PS 3-13

Thursday –Friday volcano information

Old assigned homework

• Questions on pg 717 2,3,7

• Hand in movie handout

For periods 1 and 3

Movie clip

What are the researchers using to help predict eruptions of the volcano on the island?

Take note of the pyroclastic flows shown in the movie. Why do they move fastest when moving down the side of the mountain?

Finish notes

Any information not previously covered

Parts of a volcano• Vent – opening where molten rock is pushed out to the surface of

earth

• Magma Chamber - Chamber below volcano, holds the molten rock used in eruption

• Cone – mound created from solid material released from previous eruption

• Crater – hole (depression) at the top of volcano created by volcanic explosion

• Caldera – depression left on top of the volcano created by the collapse of the magma chamber

What are the differences and similarities between:

• Fumaroles• Geysers• Hot Springs• Mud-pots

Fumaroles

Fumarole

An opening in the earth that emit gases

May be found some distance from the from the main vent

Gases are heated by the volcanic sources, travel through cracks and fractures to surface

Hot Springs

Hot Springs

• Openings that are filled with water that is heated by nearby volcanic activity

• The water may range from mild to scalding, and include both helpful and toxic minerals

Geyser

Geysers

A hot spring with specific ideal physical arrangement that allows it to periodically erupt

No convection, cold water cap over volcanically heated water

Mud Pots

Mud Pots

• Similar to a hot spring

• Form in places where water is scarce

• Mixture of a little water and volcanic ash

Where are volcanoes found in the world?

ConvergentDivergent

Other

One other place of volcano formation

• Hot Spots

• Created because a narrow stream of hot mantle raises up from the core-mantle boundary

• Long lasting point of heat, stationary with respect to the plates

• If formed under ocean crust, creates an island arc

Places where there might be a hot spot

• Hawaii• Yellowstone• Iceland• Tahiti

• Up to 50 places in the world

Types of lava

Aa-

Pahoehoe-

Pillow lava-

Difference is based location and composition

Homework

• New Handout (Section 7.1-7.2)

• Section 7.1– All Questions except 4

Section 7.2questions 1-6 and 10

Where do quiet volcanoes form?

• Connected to hot spots

• Subduction boundaries related ocean to ocean

• Galapagos Islands• Hawaiian islands• Easter Islands• Canary Islands

Do volcanoes only exist on earth?

• What is needed to produce a volcano?

• How would the eruption of a volcano on a small moon differ from the earth’s eruptions?

Oympus Mons

Facts about Olympus

• Largest volcano in the solar system• Not active• 370 miles wide, 16 miles high• Cliffs rim the edge up to 3 miles high

• Generated by a hot spot

Why is this volcano so much larger than others?

• Gravity (or lack of it)

• Plate Tectonics (or lack of it)

Io

Io is a moon about Jupiter

• Most volcanically active spot in the solar system

• Little gravitational pull and no atmosphere allow plumes to rise great distances

Where do Composite volcanoes form?

• Formed at Subduction zones between continental and oceanic plates

Where do cinder volcanoes form?

• Small 10-100’s m high

• Found on flanks of other types of volcano

• Not as much volcanic material-secondary vents

What is used to predict the future eruption of a volcano?

• Earthquake activity• Change in chemical composition of the

gases released by the volcano• Change in the shape of the lava dome• Change in volcanic activity of mountain

Review/Learn

Parts of volcanoTypes of volcanoHazards of volcano eruptionBenefits of volcanoesSpecific volcanoesSigns of future eruptions