bates isbs 2010 ed - northern michigan...
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IntroductoryIntroductoryRemarks
Acknowledge
Jan Felshin, Ed.D.Jan Felshin, Ed.D.
John Cooper, Ph.D.Walter Kroll, Ph.D.
Jan Broekhoff, Ph.D.,
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Acknowledge
“Injuries to Runners”jJames et al. , 1978
Stan James, M.D.et: Barry Bates, Ph.D.y ,al: Lou Osternig, Ph.D.
Contributors
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Recipients
John Cooper Ph DJohn Cooper, Ph.D.
Bruce Mason, Ph.D.Joe Hamill, Ph.D.
Barry Bates, Ph.D.
Accommodating Strategiesfor
Preventing Chronic Preventing Chronic Lower Extremity Injuries
Barry T. Bates, Ph.D.a y ates,
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MOVEMENT FORCESMOVEMENT FORCES
BIOMECHANICS
WHY ?
INJURY PREVENTINJURY : PREVENT
INJURY: REHABILITATION
PERFORMANCE: ENHANCEPERFORMANCE: ENHANCE
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RUNNING is “VIOLENT”
RUNNING is “VIOLENT”
400-600 IMPACTS / FOOT / MILE
At 1.5-3.5 BW’s Each
Equal To 100 TONS / FOOT
RUNNING
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Is There a Difference ?
Stride vs Injury
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INJURY STATISTICS:RUNNING
KOPLAN et al, 1982 35%LYSHOLM et al, 1987 65%MARTI et al, 1988 46%WALTER et al, 1989 48%van MECHELEN, 1992 50%ASPLUND, TANNER, 2004 50%
Ten Common Injuries(AOSSM, 2008; Others)
Plantar Fasclitis FootStress Fractures (Foot & Leg)Achilles TendonitisShin SplintsIliotibial Band SyndromePatellofemoral Pain SyndromeAnkle Sprains
Foot
Leg
Knee
Ankle SprainsMuscle PullsBlisters
Other
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Body Part Injured by Gender
JAMES et al, 1978
Training Errors (60%)Shoes and SurfacesAnatomic FactorsShoes and Surfaces
AOSSM, 2008Training Errors Training Errors
Shoes, Surfaces, Weather
Anatomic Abnormalities
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Stop!Detour
Why Is This The Case?
Why Haven’t We Seen More Why Haven t We Seen More Change Across Time?
STATISTICS
BIOMECHANICS RESEARCHTYPICALLY
IGNORE
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“Average” Person
Individual
SHOE RESEARCH RESULTSSHOE RESEARCH RESULTS
vs
SHOES CAUSE INJURIES ?
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JAMES et al, 1978
Training Errors (60%)Shoes and SurfacesAnatomic FactorsShoes and Surfaces
AOSSM, 2008Training Errors Training Errors
Shoes, Surfaces, Weather
Anatomic Abnormalities
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?
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“… propositions about
Final Comment
people cannot necessarily be derived from propositions about the mean of people …”p p
Bouffard, 1993, p.371
HOW HAS BIOMECHANICS CONTRIBUTED?
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Progression
SCIENCESCIENCE
KNOWLEDGE
ARTART
TREATMENT
HOW HAS BIOMECHANICS CONTRIBUTED?
FEWER MISTAKES
SCIENCE ARTSCIENCE ART(of “CHANGE”)
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MOVEMENT FORCESMOVEMENT FORCES
BIOMECHANICS
BIOMECHANICS
FIRST STEP TO GAININGUNDERSTANDING / INSIGHT
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PREDICT
MODEL
UNDERSTAND
DESCRIBEDESCRIBE
RELATIONSHIPS
IMPACT / LOADING
INJURY
IMPACT / LOADING
ANATOMICAL CONSTRAINTS
PERFORMANCEMETABOLIC COST
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INJURY
CAUSE: FORCE / STRESSCAUSE: FORCE / STRESS
HOW: CHANGE
CURE: FORCE / STRESSCU O C / S SSREDUCTION
HOW: CHANGE
INJURY
CAUSE: FORCE / STRESSCAUSE: FORCE / STRESS
HOW: CHANGE
PREVENT: FORCE / STRESSO C / S SSHOW: CHANGE FORCEHOW: MAGNITUDE, DIRECTION
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InjuryToo Much
Insights on Injury
= f (Change)Injury Too Fast
PreventionRehabilitation
= f (Patience)
= f (Change)
Patience = f (Controlled Change)
“The human system is functionally pliable in that changes (eg volition changes (eg. volition, perception, learning, growth and development, etc.) are possible within the bounds of imposed the bounds of imposed constraints.”
James & Bates, 1996
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How Individuals Differ
A t i l St tAnatomical Structure
Functional Capabilities
Experiences
Goals
StructureAcco
Function
PerformanceRunning
Knee Flex/Ext mmodatI o
StressInjuryChronicInjury
on
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Stress “Modifies” Structures
Positively = “Accommodation”
Negatively = “Injury”or
Accommodation vs Injury
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Load sufficiently to get the physiological response / accommodation for specific activity (increase acute threshold)
Vary load enough to avoid cumulative stress / injury (increase chronic threshold)
Remember: Training Errors (60%)(James et al., 1978)Too fast a change in too short a period of time
Physiological Response( at any instant in time )
AgeAge
Gender
Loading RateLoad Duration, Magnitude
ExperienceUseDisuse
History
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“We are all creat res of “We are all creatures of experience turning into
memory”
(mentally and physically)
ExperiencesMemories
Perceptions andExpectations
AssumptionsThoughts and
Actions
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Movement Constraints
M h l i lMorphologicalEnvironmentalBio/MechanicalT kTask
Movement
A Tool for problem solving, i.e. accomplishing a Taskaccomplishing a Task
(time, space & n-m-s system)
Constrained by:Morphology
Environment
Bio/Mechanics
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Strategy
SSelectedNeuro- Musculo -Skeletal
SolutionFor the Performance of a For the Performance of a
Motor Task
Response Strategies(to an Applied Load)
IGNORE Newtonian
ACCOMMODATE Neuro-muscular
ACKNOWLEDGE Combination(Biomechanical)
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INJURY
CAUSE: FORCE / STRESSCAUSE: FORCE / STRESS
HOW: CHANGE FORCE
PREVENT: FORCE / STRESSO C / S SSHOW: CHANGE FORCEHOW: MAGNITUDE, DIRECTION
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How do we change the force factor (magnitude and/or direction)?
Variations within activity (changing shoes, terrain, footstrike, knee angle, etc.)
V i ti b h i ti it Variations by changing activity (cross training)
How do we change the force factor (magnitude and/or direction)?
Change the environment, i.e. shoes, surface, terrain, etc.
Change performance characteristics, i.e. footstrike, knee angle, etc.
Change the activity, i.e. running, cycling, crosstraining, etc.
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Shoes
Running Surface
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How do we change the force factor (magnitude and/or direction)?
Change the environment, i.e. shoes, surface, terrain, etc.
Change performance characteristics, i.e. footstrike, knee angle, etc.
Change the activity, i.e. running, cycling, crosstraining, etc.
FootstrikePattern
Forefoot
Heel
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Performance Characteristics
Distribute Forces
Vary Knee Angle
Injury ?
How do we change the force factor (magnitude and/or direction)?
Change the environment, i.e. shoes, surface, terrain, etc.
Change performance characteristics, i.e. footstrike, knee angle, etc.
Change the activity, i.e. running, cycling, crosstraining, etc.
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Single Activity
Activity with Variation
Activity with Variation
Greater Variation
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Greater VariationGreater Variation
Cross Training
( 100 m )
Chronic Injury Risk
Single Activity
Skill Development ?
Activity with Variation
p
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SUMMARY
Accommodation vs Injury
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Strategies vs Injury
Activity vs Injury
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( 100 m )
Chronic Injury Risk
Single Activity
Skill Development ?
Activity with Variation
p
Dilemma
Skill Performancevs
Take HomeLesson 1
vsInjury Risk
Choice
WinningWinningvs
Wellness
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InjuryToo Much
= f (Change)
Take Home Lesson 2
Injury Too Fast
PreventionRehabilitation
= f (Patience)
= f (Change)
Patience = f (Controlled Change)
Some Final Suggestions
Have Appropriate GoalsHave Appropriate Goals
Train/Exercise Smart
Get Adequate RestDon’t Ignore PainThink PreventionHave Fun
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ThankYou !