paid news has been issued in large numbers while further action on the same remain pending. MCMCs may ensure that due deliberation takes place on each case and only cases that appear to
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be suspected cases of ‘Paid News’ are referred to the RO for issue of notice to the candidate. While seeing that frivolous cases are not taken up, MCMC should ensure that there is no laxity on checking actual ‘Paid News’. 7. Where the suspected cases of Paid News are decided as a “Paid News” either at District level/CEO level/Commission level, as the case may be, the actual/notional expenditure shall be treated as part of election expenses of the Candidate concerned, with due intimation to him/her or his/her agent.
Where the District/State level Committee or ECI decides that it is a Paid News case,
such cases shall be conveyed to Press Council of India for further action in relation to the media concerned.
*****
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi-110001
No. 491/Paid News/2012/Media Dated: 9th October, 2012 To Chief Electoral Officer of all the States/UTs Subject:- Measures to check ‘Paid News’ during elections i.e. advertisement in grab of news in Media and related matters – revised guidelines – regarding. 2012 on the subject cited I am directed to say that the para 5.5.2 of the said letter, with partial modification may now be read as “The candidate shall reply to the notice received from District/State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receiving of notice. If no reply is received from the candidate within stipulated time, the decision of MCMC will be final. District/State level MCMC shall decide on the reply expeditiously, preferably with in 48 hrs of receiving of reply and convey to the candidate/party its final decision”.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
FAQs on Paid News
Q 1. What does Paid News mean?
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A. Paid News has been defined by PCI as – “Any news or analysis appearing in any media (Print & Electronic) for a price in cash or kind as consideration.” The Commission has generally accepted the definition given by PCI. Q 2. What is difference between advertisement and news? A. PCI guidelines say- news should be clearly demarcated from advertisements by printing disclaimers should be strictly enforced by all publications. As far as news is concerned, it must always carry a credit line and should be set in typeface that would distinguish it from advertisements. Besides, advertisement is meant to promote, while news is meant to inform. Q 3. What made ECI to check Paid News? A. Commission experienced the problem of Paid News on the ground during the electoral process.Political parties and media groups had approached the Commission requesting for strong steps against Paid News. Parliament also discussed the issue. There was consensus among all political parties in their meeting with the Commission on 4th October 2010 and again on 9th March, 2011 that stringent measures should be taken against Paid News. Q 4. What are the adverse effects of Paid News? A. 1. In the election arena, Paid News misleads the public, causes undue influence on voters and affects their Right to Information. 2. It seeks to circumvent election expenditure laws/ceiling, through convert expenditure. 3. It disturbs the level playing field among political parties & candidates. Q 5. How to keep a check on Paid News? A. 1. Self regulation by media and political functionaries. 2. Strict use of existing mechanisms to curb the menace in the electoral field. 3. Sensitize people and stakeholders on the subject. Q 6. Step taken by the ECI to make Paid News on electoral offence? A. the Commission has proposed Amendment in the R P Act 1951, to provide therein that publishing and abetting the publishing of ‘Paid News’ for furthering the prospect of election of any candidate or fur prejudicially affecting the prospect of election of any candidate be made an electoral offence under chapter- III of Part-VII of the R P Act, 1951 with punishment of a minimum of two years imprisonment. Q 7. What mechanism has been developed by the ECI to curb Paid News? A. the Commission has appointed Media Certification & Monitoring Committee (MCME) at District level and State level to monitor media for Paid News. They scrutinize all newspapers and electronic media, in order to locate political advertisement in the garb of news coverage and take necessary action against the concerned candidates.
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Q 8. What is District level MCMC and its functions? A. District MMC examines complaints/issue of Paid News through a monitoring arrangement. It scan all media e.g. print media, electronic media, cable network, etc. In the suspected cases of Paid News, it intimates the Returning Officer for issue of notices to candidates for inclusion of actual expenditure on the published matter in their election expenses account or notional expenditure based on DIPR/DAVP rates in their election expenses account irrespective of whether the candidate actually has paid or not paid any amount to the channel/newspaper according to his/her own statement. District MCMC decides on the rely in a time-bound manner from the candidate and convey to the candidate/party its final decision. Q 9. What is State level MCMC and its functions? A. State level Media Certification and Monitoring Committee (MCMC) examines all cases of Paid News on appeal against the decision of District Level MCMC and cases that they make take up suo motu, in which it directs the concerned Returning Officer to issue notice to the candidate. The State level MCMC shall dispose of the case within 96 hrs of receipt of appeal and convey the decision to the Candidate with a copy to District level MCMC. Q 10. Where appeal can be made against the decision of State level MCMC? A. The candidate may appeal against the decision District level MCMC to State level MCMC and against the decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of India. The decision of the Commission is final. Q 11. What is time frame for making appeal against the decision of District level and State level MCMCs? A. If the decision of District level MCMC is not acceptable to the candidate, he/she may appeal to State level MCMC within 48 hrs of receipt of decision, with information to the District level MCMC. The candidate may also appeal against the decision of State level MCMC to Election Commission of India within 48 hrs of receiving of order form this Committee. The decision of the Commission is final. Q 12. What is the action against media house in the decided cases of Paid News? A. Once the cases are decided as Paid News, the Commission refers the cases of print media and electronic media to PCI and the National Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) respectively for taking necessary action in the matter. Q 13. What are the criteria to adjudge paid news? A. there can only be illustrations but no clinching or exhaustive list available from any authenticated source. Some of the illustrations are :- a. Identical articles with photographers and headlines appearing in competing publications either carrying by-lines of different authors around the same time or without any author’s name.
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b. On the same page of specific newspapers, article praising competing candidates claiming that both are likely to win the same elections. c. News item stating that one candidate is getting the support of each and every section of society eulogizing him and that he would win elections from the constituency. d. Small events involving a candidate being given exaggerated/repeated coverage and/or the opponents’ news are not covered at all. e. PCI case decision on Paid News and previous decisions by MCMC of ECI can also serve as sources of guidance
FAQs on Certification of Advertisements and MCMC
Q 1. What is certification of advertisement? A. Clearance of political advertisements by a committee before being telecast on television channels and cable networks and social media sites by any registered political party or by any group of organization/association or by any contesting candidate during elections. Q 2. What are the types of Committees for certification and their functions? A. 1. For certification of political advertisements form individual candidate, the Committee comprises: (i) Returning Officer (of Parliamentary Constituency)\ (ii) Assistant Returning Officer (not below Sub Divisional Magistrate) This Committee entertains applications for certification of an advertisings proposed to be issued on cable network or television channel by an individual candidate contesting election from the Parliamentary Constituency concerned or candidate contesting in assembly constituency failing within that Parliamentary Constituency. The above two officials are already the members of the District level MCMC along with some other members who do not have a role in such certification. 2. State level Media Certification Committee with following composition: (i) The Addll/Joint CEO- Chairperson (ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary constituency located in the capital of State (iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class-I officer to be requisitioned from Ministry of I&B. This Committee entertains the applications for certification received from all recognized and registered political parties having their headquarter in that State/UT, organizations, associations having their registered office in that State/UT. 3. The State level Appellatae Committee with the following members: (i) The Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson (ii) Any Observer appointed by the Election Commission of India (iii) One expert to be co-opted by the Committee.
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The State Level Appellate Committee entertains complaints/grievances/appeal of any political party or candidate or any other person in regard to decision to grant or refuse certification by Constituency level Committee and State level Committee headed by Addl/ Jt CEO Committees. 4. Delhi based Committee with the following composition- (i) The Joint Chief Electoral Officer- Chairperson (ii) Returning Officer of any Parliamentary Constituency in Delhi (iii) One expert being an officer not below the rank of Class- I officer to be requisitioned from Ministry of I&B. Q 3. Time limits for application for certification? A. for recognized National and State party, registered and unregistered party and every contesting candidate, not later than three days prior to the date of the proposed commencement of the telecast of the advertisement. In case of any other organization/association, it should be not later than seven days prior to the date of the telecast. Q 4. What are the documents required to be attached with application for certification? A. The application should be accompanied by two copies of the proposed advertisement in electronic form along with duly attested transcript thereof. Apart from this the application for certification shall also contain following details: 1) Cost of production of advertisement. 2) The approximate cost of proposed telecast of such advertisement on a television channel or cable network with the break-up of number of insertions and rate proposed to be charged for each such insertion. 3) Statement whether the advertisement inserted is for the benefit of the prospects of election of a candidate(s)/parties. 4) If the advertisement is issued by any person other than a political party or a candidate, that person shall state on oath that it is not for the benefit of any political party or a candidate and that the said advertisement has not been sponsored or commissioned or paid for by any political party or a candidate. 5) A statement that all the payment shall be made by cheque or demand draft . Q 5. What is a District level MCMC and what are its duties? A. (i) Composition of District level MCMC- (a) DEO/RO (of parliamentary Constituency) (b) ARO (not below SDM) (c) Central Govt. I&B Ministry official ( if any in the district) (d) Independent Citizen/Journalist as may be recommended by PCI (e) DPRO/District Information Officer/equivalent-Member Secretary
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(ii) Duties: 1. Scan the political advertisements in electronic media for checking if the telecast/broadcast has been done only after certification by the Committee. 2. Monitoring the political advertisements in other media, in relation to candidates overt or covert from expenditure monitoring angle this will also include publicity or advertisement or appeal by or on behalf or candidate, or by Star Campaigner(s) or others to impact candidate’s electoral prospects. 3. Monitoring, if any advertisement in print media is published with the consent ore knowledge of candidate in which case it will be accounted for in the election expenses of the candidate(s). However if the advertisement is not with the authority from the candidate, then action may be taken for prospe4ctin of the publisher for violation of 171H of IPC . 4. Checking, if the name and address of the publisher and the printer is printed on any election pamphlet, poster handbill and other documents as required under section 127A of the RP Act 1951. 5. Submission of daily report to Expenditure Accounting team with a copy to RO and Expenditure Observer in respect of each candidate in the prescribed format w.r.t. expenditure incurred by the candidate on election advertising or actual expenditure incurred for publishing the news. Q 6. Does the Media Certification Committee at Constituency/district or State level has the right to refuse to give certification of an advertisement, if does not find fit to be telecast? A. Yes, the above Committee has the righty to refuse to give certification of an advertisement, if does not find fit to be telecast. Q 7. Which Committee will certify advertisement of National Party in regional language? A. If any National Party or State Party with Headquarters in Delhi wishes to seek certification of advertisement in any regional language ,the application has to be submitted to the State Level Committee of the State concerned (to which the regional language pertains). Q 8. In the case of same advertisement of a National Party in multiple languages, which Committee will certify it? A. If a National Party seeks certification of the same advertisement in Hindi/English and in regional languages, the advertisement material in each of the languages along with certified transcript of each should be submitted to the Committee in Delhi along with an affidavit affirming that the regional language versions are true translation of the advertisement in Hindi/English and that the applicant will be responsible for any mistake therein. The certificate issued by the committee in Delhi will be sufficient for the advertisements in regional languages. The party should submit a copy of the certificate issued from Delhi to the Chief Electoral Officer of the other State concerned along with declaration that the copy of certificate is a true copy of the original issued by the committee in Delhi. Q 9. Where appeal can be made against the order of above Committee.
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A. Any political party or candidate can make an appeal against the order of above Committee to State level Appellate Committee. Q 10. Who will entertain the appeal against the order of State level Appellate Committee? A. Supreme Court Q 11. Whether the decisions of the above Committees are legally binding?
A. Yes, Supreme Court vide there order dt. 13th April, 2004 authorized the
Commission to constitute the Committees for the certification of political
advertisements.
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Chapter 35
INSTRUCTIONS OF THE COMMISSION WITH RESPECT TO USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN ELECTION CAMPAIGNING
ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Nirvachan Sadan, Ashoka Road, New Delhi – 110001.
No. 491/SM/2013/Communication Dated: 25th October, 2013 To,
1. Chief Electoral Officers of all States and Union Territories
2. Presidents/General Secretaries of All National/State recognized Political Parties.
Sir,
The Commission’s attention was drawn to use of social media for election
campaigning and also certain violations of the Electoral Law in the social media,
which need to be regulated in the interest of transparency and level playing field in
the elections.
Social media refers to the means of interactions among people in which they create,
share, and/or exchange information and ideas in virtual communities and
networks. It differentiates from traditional/industrial media in many aspects such
as quality, reach, frequency, usability, immediacy, and permanence. The prevalence
of Web and social media has increased over the years and there have been demands
from the political and social groups to regulate the social media during elections as
other media is regulated.
There are broadly five different types of social media:
a) collaborative projects (for example, Wikipedia) b) blogs and micro blogs (for example, Twitter)
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c) content communities (for example, YouTube) d) social networking sites (for example, Facebook) e) virtual game-worlds (e.g., Apps) Legal provisions relating to election campaigning apply to social media in the same manner in which they apply to any other form of election campaigning using any other media. Since social media is a relatively new form of media, it appears necessary to clarify to all concerned by the following instructions:-
A. Information to be given by candidates about their social media
accounts.
Candidates are required to file affidavits in Form-26 at the time of filing of nominations. Detailed instructions and the format in which the affidavits have to be filled were issued vide the Commission’s letter No. 3/4/2012/SDR dated 24, August, 2012. Para 3 of this Form requires that email ID of the candidate, if any, should be communicated to the Commission in this Form. The Commission finds it necessary that authentic social media accounts of candidates should also be informed to the Commission. This information should be furnished in the said Para 3 as follows:- “My contact telephone no.(s) is/are…………………., my email ID (if any) is ………………………………, my social media accounts (if any) are……….……..”
B. Pre-Certification of Political Advertisements
In pursuance of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India’s Order in SLP (Civil) N. 6679/2004, dated 13 April,2004, the Commission issued detailed instructions on this subject vide its order no. 509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004. In this order, it was stated that every registered/national and State political party and every contesting candidate proposing to issue advertisements on television channels and/ or on cable network will have to apply to Election Commission of India/designated officer for pre-certification of all political advertisements on electronic media before the publication. The order was further modified and consolidated vide Commission’s order dated 27.08.2012, wherein Media Certification and Monitoring Committees at district and State levels were given the responsibilities of pre-certification of such advertisement along with other functions viz acting against Paid News etc. Since social media websites are also electronic media by definition, therefore, these instructions of the Commission contained in its order No.509/75/2004/JS-1/4572 dated 15.04.2004 shall also apply mutatis mutandis to websites including social media websites and shall fall under the purview of pre-certification. You are, therefore, requested to ensure that no political advertisements are released to any internet based media/websites, including social media websites, by political parties/candidates without pre-
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certification from competent authorities in the same format and following the same procedures as referred in the aforesaid orders.
C. Expenditure on campaigning through internet including social media
websites
According to Section 77, sub section (1), of Representation of the People Act, 1951, every candidate is required to keep a separate and correct account of all expenditure in connection with the election incurred or authorized by him or by his election agent between the date on which he has filed nomination and the date of declaration of the result thereof, both dates inclusive. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India had directed in Common Cause Vs. Union of India in 2005 that political parties should also submit a statement of expenditure of elections to the ECI and such statements are required to be submitted within 75 days of assembly elections and 90 days of Lok Sabha elections. It is obvious that expenditure on election campaign through any advertisement in social media is a part of all expenditure in connection with the elections. For the sake of removing any ambiguity, it is hereby directed that candidates and political parties shall include all expenditure on campaigning, including expenditure on advertisements on social media, both for maintaining a correct account of expenditure and for submitting the statement of expenditure. This, among other things, shall include payments made to internet companies and websites for carrying advertisements and also campaign related operational expenditure on making of creative development of content, operational expenditure on salaries and wages paid to the team of workers employed by such candidates and political parties to maintain their social media accounts, etc.
D. Application of Model Code of Conduct to content on internet including social The Commission has a model code of conduct in place during the elections in respect of political parties and candidates which remains in force from the date the elections are announced by the Commission till the completion of elections. It is clarified that the provisions of model code of conduct and related instructions of the Commission issued from time to time shall also apply to the content being posted on the internet, including social media websites, by candidates and political parties.
E. As far as the content posted by persons other than candidates and political parties is concerned, the Commission is considering the matter in consultation with the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology on practical ways to
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deal with the issue, in so far as they relate to, or can be reasonably connected with, the election campaigning of political parties and candidates. These instructions may please be brought to the notice of all concerned including candidates, political parties, media and election observers for immediate necessary action.
Yours faithfully,
Sd/
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Chapter 36
Media Coverage during the period referred to in Section 126 of RP Act, 1951. 1. Section 126 of the Representation of the People, 1951, prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours before the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. The relevant portions of the said Section 126 are re-produced below: - (126. Prohibition of public meeting during period of forty-eight hours ending with hour fixed for conclusion of poll-
(1) No person shall – (a) …………………. (b) Display to the public any election matter by means of cinematograph, television or other similar apparatus; (c) ……………………. In any polling area during the period of forty-eight hours ending with the hour fixed for the conclusion of the poll for any election in the polling area.
(2) Any person who contravenes the provisions of sub-section (1) shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine, or with both. (3) In this Section, the expression “election mater” means any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election.)
2. During elections, there are sometimes allegations of violation of the provisions of the above Section 126 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951 by TV channels in the telecast of their panel discussions/debates and other news and current affairs programmes. The Commission has clarified in the past that the said Section 126 prohibits displaying any election matter by means, inter alia, of television or similar apparatus, during the period of 48 hours ending with the hour fixed for conclusion of poll in a constituency. “Election matter” has been defined in that Section as any matter intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election. Violation of the aforesaid provisions of Section 126 is punishable with imprisonment up to a period of two years, or with fine or both. 3. In this connection, attention is also invited to Section 126A of the R.P. Act 1951, which prohibits conduct of Exit poll and dissemination of their results.
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4. The Commission once again reiterates that the TV/Radio channels and cable networks should ensure that the contents of the programme telecast/broadcast/displayed by them during the period of 48 hours referred to in Section 126 do not contain any material, including views/appeals by panelists/participants that may be construed as promoting/prejudicing the prospect of any particular party or candidate(s) or influencing/affecting the result of the election. 5. Concerned TV/Radio/Cable/FM channels are free to approach the state/district/local authorities for necessary permission for conducting any broadcast related events which must also conform to the provisions of the model code of conduct and the programme code laid down by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting under the Cable Network (Regulation) Act with regard to decency, maintenance of communal harmony, etc. They are also required to stay within the provisions of Commission’s guidelines dated 27th August, 2012 regarding paid news and related matters. Concerned Chief Electoral Officer/District Election Officer will take into account all relevant aspects including the law and order situation while extending such permission. 6. Attention of all media is also drawn to the following guidelines issued by Press Council of India to follow for observance during the election:
(i) It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or her opponent. (ii) Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports, which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community or language. (iii) The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified allegations against any candidate/party. (iv) The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.
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The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other candidate/party.
The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public exchequer regarding achievements of a party/government in power.
The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued from time to time.
The above guidelines should be duly observed for compliance by all the concerned media.
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Chapter 37
PRESS COUNCIL OF INDIA’S GUIDELINES ON ELECTION REPORTING-1996 General Election is a very important feature of our democracy and it is imperative that the media transmits to the electorate fair and objective reports of the election campaign by the contesting parties. Freedom of the Press depends to a large measure on the Press itself behaving with a sense of responsibility. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure that the media adheres to this principle of fair and objective reporting of the election campaign.
The Press Council has, therefore, formulated the following guidelines to the media for observance during elections:
1. It will be the duty of the Press to give objective reports about elections and the candidates. The newspapers are not expected to indulge in unhealthy election campaigns, exaggerated reports about any candidate/party or incident during the elections. In practice, two or three closely contesting candidates attract all the media attention. While reporting on the actual campaign, a newspaper may not leave out any important point raised by a candidate and make an attack on his or her opponent.
2. Election campaign along communal or caste lines is banned under the election rules. Hence, the Press should eschew reports which tend to promote feelings of enmity or hatred between people on the ground of religion, race, caste, community or language.
3. The Press should refrain from publishing false or critical statements in regard to the personal character and conduct of any candidate or in relation to the candidature or withdrawal of any candidate or his candidature, to prejudice the prospects of that candidate in the elections. The Press shall not publish unverified allegations against any candidate/party.
4. The Press shall not accept any kind of inducement, financial or otherwise, to project a candidate/party. It shall not accept hospitality or other facilities offered to them by or on behalf of any candidate/party.
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5. The Press is not expected to indulge in canvassing of a particular candidate/party. If it does, it shall allow the right of reply to the other candidate/party.
6. The Press shall not accept/publish any advertisement at the cost of public exchequer regarding achievements of a party/ government in power.
7. The Press shall observe all the directions/orders/instructions of the Election Commission/Returning Officers or Chief Electoral Officer issued from time to time.
8. Whenever the newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to preface them conspicuously identifying the institutions which have carried on such surveys, the individuals and organisations which have commissioned the surveys, the size and nature of sample selected the method of selection of the sample for the findings and the possible margin of error in the findings.
9. In the event of staggered polls, no newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys, however, genuine they may be, till the last date of the polls is over.
Guidelines on 'Pre-poll' and 'Exit-polls' Survey-1996
The Press Council of India having considered the question of desirability or otherwise of publication of findings of pre-poll surveys and the purpose served by them is of the view that the newspapers should not allow their forum to be used for distortions and manipulations of the elections and should not allow themselves to be exploited by the interested parties.
The Press Council, therefore, advises that in view of the crucial position occupied by the electoral process in a representative democracy like ours, the newspapers should be on guard against their precious forum being used for distortions and manipulations of the elections. This has become necessary to emphasize today since the print media is sought to be increasingly exploited by the interested individuals and groups to misguide and mislead the unwary voters by subtle and not so subtle propaganda on casteist, religious and ethnic basis as well as by the use of sophisticated means like the alleged pre-poll surveys. While the communal and seditious propaganda is not difficult to detect in many cases, the interested use of the pre-poll survey, sometimes deliberately planted, is not so easy to uncover. The Press Council, therefore, suggests that whenever the newspapers publish pre-poll surveys, they should take care to preface them conspicuously by indicating the institutions which have carried such surveys, the individuals and organisations which have commissioned the surveys, the size and nature of sample selected, the method of selection of the sample for the findings and the possible margin of error in the findings.
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Further in the event of staggered poll dates, the media is seen to carry exit-poll surveys of the polls already held. This is likely to influence the voters where the polling is yet to commence. With a view to ensure that the electoral process is kept pure and the voters' minds are not influenced by any external factors, it is necessary that the media does not publish the exit-poll surveys till the last poll is held.
The Press Council, therefore, requests the Press to abide by the following guideline in respect of the exit polls:
Guideline:
No newspaper shall publish exit-poll surveys, however, genuine they may be, till
the last of the polls is over.
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Chapter 38
NEWS BROADCASTING STANDARDS AUTHORITY’S (NBSA) GUIDELINES FOR ELECTION BROADCASTS Availability of accurate, objective and complete information to enable citizens to
exercise their franchise based upon a well informed choice, is the basic
requirement of free and fair elections. The purpose of the following guidelines is
to ensure that broadcast of news and current affairs programmes and all other
content on a news channel pertaining to elections and election related matters is
fair and balanced, that is being objective, accurate and duly verified:
1. News broadcasters should endeavour to inform the public in an objective
manner, about relevant electoral matters, political parties, candidates,
campaign issues and voting processes as per rules and regulations laid down
under the Representation of People Act 1951 and by the Election Commission
of India.
2. News channels shall disclose any political affiliations, either towards a party or
candidate. Unless they publicity endorse or support a particular party or
candidate, news broadcasters have a duty to be balanced and impartial,
especially in their election reporting.
3. News broadcasters must endeavor to avoid all forms of rumor, baseless
speculation and disinformation, particularly when these concern specific
political parties or candidates. Any candidate/political party, which has been
defamed or is a victim of misrepresentation, misinformation or other similar
injury by broadcast of information should be afforded prompt correction, and
where appropriate granted an opportunity of reply.
4. News broadcasters must resist all political and financial pressures which may
affect coverage of elections and election related matters.
5. News broadcasters should maintain a clear distinction between editorial and
expert opinion carried on their news channels.
6. News broadcasters that use video feed from political parties should disclose it
and appropriately tagged.
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7. Special care must be taken to ensure that every element of news/programmes
dealing with elections and election related matters is accurate on all facts
relating to events, dates, places and quotes. If by mistake or inadvertence any
inaccurate information is broadcast, the broadcaster must correct it as soon as
it comes to the boradcaster’s notice with the same prominence as was given to
the original broadcast.
8. News broadcasters, their journalists and officials must not accept any money, or
valuable gifts, or any favour that could influence or appear to influence, create a
conflict of interest or damage the credibility of the broadcaster or their
personnel.
9. News broadcasters must not broadcast any form of ‘hate speech’ or other obnoxious content that may lead to incitement of violence or promote public unrest or disorder as election campaigning based on communal or caste factors is prohibited under Election Rules. News broadcasters should strictly avoid reports which tend to promote feelings or enmity or hatred among people, on the ground of religion, race, caste, community, region or language.
10. News broadcasters are required scrupulously maintain a distinction between
news and paid content. All paid content should be clearly marked as “Paid
Advertisement” or “Paid Content” and paid content must be carried in
compliance with the “Norms & Guidelines on Paid News” dated 24.11.2011.
11. Special care must be taken to report opinion polls accurately and fairly, by
disclosing to viewers as to who commissioned, conducted and paid for the
conduct of the opinion polls and the broadcast. If a news broadcaster carries
the results of an opinion poll or other election projection, it must also explain
the context, and the scope and limits of such polls with their limitations.
Broadcast of opinion polls should be accompanied by information to assist
viewers to understand the poll’s significance such as the methodology used, the
sample size, the margin of error, the fieldwork dates, and data used.
Broadcasters should also disclose how vote shares are converted to seat shares.
12. The broadcasters shall not broadcast any “election matter” i.e. any matter
intended or calculated to influence or affect the result of an election, during the 48
hours ending with the hours fixed for the conclusion of poll in violation of Section
126(1)(b) of The Representation of the People Act 1951.
13. The Election Commission of India (ECI) will monitor the broadcasts made by
news broadcasters from the time elections are announced until the conclusion and
announcement of election results. Any violation by member broadcasters
reported to the News Broadcasting Standards Authority (NBSA) by the Election
Commission will be dealt with by the NBSA under its regulations.
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14. Broadcasters should, to the extent possible, carry voter education programmes
to effectively inform voters about the voting process, the importance of voting,
including how, when and where to vote, to register to vote and the secrecy of the
ballot.
15. News broadcasters must not air any final, formal and definite results until such
results are formally announced by the Election Commission of India, unless such
results are carried with clear disclaimer that they are unofficial or incomplete or
partial results or projections which should not be taken as final results.
16. These guidelines will apply to all National Assembly, Municipal and Local
Elections held in India.
Norms & Guidelines on Paid News
Members/ Associate Members of the News Broadcasters Association (NBA) do not indulge in the malpractice of “paid-news”. However, since “paid news” is a critical “ethics” issue, it is in the highest interest of the public and of our democracy, and equally in the best interest of maintaining the credibility of the news broadcast industry, that strict norms and guidelines be laid down to pre-empt and prevent this malaise.
In this regard, the following norms and guidelines have been framed which all Members/Associate Members of NBA are required to adhere to strictly:
1. Definitions:
For purposes of these norms and guidelines,
1.1 “Entity” shall mean and include a person (whether natural or legal), company, partnership firm, sole proprietorship concern, society, trust, political party, association of persons and any other organisation of like nature;
1.2 “Immediate Relatives” shall mean and include immediate relations of Persons-in-Charge i.e. spouse, parents, siblings, children, dependents and significant others;
1.3 “Paid News” shall mean and include news (whether political news, business news, sports news, entertainment news or news relating to any other field) reported or omitted to be reported (whether by way of news bulletins, current affairs programmes, special programmes or any other programmes by whatever name called), in consideration of, or as quid pro quo for, any financial or non-financial benefit or reward whatsoever;
1.4 “Persons-in-Charge” shall mean and include members of the Board of Directors, persons holding positions of monitoring and control over the editorial, publication and/or management functions of a news broadcasting organization, including without limitation executive directors, chief
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executive officers, editors and producers, of the news broadcasting organization (and its singular shall be construed accordingly);
2. No news broadcasting organization shall broadcast or be associated in any manner with the broadcast of Paid News.
3. Every news broadcasting organization and every Person-in-Charge shall disclose to the public on the web-site/s of the news broadcasting organization any shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically any “private treatise”), in or with, any Entity. Disclosure shall also be made by every Person-in-Charge of such shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever (including specifically any “private treatise”) of Immediate Relatives in respect of any Entity.
4. A news broadcasting organization and/or Person-in-Charge of the news broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial interest, benefit or reward of any nature whatsoever, whether in or as cash, loan, gift, discount, hospitality or entertainment etc. from or on behalf of, any Entity, for or in consideration of, reportage of any news of, or relating to, such Entity.
5. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose on their website the names of their nominee/s or representative/s on the Board of Directors, Managing Committee or Governing Body etc. of any Entity.
6. Every news broadcasting organization shall disclose conspicuously in an appropriate manner during broadcast of a program, on their television channel/s and on their website/s, including during a news, current affairs, sports, entertainment or promotional broadcast as to whether the content of such broadcast has been paid for by or on behalf of the Entity that is subject matter of such broadcast in any manner whatsoever ; and whether such broadcast is an “advertorial” or other media marketing initiative.
7. Considering the singular importance of the electoral process in a democracy, a news broadcasting organization shall not accept any financial or non-financial consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) from any Entity, for or in relation to any news (including opinion polls or other similar programs) relating predominantly to elections or to any candidate or political party in relation to any elections;
Provided that a news broadcasting organization may broadcast any special reportage or program, of or relating to, any candidate or political party in relation to any elections, which special reportage or program may be sponsored or otherwise paid- for, so long as it is prominently and clearly disclosed during such special reportage or program that it is so sponsored or paid-for.
8. All news, reportage or other programs relating predominantly to elections shall be monitored and supervised by a person holding the senior-most executive
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editorial post (by whatever designation called), who shall be responsible for any misreporting or other violation of these norms and guidelines.
9. The above norms and guidelines shall apply equally to all journalists, reporters and stringers, working for or associated with, a news broadcasting organization except that such journalists, reporters and stringers shall furnish such information in writing in respect of any shareholding, investment, other equity participation or financial interests or conflict of interest of any nature whatsoever, which exists with regard to any subject matter on which he/she/they is/are reporting to the person holding the senior-most executive editorial post at the channel. It shall be the prerogative of such editor to permit a journalist, reporter or stringer to continue working on such subject matter or to get him/her to recuse from reporting on such subject matter.
10. It is clarified that any violation of these norms shall be subject to the procedure and consequences provided under the News Broadcasting Standards (Disputes Redressal) Regulations, including all provisions of Regulation 7.1 of the said Regulations.
Provided however that the limit of fine that may be imposed under Regulation 7.1 of the Regulations for any breach or violation of these norms and guidelines shall not be restricted to Rs.1 lac and in case of any such breach or violation, the News Broadcasting Standards Authority shall be entitled to impose upon a news broadcasting organization, fine of upto ten-times the financial or non-financial consideration, benefit or reward (including sponsorship) received for the broadcast of Paid News.
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ANNEXURE – I Important Orders of ECI
Application of Indelible Ink on Electors Finger
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Assessment and Inventory of Polling Stations – Basic Minimum Facilities
483
484
485
486
487
Electoral Roll in Urdu Language
488
489
Order Regarding Bulk SMSs
490
491
Printing of Photographs of Candidates on Ballot Paper
492
493
Standardised Voting Compartments
494
495
Storage and Saftety arrangements for the EVMs
496
497
498
499
500
Symbol Order Amendment Notification
501
502
503
504
505
506
Transfers/Postings of Officers
507
508
509
Guidelines on Transparency
510
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Important Links
http://eci.nic.in/
http://ceobihar.nic.in/
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/compendium_on_paid_news_11092015.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/ElectoralLaws/compendium/COMPENDIUM_EEM_JULY-2015_English.pdf
Statistical Reports of Bihar Assembly Elections for 2010, 2005, 2000
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2010/stat_BR_Nov2010.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_Oct2005/StatisticalReports_BH_2005.pdf
http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/SE_2000/STAI_REPORT_LA-BR-2000.pdf
Disclaimer: This Media Resource Book for Bihar Assembly Elections 2015 has
been prepared by the Press Information Bureau (PIB) solely for the purpose of
providing information about past General Elections (Parliamentary / Assembly)
conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) to the media persons. Though
all efforts have been made by the officers of the PIB to ensure the accuracy &
currency of the contours of this book, the same should not be construed as a
statement of law or used for any legal purposes. In case of any ambiguity or
doubts, readers are advised to verify /check with the website of ECI or other
sources.
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