bell work: please pick up a copy of the the 5 most important handout from the front table. find your...
TRANSCRIPT
Wednesday, August 21st
Bell Work: Please pick up a copy of the The 5 Most Important handout from the front table. Find your assigned seat and
begin completing the worksheet.
Daily Agenda:
Bell Work: The 5 Most Important
Word of the Day function
Lecture: Reconstruction Era
SFI Review
Essential Question: Why can Radical Reconstruction be seen as both a success and failure?
Homework: Study for Unit 5 Test (Tomorrow)
Complete the following analogy for the mathematical term function.
Function : Numbers :: Recipe : __________
Analogy Wednesday, August 21, Block 2
Function – a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the
function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function).
)
Function : Numbers :: Recipe : Ingredients A function needs numbers to solve the problem
like a recipe needs ingredients to bake a cake.
Function – a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the
range of the function).
Analogy Wednesday, August 21, Block 2
Create a caption for this picture using the word
function! Remember, a caption is a message beneath a picture that adds more information.
Create a Caption Wednesday, August 21, Block 4
Function – a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the
range of the function).
Spheres go in and rectangular prisms come out. That is what functions are all about.
Function – a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of
another set (the range of the function). (Possible Answer)
Create a Caption Wednesday, August 21,Block 4
Reconstruction Era
Healing a Nation and Moving Forward
“If there is any stain on the present Administration, it is that they have been weak enough to deal too leniently with those traitors. I know it sprung from goodness of heart; it sprung from the best of motives; but, sir, as a method of putting down this rebellion, mercy to traitors is cruelty to loyal men. Look into the seceded States, and see thousands of loyal men there coerced into their armies to run the hazard of their lives, and placed in the damnable position of perjured traitors by force of arms.” -- Benjamin Wade, Speech to the Senate, April 1862
Would Wade have been considered a radical or a moderate? Explain your answer.
What to do with the South?
What is the political and legal status of the former Confederate States when the war ends?
Lincoln’s Ten Percent plan – easy Congress tried their own with the Wade-Davis Bill –
harder Lincoln killed it with a pocket veto.
What is a pocket veto?
Lincoln’s Ten Percent plan was going to be used until Ford Theatre.
New President Andrew Johnson was going to go with Lincoln’s plan, but upset the Radical Republicans.
“If you could extend the elective franchise to all persons of color who can read the Constitution of the United States in English and write their names and to all persons of color who own real estate valued at not less than two hundred and fifty dollars and pay taxes thereon, and would completely disarm the adversary. This you can do with perfect safety. And as a consequence, the radicals, who are wild upon negro franchise, will be completely foiled in their attempts to keep the Southern States from renewing their relations to the Union.” -- Andrew Johnson, letter to Mississippi Gov. William Sharkey, June 1865
Based on this quote, what were Johnson’s views about giving freedmen voting rights? Do you believe Johnson’s views about voting rights for freedmen were common? Why or why not?
Radical Reconstruction
So Radical Republicans take over
Led by Thaddeus Stevens
(PA) Charles Sumner
(Mass) Remember him?
With Brooks?
In 1866 they had 2/3 majority in Congress.
Passed the Reconstruction Act of 1867 Johnson vetoed,
but overridden Made Military
districts
End of Slavery
Officially ended with the 13th Amendment
But the South then passed Black Codes.
What is the difference between Black Codes and slavery?
The Congress then passed the Civil Rights Act (1866) over Johnson’s veto.
Soon after passed the 14th Amendment.
Civil Rights “No discrimination
of race, creed, or color”
Also rules for southern states to rejoin Union.
IMPEACHMENT
President Johnson had vetoed many pieces of legislation. The Radical Republicans set up a trap:
Tenure in Office Act – President could not remove cabinet officers without 2/3 vote of Senate.
Sec. of War Edwin Stanton was fired and the House drew up Impeachment charges against Johnson.
In 1868, after a 3-month trial in Senate, Johnson was one vote short of being removed from office.
(Who is the only other President to be Impeached?)
“It was pretended at the time and it has since been asserted by historians and publicists that Mr. Johnson's Reconstruction policy was only a continuation of that of Mr. Lincoln. This is true only in a superficial sense, but not in reality. Mr. Lincoln had indeed put forth reconstruction plans which contemplated an early restoration of some of the rebel states. But he had done this while the Civil War was still going on, and for the evident purpose of encouraging loyal movements in those States and of weakening the Confederate State government there. Had he lived, he would have as ardently wished to stop bloodshed and to reunite as he ever did. But is it to be supposed for a moment that, seeing the late master class in the South intent upon subjecting the freedmen again to a system very much akin to slavery, Lincoln would have consented to abandon those freemen to the mercies of that master class?”
-- Carl Schurz, excerpt from his autobiography, 1906
In your view, is Schurz sympathetic to Johnson or critical of him? Explain your answer.
Freedmen’s Bureau
The Freedmen’s Bureau was established in 1865 to assist the newly freed slaves. At first had authority to give them confiscated
farmlands. 40 acres and a mule idea Stopped when President Johnson pardoned
Confederates and they got their land back. But most of the success came in the establishment
of schools and hospitals throughout the south (and some reuniting of families)
“The Lay of a Freedman “- Staunton Spectator (Sept.
1865) Ise Free! Ise Free! de 'pfessor's yoke,
De sword am cut in two,And darfore white men let me spoke,For Ise as free as you.
From massa, Oberseer and Lash,Ise free as you 'em aware,Ise free--to sleep in swamp and marsh--Ise free--to feed on Air.
De yankee Preachers preach to kill,Dey squench the Spirits thirst;I wish dare Bread of Life would fillDe empty stummuck fust.
Dey talk about De Promised land,Wiv milk and honey flowing,But when I reaches out de hand,Dar's no setch rations going.
Ise free to work for Daily Bread,And butter if I can,"And dis," de white man says to Ned,"Dis is to be a man!"
I s'pose it am; I bress de LordDat Linkum guv me free!But nebberd'less its berry hard,To starve on Liberty.
How do you feel the author of the Staunton Spectator source would have viewedthe impact and importance of the Freedmen’s Bureau legislation? How he might have viewed the law and Freedmen’s Bureau if he had been asked to write a letter to the editor of the Staunton Spectator, or if he had been asked to testify before Congress as the government considered the Freedmen’s Bureau bill.
Southern Politics during Reconstruction
Scalawags – white southerners who joined Republicans
Mainly small farmers
Carpetbaggers – Northerners who moved south
Bad reputation because of some
The new freedmen, Scalawags, and Carpetbaggers formed Republican majorities in many southern states around 1870. Hiram Revels – 1st black U.S.
Senator Blanche Bruce - 2nd
As more Democrats regained the right to vote and intimidation took over, they lost power.
Southern Economy in Reconstruction Economy in ruins after the war.
Confederate bonds worthless Physical damage - $100 million in GA and SC alone Property values much lower Cotton prices lower (India, Egypt now in world
market) Sharecropping and Tenant Farming develop. Bourbon Rule – (land) rich still had most of the
power Henry Grady – Atlanta Constitution – “change
southern economy”
Based on what is visible in the source, how is the Ku Klux Klan represented? According to the source, how does the Klan enforce or execute its will or practice?
What is the caption at the bottom of the source? What sort of inference can youmake from the caption about the cartoonist’s view of the Democratic Party?
Intimidation
Ku Klux Klan started out against Republican rule in the south.
Nathan Bedford Forrest – founder, but later denounced it. White Camellia Knights – another radical group
Enforcement Acts and President Grant helped put the KKK down
Would come back later in the 1920s Ida B. Wells – would lead an anti-lynching campaign in the
late 1800s
Reconstruction in North Gilded Age Politics – notorious for corruption
Grant’s Presidency: Credit Mobilier scandal involving railroads skimming off the
top Whiskey Ring, Navy Ring, Indian Ring
Panic of 1873 Railroad speculation (bubble) cause banking crises
“Waving the Bloody Shirt” – Republican use it to unite party People in North grew tired of Reconstruction Social Darwinism idea in business, but also with races
Redemption
Amnesty Act of 1872 left only the top 500 confederate unable to serve
Democrats would take back over government “yellow-dog democrats”
Election of 1876 Rep – Rutherford B. Hayes Dem – Samuel Tilden
Tilden had the most votes, but 3 states were in question for fraud
Compromise of 1877 Hayes wins and military reconstruction ends
In the source, what do you believe the phrase “Tilden If By Blood” means?
What does the author note about “Hayes and Wheeler”?
The New South
“Lost Cause” – looking back to “old south” Redeemer Governments – South is democratically controlled
until after World War II Jim Crow Laws – Segregation laws
“as the army marched out, Jim Crow marched in” Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – Supreme Court supported
“separate by equal” doctrine (legally allowed segregation) Atlanta Compromise speech by Booker T. Washington
“accepting of segregation,” idea of self-help with education and skills
Clicker Review
Please come grab a clicker from the front table and return to your seat.
The idea of “Fifty-four Forty or Fight” applied to what area?
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Response GridAnswer Now
The United States tried to acquire what area with the
Ostend Manifesto?
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A. OregonB. AlaskaC. CubaD. Santé FeE. Texas
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What candidate won the 1844 election on the issue of expansion in Oregon and Texas?
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In what 1800s Treaty did the U.S. and Britain discuss the idea of jointly
building a canal in Central America?
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Who was not a part of the Texas fight for independence?
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A. Sam HoustonB. John FremontC. Davy CrockettD. William TravisE. James Bowie
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What was proposed that said that any lands acquired in the Mexican War
were forbidden to have slaves?
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A. Goliad ProclamationB. Gadsden PurchaseC. Bloody Spot ResolutionD. Wilmot ProvisoE. Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty
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What was not an effect of the Mexican War?
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A. Texas became free of MexicoB. Slavery was the main issue in the U.S.C. Lands in Southwest now controlled by U.S.D. Trained soldiers to fight for Civil WarE. U.S. paid $15 million for Mexican Cession
The idea of Manifest Destiny included all of the following beliefs
EXCEPT:
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A. Commerce and industry would decline as the nation expanded its agricultural base.
B. The use of land for settled agriculture was preferable to its use for nomadic hunting.
C. Westward expansion was both inevitable and beneficial.
D. God had selected America as a chosen land and people.
E. The ultimate extent of the American domain was to be from the tropics to the Artic.
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In 1893 historian Frederick Jackson Turner expressed his belief that the American frontier
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A. had little impact on the development of the American character
B. would continually be of benefit to Americans because it would never end
C. hindered the growth of American democracyD. was a vital factor in the development of
American values, particularly the spirit of democracy
E. was of no importance
Response GridAnswer Now
The incident between Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner in 1856 proved
that
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B. sectional violence had spread to the Kansas territory
C. sectional violence had spread to the floor of Congress
D. the violence that occurred during Bleeding Kansas would be repeated in other territories
E. the Constitution was not meant to include African-American slaves
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Why did non-slaveholding southerners support the slave
system?
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A. some hoped to be slaveholdersB. they readily accepted the racist assumptions of
slaveryC. they feared what freed slaves might doD. as long as slaves were in the social order, poor
whites were not at the bottom of the social pyramid
E. all of the above
The Supreme Court’s decision in the Dred Scott case in 1857
effectively repealed the
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A. Missouri CompromiseB. Fugitive Slave ActC. Ostend ManifestoD. Wilmot ProvisoE. Eleventh Amendment
The concept of popular sovereignty
involves
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A. squatter’s rights to free land in the WestB. the open sale of land in the Mexican cessionC. removal of Native Americans from the Great
PlainsD. the enforcement of fugitive slave lawsE. territorial citizens choosing to be slave or free
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The South’s decision to secede from the Union was
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B. expressly permitted under the U.S. Constitution
C. quietly allowed by RepublicansD. joined immediately by most southern
statesE. led by Stephen Douglas
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Who was the radical abolitionist was wrote his views in The Liberator and involved
women in his fight against slavery?
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A. John BrownB. William Lloyd GarrisonC. Sojourner TruthD. Frederick DouglasE. Harriet Beecher Stowe
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Who successfully pushed through both the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska
Act?
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A. John C. CalhounB. Henry ClayC. Jefferson DavisD. Franklin PierceE. Stephen Douglas
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In the presidential election of 1860
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A. Abraham Lincoln won a majority of both the electoral and popular votes
B. the House of Representatives needed to choose the winner, as no candidate received a majority of electoral votes
C. Tennessean John Bell carried most of the Southern statesD. Lincoln's name did not even appear on a number of
Southern state ballotsE. the Democratic Party's Northern and Southern leadership
supported the candidacy of Stephen Douglas
Who came up with a 3-part plan to defeat the Confederacy in the Civil
War?
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A. Robert E. LeeB. Abraham LincolnC. Thomas “Stonewall” JacksonD. George McClellanE. Winfield Scott
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President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation after
what battle?
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20% 1. Shiloh2. Gettysburg3. Vicksburg4. Appomattox5. Antietam
Who would lead the “march to the sea” and idea of total war?
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A. Ulysses S. GrantB. William T. ShermanC. Robert E. LeeD. George McClellanE. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
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Northern Democrats that were against the war were known as
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A. CopperheadsB. CarpetbaggersC. ScallywagsD. Billy YanksE. Johnny Rebs
Which was not an advantage of the Union in the beginning of the Civil
War?
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A. Railroad mileageB. Liquid assets in BanksC. Infrastructure of governmentD. Manufacturing capabilitiesE. Fighting on own land
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The suspension of habeas corpus in 1861
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B. illustrates the growth of presidential power during the Civil War
C. applied throughout the entire UnionD. was not challenged by the Supreme CourtE. only resulted in the arrest of a few
Confederate sympathizers in Maryland
Response Grid
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Which two battles, occurring in the same week of 1863, proved to be significant
victories for Union forces in the western and eastern theaters of the Civil War?
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Reflection Questions
What would be some lasting effects on the South of Reconstruction?
What could Abraham Lincoln have done differently if he had been President during Reconstruction?
Why did the north tire of Reconstruction? How did Reconstruction set the stage for the
next 100 years in the United States? What are the three Reconstruction
amendments and what do each of them do?