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Farming and the Emergence of Complex Societies 10,000 – 1,000 BCE.
Big Era Three
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Join us for the world tour!
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STOP! I know what
you’re thinking!
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Farming and complex societies?
Where did they come from?
I thought we were still hunting and gathering!
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Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2
…and changes have always been—and still are—part of human
history.
Let’s look for a minute
at the changes that took place in Big Era Two.
You DO remember
Big Era Two, don’t you?
Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1
Farming and complex
societies are the result of
CHANGE…
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Today 10k years ago 200k yrs ago Big Era 2
Big Era Two is the era that covers the period from
200,000 to 10,000 years ago.
Big Era Two was fraught
with change.
Shall we do a
quick review?
Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1
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200k yrs ago
Human Origins
Today 10k years ago
Big Era 2
Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1
Homo erectus doing lunch
You will probably recall
that life 200,000 years
ago looked something like
this.
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10k years ago 200k yrs ago
Human Origins
Today
Big Era 2
Big Eras 3-9 Big Era 1
Homo sapiens at home
10,000 years ago at the close of Big Era Two, life looked more like
this:
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Homo erectus – 200,000 years ago
Homo sapiens – 10,000 years ago
Notice any changes?
Would you say there were:
(c) Lots of changes?
(b) Some changes?
(a) No changes?
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If you said there were “(c) Lots of
changes,” you were obviously
paying attention during
Big Era Two.
If, on the other hand, you chose
“(a) No changes” or “(b) Some
changes,” you must have been out with the flu during Big Era
Two. (Hope you are feeling
better!).
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Hints
So, we will go with “(c) Lots of
changes” in Big Era Two, right?
Before moving on, jot them
down.
Americas
Are these going to be on the test?
Do you recall any of them?
Boomerang
So, it’s antelope burgers
tonight, right?
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1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
Check your answers below:
Changes that occurred by the end of Big Era 2 (Beginning of Big Era 3)
1. Homo sapiens appear. 2. Language develops. 3. Habitats expand. 4. Technology multiplies. 5. Wall painting and
sculpture are created. End of Big Era Two
(Beginning of Big Era 3)
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Keeping those changes in mind, let’s look
at life all the way at the end of Big Era Three, that
is, about 1,000 BCE.
1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Big Era 3
Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2
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1,000 years ago 10,000 years ago Today Big Era 3
Big Eras 4-9 Big Era 2
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Quite a few, Huh?
Notice any Differences?
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Jot down some notes on what
events you think might have taken place
between 10,000 and 1,000 BCE.
HERE? HERE to
So, how did we get from…
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which reflects the DOMESTICATION of…
and plants animals
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
One of the major changes is reflected in this frieze on a wall in Mesopotamia (today Iraq) :
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Have you ‘herd’ about pastoralism?
Domestication of plants and animals was a monumental change.
It resulted in the new way of living we know as
FARMING (AGRICULTURE)…
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
…which included both PASTORALISM
(herding sheep, goats, cattle, horses, and camels),
and…
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Crop-growing (cultivating domesticated
plants),
and…
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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the development of…
FARMING COMMUNITIES
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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Mesoamerica
Andes Amazonia
Eastern North America
New Guinea
China
Ethiopia
West Africa
Fertile Crescent
Between about 12,000 and 1,000 BCE, farming appeared INDEPENDENTLY in a number of places,
possibly in all of the places marked in red on the map.
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
Nile valley
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Prior to farming, population size in any one area was limited by the availability of wild game, grain, berries, seeds, and nuts.
Farming and the large, relatively dependable crops it provides allowed for…
POPULATION INTENSIFICATION
That means population increases
in certain areas. Population in those areas became both larger and denser.
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At the same time, farmers in some
places were, in spite of population growth,
able to produce SURPLUS food.
What does SURPLUS
FOOD PRODUCTION
mean for a society?
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SURPLUS FOOD PRODUCTION… …means that not everyone has to grow food or tend animals. They can take on other tasks. They can specialize in some non-farming task.
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This is called… Job Specialization. Men and women may
become: • Weavers • Stone Masons • Potters • Priests • Scribes • Traders • Army officers
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So, let’s have a quick review of that
last sequence of events.
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Surplus Food Specialization Population Intensification
Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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Hint, hint!
You might want to make a note of these as we
go along.
Civilizations have a number of elements in common.
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Civilization
Remember it. Write it down.
Did you catch that term?
Can you define
it?
Answer: A civilization is a complex society.
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Elements of civilization include:
Mohenjo Daro
Hammurabi’s Law Code
It’s the law
Pharaohs
1) Cities
2) Central governments And Law codes
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1) Cities
2) Central governments and law codes
Elements of Civilization include:
Can you identify
the society represented
by each of these two writing samples?
3) Writing and record keeping
4) Highly organized religions
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3) Writing and record keeping
4) Highly organized religion
5) Specialized Jobs
Full-time monk
Assyrian slaves In Egypt
6) Social Classes
1) Cities
2) Central Governments and law codes
Elements of Civilization include:
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7) Complex Technologies
Chariot 5) Specialized jobs
6) Social classes
Bronze Sword
3) Writing and record keeping
4) Highly organized religion
1) Cities
2) Central governments and law codes
Elements of Civilization include:
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So, have you been paying
attention or doing a bit of day dreaming?
Let’s check!
Can you list some of the
elements of a civilization?
Clue: There were 7!
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Good job, huh?
Check your answers below:
Good job if your list includes:
1. Cities 2. Central governments and law codes 3. Writing and record-keeping 4. Specialized jobs 5. Social classes 6. Complex technologies 7. Highly organized religions
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3,000 years ago
By 3,000 BCE, societies in Southwest Asia and Egypt were developing elements of complex societies.
Are we supposed
to be taking notes on this?
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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By the end of Big Era Three, about 1000 BCE, there
were several well-established
civilizations in Afroeurasia.
There were also two new ones in the Americas.
At least two civilizations in Afroeurasia, the Minoan in the Mediterranean region and the
Harappan in the Indus River valley had already come and gone.
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Now, looking back over Big Era Three,
let’s review the major changes.
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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Domestication of Plants and Animals
Farming
Surplus Food Specialization Population Intensification
Complex Society, also known as CIVILIZATION
1,000 years ago Today
Big Eras 4-9
10,000 years ago
Big Era 3
Big Era 2
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That translates into:
Farmers Herders Cities
Central governments Armies
Monumental buildings Written language Social hierarchies
Complex belief systems
In 10,000 BCE none of these existed in the world. By 1,000 BCE they all did.
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.
Not only has life changed culturally and
technologically, but also the rate of change has
accelerated.
10k years ago
Art
200k yrs ago
Language Big Era 2
Big Era 1
Today
Big Eras 4-9
1k years ago
Dogs, sheep. goats, horses, wheat, rice, chiles, potatoes—all domesticated
Plow farming
Law Codes
Chariots
Temple building
Sailing technology
Copper smelting
Alphabet
Wheel
Writing
Irrigation
Regular trade routes
Calendars
Pottery
Bow & arrow
Pyramids
Walled cities
Letters and envelopes
360-degree circle
BE3
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Make a few notes and
discuss this question with your teacher and fellow students.
What factors do you think
might account for this
increasing rate of change?
You may have noticed that the difference
between the rate of change in Big Era Two and in Big Era Three is
enormous.
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Come to think of it, things changed REALLY fast In
the 20th century. I wonder what the rate of change is going to be like in the 21st
century?
As you move on to Big Era Four (1,200
BCE to 500 AD), keep your eye on the rate of change. Does it keep increasing?
Level off? Slow down?
Do the factors you have identified as
affecting the rate of change in Big Era Two and Big Era Three still apply?
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Well, that’s all for Big Era Three, but
don’t go away.
Hang on to your notes and
stay tuned for…
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Big Era Four! Coming SOON to a classroom
near you.