big idea: matter is descried by its properties and may ......jul 31, 2019 · a great combination...
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Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Essential Question: How do pure substances and
mixtures compare?
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Big Idea: Matter is descried by its properties and
may undergo changes
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A Great CombinationHow can matter be classified?
• Matter is made up of basic “ingredients” known as atoms.
• An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
• Substances are classified as elements, compounds, and mixtures.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P52-53
Substances are classified as:
Basic ingredients of all
“stuff”Matter
Elements Compounds Mixtures
#5) Compare
Elements,
compounds
and mixtures
are all made
up of atoms
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How can matter be classified?
• An atom is a building block of matter
• An element is made of only one kind of atom.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P53
•A compound is made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined.
•A mixture contains a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined.
Air
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How can matter be classified?
• Is water an element, a compound, or a mixture?
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Visualize it #7
2 different colors represent 2 different types of atoms
compound
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Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P52-53
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Pure GeniusWhat are pure substances?
• A pure substance is a substance with definite physical and chemical properties.
• Pure substances are made up of just one type of particle. • Element and Compounds are Pure substances
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P54-55
The atoms that
make up copper
are all the same
Water molecules are made up of two
different types of atoms that are joined
together. The molecules that make up
water are all the same
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Pure GeniusWhat are pure substances?
• Physical changes such as melting, freezing, cutting, or smashing do not change the identity of pure substances.
• When a pure substance undergoes a chemical change, it is no longer that same substance.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P54-55
The Chemical bonds that hold the
atoms together are broken.
A new substance is formed.
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Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
Pure
Substance
Made of
atoms
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Classified InformationHow can elements be classified?
• Elements are classified as metals, nonmetals, or metalloids.
• Classifying elements helps scientists predict the properties of elements.
• The periodic table is a tool used to classify and identify elements that have similar properties.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P56
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How can compounds be classified?
• Compounds can be classified as acidic, basic, or neutral by measuring pH.
• Pure water (Neutral) has a pH of 7 • Acids have a pH below 7. • Blue litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid. • Bases have a pH above 7.• Red litmus paper turns blue in the presence of a base.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P57
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- Describing Acids and Bases
Properties of Acids and Bases
Litmus is an example of an indicator, a
compound that changes color when in
contact with an acid or a base.
Online Activity
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How can compounds be classified?
• Compounds can be organic or inorganic.
• Organic compounds are those that contain carbon and hydrogen.
• Organic compounds made by living things are called biochemicals.
• Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are biochemical compounds.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P57
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Mix and Match What are mixtures?
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically.
• Mixtures are not pure substances and do not have definite properties.
• Substances within a mixture keep their identities and individual properties.
• Mixtures can be separated by physical changes, although some mixtures are difficult to separate.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P58
•Magnets, centrifuges, filters, and other materials can be used to separate mixtures.
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15) Devise
Pick out the rocks by hand. Sort by size
14) Visualize
A) Sand and salt are poured
into a single beaker. The result is a mixture because
B) When water is added to the
sand-salt mixture,
C) When the liquid is poured
through a filter,
D) The remaining salt
water is heated until
They are not
chemically
combined
Salt dissolves
in water. Sand
does not.
(solubility)
Salt water
passes
through the
filter
Water is
boiled off
(evaporated)
leaving salt
behind
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Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures
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Simple Solution
How can mixtures be classified?
• A homogeneousmixture has the samecomposition throughout.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P60
•A heterogeneousmixture is one that does not have a uniform composition.
heterogeneous homogeneous
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How can mixtures be classified?
• A suspension is a heterogeneousmixture.
• Particles in a suspension are spread throughout a liquid or gas, but are too large to stay mixed unless shaken or stirred.
• Particles settle in suspensions.• A solution is a homogeneous mixture in
which one substance is dissolved in another substance.
• Colloids have particles that are unevenly spread throughout the mixture. (looks homogenous but really heterogeneous)
• particles in colloids are too small to settle out of the mixture.
Unit 1 Lesson 4 Pure Substances and Mixtures P60
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A substance that has
definite physical and
chemical properties.
Mixture
Compound Heterogeneous
Solution
2 or more atoms
chemically
combined
Same
throughout
(Uniform)
Between
solution and
suspension
One substance
dissolved in
another
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Matter
Pure Substances
Elements
Metals
Nonmetals
Metalloids
Compounds
pH
Acid
<7
Blue litmus turns red
Base
>7
Red litmus turns blue
Organic or inorganic
Role in the body
Biochemicals
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Mixtures
Heterogeneous
Suspensions
Particles are spread
throughout
too large to stay mixed
unless shaken or
stirred
Particles settle
Colloids
particles that are unevenly spread
throughout
particles in colloids are too small to settle out of the mixture
Homogenous
Solutions
one substance is dissolved in
another substance