big era three - wordpress.com · 2014. 5. 2. · big era 2 check your answers below: changes that...

Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 – 1,000 BCE.

Big Era Three

Join us for the world tour!

STOP! I know what

you’re thinking!

Farming and complex societies?

Where did they come from?

I thought we were still hunting and gathering!

Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2

…and changes have always been—and still are—part of human

history.

Let’s look for a minute

at the changes that took place in Big Era Two.

You DO remember

Big Era Two, don’t you?

Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1

Farming and complex

societies are the result of

CHANGE…

Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2

Big Era Two is the era that covers the period from

200,000 to 10,000 years ago.

Big Era Two was fraught

with change.

Shall we do a

quick review?


200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today 10k years ago

Big Era 2


Homo erectus doing lunch

You will probably recall

that life 200,000 years

ago looked something like

this.

10k years ago 200k yrs ago

Human Origins

Today

Big Era 2


Homo sapiens at home

10,000 years ago at the close of Big Era Two, life looked more like

this:

Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago

Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago

Notice any changes?

Would you say there were:

(c) Lots of changes?

(b) Some changes?

(a) No changes?

If you said there were “(c) Lots of

changes,” you were obviously

paying attention during

Big Era Two.

If, on the other hand, you chose

“(a) No changes” or “(b) Some

changes,” you must have been out with the flu during Big Era

Two. (Hope you are feeling

better!).

Hints

So, we will go with “(c) Lots of

changes” in Big Era Two, right?

Before moving on, jot them

down.

Americas

Are these going to be on the test?

Do you recall any of them?

Boomerang

So, it’s antelope burgers

tonight, right?

1,000 years ago Today

Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Check your answers below:

Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2 (Beginning of Big Era 3)

1. Homo sapiens appear. 2. Language develops. 3. Habitats expand. 4. Technology multiplies. 5. Wall painting and

sculpture are created. End of Big Era Two

(Beginning of Big Era 3)

Keeping those changes in mind, let’s look

at life all the way at the end of Big Era Three, that

is, about 1,000 BCE.

1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Big Era 3


1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Big Era 3


Quite a few, Huh?

Notice any Differences?

Jot down some notes on what

events you think might have taken place

between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.

HERE? HERE to

So, how did we get from…

which reflects the DOMESTICATION of…

and plants animals


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :

Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism?

Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.

It resulted in the new way of living we know as

FARMING (AGRICULTURE)…


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

…which included both PASTORALISM

(herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels),

and…

Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated

plants),

and…


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

the development of…

FARMING COMMUNITIES


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Mesoamerica

Andes Amazonia

Eastern North America

New Guinea

China

Ethiopia

West Africa

Fertile Crescent

Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,

possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Nile valley

Prior to farming, population size in any one area was limited by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts.

Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for…

POPULATION INTENSIFICATION

That means population increases

in certain areas. Population in those areas became both larger and denser.

At the same time, farmers in some

places were, in spite of population growth,

able to produce SURPLUS food.

What does SURPLUS

FOOD PRODUCTION

mean for a society?

SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION… …means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task.

This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may

become: •  Weavers •  Stone Masons •  Potters •  Priests •  Scribes •  Traders •  Army officers

So, let’s have a quick review of that

last sequence of events.

Domestication of Plants and Animals

Farming

Surplus Food Specialization Population Intensification

Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Hint, hint!

You might want to make a note of these as we

go along.

Civilizations have a number of elements in common.

Civilization

Remember it. Write it down.

Did you catch that term?

Can you define

it?

Answer: A civilization is a complex society.

Elements of civilization include:

Mohenjo Daro

Hammurabi’s Law Code

It’s the law

Pharaohs

1) Cities

2) Central governments And Law codes

1) Cities

2) Central governments and law codes

Elements of Civilization include:

Can you identify

the society represented

by each of these two writing samples?

3) Writing and record keeping

4) Highly organized religions


4) Highly organized religion

5) Specialized Jobs

Full-time monk

Assyrian slaves In Egypt

6) Social Classes

1) Cities

2) Central Governments and law codes


7) Complex Technologies

Chariot 5) Specialized jobs

6) Social classes

Bronze Sword


4) Highly organized religion

1) Cities

2) Central governments and law codes


So, have you been paying

attention or doing a bit of day dreaming?

Let’s check!

Can you list some of the

elements of a civilization?

Clue: There were 7!

Good job, huh?

Check your answers below:

Good job if your list includes:

1. Cities 2. Central governments and law codes 3. Writing and record-keeping 4. Specialized jobs 5.  Social classes 6.  Complex technologies 7.  Highly organized religions

3,000 years ago

By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.

Are we supposed

to be taking notes on this?


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

By the end of Big Era Three, about 1000 BCE, there

were several well-established

civilizations in Afroeurasia.

There were also two new ones in the Americas.

At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the

Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.

Now, looking back over Big Era Three,

let’s review the major changes.


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

Domestication of Plants and Animals

Farming

Surplus Food Specialization Population Intensification

Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION


Big Eras 4-9

10,000 years ago

Big Era 3

Big Era 2

That translates into:

Farmers Herders Cities

Central governments Armies

Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies

Complex belief systems

In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.

.

Not only has life changed culturally and

technologically, but also the rate of change has

accelerated.

10k years ago

Art

200k yrs ago

Language Big Era 2

Big Era 1

Today

Big Eras 4-9

1k years ago

Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated

Plow farming

Law Codes

Chariots

Temple building

Sailing technology

Copper smelting

Alphabet

Wheel

Writing

Irrigation

Regular trade routes

Calendars

Pottery

Bow & arrow

Pyramids

Walled cities

Letters and envelopes

360-degree circle

BE3

Make a few notes and

discuss this question with your teacher and fellow students.

What factors do you think

might account for this

increasing rate of change?

You may have noticed that the difference

between the rate of change in Big Era Two and in Big Era Three is

enormous.

Come to think of it, things changed REALLY fast In

the 20th century. I wonder what the rate of change is going to be like in the 21st

century?

As you move on to Big Era Four (1,200

BCE to 500 AD), keep your eye on the rate of change. Does it keep increasing?

Level off? Slow down?

Do the factors you have identified as

affecting the rate of change in Big Era Two and Big Era Three still apply?

Well, that’s all for Big Era Three, but

don’t go away.

Hang on to your notes and

stay tuned for…

Big Era Four! Coming SOON to a classroom

near you.

big era three - wordpress.com · 2014. 5. 2. · big era 2 check your answers below: changes that...

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