bhargava 05112012
TRANSCRIPT
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Global Technology Trends in Solar PV Power :
R&D and Commercial
5thNovember, 2012
Dr. B. Bhargava
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Solar Cells : Technology Options
Crystalline Silicon solar cells
- Single, Multi, Ribbon
Thin Film solar cells- Silicon, a-Si, m-Si, CdTe, CIGS
Concentrating solar cells
- Si, GaAs
Dye, Organic, nano materials & other emerging solar cells
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Solar Cell Best Efficiencies: World
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TECHNOLOGY AREA EFF. Group
SQ. CM. %
SINGLE CRYSTAL 64.00 19.7 CEL
MULTI CRYSTAL 100.00 16.8 Tata BP
a-Si SINGLE JUNCTION 1.00 12.0 IACS
a-Si MULTI JUNCTION 1.00 11.5 IACS
a-Si/c-Si(nc-Si) 1.00 9.0 IACS
CdTe 1.00 12.0 NPL
CIGS 0.41 13.0 IISCSi FILMS 0.98 8.7 Jadavpur
Dye Sensitized 1.00 9.5 Amrita
Organic cells 1.00 6.2 NPL
Solar Cell Best Efficiencies: India
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Crystalline Silicon Solar Module Efficiency
TYPICAL IN PRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL INDIAN
SINGLE CRYSTAL 15 20.4 % 14 17 %
MULTI CRYSTAL 13
16% 13
16%
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
World PV Production Growth
GW
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World PV Market and Production: 2011
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World Top 10 PV Manufacturers: 2011
3
2.8
2.4
2.3
2.2
2
1.9
1.7
1.5
1.5
LDK
Sharp
Suntech
First Solar
JA Solar
Canadian
Trina
Yangli
Hanwah
Jinko
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
GW
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World: 2011 PV Equipment Suppliers
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Location Capacity MWp Technology
Perovo. Ukraine 100 c-si
Sarnia, Canada 92 CdTe
Montalto di Castro, Italy 84 c-Si
Finsterwalde, Germany 83
c-Si
Ohotnikovo, Ukraine 80 c-Si
Senftenberg, Germany 78 c-Si
Lieberose, Germany 71 CdTe
Rovigo, Italy 70
c-Si
Olmedilla de Alarcn, Spain 60 c-Si
Boulder City, USA 55 CdTe
World Top 10 PV Plants: 2011
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Major PV Markets : 2010 & 2011
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Solar for India Most parts of India receive
good solar radiation 4- 7kWh/sq. m/day
Possible to meet growingenergy demands and coverdeficit areas
Can substantially reduceconsumption of keroseneand diesel for lighting andpower generation
Provide access andempowerment at grass rootlevel
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15
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission
Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission is one of themajor global initiatives in promotion of solar energytechnologies, announced by the Government of Indiaunder National Action Plan on Climate Change.
Mission aims to achieve grid tariff parity by 2022through
- Large scale utilization and rapid diffusion anddeployment of solar technologies across the country
at a scale which leads to cost reduction- R&D
- Local manufacturing and support infrastructure
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JNNSM Road MapApplication segment Target for
Phase I
(2010-13)
Cumulative
Target for
Phase 2
(2013-17)
Cumulative
Target for
Phase 3
(2017-22)
Grid solar powerincl. roof top &
distribution grid
connected plants
1,000 MW
100 MW
4,000 MW10,000 MW
20,000 MW
Off-grid solar
applications
200 MW 1,000 MW 2,000 MW
Solar collectors 7 million
sq meters
15 million
sq meters
20 million sq
meters
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JNNSM Strategy
Graduated deployment to nucleate critical mass till costscome down and thereafter rapid scale up
Consultative process to finalize the guidelines
Enabling policy and regulatory frame work
Supporting Utility scale power generation
Expanding off-grid applications
Accelerating Research and Development
Enhancing Domestic manufacturing base
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Fiscal Incentives
100% Foreign Direct Investment
Zero Customs & Excise Duties on solar cells, modules andmany raw materials and grid power projects
5% Customs and Excise duty on many other raw materials,components
Tax - holiday for (i) setting up units in backward andspecified areas; and (ii) grid power projects
80% accelerated depreciation in the first year for certaincapital investments
Grant for carrying out research and development andtechnology validation projects
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20 23 36 45
65 80
135
240
300
600
20 22 25 32 37 45
110
175
240
320
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Year
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
ProductioninMW
SolarCell
PVModule
Growth in Indian PV Production
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Indian PV Industry
More than 80 companies, with installed capacity of over 1.8GW make PV modules (As of March, 2012)
- 15 companies manufacture solar cells (> 700 MW installed
capacity)
Manufacturing of various raw materials, components,devices and systems is coming up/expanding (Poly silicon,wafers, glass, EVA, back sheet, grid inverters, off-grid
BoS, structures etc.)
Production capacity of 3-5 GWp likely by 2020
20
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Status of PV in India
Lights
90
Pumps
14
Off grid Plants
62
Grid Plants
1044
Railways
55Telecom
65
Others
270
Int Projects
1000
2600 MW : 53,00,000 SYSTEMS
30/09/2012
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Grid Solar PV Power Plants in India
1044 MW capacity new Grid Solar Power projectscommissioned by September, 2012 in 16 States
22
Gujarat680
Rajasthan199
A. P.22
Maharashtra20
Jharkhand16
T. N.15
Karnataka14
Others80
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PV Capital Cost & CERC Tariff Trends
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Proposed Cost Goal for PV : 2017
PV Module : < Rs. 30 per Wp
BoS : < Rs. 25 per Wp
Cost of Electricity : ~ Rs. 4 - 6 per kWh
24
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Projection for Grid Parity in India
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22
Solar
Tariff 5%
Tariff 3%
HT Tariff 3%
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R&D Strategy Research at Academic/ Research Institutions on materials
and devices with long-term perspective
Applied Research on existing processes and developingnew technologies
Technology Validation aimed at field evaluation ofmaterials, components and systems
Development of Centers of Excellence on different aspects
of Solar Energy in research and education & Testing andCharacterization
Support for Incubation and Innovation
International collaborationsinstitutional/industrial
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R&D in PV
- Focus on development of materials, devices and BOSincluding storage materials and methods
- Identify research goals and thrust areas of research
- Support research across the entire value chain- Involve industry in research and technology validation
projects
- The outcome of the research should lead to (i)
improvements in the efficiencies, (ii) reduction in thematerial and energy consumption in manufacturing, (iii)improving the reliability, quality and life expectancy of thebalance of system components.
This will lead to achieving grid tariff parity during 2015 - 2017
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Recent Initiatives in PV R&D
Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi Solar)
20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-Mumbai)
10 12% efficiency nano crystalline thin film modules
(IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-New Delhi, BES
University,-Howrah) 12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, KIIT
University)
10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre,
IIT-Kanpur) 6% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells (IIT-
Delhi, Delhi University)
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Recent Initiatives in PV R&D
Long term performance evaluation and training facility for Grid SolarPV Power at KPCL, Bangalore
Long term performance evaluation and testing of solar lights at TERI
University, New Delhi
Long term performance evaluation of PV modules at SEC
Development of batteries (CECRI-SEC)
Development of inverters (IIT-B, BES University)
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30
Solar Energy Centre
Solar Energy Centre (SEC) near New Delhi under the Ministry is the leadCentre for testing and training in solar energy in the country
SEC has NABL accredited testing facilities for PV module qualification asper Indian and International standards
SEC is imparting training in solar energy at various levels
SEC is regularly conducting international training programmes in solarenergy
Demonstration of several solar PV and thermal applications includingsetting up of 1 MW capacity solar thermal simulation and validationfacility at SEC is under progress
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Solar PV outdoor test bed at SEC
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PV R&D Goals towards 2022
Type of Solar cell Present Status
Production
(R&D)
Conversion efficiency target(%)
2012 2017 2022
Single Crystal
silicon solar cell
1517%
(19.7%)
18 (20) 22(24) 24 (26)
Multi Crystal
silicon solar cell
14.516.5%
(16.8%)
17 20(22) 22 (24)
Thin-film a-Si
solar cell
(Single/multi jn)
57%
(912%)
8 (13) 10 (14) 12 (15)
Thin-film a-
Si/mc Si or nc
tandem solar cell
(11%) 9(12) 13 (16) 16 (20)
Polycrystalline
solar cell
Cd Te (12%)
CIGS (13%)
13 (16) 18 (22)
(15) 15(20) 20(25)
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PV R&D Goals towards 2022
Type of Solar cell Present Status
Production
(R&D)
Conversion efficiency target(%)
2012 2017 2022
Dye/ organic
nano based solar
cell
(3-9.5%) (5 -12) 7-9 (15) 12-15 (20)
Multi junction
Conc solar cell
GaAS group
-- 35(40) 40 (43)
Conc Cells Si - 25 (28) 27 (30)
Module Life
in years
25 25 > 30 > 35
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Conclusions
Indian policies have created investmentfriendly environment in the country forentire range of activities announced underthe Mission
India centric R&D and local manufacturingnecessary to reduce the cost to achieve gridparity preferably by 2015-17
Partnerships necessary with globalstakeholders
India to be a major global player in PV
technology
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Thank You