some facts about mythology just the basics. civilizations greece rome
TRANSCRIPT
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SOME FACTS ABOUT MYTHOLOGYJUST THE BASICS
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CIVILIZATIONS
• GREECE• ROME
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PURPOSES
• RELIGION• GUIDE THEM IN THEIR DAILY LIVES• MAKE THEM FEEL SECURE IN AN
UNKNOWN WORLD (explain phenomenon)
• LITERATURE AND ENTERTAINMENT
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MYTHS
• INCLUDE NATURE, GODS, GODDESSES, MONSTERS, HEROES
• THEY SOMETIMES CONTRADICT EACH OTHER BECAUSE STORIES WERE PASSED DOWN BY WORD OF MOUTH
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Types of Myths
• Divine myths -tales referring to the gods
• Heroic myths - tales related to kingdoms on earth, heroes and heroines
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PERSONALITIES OF THE IMMORTALS
• IMPERFECT--MADE MISTAKES• MANY CHARACTERS • INVOLVED THEMSELVES IN
HUMANS’ LIVES• CREATED BY THE UNIVERSE
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GREEK & ROMAN GODS
• NAMES DIFFER• STORIES ARE SIMILAR
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BASIC FACTS• HOME: MT. OLYMPUS• FOOD: AMBROSIA• DRINK: NECTAR• ZEUS, AN OLYMPIAN, WAS KING• 13 MAIN GODS & GODDESSES RULED IN
A GROUP CALLED THE PANTHEON
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BEGINNINGS
• GAEA (THE EARTH/FEMALE) MARRIED URANUS (SKY/MALE)
• THEY HAD 3 SETS OF CHILDREN– TITANS (GOOD-LOOKING & STRONG)– CYCLOPES (ONE-EYED GIANTS)– 100-HANDED GIANTS (NOT
ATTRACTIVE)
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• BECAUSE THEY WERE SO UGLY, URANUS CAST OFF THE GIANTS AND CYCLOPES TO TARTARUS.
• THIS MOVE ENRAGED GAEA.
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Gaea’s Revenge
• She helped Cronos overthrow Uranus.• Uranus then made a prophesy that one
of Cronos’s children would overthrow him one day.
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Cronos
• Cronos then became the lead god.• Married Rhea• Children: Hestia, Pluto, Poseidon, Hera,
and Demeter• Cronos, afraid of the prophesy,
swallowed all of his children as soon as they were born.
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• Rhea and Gaea were angry and plotted against Cronos
• Rhea’s next child was Zeus• She gave Cronos a stone wrapped in a
blanket to swallow instead of the baby• She hid Zeus in a cave on the island of
Crete
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Overthrowing Cronos
• Rhea & Gaea mixed a potion to give to Cronos which would make him throw up the children he had swallowed. Zeus was the cupholder.
• Now they could fight.• Cronos and the Titans vs. Zeus, his 5
brothers and sisters, some other gods, monsters, 100-headed monsters, and Cyclopes
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THE VICTORY
• Zeus took over Mt. Olympus, becoming king of the gods.
• 13 gods and goddesses created the pantheon.
• They ruled for 1000 years.• Zeus, an Olympian and jealous playboy,
married Hera.
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Greek Family TreeUranus & Gaea
Cronus & Rhea
Hestia
Demeter
Poseidon
Zeus
Athena
Persephone
Apollo
Artemis
Aphrodite
Hermes
Hades
Hera
Ares
Hephaestus
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12 god and goddesses
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ZEUS (zoose or zyoose; Roman name Jupiter) was the supreme
god of the Olympians. He was the father of the heroes Perseus and Heracles Zeus was the youngest
son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea. When he was born, his
father Cronus intended to swallow him as he had all of Zeus's
siblings.
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HERA (HEE-ruh) was the goddess of marriage. Hera was the wife of Zeus and Queen of the Olympians. Hera
hated the great hero Heracles since he was the son of her husband Zeus and a mortal woman. When he was still an
infant, she sent snakes to attack him in his crib. Later she stirred up the
Amazons against him when he was on one of his quests.
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DIONYSUS (dye-oh-NYE-sus) was the god of wine. Dionysus was the
son of Zeus and the mortal heroine Semele.
It was Dionysus who granted Midas the power to turn whatever
he touched into gold, then was kind enough to take the power
back when it proved inconvenient.
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APHRODITE (a-fro-DYE-tee) was the goddess of love, beauty and
fertility. She was also a protecter of sailors. The poet Hesiod said
that Aphrodite was born from sea-foam. Homer, on the other hand, said that she was the daughter of
Zeus and Dione.
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APOLLO (uh-POL-oh) was the god of prophesy, music and
healing. Like most of his fellow Olympians, Apollo did not
hesitate to intervene in human affairs. It was he who brought
about the demise of the mighty Achilles.
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ARES (AIR-eez) was the god of war, or more precisely of warlike frenzy. Though an
immortal deity, he was bested by Heracles in battle and was
almost killed when stuffed into a jar by two giants.
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ARTEMIS (AR-ti-mis) was the virgin goddess of the hunt. She helped
women in childbirth but also brought sudden death with her arrows.
Artemis and her brother Apollo were the children of Zeus and Leto. In
some versions of their myth, Artemis was born first and helped her
mother to deliver Apollo.
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ATHENA (a-THEE-nuh) was the goddess of crafts and the
domestic arts and also those of war. She was the patron goddess
of Athens. Her symbol was the owl. She was originally the Great
Goddess in the form of a bird. She has come to be regarded as a
goddess of wisdom
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DEMETER (dee-MEE-tur) was the goddess of agriculture. Demeter as the sister of Zeus and the mother of Persephone. When depicted in art, Demeter is often shown carrying a sheaf of grain.
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HEPHAESTUS (he-FESS-tus) was the lame god of fire and crafts or
the two together, hence of blacksmiths. Hephaestus was the son of Zeus and Hera or, in some
accounts, of Hera alone. He limped because he was born lame, which caused his mother to throw
him off Mount Olympus.
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HERMES (HUR-meez) was the messenger of the gods and guide of dead souls to the Underworld. A
prankster and inventive genius from birth, Hermes aided the
heroes Odysseus and Perseus in their quests. Hermes was the son
Zeus and a mountain nymph.
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POSEIDON (puh-SYE-dun) was the god of the sea, earthquakes and horses. Although he was officially one of the supreme gods of Mount Olympus, he spent most of his time in his watery
domain. Poseidon was brother to Zeus and Hades. These three gods divided up creation. Zeus was ruler of the sky,
Hades had dominion of the Underworld and Poseidon was given all water, both
fresh and salt.
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Other Characters
TitansEpimetheusPrometheusAtlasand flocks.
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Other god and godessess•Hades – god of the underworld•Hestia – goddess of the hearth•Persophone – queen of the underworld•Aeolus – god of the wind•Eros – god of love•Pan - was a god of shepherds and flocks.
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Heros
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Map of Ancient Greece