Basics of Civilizations

Prehistoric, Paleolithic people

• Used hunting and gathering

Ice age then Neolithic Revolution

• The world was very cold (Ice Age)• As the weather warmed plants had an easier time

growing• Agriculture (farming) was the revolution during the

Neolithic time period

Neolithic Revolution

• The “revolution” is agriculture (farming) and the domestication of animals.

Parts of Civilization

• Agriculture (farming)• Sedentary living in cities• Written language• Code of law• Division of labor

Fertile Crescent

• Euphrates and Tigris river made the area farmable • Mesopotamia was in this location

Code of Hammurabi's

• It is a strict law code that applied to everyone.• 1st written law code!

Epic of Gilgamesh

• 1st major piece of Literature

Polytheism or Monotheism

• Polytheism• Believe in many gods

such as Hinduism

• Monotheism• Believe in one god such

as Christianity

Astronomy used by Egyptians

• Predict, the flooding of the Nile

Hieroglyphics

• Egyptian Writing, use of symbols

The Great Wall of China

• Protection against the Mongols

China

• Himalayas (Mountains) caused China to be isolated (Alone)

• Just like the Greek City-States

Confucianism

• Follow the rules • obey your parents • It is a Social System, allowed for control by the

Emperor over his subjects

Mandate of Heaven

• Rulers kept this by ruling well. • Caused the Dynastic cycle, if there was a bad ruler the people

would over throw him.

Walls

• Most ancient cities had these for protection

Caste System

• Created a rigid social class in India

Indian Innovations (South Asian)

• Mathematics

The Classical World

Ancient Greece Geography

• Mountains Isolated Greeks and created independent (alone) city-state.

Democracy

• Rule by many• 1st started in Athens, Greece • Citizens help rule

Pythagoras

• Greek mathematician who advanced geometry

Hinduism

• Religion Alexander the Great could have come across as he went into India

Triumvirate

• Rule by three • Julius Cesar was a part of it

Domes

• Romans used these in their architecture • Created and used concrete

Rome

• Centrally located in the Mediterranean• Allowed for effective rule

Fall of Rome

• Caused chaos and disorder (Dark Ages began)

Jesus

• Taught Compassion and love toward others.

Genghis Khan

• Mongolian Raider who conquered parts of Asia• Grandson, Kublai Khan, extended the territory

Justinian’s code of law

• Compilation of Roman laws, created the body of civil laws known today

Byzantine Empire

• Founded on Christianity• The Eastern Roman Empire • Continued on after the fall of the Western Roman

Empire

Islam and Africa

Muhammad

• Prophet and founder of Islam • Islam spread rapidly after the death of Muhammad

West African Kingdoms

• Products were traded to Europe, throughout the Mediterranean, and Asia• Trade routes get larger and territory (land they own) get larger• Traded ivory, gold and slaves

Middle Ages (Feudal Eurasia)

Magna Carta

• Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles • Power to the people!!!! King did not have Absolute power!

Constantinople

• Major trade port between Europe and Asia• Stopping point for Crusaders

Inquisition

• Catholic church created this court, to find and judge Heretics (nonbelievers)

Magna Carta

• Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles

Magna Carta

• Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles • Power to the people!!!! King did not have Absolute power!

Serf

• Poor worker • forced to stay on the lords land and work, basically a

slave during the Middle Ages

Feudal Contract

• Unwritten contract between a Lord and Vassal

Crusades

• European Knights travelled to the Middle East to conquer Holy lands from Muslims.

• Initially for Christianity, their religion. • Effects:

– Ended Fuedalism (Land was passed to the King) – Cultural Difussion (Europeans learned to use a compass)

Catholic church

• Unifying force during the Middle Ages • Churches were built on the Manor

Three field system

• increased crop production; thus, food supply• able to harvest 2 crops a year and leaving one fallow

(to regain nutrients) • First used during the Middle Ages

Vikings

• Originated in Norway • Attacked European villages

Black Death

• Spread South to North along the trade route• Hit Italy, France, and Norway the worst• Originated in China

Black Plague’s impact on Europe• It killed a large proportion of the population,

especially in countries with many sea ports.

Renaissance and Reformation

The Renaissance

• Increase (more) trade in Italy, less control of the Catholic Church, and an increase in individualism

Printing Press

• Helped information spread rapidly• Saved Martin Luther• More then words, pictures!

The Renaissance

• People focused on themselves and ideas outside of the Church

• The Catholic Churches Popularity decreased

Indulgence

• When the Catholic church sells you a pardon from sin. A document of forgiveness.

95-Thesis

• Martin Luther wrote this to speak out against the Catholic church and the selling of indulgences

Exploration

Columbian Exchange

• Exchange of people, goods, and Ideas between the “New World” (the Americas) and the “Old World” (Europe and the known world)

• Started with Christopher Columbus “discovering” Cuba and infecting the natives with diseases

Columbian Exchange

• From Old World: Small pox, Horses, Cows, and other large animals

• From New World: Tobacco, Corn, Potatoes, Tomatoes

Astrolabe

• Gave Latitude based off of the position of the stars and planets

• Helped navigate seas and Oceans• Islam Invention

Middle Passage

• Trip of Africans across the Atlantic Ocean• Death, Disease, and tight living • See photos above, imagine the heat.

African Slaves

• African slaves were needed for labor (shortage of labor)

• Brought their heritage and customs mostly to the Caribbean

Mercantilism

• The Age of Exploration led to the development of Mercantilism

• There were products and items to sell and find in the new locations found and colonized