Bell Work

Read “A Story That Matters” on page 396 and answer the

following questions:What kinds of leisure activities do people

engage in now?

How much time do you spend on leisure activities?

Bell Work

This is your bell work, but we will discuss this for the majority of the class period.

Read “Marx and Engels Proclaim the Classless Society” on page 402. Answer

the two questions at the bottom of the page. This should take you about 15-20

min.

Bell Work

Bell Work: Read Science, Technology & Society on page 398. Why were early cars

expensive? What are some expensive cars today and why do you think they are

expensive?

Bell Work

Read “The Way It Was” on page 408-409 and answer the first two questions.

Your essay is due today. Turn it in up front.

Due to my absence yesterday, the test has been rescheduled for Wednesday Jan. 23, 2013.

Bell Ringer- Tuesday

What do you remember about the First Industrial Revolution? Child Labor, inventions, change in how people lived, etc. Write about what you remember and what was important. 4-5 Sentences.

Chapter 13

Mass Society and Democracy: 1870-1914

Section 1: The Growth of Industrial Prosperity

The Second Industrial Revolution led to industry and growth in the making of steel, chemicals, electricity and the discovery of oil.

Between 1870 and 1914 steel replaced iron because steel was just as strong, but lighter.

This led to faster machines, engines, and more railroads.

New energy from electricity was very valuable, because it can be converted into heat, light, or motion.

This led to the building of hydroelectric and coal fired power plants.

Electricity was the foundation of many new inventions such as the light bulb, telephone, and radio.

The light bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in the U.S. and Joseph Swan in Great Britain.

Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 and Guglielmo Marconi sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901.

Electricity also had an effect on transportation as more and more cities added streetcars and subways.

Electricity also meant factories could now run around the clock.

Streetcar

The development of the internal combustion engine lead to new kinds of transportation such as: ocean liners, airplanes, and automobile.

Increased wages and lower transportation costs led to increased sales of manufactured goods via department stores.

A true world economy developed during this time. Europe dominated the world economy by the early 1900s.

Bell Work- Wednesday

Do you think the radio or the telephone was the most important invention for it’s time?

Why or why not? Was there another invention more important?

Industrial workers formed socialist political parties and unions to improve their working conditions.

Karl Marx developed the theory they were based on.

In 1848 Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published The Communist Manifesto.

They were appalled by industrial working conditions and blamed capitalism. They proposed a new social system later known as communism.

Marx believed that history was dominated by a history of class struggle between oppressing owners and the oppressed workers.

He also believed that society was becoming more divided between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat.

Marx predicted the proletariats would overthrow the bourgeoisie and form a dictatorship and this would produce a society without classes or class conflict.

Socialist parties emerged across Europe. Some socialist groups looked to violently overthrow capitalism while others (revisionist) looked to work with other parties for reforms.

Trade unions also emerged. They won the right to strike to achieve reforms.

By 1914 there were four million workers in British trade unions.

Bell Ringer Thursday - 3rd Week 1. What kinds of leisure activities do people engage in now?2. How much time do you spend on leisure activities?

Important Questions from Section 1 1. Karl Marx believed society was being

divided between the bourgeoisie and who? 2. How did communism come to be? Check

notes on Karl Marx. 3. What types of modes of transportation

came because of internal combustion engine?

4. Who invented the telephone/lightbulb? 5. What replaced the production of iron? 6. By 1914 about how many British workers

were in trade unions?

Read and Discuss Pg. 398

Bell Work- Friday

Class Work

List three inventions from this period of time that has had a direct affect on our lives. Write one paragraph explaining how each invention has affected our lives.

3 total paragraphs, 4 sentences each.

Chapter 13 Section 2 By the end of the 19th century, mass

society had emerged and the concerns of the majority (lower class) were important.

Between 1800 and 1900 the population in London grew from 960,000 to 6.5 million.

Cities grew because of rural migration to the urban centers.

This was because of the lack of jobs in rural areas and improved living conditions in the cities.

City governments began to improve the quality of housing and inspected buildings for public health hazards.

Essential to public health is clean water and proper sewage systems.

Dams, reservoirs, aqueducts, and tunnels provided clean water to the cities.

Underground pipes took sewage out of the cities and into rivers.

Monday- Bell Ringer

1. Why does Susan B. Anthony claim that giving women the right to vote will benefit men as well as women?

In 1800 family roles mainly defined women. Women were legally to and economically dependent on men.

The Second Industrial Revolution opened the door to new jobs for women.

Women began taking jobs as secretaries, clerks, typists, and they also expanded into education, social work, and health.

Modern feminism began during the Enlightenment. The movement in the 1800’s began with a fight for the right of women to own property.

Women sought access to universities and traditional male fields of employment.

Florence Nightingale and Clara Barton transformed nursing into a profession of trained, middle class, “women in white.”

In the 1840s women began to demand equal political rights. The British women’s movement was the most active in Europe.

In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters founded the Women’s Social and Political Union.

They chained themselves to lampposts, pelted politicians with eggs, and smashed the windows of department stores to call attention to their cause.

Before WWI, only in Norway and some states in the U.S. did women receive the right to vote.

The upheavals after WWI finally made the male dominated governments in the West give in on this issue.

Universal education was a product of the mass society of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Before then, education was primarily for the wealthy and upper middle class.

Between 1870 and 1914 most Western governments began to set up state-sponsored primary schools.

Boys and girls between 6 and 12 were required to attend.

The first female colleges were really teacher-training institutes.

One reason for this commitment to education was because industries needed skilled, knowledgeable labor.

The chief motive for education was political. Extending the right to vote called for a better-educated public.

The increased education increased literacy.

Where there was universal schooling, by 1900 most adults could read.

In countries such as Russia where there was no universal schooling, almost 80% of adults could not read.

Increased literacy helped spread newspapers.

Study Guide Questions 1. Boys and girls of what age were required to

go to school? 2. What was the most active women’s

movement in Europe? 3. Between 1800 to 1900 what did London’s

population grow from to what? 4. What did city governments start to ensure

happened in cities? Sewage…..etc. 5. Why did people begin to move to big cities? 6. Before this time who were the only people to

go to school?

Bell Ringer- Tuesday 1. What roles do men and women have in this cartoon? Are they traditional?

2. Does this cartoon support women's suffrage?

Social Classes

Working Middle Wealthy

Rural: Landowning peasants, farm laborers, sharecroppers.

Urban: artisans, laborers, domestic servants.

Upper: industrialists, bankers, merchants.

Lower: shopkeepers, traders, prosperous peasants.

Aristocrats, business tycoons.

Section 3 By the late 19th century, progress had

been made in establishing constitutions, parliaments, and individual liberties in the main European states.

This included Great Britain, France, and Italy.

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia pursued policies different from other European nations.

The US began to expand abroad by the end of the 19th century.

The Samoan and Hawaiian Islands were annexed.

Queen Liliuokalani tried to retain control of her kingdom in Hawaii, but the US sent in troops.

In 1898, the US defeated Spain in the Spanish-American War and gained Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

By 1900 the US had an empire.

Bismarck formed the Triple Alliance with Austria-Hungary and Italy in 1882.

He claimed it was a defensive alliance against France.

In 1890, William II fired Bismarck and pursued a foreign policy of enhancing Germany’s power and dropped Germany’s alliance with Russia.

In 1894, France and Russia made an alliance. Great Britain later joined to form the Triple Entente.

Europe was now divided into two sides. Balkan provinces of the Ottoman Empire

had gradually gained independence over the 19th century. Greece, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro were independent by 1878.

Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed into Austria in 1908.

The Serbs opposed the annexation because they wanted their own nation. Russia supported the Serbs and Germany supported Austria.

Important Questions Section 3

1. What countries formed the Triple Entente?2. What territories did the United States gain in the

Spanish American War?3. After firing Bismarck who did William II drop as a

ally?

Section 4 New views on science developed during

the early 20th century. Scientist such as Marie Curie and Albert

Einstein made their marks on science. Curie discovered radium and studied

atoms. Einstein developed his theory of relativity. Matter was now believed to be energy,

therefore leading to the Atomic Age.

At the turn of the century, Dr. Sigmund Freud proposed groundbreaking theories about the human mind and human nature.

Freud argued that human behavior is strongly influenced by past and internal forces that people are unaware of.

To help rid people of these repressed unconscious forces, Freud proposed a method called psychoanalysis.

The combination of extreme nationalism and racism that came out of social Darwinism was most evident in Germany.

Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a Briton who became a German citizen, argued that Germans were the only pure successors of the Aryans and that the Jews were the enemy of the Aryan race.

Social Darwinism was also applied in business as well. Successful businessmen argued that the poor people were just weak and lazy.

Anti-Semitism is hostility and discrimination against Jews and a significant feature of modern European history.

Since the Middle Ages, Jews had been portrayed as the murderers of Christ, subjected to mob violence, and had their rights restricted.

In the 19th century, Jews had increasingly assumed positions within mainstream European society.

The Dreyfus affair in France showed that these gains were tenuous.

Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French army, was accused of selling military secrets. He was convicted even though the evidence proved his innocence and pointed to a Catholic officer.

Public outrage finally resulted in a new trial and pardon for Dreyfus.

The worst treatment of Jews was in eastern Europe. This led to a mass emigration to the US and Palestine.

Zionist wanted to establish a Jewish state.

Important Questions Section 4

1. Where did the Jews of Eastern Europe flock as a result of their bad treatment?

2. What is Anti-Semetism? 3. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, a Briton

who became a German citizen, argued that Germans were the only pure successors of who?

4. What did Marie Curie discover? What did Freud believe affected human

behavior?

Chapter 13 Test Tomorrow

You have had the study guide all week, so use that as a guide to study.