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Basic Information About

Cell Disruption

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In many different industries and for many different

reasons, the concept of cell disruption is an

important process. Here is some basic information

about cell disruption so you are equipped with all

the general knowledge you need.

Introduction

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First, it makes sense to describe the structure of a cell so youcan visualize exactly what is being disrupted.

The Structure of a Cell

 All cells have a plasma

membrane, and that

membrane is the onlybarrier between the

contents of the cell and

the environment, when

you’re talking about

animal cells.

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When it comes to plant cells or bacteria, there is an extra

cell wall that surrounds the plasma membrane, and this

wall is rigid.

Cell disruption occurs easier in animal cells than it doesin plant cells, because the plant cells have several

cellulose layers that the animal cells don’t have. This

makes the plant cells quite a bit stronger and more

difficult to disrupt.

The Structure of a Cell

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Cell disruption, which is also

known as ‘bacteria cell lysis’

refers to an external force or 

condition breaking down the

contents of a cell. Celldisruption can occur by natural

or artificial means, but when it

happens artificially, it’s usually

because someone or some

organization is conducting

research.

What Is Cell Disruption?

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 After cell disruption has occurred, the leftover material

that contains all of the contents of the destroyed cell is

called the ‘lysate’. A substance that encourages cell

disruption to happen is called a ‘lysin’.

General osmosis that happens inside the cells of plants

and animals is one of the more common cell disruption

methods in the natural world.

What Is Cell Disruption?

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In a laboratory setting, there are several call disruptionmethods that may be used to get the job done. According to

Bio Rad, here are some of the most common:

◦ Osmotic Lysis – the cells swell up and burst after being suspended in

a hypotonic solution.

◦ Detergent Lysis – the cells are suspended in a solution containing a

detergent to make the cell membrane soluble.

◦ Freeze / Thaw – the cells are frozen in liquid nitrogen and then thawed

out.

Methods

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◦ Enzymatic – the cells are suspended in a solution thatcontains enzymes, designed to digest the cell wall. Another 

cell disruption method usually follows this one for the best

effect.

◦ Sonication – this is a harsher cell disruption method where the

cells are subject to short bursts of ultrasonic waves.

◦ French Press – the cells are subject to shear force when they

are forced through a small opening at high pressure.

Methods

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Cell disruption is used in several different

industries on a regular basis, and as part of the

regular process. For many products, controlling

the particle size and cell disruption is a crucial

element in order to produce products that are safe

and of high quality.

Industries

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Here are some of the primary industries where cell

disruption equipment is required, according to

high shear processor maker, Microfluidics:

◦ Pharmaceutical

◦ Cosmetics

◦ Biotechnology

◦ Energy

◦ Nutraceuticals & Food

◦ Chemical

Industries

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Cell disruption methods might be used in any of 

these industries in the lab as part of research, or 

as part of the manufacturing process to produce a

finished product perfectly to spec.

Industries

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Considering some of the industries that use cell disruptionto create their products, the process is very important.

Sending out food products or nutritional supplements or 

pharmaceutical drugs that have flaws is a sure way to lose

customers and possibly a whole lot more.

In certain industries and with some products, there really is

no room for error. Poor cell disruption methods can even

affect criminal investigations, as it is a necessary part of 

the DNA extraction process.

Importance