BB Citizenship Stage 2HEALTH

( IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES)

By: Alfred Tan, Damien Chew, Gregory Kong, Matthew Ong and

Zuriel Khoo

Agenda

• Introduction• Health problems(in developing countries)• Reasons for health problems• Entrepreneurs and their contributions• Solutions• Conclusions

Health(Introduction)• Definition: A person’s mental and physical

condition.• Health problems due to: Micro-organisms Bad sanitary conditions Labour Malnutrition Pollution Animals

Health Problems

• Water-related diseases: Cholera Dysentery

• Animal-spread diseases: Malaria Rabies Ebola

• Malnutrition related: Osteoporosis Anemia

• Weather: Heatstroke Hypothermia

Diseases spread through consumption of food and water

• Pollutants contain large amounts of biohazardous organisms.Eg. Cholera, Dysentery, Typhoid Fever, Salmonella• If pollutants enter into water or food, it becomes contaminated and no

longer fit for safe consumption.• If these contaminated food are consumed, the consumer might suffer

from diseases.• These diseases are mostly gastric.• It may not only be a host for a huge host of bacteria and viruses, but also

for parasites such as tapeworms.

Animal-spread diseases• This refers to diseases spread via animals.• Diseases from them may jump species. Reservoirs for diseases, for example

mosquitoes, rats, bats, and wild dogs. Probably due to favourable breeding grounds.• Diseases can be spread by bites, parasitic transfer and wastes. • Diseases caused by bites:Rabies (spread by bites from mammals)Malaria and Dengue (spread by bites from mosquitoes)• Diseases spread by parasitic transfer, wastes and indirect contact:Bubonic Plague (aka Black Death)Avian FluEbola• Animals may be host for parasites and help spread them around.

Malnutrition• Malnutrition is the lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having

enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat.

• Many boys and girls in developing countries enter adolescence undernourished, making them more vulnerable to disease and early death.

• It may result in diseases such as osteoporosis, beri-beri and anemia due to the lack of needed nutrients and vitamins.

Intensive Labour

• Intensive labour is common in undeveloped countries.

• The strain may cause health problems later in life such as body aches, spinal problems and osteoporosis.

• If the work leaves a bad memory, trauma may occur.

Weather• Health problems may occur due to hostile weather conditions.• Immense heat may cause heatstroke, heat exhaustion, sun

burn and skin cancer.• Extreme cold may result in hypothermia and frostbite.• In undeveloped countries, infrastructure needed to protect

against extreme weather and to treat conditions may not be available.

• It could result in fatalities.

Reasons • Pollution: contaminated food and water, polluted living conditions.• Animals(pest): Diseases from them may jump species. Reservoirs for

diseases, for example mosquitos, rats, bats, and wild dogs. Probably due to favourable breeding grounds.

• Labour and living conditions: Health problems from unhealthy living style such as bad posture and strain on their bodies.

• Bad sanitary conditions can mean the lack of clean potable water and food, bad sewage system.

• Malnutrition could mean the lack of important nutrients and vitamins which may result in many complications.

• Weather such as extreme heat could cause heat stroke while extreme cold will result in hypothermia or frostbite.

Entrepreneurs Florence Nightingale Aka. Lady of The Lamp.Famous for being a nurse in The Crimean War and improving unsanitary conditions in

hospitals..Born in Florence, Italy on May 12 2015..Helped in British hospital base..Established St. Thomas' Hospital and the Nightingale Training School for Nurses..From a very young age, she was active in philanthropy and ministered to the ill in her

village. .Nursing was her passion..Many soldiers were nursed in inhumane and unsanitary conditions.

Entrepreneurs

John D. Rockefeller•American business magnate and philanthropist•Co-founder of Standard Oil Company.•He also started and defined the structure of modern philanthropy.• He started giving to charity at 16 years old after his first job as a clerk.•He gave 6 per cent of his earnings as a charity.•Became one of the world’s first great benefactor of medical science.•Founded the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research.•Created the Rockefeller foundation to continue on the work of the Sanitary Commission. •Provided nearly $250 million to foundation.

Entrepreneurs

• Charles R. Drew• Born on June 3, 1904-April 1, 1950 . Charles Richard Drew was an American physician, surgeon, and medical

researcher.• He researched in the field of blood transfusions, developing improved

techniques for blood storage.• He applied his expert knowledge to developing large-scale blood banks early

in World War II.• His contributions has helped many medics save thousands of Allied forces

lives.

Entrepreneurs

• Carlos Urbani• Born on October 19, 1956-March 29, 2003• Carlo Urbani was an Italian doctor and microbiologist.• He was the first to identify severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) as a

new and dangerously contagious viral disease. • His early warning to the World Health Organization (WHO) touched off a

massive response that helped save the lives of millions of people around the world.

Ongoing works• Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international, independent, medical

humanitarian organisation that delivers emergency aid to people affected by armed conflict, epidemics, natural disasters and exclusion from healthcare.

• MSF Worldwide MovementMSF is a worldwide movement of current and former field staff, grouped into

national and regional associations. Collectively, they make sure that MSF stays true to its mission and principles. Currently, there are 23 associations. All are independent legal entities, and each elects its own board of directors and president. Most associations have an executive office that raises funds and recruits staff for MSF’s operations.

http://msf-seasia.org/4818

Ongoing Works

• Situations where MSF is involved in: Armed conflict Natural Disasters Endemic and Epidemic Disease Social Violence and healthcare exclusion

http://msf-seasia.org/5376

Solutions• Don’t smoke• One of the biggest and most publicized dangers of smoking is lung cancer. With lung

cancer you will most likely die faster.• Tips • Keep trying! It often takes six or seven tries before you quit for good.• Talk to a health-care provider for help.• Join a quit-smoking program. Your workplace or health plan may offer one.

• For Parents and Grandparents• Try to quit as soon as possible. If you smoke, your children will be more likely to smoke.• Don't smoke in the house or car. If kids breathe in your smoke, they may have a higher

risk of breathing problems and lung cancer.• When appropriate, talk to your kids about the dangers of smoking and chewing

tobacco. A health-care professional or school counselor can help.

Solutions

• 6. Protect Yourself from the Sun• While the warm sun is certainly inviting, too much exposure to it can lead to skin

cancer, including serious melanoma. Skin damage starts early in childhood, so it’s especially important to protect children.

• Tips• Steer clear of direct sunlight between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. (peak burning hours). It’s

the best way to protect yourself.• Wear hats, long-sleeve shirts and sunscreens with SPF15 or higher.• Don’t use sun lamps or tanning booths. Try self-tanning creams instead.• For Parents and Grandparents • Buy tinted sunscreen so you can see if you’ve missed any spots on a fidgety child.• Set a good example for children by also protecting yourself with clothing, shade

and sunscreen.

Conclusion

• More has to be done to help the people in need.

• We as privileged citizens who enjoy good healthcare, should do our part and donate to charity or our blood.

• We should not take for granted the benefits we have.

THANK YOU AND REMEMBER TO HELP THIS PEOPLE!