classification of matter. scientists like to classify things scientists classify matter by its...
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Classification of Matter
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Classification of Matter
• Scientists like to classify things
• Scientists classify matter by its composition
• All matter can be classified as a substance or mixture
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Why isn’t it a good idea to classify matter by its phases?
• Because one kind of substance can exist in more than one phase – such as H20.
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Why isn’t matter classified according to physical characteristics such as
color?
Scientists wouldn’t find it very useful to group gold, sunflowers, and the sun together.
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Classification of Matter
• Matter– All matter has properties– Properties are used to
classify matter– ALL matter is made of a
pure substance or mixture of substances
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Substances• Substance– Type of matter with a
fixed composition– All substances are
built from atoms• Atoms are the smallest
part of matter
– 2 types of substances1.Elements2.Compounds
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Elements
• Elements– Consists of only one type
of atom– Can’t be broken down
into simpler substances– Chemists use symbols to
recognize elements– These are found on the
periodic table of elements
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Elements
• Elements– Examples
• Oxygen• Carbon• Hydrogen• Iron• Neon• Copper• Nitrogen• Mercury
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Compounds
• Compounds– Two or more elements
combined– Fixed proportion– Can’t be broken down by
physical means . . . only chemically
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Compounds
• Compounds– Examples
• Water (H₂O)• Salt (NaCl)• Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)• Carbon Monoxide (CO)• Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
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Mixtures
• Mixtures– Made up of two or more
substances– CAN be separated by
physical means– 4 types of mixtures
• Homogenous• Heterogenous• Colloids• Suspensions
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Homogenous Mixtures
• Homogenous– Contains two or more
substances blended evenly throughout
– Also called solutions– Characteristics:
• Blended evenly• Particles will not settle• Can’t see individual
particles within the solution
• “Well mixed”
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Homogenous Mixtures
• Homogenous Mixtures– Examples
• Gatorade• Bottled Soft drinks• Kool-Aid (well mixed)• Vinegar• Brewed coffee
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Heterogenous Mixture
• Heterogenous Mixture– Materials can be easily
distinguished– Characteristics
• Not mixed evenly• Some can be hard to
detect• Most substances are
heterogenous
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Heterogenous Mixture
• Heterogenous Mixtures– Examples
• Pizza• Chicken noodle soup• Concrete• Dirt/Soil• Cereal• Drinks with ice
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Colloids
• Colloid– Special kind of mixture– Has both homogenous
and hererogenous qualities
– Characteristics• Particles are suspended
but won’t settle• Particles are bigger than
those in solutions• Will produce tyndall
effect (scattering of light)
• Examples– Milk– Fog– Paint
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Colloids• Tyndall Effect
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Suspensions
• Suspensions– Heterogenous mixture– Characteristics
• Particles big enough to see
• Particles will settle to bottom
– Examples• Muddy water• Italian salad dressing
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Suspensions
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Characteristics of Mixtures
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Properties of Matter; Physical and Chemical
• Physical Properties– Characteristic of a
material you can observe
– Examples:• Color• Size• Shape• Density• Melting point• Boiling point
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Physical Properties
• Physical Property– Appearances of matter
are physical properties– Appearance:
• Shape• Color• State of matter (solid,
liquid or gas)• Odor• Mass• Volume
• What are some physical properties of the liquid in the image below?
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Physical Properties
• Physical Properties– Behavior of matter are
also physical properties– Behaviors
• Magnetic• Malleable (stretch or
bend)• Ductile (drawn into wire)• Ability to flow easily (soft
drink versus syrup)
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Physical Change
• Physical Change– A change in size, shape
or state of matter– The identity of the
material doesn’t change– Examples
• Tearing a piece of paper• Breaking glass• Painting a wall• Liquid freezing• Solids melting
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Chemical Property
• Chemical Property– Characteristics that
indicate whether it can undergo a chemical change
– Examples• Flammability• Certain medicines reacting
to light
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Chemical Changes
• Chemical Changes– A change from one
substance to another– A new substance has
formed – Can’t reverse effects– Examples
• Cooking an egg• Rust• Burning• Rotting food
• Physical or Chemical Change?
• Physical Or Chemical Change?
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Separating Mixtures
• Can use physical properties to separate mixtures into its components
• Distillation– Uses boiling point to
separate components of liquids
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Law of Conservation of Mass
• Law of Conservation of Mass– During a chemical
change, matter is not created or destroyed
– Mass before chemical change equals mass after chemical change
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Video Clips for Review
• Physical and Chemical Properties
• Chemical Versus Physical Changes